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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_contact_and_Christianization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_contact_and_Christianization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>European contact and Christianization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_contact_and_Christianization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Cruise_of_the_Janet_Nichol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Cruise_of_the_Janet_Nichol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>The Cruise of the Janet Nichol</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Cruise_of_the_Janet_Nichol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Niutao</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Ніўтао – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ніўтао" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao_Island" title="Niutao Island – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Niutao Island" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="نیوتائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیوتائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%9A%B0%ED%83%80%EC%98%A4%EC%84%AC" title="니우타오섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니우타오섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="ნიუტაო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუტაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Ниутао – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ниутао" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AA%E5%B3%B6" title="ニウタオ島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニウタオ島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Ниутао – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ниутао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Ніутао – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніутао" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88" title="نیوتاو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوتاو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutao" title="Niutao – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Niutao" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E9%99%B6%E5%B3%B6" title="紐陶島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="紐陶島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q475219#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Niutao" title="View the content 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Niutao&params=06_06_30_S_177_20_29_E_region:TV_type:isle_source:ruwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">06°06′30″S</span> <span class="longitude">177°20′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.10833°S 177.34139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.10833; 177.34139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Reef island and one of nine districts of Tuvalu</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Reef Island in Tuvalu</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Niutao</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">Reef</a> Island</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niutao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite image of Niutao"><img alt="Satellite image of Niutao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Niutao.jpg/250px-Niutao.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Niutao.jpg/375px-Niutao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Niutao.jpg/500px-Niutao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="984" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Satellite image of Niutao</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niutao_2022.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the island"><img alt="Map of the island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Niutao_2022.png/250px-Niutao_2022.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Niutao_2022.png/375px-Niutao_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Niutao_2022.png/500px-Niutao_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4088" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the island</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuvalu_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niutao is located in Tuvalu"><img alt="Niutao is located in Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tuvalu_location_map.svg/250px-Tuvalu_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tuvalu_location_map.svg/375px-Tuvalu_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tuvalu_location_map.svg/500px-Tuvalu_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="673" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.181%;left:36.475%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Niutao"><img alt="Niutao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Niutao</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Tuvalu</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Niutao&params=06_06_30_S_177_20_29_E_region:TV_type:isle_source:ruwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">06°06′30″S</span> <span class="longitude">177°20′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.10833°S 177.34139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.10833; 177.34139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.53 km<sup>2</sup> (0.98 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2017)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">582</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">230/km<sup>2</sup> (600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">TV-NIT</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Niutao</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a> island in the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MAP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ANCn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANCn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the nine districts (islands) of Tuvalu. It is also one of the three districts that consist of only one island — not counting the three islets inside the closed lagoon. Niutao has a population of 582 (2017 census).<sup id="cite_ref-C2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two lakes (ponds or lagoons), which are brackish to saline. The larger has three islands and a dam. There are three wells in which fresher water sits in a "lens" above the salt water that leaches in through the coral. Older maps show the only village as Tuapa (with the neighbourhood of Angafoulua). The main village is <a href="/wiki/Kulia" title="Kulia">Kulia</a>; another village is Teava. There is a <a href="/wiki/Maneaba" title="Maneaba">maneapa</a> (community hall), Uepele Primary School, a church named <i>Tineifale</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Tuvalu" title="Church of Tuvalu">Church of Tuvalu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a post office, and three wells. A gravel road rings the island to connect the graveyard, half mile (800 m) counter clockwise from the village, and clockwise a quarter of a mile (400 m) to the hospital. The island is somewhat a horizontal oval which has a length of about one mile (1.6 km). Vegetation is abundant but of very limited variety. Main food staples are <a href="/wiki/Pulaka" title="Pulaka">pulaka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyrtosperma_merkusii" title="Cyrtosperma merkusii">Cyrtosperma merkusii</a>) or <i>swamp taro</i> that is grown in the pits; <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandanus" title="Pandanus">pandanus</a> is also cultivated. A