Four-Point Probe | Resistivity & Conductivity Measurement

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The spring-loaded, rounded contacts allow for high quality surface measurements without damaging delicate samples, making it ideal for characterizing nanometer-thin polymer films. Both models can fit seamlessly into any lab environment thanks to their compact and self-contained design, while the Plus model can take measurements in setups without a PC. Built with the Ossila Source Measure Unit at its core, our four-point probe has a wide current range making it suitable for a variety of measurements. 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variantData[49564303360216] = { stockStatus: '', noStockStatus: '', additionalInfo: '', }; variantData[49564303392984] = { stockStatus: '', noStockStatus: '', additionalInfo: '', }; </script> <div id="product-title-bar"> <div> <h1 class="margin-bottom-0">Four-Point Probe</h1><p class="margin-bottom-0 text-left"><a href="/collections/equipment">Lab Equipment</a>, <a href="/collections/deals-and-discounts">Price Reductions and Sales</a>, <a href="/collections/solar-cell-prototyping-platform">Solar Cell Prototyping Platform</a></p></div> <div id="product-downloads"><a data-toggle="modal" data-target="#basic-modal" data-title="Free Software for Windows" data-href="/pages/software-drivers#four-point-probe-system" data-div="software-modal" class="basic-modal"> Software <img width="14" height="13.156" src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/t/304/assets/product-downloads-software.svg?v=94746951568714459061732532704" alt="Four-Point Probe software" /> </a><a href="https://downloads.ossila.com/manuals/four-point-probe-system.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Manual <img width="12" height="21.7" src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/t/304/assets/product-downloads-manual.svg?v=68816938673519308151732532704" alt="Four-Point Probe manual" /> </a></div> </div> <hr> <div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4"> <div class="text-center product-height"><a target='_blank' href="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Focus-Stack-Product-Image.jpg?v=1730994704"> <img id="product-image" fetchpriority="high" src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Focus-Stack-Product-Image.jpg?v=1730994704&width=240" alt="Four-Point Probe" width="240" height="240" /> </a></div><img src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/t/304/assets/product-badge-warranty.svg?v=14961253081257638261732532704" alt="Two year warranty" class="product-badge"> </div><div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8"> <form id="add-item-form" action="/pages/contact-us" data-contact="/pages/contact-us" data-cart="/cart/add" method="get"><div class="product-options-1"> <select id="product-select" name="id" class="form-control product-select hidden"><option value="49564303360216" data-variant="{"id":49564303360216,"title":"Plus (New!)","option1":"Plus (New!)","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"T2001A5","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":{"id":43609341526232,"product_id":9012021505,"position":1,"created_at":"2024-11-07T15:51:42+00:00","updated_at":"2024-11-07T15:51:44+00:00","alt":null,"width":1000,"height":1000,"src":"\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Four-Point-Probe-Focus-Stack-Product-Image.jpg?v=1730994704","variant_ids":[49564303360216]},"available":true,"name":"Four-Point Probe - Plus (New!)","public_title":"Plus (New!)","options":["Plus (New!)"],"price":273000,"weight":0,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":-158,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"","featured_media":{"alt":null,"id":36202140074200,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":1000,"width":1000,"src":"\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/Four-Point-Probe-Focus-Stack-Product-Image.jpg?v=1730994704"}},"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}"selected="selected"> Plus (New!) </option><option value="49564303392984" data-variant="{"id":49564303392984,"title":"Original","option1":"Original","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"T2001A4","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":{"id":41726124327128,"product_id":9012021505,"position":2,"created_at":"2024-06-18T11:49:27+01:00","updated_at":"2024-07-08T09:02:04+01:00","alt":null,"width":1024,"height":1024,"src":"\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/2024-Four-Point-Probe-Product-Image.png?v=1720425724","variant_ids":[49564303392984]},"available":true,"name":"Four-Point Probe - Original","public_title":"Original","options":["Original"],"price":221000,"weight":0,"compare_at_price":260000,"inventory_quantity":-2,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"","featured_media":{"alt":null,"id":34805826978008,"position":2,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":1.0,"height":1024,"width":1024,"src":"\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/2024-Four-Point-Probe-Product-Image.png?v=1720425724"}},"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}"> Original </option></select> </div><div id="sku-label" class="text-muted"> Product Code <span id="sku">T2001A5 </span> </div><div id="stock-status-label"></div> <div id="additional-info"></div><div id="price-container" data-nosnippet="true"> <span id="price-label" class="text-muted">Price</span> <span id="currency-compare-span"></span> <span id="currency-price-span"> $2,730</span> <span class="localise text-muted"><span data-region="GB"> ex. VAT</span></span> <a href="#" id="click-to-shop-in" class="text-muted display-none click-shop-in">(click to shop in <span id='suggested-currency-product'></span>)</a> </div><div class="row button-row no-margin-top"><div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1 button-col quantity-container"> <label class="text-muted text-bottom" aria-label="quantity">Qty.