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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Snefnug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snefnug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snedriver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snedriver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Snedriver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snedriver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snedække" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snedække"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Snedække</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snedække-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Firn</span> </div> 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<span>Iskerne-forskning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iskerne-forskning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Glaciologi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 73 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="علم الجليد – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الجليد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciolox%C3%ADa" title="Glacioloxía – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Glacioloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qlyasiologiya" title="Qlyasiologiya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qlyasiologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гляцыялогія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гляцыялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гляцыялёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гляцыялёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Глациология – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глациология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्लेशियर बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ग्लेशियर बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="হিমবিদ্যা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিমবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologija" title="Glaciologija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Glaciologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologia" title="Glaciologia – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Glaciologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ADng-chu%C5%8Fng-h%C5%8Fk" title="Bĭng-chuŏng-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bĭng-chuŏng-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Glaciologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Гляциологи – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гляциологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhewlifeg" title="Rhewlifeg – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhewlifeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaziologie" title="Glaziologie – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Glaziologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Glaciology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologio" title="Glaciologio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glaciologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciolog%C3%ADa" title="Glaciología – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Glaciología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glatsioloogia" title="Glatsioloogia – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Glatsioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaziologia" title="Glaziologia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Glaziologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="یخچال‌شناسی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یخچال‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiologia" title="Glasiologia – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Glasiologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Glaciologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oigheareola%C3%ADocht" title="Oigheareolaíocht – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oigheareolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हिमानी विज्ञान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिमानी विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologija" title="Glaciologija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glaciologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciol%C3%B3gia" title="Glaciológia – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Glaciológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BC%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սառցադաշտաբանություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սառցադաշտաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Glasiologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6klafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Jöklafræði – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jöklafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologia" title="Glaciologia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Glaciologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E6%B0%B7%E5%AD%A6" title="雪氷学 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="雪氷学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გლაციოლოგია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გლაციოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гляциология – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гляциология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98%ED%95%99" title="빙하학 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빙하학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewlivieth" title="Rewlivieth – cornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rewlivieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гляциология – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гляциология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologia" title="Glaciologia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Glaciologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaziologie" title="Glaziologie – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Glaziologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletsjerk%C3%B3nde" title="Gletsjerkónde – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gletsjerkónde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologija" title="Glaciologija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Glaciologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciolo%C4%A3ija" title="Glacioloģija – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Glacioloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Glasiologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Glaciologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Glasiologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Glasiologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologia" title="Glaciologia – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Glaciologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗਲੇਸ਼ੀਅਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਲੇਸ਼ੀਅਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacjologia" title="Glacjologia – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Glacjologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologia" title="Glaciologia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Glaciologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologie" title="Glaciologie – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Glaciologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гляциология – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гляциология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologija" title="Glaciologija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Glaciologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ග්ලැසියර විද්‍යාව – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ග්ලැසියර විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Glaciology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciol%C3%B3gia" title="Glaciológia – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Glaciológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologija" title="Glaciologija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glaciologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologjia" title="Glaciologjia – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Glaciologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Глациологија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глациологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciologi" title="Glaciologi – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Glaciologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Пиряхшиносӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пиряхшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="วิทยาธารน้ำแข็ง – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาธารน้ำแข็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasyolohiya" title="Glasyolohiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Glasyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzul_bilimi" title="Buzul bilimi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buzul bilimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гляціологія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гляціологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasiologiya" title="Glasiologiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Glasiologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83ng_h%C3%A0_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Băng hà học – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Băng hà học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasyolohiya" title="Glasyolohiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Glasyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冰川学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გლაციოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გლაციოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰川学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-h%C3%B4-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Peng-hô-ha̍k – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-hô-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%B8" title="冰川學 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冰川學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52120#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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href="/wiki/Fil:Glacier.zermatt.arp.750pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Glacier.zermatt.arp.750pix.jpg/250px-Glacier.zermatt.arp.750pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Glacier.zermatt.arp.750pix.jpg/375px-Glacier.zermatt.arp.750pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Glacier.zermatt.arp.750pix.jpg/500px-Glacier.zermatt.arp.750pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Glaciologi</b> er <a href="/wiki/Videnskab" title="Videnskab">videnskaben</a> om naturligt forekommende <a href="/wiki/Is_(vand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Is (vand)">is</a> med alle dertil knyttede forhold, det vil sige ikke blot studiet af <a href="/wiki/Gletsjer" title="Gletsjer">gletsjere</a> (is i bevægelse), <a href="/wiki/Indlandsis" title="Indlandsis">indlandsis</a> (større vedvarende isdækker) og lignende men tillige af alle former for nedbør i fast form, af is i havet og i de ferske vande samt af <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> og de dertil knyttede former for is i jordbunden. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Snefnug">Snefnug</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Snefnug" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Snefnug"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iskrystaller dannes ved <a href="/wiki/Kondensationskerne" title="Kondensationskerne">sublimation</a> (kondensering) af vanddamp på faste partikler (lerpartikler eller iskrystaller, dannede ved frysning af underafkølede vanddråber).<sup id="cite_ref-Ly_42_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ly_42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De enkelte snekrystaller kan variere i størrelse fra under 1 mm til 5 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-Ly_44_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ly_44-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snekrystaller (snefnuggene) er sekskantede i deres opbygning og kan udvise et utal af former<sup id="cite_ref-Ly_43_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ly_43-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, til dels beroende på den <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperatur</a> og det damptryk hvor under de er dannede. På vej ned mod jordoverfladen passerer snekrystallerne luftlag med ulige temperatur og vanddampforhold, og disse påvirker snekrystallernes udseende. Jo lavere temperatur, desto mindre er krystallerne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Snedriver">Snedriver</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Snedriver" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Snedriver"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nedfalden sne kan omlejres ved vindbåren snefygning, herunder samles i snedriver. Sådanne kan efterfølgende udsættes for vindpåvirkning, blive vinderoderede og danne sneskavler og sastrugi, hvorved forstås skarpkantede overfladeformer i kold og tør sne dannede ved vinderosion og som regel med en længderetning, der afspejler vindretningen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Snedække"><span id="Sned.C3.A6kke"></span>Snedække</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Snedække" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Snedække"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Når