fringing <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a> surrounds the whole island, which makes local fishing and transport into and out of the island difficult. </p><p>In March 2015 Niutao suffered damage to houses, crops and infrastructure as the result of storm surges caused by <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Pam" title="Cyclone Pam">Cyclone Pam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RW30_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW30-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO04_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO04-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niutaoans believe that their ancestors came from <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> in the 12th or 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Niutaon mythology tells the story of the people who first inhabited Niutao: "The first inhabitants of Niutao were half spirit and half human beings who lived at Mulitefao. Their leader was Kulu who took the form of a woman. The first human settlers came from Samoa in a canoe captained by a man called Mataika. He settled at Tamana on the eastern side of the island, where winds swept the spray of the surf over the reef."<sup id="cite_ref-NN8_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NN8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century warriors from <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> were defeated in a battle on the reef of Niutao at a place known as <i>Tāga A Kaupapa</i>. Tongan warriors also invaded Niutao later in the 15th century and again were repelled. A third invasion of Tongan warriors occurred in the late 16th century; with a fourth following when the Tongans were defeated at a place called <i>Tekamaitoga</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 17th century warriors invaded from the islands of <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> on two occasions. These battles were fought on the reef; the <a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati">I-Kiribati</a> stood at <i>Tuteatua</i> and the Niutaoan warriors stood at <i>Agaia</i>; the sacred place named <i>Teititapalua</i> identifies the site of these battles.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 17th century fighting occurred in Niutao between competing leaders, with the followers of the defeated leaders being forced off Niutao and were allowed to settle on <a href="/wiki/Nanumea" title="Nanumea">Nanumea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niutao is part of a distinct linguistic area of Tuvalu, that includes the islands of <a href="/wiki/Nanumea" title="Nanumea">Nanumea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanumaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanumaga">Nanumaga</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuvaluan_Te_'gana_Tūvalu_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuvaluan_Te_'gana_Tūvalu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_contact_and_Christianization">European contact and Christianization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European contact and Christianization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been some debate as to the first European (<a href="/wiki/Palagi" title="Palagi">Palagi</a>) to visit Niutao, Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) solved what Europeans described as <i>The 'Mystery' of Gran Cocal</i> and identified <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> naval officer <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Antonio_Mourelle" title="Francisco Antonio Mourelle">Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa</a> as sailing past Niutao on May 5, 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers_&_Munro_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chambers_&_Munro-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laumua Kofe (1983)<sup id="cite_ref-Laumua_Kofe_1983_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laumua_Kofe_1983-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accepted Chambers and Munro's conclusions, with Kofe describing Mourelle's ship <i>La Princesa</i>, as waiting beyond the reef, with Nuitaoans coming out in canoes, bringing some coconuts with them. <i>La Princesa</i> was short of supplies but Mourelle was forced to sail on — naming Niutao, <i>El Gran Cocal</i> ('The Great Coconut Plantation').<sup id="cite_ref-Laumua_Kofe_1983_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laumua_Kofe_1983-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next European recorded as sighting Niutao was <a href="/wiki/Obed_Starbuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Obed Starbuck">Obed Starbuck</a>, a whaling captain, who visited Niutao on the <i>Loper</i> in 1825,<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers_&_Munro_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chambers_&_Munro-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> naming it 'Loper Island'.<sup id="cite_ref-HEMaude86_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEMaude86-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presumably this was on November 19 and or November 20, 1825.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charlie Douglas was an early trader on Niutao in the 1850s.<sup id="cite_ref-Doug_Munro_1987_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doug_Munro_1987-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a> of Niutao began in 1861, with the first introduction by the traders Mr Tom and Mr Jack with the help of Mr Ah Fong and Mr Tong. Mose, from <a href="/wiki/Vaitupu" title="Vaitupu">Vaitupu</a>, helped persuade the chiefs and people of Niutao to accept Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first preachers were a <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoan</a> missionary and a <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuean</a> missionary.<sup id="cite_ref-LC12_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC12-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tapumanaia Kitiona was the Samoan missionary on Niutao who arrived in 1865 after graduating from <a href="/wiki/Malua" title="Malua">Malua Theological College</a> in Samoa.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Reverend Archibald Wright Murray, of the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a>, visited in 1866. Murray reported that a <a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">blackbirder</a> (a slave ship seeking to kidnap workers to mine the <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> deposits on the <a href="/wiki/Chincha_Islands" title="Chincha Islands">Chincha Islands</a> in Peru)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had called but no islanders were taken by the blackbirders because of the actions of McKenzie, the resident trader.<sup id="cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newton_1967-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1870, Tapu of <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> and Sione of <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, two teachers from the Samoa Fono Tele (General Assembly of Samoan Churches) were delivered to Niutao by the Reverend Samuel James Whitmee.