</label> <input id="quantity" type="number" name="quantity" min="1" value="1" class="item-quantity" /> </div><div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-2 button-col"> <a data-toggle="modal" data-target="#choose-country-modal" class="access-bar-location"> <div class="currency-picker product-options-currency-btn">$ USD </div> </a> </div><div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 button-col text-right" id="product-action-button"> <input type="submit" id="add-to-cart-button" class="fill btn btn-ossila-green product-options-panel-button margin-bottom-small" name="Add to cart / quote" value="" /> <p class="text-muted text-small"><a class="text-muted text-regular" href="https://www.ossila.com/pages/how-to-order">How to Order</a> | <a class="text-muted text-regular" href="https://www.ossila.com/pages/worldwide-shipping">Shipping</a></p> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="software-modal" class="display-none"> <p>Reliable and intuitive PC software, designed to help speed up your research, is provided at no extra cost. The latest versions are always available to download via our website.</p> <h3 class='h2'>Ossila Sheet Resistance Lite 1.0.9</h3> <p>Sheet resistance measurement software for the Ossila Four-Point Probe System.</p> <a href='https://downloads.ossila.com/software/four-point-probe/Ossila-Sheet-Resistance-Lite-Installer-1-0-9.exe'> <p class='text-center'> <svg class="icon icon-download"> <use xlink:href="#icon-download"></use> </svg> <br /> <strong>Download (80 MB)</strong> </p> </a> <h3>Minimum System Requirements</h3> <p class='no-margin'><strong>Operating System</strong> Windows 10 or 11 (64-bit)</p> <p class='no-margin'><strong>CPU</strong> Dual Core 2 GHz</p> <p class='no-margin'><strong>RAM</strong> 2 GB</p> <p class='no-margin'><strong>Available Drive Space</strong> 269 MB</p> <p class='no-margin'><strong>Monitor Resolution</strong> 1440 x 900</p> <p class='no-margin'><strong>Connectivity</strong> USB 2.0, Ethernet (requires DHCP)</p> </div> <hr class="less-height"> <div class="description"> <h2 id="product-oneliner">Easy and Reliable Characterization of Your Thin Films</h2> <p class="text-center">Fast and accurate sheet resistance measurements for a wide range of materials</p> <hr> <p class="text-center"><a href="#overview" data-mce-href="#overview">Overview</a> | <a href="#specification" data-mce-href="#specification">Specifications</a> | <a href="#features" data-mce-href="#features">Features</a> | <a href="#gallery" data-mce-href="#gallery">Gallery</a> | <a href="#software" data-mce-href="#software">Software</a> | <a href="#included" data-mce-href="#included">In the Box</a> | <a href="#accessories" data-mce-href="#accessories">Accessories</a> | <a href="#resources" data-mce-href="#resources">Resources and Support</a></p> <hr> <p id="overview">The Ossila Four-Point Probe makes the measurement of sheet resistance, resistivity, and conductivity of thin films quick and easy. The spring-loaded, rounded contacts allow for high quality surface measurements without damaging delicate samples, making it ideal for characterizing nanometer-thin polymer films. Both models can fit seamlessly into any lab environment thanks to their compact and self-contained design, while the Plus model can take measurements in setups without a PC.</p> <p>Built with the Ossila Source Measure Unit at its core, our four-point probe has a wide current range making it suitable for a variety of measurements. Choose the Ossila Four-Point Probe for rapid and reliable material characterization.</p> <div class="row display-flex"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 text-center margin-top"> <img width="50" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/icon_non_destructive_testing_alt.svg?v=1718707947" loading="lazy" height="50" alt="Two-Year Warranty" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/icon_non_destructive_testing_alt.svg?v=1718707947"> <p class="blue-heading no-margin text-center">Non-Destructive Probes</p> <p class="text-center">Protect your sensitive samples</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 text-center margin-top"> <img width="50" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Free_Software.svg?v=1697197697" loading="lazy" height="50" alt="Free four-point probe software" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Free_Software.svg?v=1697197697"> <p class="blue-heading no-margin text-center">Free Software</p> <p class="text-center">Keeping your software up to date</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 text-center