CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135e1a24c73d083',cH: 'c1WCk8H_4dS8aK_OC.Cl8mEYRlSuWpPalXXIjZsmD2w-1739796398-1.2.1.1-4yGmkrc28D2wKpz1Rz0B3.7amIGK.TFC391e5A9FoWmQkzL6roeaoo4FgMBME0md',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mechanical%20low%20back%20pain&__cf_chl_tk=uXrJgTMCg7YL4mx8_6mo.AWk1Mj4GpFUPoRVj8A92XI-1739796398-1.0.1.1-HDcJPDg3EP3pfUMqLVVMiFpOK8O.M.wffX_XoIVoWwA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796398',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mechanical%20low%20back%20pain&__cf_chl_f_tk=uXrJgTMCg7YL4mx8_6mo.AWk1Mj4GpFUPoRVj8A92XI-1739796398-1.0.1.1-HDcJPDg3EP3pfUMqLVVMiFpOK8O.M.wffX_XoIVoWwA",md: "jh5913AgbgInI6VubXcm2Wb1rdODFTsvV_caK0qU6cU-1739796398-1.2.1.1-D7MCe7hKDbXhdQLhVjNCc4IYNCz4.Bx8wQ3A7mqRB.J5nQE9MPnMbnpTQf3vBZBK923xZvs5_YWALelVVsGFetfbp6wjdvzW4yrWbS.HnQ0uPcrEEvtLrsfZIeEjvsFMXfZLB75twKGakErjfXqF6LTZ3idF1boKH1erYlYhVT89u9_qSUXIYh6cZ3Mj0BEH7KDfTD6QMrzoaW6K8axKjlCiKtDgbt9k0uJL7e9HumFdENmfJDpoW22osGxOvNArX0aNFqc8To3Pj4Joehfn9I0mgMScHE4t0Fulkdmi7R9G4MFhkdhWaTv23hOM1ibiifvE0eSVAXlvae0hB9gOSkjPc3XHjMyK1u.xf_T.Y7y3PWOPg0F57GchKHVI.eLfrZh0v.aNXRHFUFrENAzB1XvGAnkyZMMO4E7r98sUYm.nUuNQ6lVnMppwxIcam1m_5H_q6qhyh.IGLS8aDQCvDfE36ZDf6r9dso18tUyo1M9T9IEV0R92UNoxzz59z86BJhQnTW9tNEyfMsYkb3neWdPp9aj2_oe3BqihpawccS1qHcKwCbuqrQ_CGgU_Xflgy5J2FuEpu_Bq64KF_LCCFeulhM4l4TB_Ab5Dc0.ITzWhhPUXuLeAjzt9eMASBk3Nr6FfPoYuXb4evQSXKcWMnEi6MkZcx3Mmf6gSJgmRPsRKHWNzzZ8BDKwT4NWKHqBqtPBjMj3OrUmnw6HWGlhFrOxyV_YwQHCzBgXa7vtiwxmLnfNOWO8awkchEM9GnJpicbe4qnoHoiQSa801cn6pHI_cQuQhTdAVHq.3E6nWSrigqn2CesXabgF.w1IHHFIHkvoJVIvAmMqpxm.W0QzbxgpfNZiZFtvu2tjwMKIC_INUs9d2goX6Oiw2TeqU9V_hvIbHo7MQ.eIw_DodvYzY.YIuZlE1O5MPi5DLrQ6wGW_8SEnN8QhCPkWvios5HrDwiP7TbKPBJGaUBCMgYG3fojiZvvCPnYtGYE33LszU51yZ54fKjZBwO9mc3MYlglyNtTnRGZHpg5xZk7nnYSoic0K3_9tLhw3C6h.SMDCXuwn7ppfCHO.Pi8K8SCNONsqKqESXhUjPu4BFR020Jam6xl.LmbtM.q6ggXGQmC780dFjiwTnOWDTIranwsD_vh__x_wQKCG70AuypYzTdniugxFnci9VdmglHSZJaH5FThE5EnLW2eeaJgxe6OWUS_nf_C1.PJX5CKAzmcWsVztav37mTplu2MM.SU74t1wV5Dte8wlTYjlHYkjJPdsEJ5OlfzyZyqqVL4TA4ZDM.Dtw1kN7rQu.TFBEEVBnVsjY3KiKUX111w4Cck9xNemqFYSvLc8k0DHFeBAB6cLDe0ui4ywRMEgpMYGbJ7J_11.INSgIkPPGDPsPSbSdGoCsjpYv6HMLks5dsdPUjvOsqHHWL2fyU.PN7NZBSuxzmwMOx.TT0hoLmu7.GZ4ZvJtU6jf3p0_JpOAhiImT2RDWxjQmnvi3xuzGj9PI2Mh2qgE2wi3dAfx0e9rXbBqtNtmLhVJT5jpfVxfLjTQ5kznSVWKCAPFB57ZlE8aPQEW8ynh8oHtYPhovaZuD3wATws13PTxex_AHxMFtK6x_mLeqE1WSNwOTzA6P4HbdYhWSbbbkcwNZpKhVRKFFnlnTLpjOO1tpNF14pRYan6lWw3rUcULwDjRCpoFy0YAWLKIEORAez2jOJoC16JBtg.Ff5uXn7Iti7PcuoUcSxUDeFVMRO4HzuXOC6WpW49Fy_WuqNFsb.LKIFfqiZI4LhbsGw8bvaNLflN3_Krf7h42iPNJ.11SDPFIYzwn8qekyOEe6.sDlBE7FPpiEslYiiCy7JOeIh3B7a7Vhk1RpJjMMSoBTg8ol9Q_3rKhX97ehpsG55S9EqquHh0oZISGhGFDteYCiR7GuJSBbEFiZf88d5Ll.kGyJ0F.R2nlj4uGMnnKeolNceTJSUQ5i493LTkYIOaOJelusnBSb1544UBkb9EofCi1Ytg",mdrd: "VPYNy0E4.D1GMvWWNqaQBw8P4bzV3AlOAVIWFi10mV0-1739796398-1.2.1.1-FG0fbCUONRglNwQL0XFayAVKELVA9d_C0d1WeqAJf0AiHOABX3DStMpDQPqZymbuqrY_BV3MVJQInJXfHVGr_KnmXp63ihM2jA6eLwZLIo3Mp4D7uWgZSu9JfjBSODhSUjF.14FwK_riimR6P7qEacNBV5Mstvy16jkMKH78UIJpRSjIGepna2U1fB4eNC5Pa24dYjhevCzI3q1zKbQB0tZkSorqKyslEv5vZv90JYnkP9GXy_rG2IrNZf.H._tPrHPnULNudKSyI0hyCv2ZJZ3Fmd_vpmzTmNmYwBEhGJ9fP99Rx_k58B4qqDZ5Kh4AHpzIpl6r70bPwxyc1biZT4c1JPuycJOQgwnyRMCHJK_eV0R7gEHrtvKkjsk80XN7kC70UI._.o3BYBUvpDSw4frdFKl0poJtZfkSLnXDkDAcVI9pvHRNt0RnOY62CAVEvMxYKQkD9VON1fgIcUyRPzxNBZw_n4PAcPaBaIT5Eg0I09PpcObcNIa3wQpXvXFhcDjtzf0N8q1zy1kUjkNJ13PEAfgumP8NkG0hNzX4o_ZIIDsM_ap0JwTJ1wupI6uvi5_SZKfV2NYYecuEWO_6KEH1UIx8KCvTNb3tEr9crbEY5x2_XUhb5DDiOUFKaxl7a3R7p.ZRuvauMieIN8B3AjVWX55kUuzKlgcjYD2.HexwVldTZMk_MP9Zd8vMLl7pDMHbW0pAqGIEJh8rcQBn.auN_.WGg.eRLjmeDcgpRiD6vcHNL1u60fdaQgnybGKhMCcgEYaMEC.x_UBwl7DxZLurkK694njnQzCa9KN_3w1IzCUz.0UcCtiLE3VCOstiZMnCyI008igoc18PxpxmHOrP0_MgIDmFMx06yrafZMxtl4mOwExAzRt8s9Yidahr9KgU1h.Ig2QmnkkIW7AkIx_CM6s7UzJKJ5BGdujzWE9bFw91b2oLyvOumOx9tx8IyBp_NelPOyu99.yVaR1DQytXZ636_RSMwtGupXni.DdjnqAsLpwlWvnsGrnbDeZSJJ6TNuqmcasWEDuZR.TbnU2z2vzNZh7_fgL5lpNKt0JWfIER.MSGW26MoMB8uGfescEQlZK_4qJoC8apzs9fcDiC7lmgetz29SE5JdiRNS4V5nk9wP2rbQExlDG.XSRtddP64wpxWUdSdkw_OQOGV9FT6CKlH.et7S1E0.J3qBkp5jSaeHDMWU8OcAZYtwfixq5Ww92roOD66FYGmGbmZC0droYZcum4pc0giWuLAOGLshTtVWTHXUJAEcsvCgHZ3mITFJaBe_.0.bcHrzdfP3Dfu4Q3jVRbcIlAvoVhHfW0POw7SU2.t50pIuj4VrPj8bxc4bht82jjiPCo7Qy9sg2JUYjrzk1ITxTs.R0JnradRWVTIQOgQGErVCzseOSuL0Xf_RDRVRCRHopUuiKMHVm6e_0VivgOqqh4r8yMAXzlZB5SP97rDzmHnIwg77IIPaVHmRrrixuTwR6Gmu33hWgZLG8huV0tLx65eEHMNx7LQK0zHzNkbju9Zn9ZxfisGZyRerESpFvChg0SjD_HQM6B364TTgjp09YE0UAOd85QegIN4nDuKqMc2itbRH80rdatW8Za2Lqsjiw568gOWBQjKGfHncJLW0cmDKsgncYlS434aea.PKV9P2p_RiTo_GuukgEHLbw_b0XvNglakiAtikT5E3SOyZoI2aZGxU1N4I23lYAE06HWlxMPSaLqV.DdnOVu6oUaARPpyIVUeNI29V0UwpSLL8HpmaYvhh2sCqow4IUA40KfFZ1A5xbznG8KyGxR9MvS6eN_quXkHDTkkYJr0A9F5tp4VIE2nr9WvXxaMvg2leDGMY.JWArea5QmQPCYFhqL4y0reNz58bGUzqQko9PdyN3cLtH1cs5ClvHq7Y0nUg5GLwDM7UyHmysGOIWbzRvxRHJw6lOzvaqJ2xa17wEyuUVoUnF3VNMq5MIXqmyQHG0uamfFNEON"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135e1a24c73d083';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=mechanical%20low%20back%20pain&__cf_chl_rt_tk=uXrJgTMCg7YL4mx8_6mo.AWk1Mj4GpFUPoRVj8A92XI-1739796398-1.0.1.1-HDcJPDg3EP3pfUMqLVVMiFpOK8O.M.wffX_XoIVoWwA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>