<sup id="cite_ref-Laumua_Kofe_1983_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laumua_Kofe_1983-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navy ships known to have visited Niutao in the 19th century are: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Basilisk_(1848)" title="HMS Basilisk (1848)"><i>HMS Basilisk</i></a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Moresby" title="John Moresby">John Moresby</a> (July 1872);<sup id="cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newton_1967-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Emerald_(1876)" title="HMS Emerald (1876)"><i>HMS Emerald</i></a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Maxwell_(Royal_Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Maxwell (Royal Navy)"> William Maxwell</a> (1881);<sup id="cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munro_1987-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royalist_(1883)" title="HMS Royalist (1883)"><i>HMS Royalist</i></a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/Edward_H._M._Davis" title="Edward H. M. Davis">Edward Davis</a> (1892); and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Curacoa_(1878)" title="HMS Curacoa (1878)">HMS <i>Curacoa</i></a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/Herbert_William_Sumner_Gibson" title="Herbert William Sumner Gibson">Herbert Gibson</a> (1892). Captain Davis of the <i>Royalist</i>, reported Niutao as exporting about 50 tons of <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> each year — in a good season.<sup id="cite_ref-JRdd_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRdd-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Palagi" title="Palagi">Palagi</a> copra traders known to have been resident on Niutao are: Charlie Douglas (1850s);<sup id="cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munro_1987-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mr Tom, Mr Jack, Mr Ah Fong and Mr Tong (c. 1861);<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mr McKenzie (c. 1866);<sup id="cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newton_1967-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George Winchcombe (c. 1876-1880);<sup id="cite_ref-DAG_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAG-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George Westbrook (1880s);<sup id="cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munro_1987-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jack O'Brien (c. 1880s);<sup id="cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munro_1987-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckland" title="Jack Buckland">Jack Buckland</a> (c. 1892);<sup id="cite_ref-JRdd_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRdd-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Whibley" title="Fred Whibley">Fred Whibley</a> (May/June 1898 to c. 1911).<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Cruise_of_the_Janet_Nichol"><i>The Cruise of the Janet Nichol</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Cruise of the Janet Nichol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Janet Nicoll</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand,<sup id="cite_ref-Flude_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flude-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which operated between Sydney, Auckland and into the central Pacific. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a> was in Sydney, Australia in April 1890, looking for a ship to travel into the central Pacific; he and his wife <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Vandegrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanny Vandegrift">Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson</a>, and her son <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Osbourne" title="Lloyd Osbourne">Lloyd Osbourne</a> sailed on the <i>Janet Nicoll</i>. From 29 May to 2 June 1890 the <i>Janet Nicoll</i> anchored off Niutao to take on <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a>. An account of the voyage was written by Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and published under the title <i>The Cruise of the Janet Nichol</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A passenger on the ship was <a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckland" title="Jack Buckland">Jack Buckland</a>, who later returned to Niutao to be the resident copra trader. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cargo_landing_on_Niutao_Island,_Tuvalu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cargo_landing_on_Niutao_Island%2C_Tuvalu.JPG/250px-Cargo_landing_on_Niutao_Island%2C_Tuvalu.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cargo_landing_on_Niutao_Island%2C_Tuvalu.JPG/375px-Cargo_landing_on_Niutao_Island%2C_Tuvalu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cargo_landing_on_Niutao_Island%2C_Tuvalu.JPG/500px-Cargo_landing_on_Niutao_Island%2C_Tuvalu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>Landing cargo on the reef at Niutao</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Niutaons financed the building of a church which was designed and built by Mr Foster Wesley and his assistant Lifuka Falakai from Vaiputo, with skilled Niutaons also working on the church. Building began in April 1915 and was completed in about September 1919. The service of dedication was led by Pastor Panapa of Samoa and the church was named <i>Tineifale</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ernest Tanumafili Allen, son of Captain Ernest Frederick Hughes Allen of the Samoa Shipping Trading Co Ltd, recalled in his memoir that his firm was involved in the building of the church. Part payment of $4,000 of the costs of the church was being delivered to the ship <i>Dawn</i> off Niutao. The money, mostly <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_(British_coin)" title="Sovereign (British coin)">gold sovereigns</a>, was in a small box, the lid secured by <a href="/wiki/Sinnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinnet">sinnet</a> string; as the box was being passed from the canoe to the ship it was turned upside down and the coins fell into the sea. Immediately a further collection was carried out, which yielded $3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-NN8_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NN8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Children_of_Niutao_Island.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Children_of_Niutao_Island.JPG/250px-Children_of_Niutao_Island.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Children_of_Niutao_Island.JPG/375px-Children_of_Niutao_Island.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Children_of_Niutao_Island.JPG/500px-Children_of_Niutao_Island.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>Children on Niutao</figcaption></figure> <p>Niutao Post Office opened around 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Post_Office_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post_Office-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919 a new <i>Fale Kaupule</i> (community hall) was built, which was named <i>Fetu Afiafi</i>. The anointing slab or stone of the Chiefs of Malaefono was moved into the <i>Fale Kaupule</i>; this stone was the symbol of authority, dignity, honour and peace. The <i>paletua</i> (seat) of the Chief Kaupule or <i>Fogauli</i> was made out of <i>pukavai</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pisonia_grandis" title="Pisonia grandis">Pisonia grandis</a>) timber by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Whibley" title="Fred Whibley">Fred Whibley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The construction of a primary school began in early 1951 and was opened on 21 July 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIM1955-3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIM1955-3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school was named “Whibley Memorial School” by the Paramount Chiefs as <a href="/wiki/Fred_Whibley" title="Fred Whibley">Fred Whibley</a> (trader resident on Niutao from 1898 to circa 1911) had encouraged education. The first teacher was Pulekai Alofa Sogivalu, with a class of 40 pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959 the <i>Fale Kaupule</i> (community hall) was reconstructed under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Fiatau_Penitala_Teo" title="Fiatau Penitala Teo">Fiatau Penitala Teo</a> and the builder Pese Kaitu, and the building was renamed <i>Fetu Afiafi 2</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961 <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Koch" title="Gerd Koch">Gerd Koch</a>, a German anthropologist, recorded songs and filmed life on Niutao.