margin-top"> <img width="50" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Voltage.svg?v=1697197768" loading="lazy" height="50" alt="Wide current range" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Voltage.svg?v=1697197768"> <p class="blue-heading no-margin text-center">Wide Current Range</p> <p class="text-center">For versatile sample measurements</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-3 text-center margin-top"> <img width="50" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Simple_to_use_Software.svg?v=1697194957" loading="lazy" height="50" alt="Four-point probe with digital display" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Simple_to_use_Software.svg?v=1697194957"> <p class="blue-heading no-margin text-center">Upgrade to Plus</p> <p class="text-center">In-built display for quick measurements</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-body"> <h2>Quick Measurements with the Four-Point Probe Plus</h2> <hr> <p>Characterize your samples without connecting to a PC. The Four-Point Probe Plus includes embedded software that is easily controlled by the LED screen and keypad.</p> <p>The system can independently measure the sheet resistance and, after inputting the dimensions and thickness, the conductivity and resistivity of a sample. It also provides real-time display of both the current and voltage between the outer pins and the voltage between the inner pins. For more complex experiments, this model still includes free PC software so you can record your data.</p> <figure><img src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-screen.jpg?width=1020&height=350&crop=bottom" alt="Four-point probe with digital display" height="350" width="1020" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-screen.jpg?width=1020&height=350&crop=bottom"> </figure> </div> </div> <figure><video width="848.328" title="Four Point Probe. Product Overview video" preload="none" poster="https://cdn.ossila.com/videos/Four-Point-Probe-Product-Overview.jpg" height="477.172" crossorigin="" controlslist="nodownload" controls="controls" class="widescreen"> <source type="video/mp4" src="https://cdn.ossila.com/videos/four-point-probe-product-overview.mp4" data-mce-src="https://cdn.ossila.com/videos/four-point-probe-product-overview.mp4"> <track srclang="en" src="https://cdn.ossila.com/videos/four-point-probe-product-overview.vtt" label="English" kind="subtitles" default="" data-mce-src="https://cdn.ossila.com/videos/four-point-probe-product-overview.vtt"></video> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "VideoObject", "name": "Four Point Probe Product Overview", "description": "Four Point Probe Product Overview", "thumbnailUrl": "https://cdn.ossila.com/videos/Four-Point-Probe-Product-Overview.jpg", "uploadDate": "2023-04-19", "contentURL": "https://cdn.ossila.com/videos/four-point-probe-product-overview.mp4", "duration": "PT0M55S" } </script> </figure> <h2 id="specification">Specifications</h2> <hr> <table width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Voltage Range</th> <td>±100 μV to ±10 V</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Current Range</th> <td>±1 μA to ±200 mA (5 ranges)</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Sheet Resistance Range</th> <td>100 mΩ/□ to 10 MΩ/□ (ohms per square)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3>Equipped with Soft Contact Probes</h3> <p>The Ossila Four-Point Probe is equipped with soft contact probes to reduce the potential of damaging delicate thin films. Our probes have rounded tips (unlike other probes which are like sharp needles) and a larger surface area with a radius of 0.24 mm. The gold-plates probes are mounted on springs to allow them to retract into the probe head when making contact with the sample. This design spreads out the downward force and ensures that a uniform force of 60 grams is applied to the sample.</p> <figure><img width="482" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point_Probe_Head.svg?v=1682412884" loading="lazy" height="344" alt="Schematic of soft contact probes from Ossila" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point_Probe_Head.svg?v=1682412884"> <figcaption>Soft contact probes</figcaption> </figure> <p class="text-muted">Please note: at the moment, our system is <strong>not</strong> suitable for silicon or other materials which naturally form insulating oxide layers. To measure such materials the oxide layer needs to be penetrated, which our probes are designed to avoid.