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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oes Elisabeth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 40 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A" title="العصر الإليزابيثي - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الإليزابيثي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Елизабетинска епоха - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елизабетинска епоха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88poca_elisabetiana" title="Època elisabetiana - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Època elisabetiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C5%BEb%C4%9Btinsk%C3%A1_%C3%A9ra" title="Alžbětinská éra - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alžbětinská éra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabethanisches_Zeitalter" title="Elisabethanisches Zeitalter - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elisabethanisches Zeitalter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Ελισαβετιανή εποχή - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελισαβετιανή εποχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elizabethan era" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeta_epoko" title="Elizabeta epoko - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elizabeta epoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poca_isabelina" title="Época isabelina - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Época isabelina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethi_ajastu" title="Elizabethi ajastu - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elizabethi ajastu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabeldar_Aroa" title="Isabeldar Aroa - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Isabeldar Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="دوره الیزابت - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره الیزابت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetin_aikakausi" title="Elisabetin aikakausi - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elisabetin aikakausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88re_%C3%A9lisab%C3%A9thaine" title="Ère élisabéthaine - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ère élisabéthaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabetaanske_Tiid" title="Elizabetaanske Tiid - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elizabetaanske Tiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9_Eil%C3%ADseach" title="Ré Eilíseach - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ré Eilíseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99" title="העידן האליזבתני - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העידן האליזבתני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Elizabeth" title="Era Elizabeth - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Era Elizabeth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%ADsabetart%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Elísabetartímabilið - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Elísabetartímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_elisabettiana" title="Età elisabettiana - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Età elisabettiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E6%9C%9D" title="エリザベス朝 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリザベス朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ელისაბედის ხანა - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელისაბედის ხანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="엘리자베스 시대 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘리자베스 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="എലിസബീഥൻ കാലഘട്ടം - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എലിസബീഥൻ കാലഘട്ടം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Elizabeth" title="Era Elizabeth - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Era Elizabeth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethaans_tijdperk" title="Elizabethaans tijdperk - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elizabethaans tijdperk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabethansk_tid" title="Elisabethansk tid - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elisabethansk tid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="د الیزابیت دوره - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د الیزابیت دوره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_elisabetano" title="Período elisabetano - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período elisabetano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoca_elisabetan%C4%83" title="Epoca elisabetană - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epoca elisabetană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Елизаветинская эпоха - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Елизаветинская эпоха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabetansko_doba" title="Elizabetansko doba - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elizabetansko doba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elizabethan era" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabetinsko_obdobje" title="Elizabetinsko obdobje - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elizabetinsko obdobje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Елизабетанско доба - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елизабетанско доба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetansk_tid" title="Elisabetansk tid - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elisabetansk