<sup id="cite_ref-Canoe_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canoe-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koch returned to Niutao in 1996, where he met islanders who were children when he visited in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-SPGK_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPGK-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964 the Island Councils of Tuvalu were restructured so as to consist of a President, Vice-President and three councillors elected by the people of each island. In 1979 the central government reformed the Council of Chiefs of each island. From the late 18th century the two Paramount Chiefs of Niutao were leaders of the districts of Teitieva and Malaefono.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the changes to the role of the Council of Chiefs, the Paramount Chiefs of the districts of Teitieva and Malaefono unanimously agreed that: “There should be one Paramount Chief elected from the two domains. Each domain should then elect two other members. These five members would form the new Council of Chiefs.”<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council of Chiefs works with the <i><a href="/wiki/Falekaupule" title="Falekaupule">Falekaupule</a></i> on the management of communal activities. The Council of Chiefs maintains its right, in accordance with traditions and customs, to exercise power in matters affecting the social life of the community.<sup id="cite_ref-PAS_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 Mauatu Teponga was elected chief.<sup id="cite_ref-MP_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newton (1967)<sup id="cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newton_1967-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estimated that the early 19th century population of Niutao was about 450 people, with these estimates derived from reports of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> visitors to Niutao: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rev. Archibald Wright Murray 1866</th> <th>Rev. Samuel James Whitmee 1870<sup id="cite_ref-JCC_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCC-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Moresby" title="John Moresby">John Moresby</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Wyatt_Gill" title="William Wyatt Gill">Rev. Gill</a> 1872 </th></tr> <tr> <td>700</td> <td>360</td> <td>417</td> <td>417 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Probable overestimate</td> <td>100 on other islands</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Missionary visitor</td> <td>Missionary visitor</td> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Basilisk_(1848)" title="HMS Basilisk (1848)"><i>HMS Basilisk</i></a></td> <td>Missionary visitor </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1949, people from overpopulated Niutao settled on <a href="/wiki/Niulakita" title="Niulakita">Niulakita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Official sources of the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> of population, listed the village of <a href="/wiki/Kulia" title="Kulia">Kulia</a> (pop. 224) and the village of Teava (pop. 439). The 2012 census, listed the village of <a href="/wiki/Kulia" title="Kulia">Kulia</a> (pop. 200) and the village of Teava (pop. 406).<sup id="cite_ref-C2012_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu recorded census results:<sup id="cite_ref-C2012_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>1979 Census</th> <th>1985 Census</th> <th>1991 Census</th> <th>2002 Census</th> <th>2012 Census</th> <th>2017 Census </th></tr> <tr> <td>866</td> <td>904</td> <td>749</td> <td>854</td> <td>606</td> <td>582 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Census Monograph on Migration, Urbanization and Youth provides an analysis of the 2012 census and reported: Niutao and other northern islands had relatively high net migration losses, with most being internal migrants to <a href="/wiki/Funafuti" title="Funafuti">Funafuti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CMMUY_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMMUY-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Feleti Teo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sa%27aga_Talu_Teafa" title="Sa'aga Talu Teafa">Sa'aga Talu Teafa</a> were elected in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Tuvaluan_general_election" title="2024 Tuvaluan general election">2024 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ-24-1-27_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ-24-1-27-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PDV-24-1-30_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDV-24-1-30-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>Niutao constituency results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#C0C0C0;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Feleti Teo</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_confirmed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Symbol_confirmed.svg/16px-Symbol_confirmed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Symbol_confirmed.svg/24px-Symbol_confirmed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Symbol_confirmed.svg/32px-Symbol_confirmed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right">581 </td> <td style="text-align:right">46.40 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#C0C0C0;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sa%27aga_Talu_Teafa" title="Sa'aga Talu Teafa">Sa'aga Talu Teafa</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_confirmed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Symbol_confirmed.svg/16px-Symbol_confirmed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Symbol_confirmed.svg/24px-Symbol_confirmed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Symbol_confirmed.svg/32px-Symbol_confirmed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right">499 </td> <td style="text-align:right">39.85 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#C0C0C0;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">Nonpartisan</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Samuelu_Teo" title="Samuelu Teo">Samuelu Teo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">172 </td> <td style="text-align:right">13.74 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Fiatau_Penitala_Teo" title="Fiatau Penitala Teo">Fiatau Penitala Teo</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">GCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Service_Order" title="Imperial Service Order">ISO</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">MBE</a></span></span> (1911–1986), Appointed Chief in the House of Chiefs of Niutao in 1945; appointed as the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Tuvalu">Governor General of Tuvalu</a> on independence from Great Britain on 1 October 1978; reappointed as a Chief on 29 June 1997.