</p> <h3>Sheet Resistance</h3> <table width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="25%" class="text-center">Sheet Resistance</th> <th width="25%" class="text-center">SMU Accuracy*</th> <th width="25%" class="text-center">Precision</th> <th width="25%" class="text-center">Measured at Range</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">100 mΩ/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±8%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±3%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">200 mA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">1 Ω/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±2%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±0.5%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">200 mA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">10 Ω/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±1%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±0.5%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">200 mA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">100 Ω/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±1%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±0.05%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">20 mA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">1 kΩ/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±1%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±0.03%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">20 mA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">10 kΩ/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±1%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±0.02%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">2000 µA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">100 kΩ/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±2%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±0.05%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">200 µA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">1 MΩ/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±8%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±0.5%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">20 µA</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" class="text-center">10 MΩ/□</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±30%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">±5%</td> <td width="25%" class="text-center">20 µA</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>* The probe head can introduce up to 4% additional measurement error.</p> <figure><img height="385" width="890" loading="lazy" alt="Ossila Four-Point Probe with Inbuilt Data Display wireframe diagram" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-plus-display-wireframe.svg" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-plus-display-wireframe.svg"> <figcaption>Four-point probe wireframes (left: Original model - T2001A4, right: Plus model - T2001A5)</figcaption> </figure> <h3>Physical Specifications</h3> <table width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Probe Spacing</th> <td>1.27 mm (0.05")</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Rectangular Sample Size Range</th> <td> <p>Long Edge Minimum: 5 mm (0.20")</p> <p class="no-margin">Short Edge Maximum: 152.4 mm (6")</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Circular Sample Size Range (Diameter)</th> <td>5 mm to 152.4 mm (0.20" to 6.00")</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Maximum Sample Thickness</th> <td>8 mm (0.31")</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Overall Dimensions (W x H x D)</th> <td>145 mm x 150 mm x 240 mm (5.71" x 5.91" x 9.45")</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3>Resistivity and Conductivity Range</h3> <p>As the system measures the sheet resistance of a sample, a general range of measurable resistivities or conductivities cannot be given. This is because the measurable resistivity range depends on the thickness of the sample being tested. The resistivity of a sample can be calculated from its sheet resistance and thickness using the following equation:</p> <figure><img src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/sheet-resistance-resistivity-equation.png?v=1518786886" alt="Sheet resistance resistivity equation" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/sheet-resistance-resistivity-equation.png?v=1518786886"> </figure> <p>The system is capable of measuring between 100 mΩ/□ and 10 MΩ/□, so if we use these values in the formula above with a sample 50 nm thick, then the resistivity (conductivity) range that can be measured by the system will be 5 nΩ.m to 500 mΩ.m (2 S/m to 200 MS/m). If the sample is 400 µm thick, then the resistivity (conductivity) range of the system is 40 µΩ.m to 4 kΩ.m (250 µS/m to 25 kS/m). Below is a table of the resistivity and conductivity ranges of the system for samples with thicknesses of different orders of magnitude:</p> <table style="width: 100%; height: 137.157px;" data-mce-style="width: 100%; height: 137.157px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;" data-mce-style="height: 19.5938px;"> <th style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;">Coating Thickness</th> <th style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;">Resistivity Range</th> <th style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;">Conductivity Range</th> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;" data-mce-style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;">10 nm</td> <td style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;">1 nΩ.m – 100 mΩ.m</td> <td style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;">10 S/m – 1 GS/m</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;" data-mce-style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;">100 nm</td> <td style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;">10 nΩ.m – 1 Ω.m</td> <td style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;">1 S/m – 100 MS/m</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;" data-mce-style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;">1 