tid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%98" title="สมัยเอลิซาเบธ - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยเอลิซาเบธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Elizabeth Dönemi - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elizabeth Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Єлизаветинська епоха - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єлизаветинська епоха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="伊丽莎白时代 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊丽莎白时代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q912595#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oes_Elisabeth" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Oes_Elisabeth&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oes_Elisabeth"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. 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class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Oes Elisabeth</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Enghraifft o'r canlynol</th><td>oes <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912595?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Queen_Elizabeth_I_by_George_Gower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Queen_Elizabeth_I_by_George_Gower.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_I_by_George_Gower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Queen_Elizabeth_I_by_George_Gower.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_I_by_George_Gower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Queen_Elizabeth_I_by_George_Gower.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_I_by_George_Gower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption>Portread o'r Frenhines Elisabeth I gan George Gower.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cyfnod yn <a href="/wiki/Hanes_Lloegr" title="Hanes Lloegr">hanes Lloegr</a> a barodd teyrnasiad y <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_I,_brenhines_Lloegr" title="Elisabeth I, brenhines Lloegr">Frenhines Elisabeth I</a> (1558–1603), yr olaf o'r <a href="/wiki/Tuduriaid" title="Tuduriaid">Tuduriaid</a>, oedd <b>Oes Elisabeth</b>. Portreadir y cyfnod hwn yn aml gan hanesyddion fel oes aur yn hanes Lloegr. Defnyddiwyd personoliad <a href="/wiki/Britannia_(symbol_Prydeindod)" title="Britannia (symbol Prydeindod)">Britannia</a> am y tro cyntaf yn 1572, ac yn aml wedi hynny, i nodi Oes Elisabeth fel adfywiad a ysbrydolai balchder cenedlaethol yn y Sais trwy ddelfrydau clasurol, fforio a threfedigaethu tramor, a buddugoliaeth ar y môr yn erbyn <a href="/wiki/Sbaen" title="Sbaen">Sbaen</a>. Dadleua'r hanesydd John Guy (1988) bod "Lloegr yn economaidd iachach, yn ehangach ei nerth, ac yn fwy gobeithiol o dan y Tuduriaid" nag ar unrhyw adeg mewn mil o flynyddoedd.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cynrychiolodd yr "oes aur"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hon anterth y Dadeni yn Lloegr, ym mha cyfnod blodeuai barddoniaeth a rhyddiaith yn yr iaith Saesneg, y theatr, a cherddoriaeth. Campau enwocaf yr oes yw'r dramâu arloesol gan <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> ac eraill. Y tu hwnt i ffiniau'r deyrnas, cyfnod ydoedd o fforio'r Byd Newydd, ehangu nerth y llynges, a sefydlu gwladfeydd a llwybrau masnach newydd. Yn Lloegr ei hun, daeth <a href="/wiki/Y_Diwygiad_Protestannaidd" title="Y Diwygiad Protestannaidd">y Diwygiad Protestannaidd</a> yn fwy derbyniol i'r werin, yn sicr wedi methiant <a href="/wiki/Armada_Sbaen" title="Armada Sbaen">Armada Sbaen</a> i oresgyn y wlad. Teyrnasiad Elisabeth hefyd oedd yr adeg ddiweddaraf pan oedd brenhiniaeth neilltuol gan Loegr, cyn iddi uno â choron yr Alban o ganlyniad i esgyniad <a href="/wiki/Iago_VI,_brenin_yr_Alban" class="mw-redirect" title="Iago VI, brenin yr Alban">Iago VI, brenin yr Alban</a> yn frenin Lloegr yn 1603. </p><p>Gellir cyferbynnu Oes Elisabeth yn eglur â <a href="/wiki/Cyfnod_y_Tuduriaid" title="Cyfnod y Tuduriaid">theyrnasiadau'r Tuduriaid cynt</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Oes_Iago" title="Oes Iago">Oes Iago</a> a'i ddilynodd. Cyfnod byr o heddwch ydoedd, rhwng helyntion y Diwygiad yn Lloegr a'r rhyfeloedd gwleidyddol a chrefyddol ar draws Prydain ac Iwerddon yn Oes y Stiwartiaid yn yr 16g. Cafodd y ddadl rhwng <a href="/wiki/Protestaniaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestaniaid">Protestaniaid</a> a <a href="/wiki/Yr_Eglwys_Gatholig" class="mw-redirect" title="Yr Eglwys Gatholig">Catholigion</a> Lloegr ei llonyddu am genhedlaeth neu ddwy gan sefydlogi <a href="/wiki/Eglwys_Loegr" title="Eglwys Loegr">Eglwys Loegr</a>, neu'r Setliad Elisabethaidd, ac nid oedd y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senedd_Lloegr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senedd Lloegr (dim tudalen ar gael)">senedd</a> eto yn ddigon cryf i herio absoliwtiaeth y frenhiniaeth. </p><p>Roedd Lloegr hefyd yn gefnog o'i chymharu â gwledydd eraill <a href="/wiki/Ewrop" title="Ewrop">Ewrop</a> yn niwedd yr 16g. Daeth <a href="/wiki/Y_Dadeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Y Dadeni">y Dadeni</a> i ben yn <a href="/wiki/Yr_Eidal" title="Yr Eidal">yr Eidal</a> o ganlyniad i oruchafiaeth Sbaen ar <a href="/wiki/Dinas-wladwriaeth" title="Dinas-wladwriaeth">ddinas-wladwriaethau</a>'r wlad honno. Cyfres o <a href="/wiki/Rhyfeloedd_Crefydd_Ffrainc" title="Rhyfeloedd Crefydd Ffrainc">ryfeloedd a gwrthryfeloedd crefyddol</a> oedd yn trafferthu <a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a>, nes i'r sefyllfa yn y wlad gael ei heddychu am dro