</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Tomu_Sione" title="Tomu Sione">Tomu Sione</a>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">GCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">OBE</a></span></span> (1941– 2016) former <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Tuvalu">Governor General of Tuvalu</a> and subsequently Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tuvalu" title="Parliament of Tuvalu">Parliament of Tuvalu</a>; he represented the constituency in the parliament until the <a href="/wiki/2010_Tuvaluan_general_election" title="2010 Tuvaluan general election">2010 Tuvaluan general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LC12_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC12-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavau_Teii" title="Tavau Teii">Tavau Teii</a>, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Natural Resources in the Government of Tuvalu, he represented the constituency in the parliament until the <a href="/wiki/2010_Tuvaluan_general_election" title="2010 Tuvaluan general election">2010 Tuvaluan general election</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><small><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/48px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/64px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tuvalu" title="Portal:Tuvalu">Tuvalu portal</a></small></b></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MAP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MAP_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapsland.com/oceania/tuvalu">"Maps of Tuvalu"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maps+of+Tuvalu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsland.com%2Foceania%2Ftuvalu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANCn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ANCn_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>British Admiralty Nautical Chart 766 Ellice Islands</i> (1893 ed.). United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO). 21 March 1872.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Admiralty+Nautical+Chart+766+Ellice+Islands&rft.edition=1893&rft.pub=United+Kingdom+Hydrographic+Office+%28UKHO%29&rft.date=1872-03-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C2012_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C2012_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C2012_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/Tuvalu.html">"Population of communities in Tuvalu"</a>. Thomas Brinkhoff. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+communities+in+Tuvalu&rft.pub=Thomas+Brinkhoff&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2FTuvalu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAS_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSogivalu,_Pulekau_A.1992" class="citation book cs1">Sogivalu, Pulekau A. (1992). <i>A Brief History of Niutao</i>. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/982-02-0058-X" title="Special:BookSources/982-02-0058-X"><bdi>982-02-0058-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Niutao&rft.pub=Institute+of+Pacific+Studies%2C+University+of+the+South+Pacific&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=982-02-0058-X&rft.au=Sogivalu%2C+Pulekau+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RW30-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RW30_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/tuvalu/tuvalu-tropical-cyclone-pam-situation-report-no-2-30-march-2015">"Tuvalu: Tropical Cyclone Pam Situation Report No. 2 (as of 30 March 2015)"</a>. Relief Web. 30 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuvalu%3A+Tropical+Cyclone+Pam+Situation+Report+No.+2+%28as+of+30+March+2015%29&rft.pub=Relief+Web&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Ftuvalu%2Ftuvalu-tropical-cyclone-pam-situation-report-no-2-30-march-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO04-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO04_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/tuvalu/tuvalu-situation-update-3-april-2015">"Tuvalu situation update: Securing health from disastrous impacts of cyclone Pam in Tuvalu"</a>. Relief Web/World health Organisation – Western Pacific Region. 3 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuvalu+situation+update%3A+Securing+health+from+disastrous+impacts+of+cyclone+Pam+in+Tuvalu&rft.pub=Relief+Web%2FWorld+health+Organisation+%E2%80%93+Western+Pacific+Region&rft.date=2015-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Ftuvalu%2Ftuvalu-situation-update-3-april-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NN8-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NN8_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NN8_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNalu_Nia1983" class="citation book cs1">Nalu Nia (1983). "Chapter 8, Niutao". In Hugh Laracy (ed.). <i>Tuvalu: A History</i>. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%2C+Niutao&rft.btitle=Tuvalu%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Institute+of+Pacific+Studies%2C+University+of+the+South+Pacific+and+Government+of+Tuvalu&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Nalu+Nia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuvaluan_Te_'gana_Tūvalu-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tuvaluan_Te_'gana_Tūvalu_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuvaluan.htm">"Tuvaluan (Te 'gana Tūvalu)"</a>. Omniglot<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuvaluan+%28Te+%27gana+T%C5%ABvalu%29&rft.pub=Omniglot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Ftuvaluan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/country/TV/languages%7ctitle=Tuvalu%7cwork=Ethnologue">"Tuvalu"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Tuvalu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FTV%2Flanguages%257ctitle%3DTuvalu%257cwork%3DEthnologue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers_&_Munro-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chambers_&_Munro_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chambers_&_Munro_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith_S._Chambers_&_Doug_Munro1980" class="citation book cs1">Keith S. Chambers & Doug Munro (1980). <i><span></span></i>The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu<i><span></span></i>. 89(2) (1980) The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 167-198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Gran+Cocal%3A+European+Discovery+and+Mis-Discovery+in+Tuvalu&rft.pub=89%282%29+%281980%29+The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society%2C+167-198&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Keith+S.+Chambers+%26+Doug+Munro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laumua_Kofe_1983-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Laumua_Kofe_1983_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laumua_Kofe_1983_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laumua_Kofe_1983_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaumua_Kofe1983" class="citation book cs1">Laumua Kofe (1983). <i><span></span></i>Tuvalu: A History, Ch 15, 'Palagi and Pastors'<i><span></span></i>. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tuvalu%3A+A+History%2C+Ch+15%2C+%27Palagi+and+Pastors&rft.pub=Institute+of+Pacific+Studies%2C+University+of+the+South+Pacific+and+Government+of+Tuvalu&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Laumua+Kofe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HEMaude86-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HEMaude86_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaude1986" class="citation web cs1">Maude, H.E. (November 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_70_1961/Volume_70,_No._1/Post-Spanish_discoveries_in_the_central_Pacific,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_67-111/p1">"Post-Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific"</a>. 70 (1) The Journal of the Polynesian Society. pp. 67–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post-Spanish+Discoveries+in+the+Central+Pacific&rft.pages=67-111&rft.pub=70+%281%29+The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.date=1986-11&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=H.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jps.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2FVolume_70_1961%2FVolume_70%2C_No._1%2FPost-Spanish_discoveries_in_the_central_Pacific%2C_by_H._E._Maude%2C_p_67-111%2Fp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDehner2019" class="citation book cs1">Dehner, Steve (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LraODwAAQBAJ&q=niutao&pg=PA20"><i>THE ARMCHAIR NAVIGATOR I: Supplements to Post-Spanish Discoveries in The Pacific</i></a>. Bad Tattoo Inc. pp. 18–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+ARMCHAIR+NAVIGATOR+I%3A+Supplements+to+Post-Spanish+Discoveries+in+The+Pacific&rft.pages=18-21&rft.pub=Bad+Tattoo+Inc.&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Dehner&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLraODwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dniutao%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doug_Munro_1987-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doug_Munro_1987_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doug Munro, <i>The Lives and Times of Resident Traders in Tuvalu: An Exercise in History from Below</i>, (1987) 10(2) Pacific Studies 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LC12-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LC12_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC12_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorlew2012" class="citation web cs1">Corlew, Laura (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/101349/1/Corlew_Laura_r.pdf">"The cultural impacts of climate change: sense of place and sense of community in Tuvalu, a country threatened by sea level rise"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ph D dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ph+D+dissertation%2C+University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+at+M%C4%81noa&rft.atitle=The+cultural+impacts+of+climate+change%3A+sense+of+place+and+sense+of+community+in+Tuvalu%2C+a+country+threatened+by+sea+level+rise&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Corlew&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fbitstream%2F10125%2F101349%2F1%2FCorlew_Laura_r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tapulainternational.com/history">"Tapumanaia & Lasela - Their Life Of Service To The People, Church and Island Community"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tapumanaia+%26+Lasela+-+Their+Life+Of+Service+To+The+People%2C+Church+and+Island+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapulainternational.com%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Revised_Unabridged_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary">Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary</a></i>, published 1913 by C. & G. Merriam Co</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newton_1967-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newton_1967_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW.F._Newton1967" class="citation book cs1">W.F. Newton (1967). <i><span></span></i>The Early Population of the Ellice Islands<i><span></span></i>. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 197-204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Population+of+the+Ellice+Islands&rft.pub=The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society%2C+197-204&rft.date=1967&rft.au=W.F.+Newton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munro_1987-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munro_1987_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoug_Munro1987" class="citation book cs1">Doug Munro (1987). <i><span></span></i>The Lives and Times of Resident Traders In Tuvalu: An Exercise in History from Below<i><span></span></i>. 10(2) Pacific Studies 73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+and+Times+of+Resident+Traders+In+Tuvalu%3A+An+Exercise+in+History+from+Below&rft.pub=10%282%29+Pacific+Studies+73&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Doug+Munro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JRdd-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JRdd_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JRdd_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The proceedings of H.M.S. "Royalist", Captain E.H.M. Davis, R.N., May-August, 1892, in the Gilbert, Ellice and Marshall Islands</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+proceedings+of+H.M.S.+%22Royalist%22%2C+Captain+E.H.M.+Davis%2C+R.N.%2C+May-August%2C+1892%2C+in+the+Gilbert%2C+Ellice+and+Marshall+Islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAG-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAG_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Grove_Day1967" class="citation book cs1">A. Grove Day (1967). <i>Louis Becke</i>. Melbourne: Hill of Content. pp. 34 & 149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+Becke&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=34+%26+149&rft.pub=Hill+of+Content&rft.date=1967&rft.au=A.+Grove+Day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter of <a href="/wiki/George_Lewis_Becke" title="George Lewis Becke">George Lewis Becke</a> quoted by <a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener" title="James A. Michener">James A. Michener</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._Grove_Day" title="A. Grove Day">A. Grove Day</a>, Louis Becke, Adventurer and Writer, <i>Rascals in Paradise</i>, ch 8 (<a href="/wiki/Secker_%26_Warburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Secker & Warburg">Secker & Warburg</a> (1957))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Aris, <i>Fred Whibley and his family</i> (1966)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Janet Nicoll" is the correct spelling of trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney, Auckland and into the central Pacific. <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Van_de_Grift" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanny Van de Grift">Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson</a> miss-names the ship as the Janet Nicol in her account of the 1890 voyage, <i>The Cruise of the Janet Nichol</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flude-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flude_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~tonyf/CSL/"><i>The Circular Saw Shipping Line.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609213056/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~tonyf/CSL/">Archived</a> 2011-06-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Anthony G. Flude. 