µm</td> <td style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;">100 nΩ.m – 10 Ω.m</td> <td style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;">100 mS/m – 10 MS/m</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;" data-mce-style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;">10 µm</td> <td style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;">1 µΩ.m – 100 Ω.m</td> <td style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;">10 mS/m – 1 MS/m</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;" data-mce-style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;">100 µm</td> <td style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;">10 µΩ.m – 1 kΩ.m</td> <td style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;">1 mS/m – 100 kS/m</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.5938px;" data-mce-style="height: 19.5938px;"> <td style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 29.5193%; height: 19.5938px;">1 mm</td> <td style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 32.1995%; height: 19.5938px;">100 µΩ.m – 10 kΩ.m</td> <td style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;" class="text-center" data-mce-style="width: 34.2666%; height: 19.5938px;">100 µS/m – 10 kS/m</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="features">Four-Point Probe Features</h2> <hr> <div class="row pad-half-height"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-2"><img width="112" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/icon_non_destructive_testing_alt.svg?v=1717677129" loading="lazy" height="112" alt="Non-destructive soft contact probes" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/icon_non_destructive_testing_alt.svg?v=1717677129"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-10"> <p class="blue-heading">Non-Destructive Soft Contact Probes</p> <p>Designed to measure delicate samples. Rounded, soft contact probes, with a 0.24 mm radius, spread the downward force applied to the sample. The probes are gold plated and mounted on springs for good electrical contact. When making contact, they retract into the head to ensure that a uniform force of 60 grams is applied.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row pad-half-height"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-2"><img width="112" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Wide_resistance_Range.svg?v=1697620652" loading="lazy" height="112" alt="Wide current range" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Wide_resistance_Range.svg?v=1697620652"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-10"> <p class="blue-heading">Wide Current Range</p> <p>Our four-point probe is capable of delivering currents between 1 μA and 200 mA, and can measure voltages from as low as 100 μV up to 10 V. The system can measure sheet resistances in the range of 100 mΩ/□ to 10 MΩ/□, enabling the characterization of a wide range of materials.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row pad-half-height"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-2"><img width="112" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Accuracy.svg?v=1697194989" loading="lazy" height="112" alt="High accuracy four-point probe" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Accuracy.svg?v=1697194989"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-10"> <p class="blue-heading">High Accuracy</p> <p>Positive and negative polarity measurements can be performed to calculate the average sheet resistance between positive and negative currents. This eliminates any voltage offsets that may have occurred, hence increasing the accuracy of your measurements.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row pad-half-height"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-2"><img width="112" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Head_Heigfht_Control.svg?v=1697629928" loading="lazy" height="112" alt="Linear translation stage with height control" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Head_Heigfht_Control.svg?v=1697629928"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-10"> <p class="blue-heading">Linear Translation Stage</p> <p>With micrometer height control for simple and controlled soft sample contact. The manual knob makes it easy to achieve good electrical contact each time. Plus, the non-slip stage keeps your samples steady and ensures your delicate samples are not damaged by movement during characterization.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row pad-half-height"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-2"><img width="112" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Wide_Working_Space.svg?v=1697547419" loading="lazy" height="112" alt="Large sample stage for accurate measurements" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Wide_Working_Space.svg?v=1697547419"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-10"> <p class="blue-heading">Characterize Large Samples</p> <p>The large stage area means you can characterize larger samples up to a 6 inch diameter (152.4 mm). Larger samples are less reliant on correction factors and provide more accurate measurements when characterizing your materials. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row pad-half-height"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-2"><img width="112" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Simple_to_use_Software.svg?v=1697547419" loading="lazy" height="112" alt="Simple to Use Interface" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Icon_Simple_to_use_Software.svg?v=1697547419"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-10"> <p class="blue-heading">Quick Measurements (Plus model only)</p> <p>The inbuilt data display includes a bright LCD display and tactile keypad, allowing you to characterize your samples without needing to connect to a PC. Simply plug in the four-point probe, raise your sample so that it makes contact with the probes, and press the OK button.</p> </div> </div> <h2 id="gallery">Four-Point Probe Gallery*</h2> <hr> <div class="carousel-container carousel-gallery"> <div class="carousel-track ease-in-out-transition"> <a title="Four-Point Probe with Inbuilt Data Display" class="carousel-item" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Four-Point Probe with Inbuilt Data Display" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> <a title="Four-Point Probe without display" class="carousel-item" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Ossila-Four-Point-Probe.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Ossila-Four-Point-Probe.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Four-Point Probe without display" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Ossila-Four-Point-Probe.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Ossila-Four-Point-Probe.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> <a title="Inbuilt Data Display" class="carousel-item" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-screen.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-screen.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Inbuilt Data Display" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-screen.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-screen.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> <a class="carousel-item" title="Large Sample Stage" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Overview.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Overview.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Large Sample Stage" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Overview.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Overview.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> <a title="Micrometer Height Control" class="carousel-item" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-set-up.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-set-up.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Micrometer Height Control" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-set-up.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-set-up.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> <a title="Lab Proof Build" class="carousel-item" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Connection.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Connection.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Lab Proof Build" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Connection.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Connection.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> <a title="Extended Probe Head" class="carousel-item" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Close-up-Head.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Close-up-Head.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Extended Probe Head" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Close-up-Head.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Four-Point-Probe-Close-up-Head.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> <a title="Soft Contact Probes" class="carousel-item" href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-reflection.jpg?width=1620" data-mce-href="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-reflection.jpg?width=1620"> <img alt="Soft Contact Probe" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-reflection.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="280" width="420" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/four-point-probe-reflection.jpg?width=420&height=280&crop=center"> </a> </div> <a role="button" class="carousel-left-control"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-chevron-left"> <use xlink:href="#icon-chevron-left"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a role="button" class="carousel-right-control"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-chevron-right"> <use xlink:href="#icon-chevron-right"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div> <p class="text-muted">*Photos include both Original and Plus models</p> <h2 id="software">Software</h2> <hr> <p>Your four-point probe can be controlled using a PC, running our free, user-friendly Ossila Sheet Resistance Lite software. With the Plus model, you can also use the embedded software on the inbuilt data display. Both pieces of software can calculate appropriate geometrical correction factors for the sample geometry and the resistivity and conductivity of the sample to allow for extensive, accurate electrical characterization of materials (if you would like to record your data, you will need to use the Ossila Sheet Resistance Lite software).