gan Orchymyn Nantes (1598). Oherwydd hyn, yn ogystal â llwyddiant y <i>tercios</i> Sbaenaidd wrth yrru'r Saeson ymaith y cyfandir, cafwyd gohiriad yn y gwrthdaro rhwng Lloegr a'i hen elyn Ffrainc trwy'r rhan fwyaf o deyrnasiad Elisabeth. </p><p>Prif elyn Lloegr felly oedd Sbaen, a ffrwydrodd rhyfel rhyngddynt yn y cyfnod 1585–1604 o ganlyniad i ysgarmesau yn Ewrop a'r Amerig. Methodd <a href="/wiki/Felipe_II,_brenin_Sbaen" title="Felipe II, brenin Sbaen">Felipe II, brenin Sbaen</a>, oresgyn Lloegr a diorseddu Elisabeth gyda'i Armada yn 1588, ond er buddugoliaeth enwog y Saeson yn yr achos hwnnw trodd y rhyfel yn eu herbyn yn sgil alldaith aflwyddiannus ganddynt i Bortiwgal a'r Azores yn 1589. Wedi hynny, rhoddodd Sbaen rywfaint o gefnogaeth i Gatholigion <a href="/wiki/Iwerddon" title="Iwerddon">Iwerddon</a> mewn gwrthryfel gwan yn erbyn tra-arglwyddiaeth Lloegr dros yr ynys honno, a llwyddodd llynges a byddinoedd Sbaen atal sawl ymosodiad gan y Saeson. Treth gyson ar y Trysorlys oedd y rhyfel, gan wanhau'r economi a gafodd ei hadfywio gan Elisabeth ar ddechrau ei theyrnasiad. Roedd ymdrechion Lloegr i ledaenu ei nerth masnachol ac ehangu ei thir yn gyfwng tan i'r rhyfel dod i ben yn sgil Cytundeb Llundain (1604). </p><p>Llywodraeth ganolog, trefnus, ac effeithiol oedd gan Deyrnas Lloegr yn ystod y cyfnod hwn, yn bennaf o ganlyniad i ddiwygiadau <a href="/wiki/Harri_VII,_brenin_Lloegr" title="Harri VII, brenin Lloegr">Harri VII</a> a <a href="/wiki/Harri_VIII,_brenin_Lloegr" title="Harri VIII, brenin Lloegr">Harri VIII</a>, yn ogystal â chosbau llym Elisabeth ar gyfer unrhyw wrthwynebwyr. O ran yr economi, dechreuodd y wlad elwa'n fawr o'r cyfnod newydd o fasnachu dros <a href="/wiki/Yr_Iwerydd" class="mw-redirect" title="Yr Iwerydd">yr Iwerydd</a> a dwyn trysor oddi ar longau Sbaen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Britannia-Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Britannia-Statue.jpg/220px-Britannia-Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Britannia-Statue.jpg/330px-Britannia-Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Britannia-Statue.jpg/440px-Britannia-Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Cofeb Genedlaethol yr Armada yn <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> sy'n defnyddio delw Britannia i ddathlu buddugoliaeth Lloegr ar longau Sbaen yn 1588. Codwyd y cerflun hwn gan William Charles May yn 1888, trichan mlynedd wedi'r frwydr.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rhamant_a_realiti">Rhamant a realiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Rhamant a realiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Rhamant a realiti"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cafodd Oes Elisabeth ei hedmygu a'i gwneud yn ddelfryd yn ystod <a href="/wiki/Cyfnod_Fictoraidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyfnod Fictoraidd">Oes Fictoria</a> a dechrau'r 20g yn Lloegr. Mynnai'r <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, taw "teyrnasiad hir Elisabeth I, 1558–1603, oedd Oes Aur Lloegr [...] mynegodd "Lloegr Lawen" ei hunan, gyda'i chariad at yr einioes, drwy gyfrwng cerdd a llên, yn ei phensaernïaeth ac wrth antur ei mordeithiau".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhennid y tueddfryd delfrydol hwn gan Brydeinwyr rhonc a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seisgarwch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seisgarwch (dim tudalen ar gael)">seisgarwyr</a> o'r Unol Daleithiau a gwledydd eraill. Portreadir y ddelwedd hon o forwyr Oes Elisabeth gan Hollywood mewn ffilmiau <a href="/wiki/Errol_Flynn" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fel ymateb i'r camddarlun hwn, mae hanesyddion a bywgraffyddion modern yn tueddu i ymdrin â chyfnod y Tuduriaid, gan gynnwys Oes Elisabeth, yn fwy gwrthrychol.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Guy, <i>Tudor England</i> (Rhydychen: Oxford University Press, 1988), t. 32 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0192852132" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0192852132">0192852132</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">From the 1944 Clark lectures by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>; Lewis, <i>English Literature in the Sixteenth Century</i> (Oxford, 1954) p. 1, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256072">256072</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061112031836/http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-200261">Elizabeth I ac Oes Aur Lloegr Lloegr</a> . Gwyddoniadur Myfyrwyr Britannica</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gweler <i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Lives_of_Elizabeth_and_Essex" title="The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex">The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex</a></i> (1939) a <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Hawk" title="The Sea Hawk">The Sea Hawk</a></i> (1940).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Patrick Collinson (2003). "Elizabeth I and the verdicts of history". <i>Historical Research</i> <b>76</b> (194): 469–91. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2281.00186">10.1111/1468-2281.00186</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darllen_pellach">Darllen pellach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Darllen pellach" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Darllen pellach"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arnold, Janet: <i>Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd</i> (W S Maney and Son Ltd, Leeds, 1988) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0-901286-20-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0-901286-20-6">0-901286-20-6</a></li> <li>Ashelford, Jane. <i>The Visual History of Costume: The Sixteenth Century</i>. 