1993. (Chapter 7)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Cruise of the Janet Nichol among the South Sea Islands</i> A Diary by Mrs Robert Louis Stevenson (first published 1914), republished 2004, editor, Roslyn Jolly (U. of Washington Press/U. of New South Wales Press)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Post_Office-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Post_Office_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhoenix_Auctions_History" class="citation web cs1">Phoenix Auctions History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixauctions.com.au/cgi-bin/wsPhoenix.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=GE&filter=*Niutao*">"Post Office List"</a>. Phoenix Auctions<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post+Office+List&rft.pub=Phoenix+Auctions&rft.au=Phoenix+Auctions+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixauctions.com.au%2Fcgi-bin%2FwsPhoenix.sh%2FViewpocdwrapper.p%3FSortBy%3DGE%26filter%3D%2ANiutao%2A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIM1955-3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIM1955-3_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-319422459/view?partId=nla.obj-319572819#page/n74/mode/1up">"G. and E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XXV%288%29+Pacific+Islands+Monthly&rft.atitle=G.+and+E.+Education+%E2%80%93+Problems+Arising+From+Lack+of+English&rft.date=1955-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-319422459%2Fview%3FpartId%3Dnla.obj-319572819%23page%2Fn74%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canoe-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canoe_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maritima-et-mechanika.org/maritime/models/ellice/ellicecanoe.html">"Canoe from Niutao, Ellice Islands (Tuvalu)"</a>. 11 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canoe+from+Niutao%2C+Ellice+Islands+%28Tuvalu%29&rft.date=2008-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritima-et-mechanika.org%2Fmaritime%2Fmodels%2Fellice%2Fellicecanoe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPGK-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SPGK_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germananthropology.com/short-portrait/gerd-koch/233">"Short Portrait: Gerd Koch"</a>. Interviews with German anthropologists: The History of Federal German Anthropology post 1945. 20 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+Portrait%3A+Gerd+Koch&rft.pub=Interviews+with+German+anthropologists%3A+The+History+of+Federal+German+Anthropology+post+1945&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.germananthropology.com%2Fshort-portrait%2Fgerd-koch%2F233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MP-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MP_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIoane_Sitaake" class="citation web cs1">Ioane Sitaake. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niutao-museum.blogspot.com.au/p/news.html">"Te Ulu Aliki o Niutao 2016 / New Chief for the Island"</a>. Niutao Museum blogspot<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Te+Ulu+Aliki+o+Niutao+2016+%2F+New+Chief+for+the+Island&rft.pub=Niutao+Museum+blogspot&rft.au=Ioane+Sitaake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fniutao-museum.blogspot.com.au%2Fp%2Fnews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JCC-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JCC_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitmee1871" class="citation book cs1">Whitmee, Rev. Samuel James (1871). <i>A missionary cruise in the South Pacific: being the report of a voyage amongst the Tokelau, Ellice and Gilbert Islands, in the missionary barque "John Williams" during 1870</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tighar.org/wiki/Foua_Tofiga">the original</a> on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foua+Tofiga&rft.pub=tighar.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftighar.org%2Fwiki%2FFoua_Tofiga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMMUY-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMMUY_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424090931/http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/?publications=12319">"Tuvalu Population and Housing Census 2012: Migration, Urbanisation and Youth Monograph"</a>. Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu/University of Auckland, New Zealand/United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/?publications=12319">the original</a> on 24 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuvalu+Population+and+Housing+Census+2012%3A+Migration%2C+Urbanisation+and+Youth+Monograph&rft.pub=Central+Statistics+Department+%28CSD%29+of+Tuvalu%2FUniversity+of+Auckland%2C+New+Zealand%2FUnited+Nations+Population+Fund+%28UNFPA%29&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountryoffice.unfpa.org%2Fpacific%2F%3Fpublications%3D12319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ-24-1-27-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZ-24-1-27_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/pacific/507716/tuvalu-general-election-six-newcomers-in-parliament">"Tuvalu general election: Six newcomers in parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 29 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Tuvalu+general+election%3A+Six+newcomers+in+parliament&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpacific%2F507716%2Ftuvalu-general-election-six-newcomers-in-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDV-24-1-30-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PDV-24-1-30_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarinaccio2024" class="citation news cs1">Marinaccio, Jess (30 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devpolicy.org/2024-tuvalu-general-election-a-changing-political-landscape-20240130/">"Tuvalu's 2024 general election: a new political landscape"</a>. <i>PolicyDevBlog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolicyDevBlog&rft.atitle=Tuvalu%27s+2024+general+election%3A+a+new+political+landscape&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft.aulast=Marinaccio&rft.aufirst=Jess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevpolicy.org%2F2024-tuvalu-general-election-a-changing-political-landscape-20240130%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiutao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niutao&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christensen, Dieter, <i>Old Musical Styles in the Ellice Islands</i>, Western Polynesia, Ethnomusicology, 8:1 (1964), 34–40</li> <li>Christensen, Dieter and Gerd Koch, <i>Die Musik der Ellice-Inseln</i>, Berlin: Museum fur Volkerkunde (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Koch" title="Gerd Koch">Koch, Gerd</a>, <i>Songs of Tuvalu</i> (translated by Guy Slatter), Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9820203147" title="Special:BookSources/9820203147">9820203147</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9820203143" title="Special:BookSources/978-9820203143">978-9820203143</a></li> <li>Koch, Gerd, <i>Die Materielle Kulture der Ellice-Inseln</i>, Berlin: Museum fur Volkerkunde 1965) The English translation by Guy Slatter, was published as <i>The Material Culture of Tuvalu</i>, University of the South Pacific in Suva (1981) ASIN B0000EE805</li> <li>Pulekai A. Sogivalu, <i>Brief History of Niutao</i>, A, (1992) Published by the Institute of Pacific Studies. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/982020058X" title="Special:BookSources/982020058X">982020058X</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/200px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/300px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/400px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atolls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funafuti" title="Funafuti">Funafuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanumea" title="Nanumea">Nanumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nui_(atoll)" title="Nui (atoll)">Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukufetau" title="Nukufetau">Nukufetau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukulaelae" title="Nukulaelae">Nukulaelae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitupu" title="Vaitupu">Vaitupu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islets of Funafuti</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatuku" title="Amatuku">Amatuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalau" title="Avalau">Avalau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falaoigo" title="Falaoigo">Falaoigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fale_Fatu" title="Fale Fatu">Fale Fatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatato" title="Fatato">Fatato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fongafale" title="Fongafale">Fongafale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuafatu" title="Fuafatu">Fuafatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuagea" title="Fuagea">Fuagea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fualefeke" title="Fualefeke">Fualefeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fualopa" title="Fualopa">Fualopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funafala" title="Funafala">Funafala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funamanu" title="Funamanu">Funamanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luamotu" title="Luamotu">Luamotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateika" title="Mateika">Mateika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motugie" title="Motugie">Motugie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motuloa_(Funafuti)" title="Motuloa (Funafuti)">Motuloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulitefala" title="Mulitefala">Mulitefala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukusavalevale" title="Nukusavalevale">Nukusavalevale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Elise" title="Papa Elise">Papa Elise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Afuafou" title="Te Afuafou">Te Afuafou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Afualiku" title="Te Afualiku">Te Afualiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefala" title="Tefala">Tefala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telele" title="Telele">Telele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengasu" title="Tengasu">Tengasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepuka" title="Tepuka">Tepuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepuka_Vili_Vili" title="Tepuka Vili Vili">Tepuka Vili Vili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutanga" title="Tutanga">Tutanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasafua" title="Vasafua">Vasafua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islets of Nanumea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakena" title="Lakena">Lakena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefogaki" title="Lefogaki">Lefogaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatua_a_Taepoa" title="Teatua a Taepoa">Teatua a Taepoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temotufoliki" title="Temotufoliki">Temotufoliki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islets of Nui</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenua_Tapu" title="Fenua Tapu">Fenua Tapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telikiai" title="Telikiai">Telikiai</a> aka <a href="/wiki/Meang" class="mw-redirect" title="Meang">Meang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motupuakaka" title="Motupuakaka">Motupuakaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakantou" title="Pakantou">Pakantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piliaieve" title="Piliaieve">Piliaieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongalei" title="Pongalei">Pongalei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talalolae" title="Talalolae">Talalolae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokinivae" title="Tokinivae">Tokinivae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unimai" title="Unimai">Unimai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islets of Nukufetau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faiava_Lasi" title="Faiava Lasi">Faiava Lasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fale,_Tuvalu" title="Fale, Tuvalu">Fale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funaota" title="Funaota">Funaota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Loto_Lafanga" title="Kongo Loto Lafanga">Kongo Loto Lafanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafanga" title="Lafanga">Lafanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matanukulaelae" title="Matanukulaelae">Matanukulaelae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motufetau" title="Motufetau">Motufetau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motulalo" title="Motulalo">Motulalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motuloa_(north_of_Nukufetau)" title="Motuloa (north of Nukufetau)">Motuloa (north of Nukufetau)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motuloa_(south_of_Nukufetau)" title="Motuloa (south of Nukufetau)">Motuloa (south of Nukufetau)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motumua" title="Motumua">Motumua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niualuka" title="Niualuka">Niualuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuatui" title="Niuatui">Niuatui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oua" title="Oua">Oua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakalua" title="Sakalua">Sakalua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savave" title="Savave">Savave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teafatule" title="Teafatule">Teafatule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teafuaniua" title="Teafuaniua">Teafuaniua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teafuanonu" title="Teafuanonu">Teafuanonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teafuone" title="Teafuone">Teafuone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temotuloto" title="Temotuloto">Temotuloto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islets of Vaitupu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luasamotu" title="Luasamotu">Luasamotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Mosana" title="Isles of Mosana">Isles of Mosana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motutanifa" title="Motutanifa">Motutanifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temotu,_Tuvalu" title="Temotu, Tuvalu">Temotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Motu_Olepa" title="Te Motu Olepa">Te Motu Olepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofia" title="Tofia">Tofia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/16px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/24px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tuvalu" title="Portal:Tuvalu">Tuvalu portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475219#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475219#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475219#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150227878">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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