sneen falder til jorden, danner den et porøst, gennemtrængeligt materiale af iskrystaller, idet snekrystallerne kan ligge som egne enheder eller klæbe sammen. Porerne mellem iskrystallerne er fyldte med luft og vanddamp, og i våd sne er iskrystallerne omgivet af en tynd vandhinde. </p><p>Nyfalden sne har en vægtfylde på 0,01-0,03, våd nysne på 0,1-0,2 og tætpakket sne en vægtfylde på 0,3-0,4. Sneen vil efterhånden skifte egenart, idet de enkelte snekrystaller bindes sammen og omkrystalliseres. </p><p>I store områder er snedække midlertidigt. I sådanne områder falder sneen, når temperaturen befinder sig ved eller under frysepunktet og bliver liggende, indtil temperaturen atter stiger. Så smelter snedækket og forvandles til smeltevand, som kan synke ned i jorden, strømme af eller fordampe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Firn">Firn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Firn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Firn"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sneens afsmeltning beror på flere forhold, og ikke al sne bortsmelter igen der, hvor den falder. Sne, der er mere end et år gammel, kaldes <i>firn</i><sup id="cite_ref-Fr_160_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fr_160-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og vil med tiden omdannes til <a href="/wiki/Is" title="Is">is</a>, der kendetegnes ved, at luft og vand ikke kan trænge igennem laget.<sup id="cite_ref-Fr_160_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fr_160-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Snelinje">Snelinje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Snelinje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Snelinje"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png/220px-Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png/330px-Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png/440px-Antarctic_shelf_ice_hg.png 2x" data-file-width="2834" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Diagram, der viser hvorledes pålejret is fra indlandsisens centrale områder flyder udad mod kanten, danner shelf-is og brækker af som isbjerge.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Image_Valley_Glacier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Image_Valley_Glacier.svg/220px-Image_Valley_Glacier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Image_Valley_Glacier.svg/330px-Image_Valley_Glacier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Image_Valley_Glacier.svg/440px-Image_Valley_Glacier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Diagram af dalgletsjer.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ved begrebet snelinje betegnes grænsen mellem områder, hvor sneen bliver liggende hele året uden at smelte, og områder, hvor sneen smelter væk.<sup id="cite_ref-Fr_159_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fr_159-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snelinjen adskiller således områder med ophobning og afsmeltning af sne, hvilket har betydning dels for områder med vedvarende snedække (fx <a href="/wiki/Indlandsis" title="Indlandsis">indlandsis</a>), dels for is i bevægelse (<a href="/wiki/Gletsjer" title="Gletsjer">gletsjere</a>). </p><p>Områder med vedvarende is- og snedække på over 50.000 <a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a> betegnes indlandsis, mens områder med is- og snedække under 50.000 km² kaldes <a href="/wiki/Iskappe" title="Iskappe">iskapper</a>. Som eksempel på iskapper kan nævnes <a href="/wiki/Vatnaj%C3%B6kull" title="Vatnajökull">Vatnajökull</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jostedalsbr%C3%A6en" title="Jostedalsbræen">Jostedalsbræen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sh_79_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sh_79-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Til trods for, at det is- og snedækkede areal ikke forandrer sig mærkbart, er sådanne områder ikke uden bevægelighed. Det forhold, at der vedvarende pålejres ny sne og dannes ny is, gør, at der foregår interne bevægelser fra isdækkets centrale dele mod dets randområder.<sup id="cite_ref-Fr_168_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fr_168-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse isbevægelser kan være velafgrænsede på grund af terrænforholdene og tage form som <a href="/wiki/Gletsjer" title="Gletsjer">gletsjere</a>. I visse tilfælde kan isen danne et større eller mindre fast isdække på havet. I så fald tales om <a href="/wiki/Shelfis" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelfis">shelf-is</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sh_79_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sh_79-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Når større isstykker fra sådanne isplader brækker af, danner de flydende <a href="/wiki/Isbjerg" title="Isbjerg">isbjerge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Også i tempererede områder kan sneen blive ophobet, hvis den befinder sig tilstrækkeligt højt oppe til, at temperaturen vedvarende befinder sig ved frysepunktet. Dette er fx tilfældet i <a href="/wiki/Alperne" title="Alperne">Alperne</a> og <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a>. Også i sådanne tilfælde vil vedvarende pålejring af sne og is føre til isens bevægelse mod lavere områder, det vil sige til gletsjere. Sådanne gletsjere kan være <i>dalgletsjere</i>, der er gletsjertunger, som fra et pålejringsområde strækker sig ned i en dal omgivet af klippesider. Den nederste del af dalgletsjeren betegnes <i>gletsjerfoden</i>. Såfremt gletsjeren på sin nedre del udvider sig betydeligt, tales om <i>piedmont-gletsjere</i>. Dette fænomen kan blandt andet optræde, hvis to dalgletsjere flyder sammen i lavlandet. Såfremt samme gletsjer udfylder to eller flere dalkomplekser, tales om <i>transection-gletsjere</i>. <i>Cirkus-gletsjere</i> udfylder en niche på en fjeldside.<sup id="cite_ref-Sh_79_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sh_79-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materialehusholdning">Materialehusholdning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Materialehusholdning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Materialehusholdning"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mass_balance_terms_(glaciology).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mass_balance_terms_%28glaciology%29.JPG/220px-Mass_balance_terms_%28glaciology%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mass_balance_terms_%28glaciology%29.JPG/330px-Mass_balance_terms_%28glaciology%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mass_balance_terms_%28glaciology%29.JPG/440px-Mass_balance_terms_%28glaciology%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>Materialehusholdning. Øverst akkumulation, nederst ablation. Den fuldt optrukne linje viser nettobalancen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ved materialehusholdning forstås studiet af tilførsel og tab af is samt den mængde is, der på et givet tidspunkt er bundet i indlandsisen, iskappen eller gletsjeren.