1983 edition (<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0-89676-076-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0-89676-076-6">0-89676-076-6</a>)</li> <li>Bergeron, David, <i>English Civic Pageantry, 1558–1642</i> (2003)</li> <li>Black, J. B. <i>The Reign of Elizabeth: 1558–1603</i> (2nd ed. 1958) survey by leading scholar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3769587">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522071347/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3769587">Archifwyd</a> 2012-05-22 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></li> <li>Digby, George Wingfield. <i>Elizabethan Embroidery</i>. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964.</li> <li>Elton, G.R. <i>Modern Historians on British History 1485-1945: A Critical Bibliography 1945-1969</i> (1969), annotated guide to history books on every major topic, plus book reviews and major scholarly articles; pp 26–50, 163-97. <a href="//archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.176158" class="extiw" title="iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.176158">online</a></li> <li>Fritze, Ronald H., ed. <i>Historical Dictionary of Tudor England, 1485-1603</i> (Greenwood, 1991) 595pp.</li> <li>Hartley, Dorothy, and Elliot Margaret M. <i>Life and Work of the People of England. A pictorial record from contemporary sources. The Sixteenth Century.</i> (1926).</li> <li>Hutton, Ronald:<i>The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year, 1400–1700</i>, 2001. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0-19-285447-X" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0-19-285447-X">0-19-285447-X</a></li> <li>Morrill, John, ed. <i>The Oxford illustrated history of Tudor & Stuart Britain</i> (1996) <a href="//archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00john" class="extiw" title="iarchive:oxfordillustrate00john">online</a>; survey essays by leading scholars; heavily illustrated</li> <li><i>Shakespeare's England. An Account of the Life and Manners of his Age</i> (2 vol. 1916); essays by experts on social history and customs <a href="//archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.458652" class="extiw" title="iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.458652">vol 1 online</a></li> <li>Singman, Jeffrey L. <i>Daily Life in Elizabethan England</i> (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9138839">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410042437/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9138839">Archifwyd</a> 2008-04-10 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></li> <li>Strong, Roy: <i>The Cult of Elizabeth</i> (The Harvill Press, 1999). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0-7126-6493-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0-7126-6493-9">0-7126-6493-9</a></li> <li>Wagner, John A. <i>Historical Dictionary of the Elizabethan World: Britain, Ireland, Europe, and America</i> (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8999727">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050515180507/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8999727">Archifwyd</a> 2005-05-15 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></li> <li>Wilson, Jean. <i>Entertainments for Elizabeth I</i> (Studies in Elizabethan and Renaissance Culture) (2007)</li> <li>Wright Louis B. <i>Middle-Class Culture in Elizabethan England</i> (1935) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=892012">online edition</a></li> <li>Yates, Frances A. <i>The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age.</i> London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979.</li> <li>Yates, Frances A. <i>Theatre of the World.</i> Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1969.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Wedi dod o "<a dir="ltr" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&oldid=11850967">https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oes_Elisabeth&oldid=11850967</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Categories" title="Arbennig:Categories">Categorïau</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Oes_Elisabeth" title="Categori:Oes Elisabeth">Oes Elisabeth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:16eg_ganrif_yn_Lloegr" title="Categori:16eg ganrif yn Lloegr">16eg ganrif yn Lloegr</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Oes_y_Tuduriaid" title="Categori:Oes y Tuduriaid">Oes y Tuduriaid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Chategori cudd: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Tudalennau_gyda_meysydd_deublyg_yn_y_Nodion" title="Categori:Tudalennau gyda meysydd deublyg yn y Nodion">Tudalennau gyda meysydd deublyg yn y Nodion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Erthyglau_sy%27n_defnyddio_Nodyn_Gwybodlen_pethau_Wicidata" title="Categori:Erthyglau sy'n defnyddio Nodyn Gwybodlen pethau Wicidata">Erthyglau sy'n defnyddio Nodyn Gwybodlen pethau Wicidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categori:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Golygwyd y dudalen hon ddiwethaf ar 29 Awst 2023, am 21:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Mae'r testun ar gael o dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; gall telerau ychwanegol fod yn berthnasol. 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