</p> <figure><img width="848" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/ossila-sheet-resistance-lite-pc-software.png?width=848&height=192" loading="lazy" height="192" alt="Sheet Resistance Lite Software" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/ossila-sheet-resistance-lite-pc-software.png?width=848&height=192"> <figcaption>Sheet Resistance Lite Measurement Software</figcaption> </figure> <p>The Sheet Resistance Lite software is supplied on the included USB memory stick along with a copy of the user manual and QC data. In addition, the latest version is always available to download for free from our website.</p> <p>The Sheet Resistance Lite software saves data to comma-separated value (.csv) files, facilitating importing the data into your preferred analysis software. Advanced settings give you greater control over the measurment, allowing you to set voltage and current limits, perform negative polarity measurements, or use probes with different spacings.</p> <h3>Sheet Resistance Lite Software Requirements</h3> <table width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Operating System</th> <td>Windows 10 or 11 (64-bit)</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">CPU</th> <td>Dual Core 2 GHz</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">RAM</th> <td>2 GB</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Available Hard Drive Space</th> <td>270 MB</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Monitor Resolution</th> <td>1440 x 900</td> </tr> <tr> <th width="38.2%">Connectivity</th> <td>USB 2.0, or Ethernet (requires DHCP)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="included">In the Box</h2> <hr> <ul> <li>Ossila Four-Point Probe with head and stage</li> <li>Integrated source measure unit</li> <li>Inbuilt data display with sheet resistance measurement capability (T2001A5 only)</li> <li>60 x 60 mm glass substrate coated with 400 – 450 nm of FTO</li> <li>Power adapter (24 VDC)</li> <li>USB-B cable</li> </ul> <h2 id="accessories">Accessories and Related Products</h2> <hr> <p> <div class="product-row"> <div class="product-container text-center"> <a href="/products/ito-glass-substrates-unpatterned"> <img class="product-image img-responsive" width="189.583" height="189.583" loading="lazy" src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/ito-glass-substrate-unpatterned-15x20mm.jpg?v=1726573246&width=190" alt="ITO Glass Substrates (Unpatterned)" /> <p class="h4 word-wrap product-name">ITO Glass Substrates (Unpatterned)</p><span class="product-min-price product-price">From $137</span> </a> </div> <div class="product-container text-center"> <a href="/products/fto-glass-unpatterned"> <img class="product-image img-responsive" width="189.583" height="189.583" loading="lazy" src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/TEC-8-FTO-glass-2.2mm.jpg?v=1718717752&width=190" alt="FTO Glass Substrates (Unpatterned)" /> <p class="h4 word-wrap product-name">FTO Glass Substrates (Unpatterned)</p><span class="product-min-price product-price">From $221</span> </a> </div> <div class="product-container text-center"> <a href="/products/pv-substrates"> <img class="product-image img-responsive" width="189.583" height="189.583" loading="lazy" src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/ito-glass-substrates-20-x-15.png?v=1729078136&width=190" alt="ITO Glass Substrates, 20 x 15 mm, PV and OLED" /> <p class="h4 word-wrap product-name">ITO Glass Substrates, 20 x 15 mm, PV and OLED</p><span class="product-min-price product-price">Price $338</span> </a> </div> <div class="product-container text-center"> <a href="/products/interdigitated-ito-ofet-substrates"> <img class="product-image img-responsive" width="189.583" height="189.583" loading="lazy" src="//www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/ito_ofet_substrates_interdigitated_constant_length.jpg?v=1726657735&width=190" alt="ITO Glass Substrates, 20 x 15 mm, OFET and Sensing" /> <p class="h4 word-wrap product-name">ITO Glass Substrates, 20 x 15 mm, OFET and Sensing</p><span class="product-min-price product-price">From $137</span> </a> </div> </div> </p> <h2 id="resources">Resources and Support</h2> <hr> <div class="tile-container"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/four-point-probe-measurement-guide" data-mce-href="/pages/four-point-probe-measurement-guide"><img src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/2024-Four-Point-Probe-Product-Image.png?width=160&height=160&crop-center" loading="lazy" height="160" alt="How to Measure Sheet Resistance using a Four-Point Probe" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/2024-Four-Point-Probe-Product-Image.png?width=160&height=160&crop-center"></a> <a href="/pages/four-point-probe-measurement-guide" data-mce-href="/pages/four-point-probe-measurement-guide"> How to Measure Sheet Resistance using a Four-Point Probe</a> <p>This guide gives an overview of how to use the Ossila Four-Point Probe System, as well as some general tips and tricks for measuring sheet resistance.