<sup id="cite_ref-Fr_161_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fr_161-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denne materialehusholdning kan findes ved at måle sne- og istykkelsen og omregne den til vandmængder pr. arealenhed. Forskellen mellem tilførsel (akkumulation) og tab (ablation) betegnes som nettobudgettet. Som regel måles den årlige balance som balancen mellem to på hinanden følgende sommeroverflader i firnområdet. Et balanceår er således ikke nødvendigvis det samme som 365 dage. </p><p>Ablationen afhænger af forholdet mellem sneens eller isoverfladens modtagne og afgivne varme. Denne varme er selv betinget af overfladens karakter og de mikroklimatiske betingelser ved denne. Isoverfladen modtager varme ved: </p> <ol><li>kortbølget indstråling fra solen,</li> <li>langbølgestråling fra vanddamp og CO<sub>2</sub>,</li> <li>varmeledning fra luften,</li> <li>kondensering af vanddamp fra luften på overfladen,</li> <li>varmeledning på grund af nedsivende regn- og smeltevand.</li></ol> <p>Isoverfladen mister varme ved: </p> <ol><li>langbølget udstråling,</li> <li>varmeledning fra underliggende is til atmosfæren,</li> <li>konvektion (det, at luft eller væske bevæger sig op eller ned i forhold til sine omgivelser på grund af ændret massefylde som følge af opvarmning eller afkøling) til atmosfæren.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iskerne-forskning">Iskerne-forskning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Iskerne-forskning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Iskerne-forskning"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Iskerne" title="Iskerne">Iskerne</a></span></span></div> <p>Den kendsgerning, at isdækket i områder med vedvarende isdække lader sig inddele i lag, der afspejler de klimatiske vilkår på aflejringstidspunktet, udnyttes af moderne forskning til at belyse tidligere tiders klimatiske forhold. I <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn" title="København">København</a> forskes der i glaciologi af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is_og_Klima-gruppen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Is og Klima-gruppen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Is og Klima-gruppen</a> på <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr_Institutet" title="Niels Bohr Institutet">Niels Bohr Institutet</a> ved <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavns_Universitet" title="Københavns Universitet">Københavns Universitet</a>. Et af de redskaber, der bruges i glaciologien, er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iskerneboring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iskerneboring (ikke skrevet endnu)">iskerneboringer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Noter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ly_42-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ly_42_1-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lysgaard, s. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ly_44-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ly_44_2-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lysgaard, s. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ly_43-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ly_43_3-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lysgaard, s. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fr_160-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fr_160_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fr_160_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fristrup, s. 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fr_159-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fr_159_5-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fristrup, s. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sh_79-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sh_79_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sh_79_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sh_79_6-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharp, s. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fr_168-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fr_168_7-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fristrup, s. 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rink</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Danmarks Natur</i>, bind 10, s. 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fr_161-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fr_161_10-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fristrup, s. 161</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciologi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Fristrup" title="Børge Fristrup">Børge Fristrup</a>: "Klimatologi og glaciologi" (i: Arne Nørrevang, Torben J. Meyer og Steffen Christensen (red.): <i>Danmarks Natur</i> bind 10: Grønland og Færøerne; Politikens Forlag 1971; <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-567-1497-1" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-567-1497-1">87-567-1497-1</a>, s. 131-176)</li> <li>Leo Lysgaard: "Vejr og Klima" (i: Arne Nørrevang, Torben J. Meyer og Steffen Christensen (red.): <i>Danmarks Natur</i> bind 2: Klima og levevilkår; Politikens Forlag 1968; s. 11-134)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinrich_Rink" title="Hinrich Rink">Hinrich Rink</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tidsskrift.dk/geografisktidsskrift/article/view/48511/61474">"Om Indlandsisen og om Frembringelsen af de svømmende Isfjælde (efter de seneste Iagttagelser)"</a> (<i>Geografisk Tidsskrift</i>, Bind 1; 1877)</li> <li>Robert P. Sharp: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic9-1&2-78.pdf">"Glaciers in the Arctic" (<i>Arctic</i>, bind. 9, nr. 1 og 2, 1956; s. 78-117)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/11px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> har flere filer relateret til <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glaciology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Glaciology">Glaciologi</a></b> </div></li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Helagerbrug" title="Helagerbrug">Helagerbrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udviklingsgeografi" title="Udviklingsgeografi">Udviklingsgeografi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi">Demografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indbyggertal" title="Indbyggertal">Indbyggertal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befolkning" title="Befolkning">Befolkning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befolkningens_geografiske_fordeling" title="Befolkningens geografiske fordeling">Befolkningens geografiske fordeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befolkningst%C3%A6thed" title="Befolkningstæthed">Befolkningstæthed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldersfordeling" title="Aldersfordeling">Aldersfordeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befolkningspyramide" title="Befolkningspyramide">Befolkningspyramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husstand" title="Husstand">Husstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racel%C3%A6re" title="Racelære">Racelære</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnicitet" title="Etnicitet">Etnicitet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8dedygtige_alder" title="Fødedygtige alder">Fødedygtige alder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvinders_frugtbarhed" title="Kvinders frugtbarhed">Kvinders frugtbarhed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8dselsrate" title="Fødselsrate">Fødselsrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8delighed" title="Dødelighed">Dødelighed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8df%C3%B8dsel" title="Dødfødsel">Dødfødsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A6db%C3%B8rnsd%C3%B8delighed" title="Spædbørnsdødelighed">Spædbørnsdødelighed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rned%C3%B8delighed" title="Børnedødelighed">Børnedødelighed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forventet_levealder" title="Forventet levealder">Forventet levealder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_demografiske_transition" title="Den demografiske transition">Den demografiske transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6ringsvej" title="Næringsvej">Næringsvej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhvervsfordeling" title="Erhvervsfordeling">Erhvervsfordeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhvervsfrekvens" title="Erhvervsfrekvens">Erhvervsfrekvens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tre-sektor-hypotesen" title="Tre-sektor-hypotesen">Tre-sektor-hypotesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendling" title="Pendling">Pendling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandring_(demografi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandring (demografi)">Vandring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udvandring" title="Udvandring">Udvandring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indvandring" title="Indvandring">Indvandring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A6stearbejdere_i_Danmark" title="Gæstearbejdere i Danmark">Gæstearbejdere i Danmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B8geografi" title="Miljøgeografi">Miljøgeografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B8geografi" title="Miljøgeografi">Miljøgeografi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_geografi" title="Økonomisk geografi">Økonomisk geografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handelsopland" title="Handelsopland">Handelsopland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematisk_geografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematisk geografi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Matematisk geografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_kvantitative_revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den kvantitative revolution (ikke skrevet endnu)">Den kvantitative revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanografi" title="Oceanografi">Oceanografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Havoverflade" title="Havoverflade">Havoverflade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">Topografi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Danicus" title="Atlas Danicus">Atlas Danicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_danske_Atlas" title="Den danske Atlas">Den danske Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_Danmark" title="Trap Danmark">Trap Danmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kjell%C3%A9n" title="Rudolf Kjellén">Rudolf Kjellén</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Danske geografer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steen_B._B%C3%B6cher" title="Steen B. Böcher">Steen B. Böcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Christensen" title="Carl Christian Christensen">Carl Christian Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofus_Christiansen" title="Sofus Christiansen">Sofus Christiansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Elberling_(bibliotekar)" title="Carl Elberling (bibliotekar)">Carl Elberling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Erslev" title="Edvard Erslev">Edvard Erslev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steen_Folke" title="Steen Folke">Steen Folke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Fristrup" title="Børge Fristrup">Børge Fristrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viggo_Hansen_(geograf)" title="Viggo Hansen (geograf)">Viggo Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudmund_Hatt" title="Gudmund Hatt">Gudmund Hatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Humlum" title="Johannes Humlum">Johannes Humlum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Jonge" title="Nicolai Jonge">Nicolai Jonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_H._Kampp" title="Aage H. Kampp">Aage H. Kampp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_L%C3%B8ffler" title="Ernst Løffler">Ernst Løffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Petersen_(geograf)" title="Sophie Petersen (geograf)">Sophie Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinrich_Rink" title="Hinrich Rink">Hinrich Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Peder_Steensby" title="Hans Peder Steensby">Hans Peder Steensby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Vahl_(1869-1946)" title="Martin Vahl (1869-1946)">Martin Vahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Aagesen" title="Aage Aagesen">Aage Aagesen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Etnologi" title="Etnologi">Etnologi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85055077">sh85055077</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4205614-7">4205614-7</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119315750">cb119315750</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119315750">(data)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F024472.php">024472</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkisk_nationalbibliotek" title="Tjekkisk nationalbibliotek">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114629&CON_LNG=ENG">ph114629</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//denstoredanske.lex.dk/glaciologi">glaciologi</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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