</p> <a href="/pages/four-point-probe-measurement-guide" data-mce-href="/pages/four-point-probe-measurement-guide">Read more...</a> </div> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/sheet-resistance-theory" data-mce-href="/pages/sheet-resistance-theory"><img src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Calculate_Sheet_Resistance_Using_the_Four-Probe_Method-04.svg?v=1680003070" loading="lazy" height="160" alt="Calculate Sheet Resistance Using the Four-Probe Method" data-mce-src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Calculate_Sheet_Resistance_Using_the_Four-Probe_Method-04.svg?v=1680003070"></a> <a href="/pages/sheet-resistance-theory" data-mce-href="/pages/sheet-resistance-theory"> Calculate Sheet Resistance Using the Four-Probe Method</a> <p>This guide explains the theory behind sheet resistance, an electrical property of thin films of materials, and demonstrates how the four-probe method can be used to measure it.</p> <a href="/pages/sheet-resistance-theory" data-mce-href="/pages/sheet-resistance-theory">Read more...</a> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div>  <aside id="sidebar-left" class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-sm-pull-9 col-md-pull-8 no-padding sidebar"> <div class="col-xs-12 no-padding"> <section> <div id="sidebar-trust-ossila"> <a href="/pages/about"> <div class="alert-sidebar alert-sidebar-title"> The Ossila Guarantee </div> <div class="alert-sidebar alert-sidebar-content text-left"> <div id="alert-sidebar-clipboard-box-guarantee" class="alert-sidebar-product-or-guide-box alert-sidebar-clipboard-box"> <ul><li>Worldwide Shipping</li><li>Fast Secure Dispatch</li><li>Quality Assured</li><li>Clear Upfront Pricing</li><li>Large Order Discounts</li><li>Expert Support</li></ul> <p class="text-small hyperlink-style">Read more...</p> </div> <div class="alert-sidebar-clipboard-image"><img width="35" height="35" 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document.getElementById('quantity').value : 1; const variantPrice = variant.price / 100 || 0; let variantSku = variant.sku || 'None'; window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'change_variant', ecommerce: { currency: 'USD', value: variantPrice * itemQuantity, items: [ { item_id: variantSku.replace(/['"]+/g, ''), item_name: 'Four-Point Probe', item_variant: variantTitle, item_category: 'Test & Measurement', currency: 'USD', price: variantPrice, quantity: itemQuantity }, ], }, }); } } catch (e) { console.log(`GA4 ${e}`); } } // Update quantity field and total value when quantity is changed if (document.getElementById('quantity')) { document.getElementById('quantity').addEventListener('change', () => { try { const itemQuantity = document.getElementById('quantity') ? document.getElementById('quantity').value : 1; let itemPrice = 0; if (window.google_tag_manager) { if (window.google_tag_manager[gtmContainerId]) { if (window.google_tag_manager[gtmContainerId].dataLayer.get('ecommerce.items.0.price')) { itemPrice = window.google_tag_manager[gtmContainerId].dataLayer.get('ecommerce.items.0.price'); } } } if (itemQuantity && itemPrice) { window.dataLayer.push({ // Quantity changed ecommerce: { value: itemPrice * itemQuantity, items: [ { quantity: itemQuantity }, ], }, }); } } catch (e) { console.log(`GA4 ${e}`); } }); } // Listen for add to cart for submissions and trigger add_to_cart events if (document.getElementById('add-item-form')) { document.getElementById('add-item-form').addEventListener('submit', () => { try { // Add to cart form can also point to contact page, action changed by product JS if (document.getElementById('add-item-form').action.includes('/cart/add')) { window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'add_to_cart' // ecommerce value, currency, and items set by callback function on variant change }); } } catch (e) { console.log(`GA4 ${e}`); } }); } // Matomo Tracking var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; // Collection page view for ecommerce trackiong // Product views for ecommerce tracking _paq.push(['setEcommerceView', "T2001A5", // (Required) productSKU "Four-Point Probe", // (Optional) productName ["Equipment"], // (Optional) categoryName 1700.0 // (Optional) price ]); // Cart view for ecommerce tracking // Track quote requests as ecommerce conversions _paq.push(['disableCookies']); // Disable all cookies _paq.push(['enableJSErrorTracking']); // Track JS errors _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); // tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['trackAllContentImpressions']); (function() { var u="https://ossila.matomo.cloud/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src='https://cdn.matomo.cloud/ossila.matomo.cloud/matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); // ES6 compatibility check (function(){function n(){return typeof Promise!="undefined"&&typeof Symbol=="function"&&typeof Symbol("test")=="symbol"&&typeof Array.from!="undefined"&&typeof Object.assign!="undefined"&&typeof Map!="undefined"&&typeof Set!="undefined"}document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){if(!n()){var e=document.getElementById("unsupported-browser-message");e&&(e.style.display="block")}});})(); </script>

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Four-Point Probe | Resistivity & Conductivity Measurement | Ossila