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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabla de conteníos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cortina de Fierro</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 76 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ystergordyn" title="Ystergordyn – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ystergordyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="الستار الحديدي – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الستار الحديدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99mir_p%C9%99rd%C9%99" title="Dəmir pərdə – azerbaixanu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəmir pərdə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaixanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiserner_Vorhang" title="Eiserner Vorhang – bávaru" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eiserner Vorhang" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bávaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Жалезная заслона – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жалезная заслона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Желязна завеса – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Желязна завеса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rideoz_houarn" title="Rideoz houarn – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rideoz houarn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezna_zavjesa" title="Željezna zavjesa – bosniu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Željezna zavjesa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%B3_d%27acer" title="Teló d'acer – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teló d'acer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezn%C3%A1_opona" title="Železná opona – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Železná opona" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Llen_Haearn" title="Y Llen Haearn – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Llen Haearn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernt%C3%A6ppet" title="Jerntæppet – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jerntæppet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiserner_Vorhang" title="Eiserner Vorhang – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eiserner Vorhang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD_%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Σιδηρούν παραπέτασμα – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιδηρούν παραπέτασμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iron Curtain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fera_Kurteno" title="Fera Kurteno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fera Kurteno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_de_Hierro" title="Cortina de Hierro – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cortina de Hierro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudne_eesriie" title="Raudne eesriie – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raudne eesriie" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altzairuzko_oihala" title="Altzairuzko oihala – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Altzairuzko oihala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پرده آهنین – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرده آهنین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautaesirippu" title="Rautaesirippu – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rautaesirippu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rideau_de_fer" title="Rideau de fer – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rideau de fer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izeren_Gerdyn" title="Izeren Gerdyn – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Izeren Gerdyn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pano_de_aceiro" title="Pano de aceiro – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pano de aceiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C" title="מסך הברזל – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסך הברזל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="आयरन कर्टेन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयरन कर्टेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezna_zavjesa" title="Željezna zavjesa – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Željezna zavjesa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rido_f%C3%A8" title="Rido fè – haitianu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rido fè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasf%C3%BCgg%C3%B6ny" title="Vasfüggöny – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vasfüggöny" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%80" title="Երկաթե վարագույր – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկաթե վարագույր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_de_Ferro" title="Cortina de Ferro – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cortina de Ferro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirai_Besi" title="Tirai Besi – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tirai Besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fera_kurteno" title="Fera kurteno – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fera kurteno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1rntjaldi%C3%B0" title="Járntjaldið – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Járntjaldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_di_ferro" title="Cortina di ferro – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cortina di ferro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3" title="鉄のカーテン – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉄のカーテン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რკინის ფარდა – xeorxanu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რკინის ფარდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Темір перде – kazaquistanín" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Темір перде" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80" title="វាំងននដែក – ḥemer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វាំងននដែក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ḥemer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%A5%EB%A7%89" title="철의 장막 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철의 장막" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdeya_Hesin%C3%AE" title="Perdeya Hesinî – curdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Perdeya Hesinî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulaeum_ferreum" title="Aulaeum ferreum – llatín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aulaeum ferreum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisene_Rideau" title="Eisene Rideau – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eisene Rideau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gele%C5%BEin%C4%97_u%C5%BEdanga" title="Geležinė uždanga – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geležinė uždanga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzelzs_priek%C5%A1kars" title="Dzelzs priekškars – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzelzs priekškars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Железна завеса – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Железна завеса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BB" title="അയൺ കർട്ടൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയൺ കർട്ടൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80_%D1%85%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Төмөр хөшиг – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төмөр хөшиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirai_Besi" title="Tirai Besi – malayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tirai Besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJzeren_Gordijn" title="IJzeren Gordijn – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJzeren Gordijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernteppet" title="Jernteppet – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jernteppet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernteppet" title="Jernteppet – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jernteppet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rid%C3%A8l_de_f%C3%A8rre" title="Ridèl de fèrre – occitanu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ridèl de fèrre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBelazna_kurtyna" title="Żelazna kurtyna – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żelazna kurtyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%81" title="آہنی پردہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آہنی پردہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_de_Ferro" title="Cortina de Ferro – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cortina de Ferro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortina_de_fier" title="Cortina de fier – rumanu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cortina de fier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Железный занавес – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Железный занавес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvozdena_zavesa" title="Gvozdena zavesa – serbo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gvozdena zavesa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iron Curtain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezn%C3%A1_opona" title="Železná opona – eslovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Železná opona" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezna_zavesa" title="Železna zavesa – eslovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Železna zavesa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Гвоздена завеса – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвоздена завеса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rnrid%C3%A5n" title="Järnridån – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Järnridån" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="இரும்புத் திரை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரும்புத் திரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ม่านเหล็ก – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ม่านเหล็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtinang_Bakal" title="Kurtinang Bakal – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kurtinang Bakal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_Perde" title="Demir Perde – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Demir Perde" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Залізна завіса – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Залізна завіса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%81" title="آہنی پردہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آہنی پردہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%A9c_m%C3%A0n_s%E1%BA%AFt" title="Bức màn sắt – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bức màn sắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puthaw_nga_Kurtina" title="Puthaw nga Kurtina – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Puthaw nga Kurtina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%B9%95" title="铁幕 – chinu wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铁幕" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinu wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92" title="אייזערנעם פארהאנג – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייזערנעם פארהאנג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%B9%95" title="铁幕 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铁幕" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%B9%95" title="鐵幕 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鐵幕" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124425#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cortina_de_Fierro" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderique:Cortina_de_Fierro&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Alderique tocante al conteníu de la páxina (la páxina nun esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Alderique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=history" title="Versiones antigües d'esta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramientes" > <label 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aiciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cortina_de_Fierro"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeneral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/Cortina_de_Fierro" title="Llista de toles páxines wiki qu'enllacien equí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo qu'enllaza equí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Cortina_de_Fierro" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes nes páxines enllazaes dende esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios 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estremada pol Telón d'aceru». Los países de la <a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> n'azul, los miembros del <a href="/wiki/Pactu_de_Varsovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pactu de Varsovia">Pactu de Varsovia</a> en colloráu, los <a href="/wiki/Movimientu_de_Pa%C3%ADses_Ensin_Alliniar" title="Movimientu de Países Ensin Alliniar">non alliniaos</a> en verde y países <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutralid%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutralidá (la páxina nun esiste)">neutrales</a> en gris.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cortina de fierro</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o <b>telón d'aceru</b> ye un términu históricu que provién de les espresiones <a href="/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán">alemana</a> <i>Eiserner Vorhang</i> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés">inglesa</a> <i>Iron Curtain</i>. Fai referencia a la frontera política, ideolóxica, y en dellos casos tamién física, ente la <a href="/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental">Europa Occidental</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloque_capitalista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloque capitalista (la páxina nun esiste)">Bloque Capitalista</a>) y <a href="/wiki/Europa_Oriental" title="Europa Oriental">Europa Oriental</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bloque_del_Este" title="Bloque del Este">Bloque Comunista</a>), tres la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>. </p><p>N'alemán, foi usada por <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lozano_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lozano-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ministru de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propaganda_nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propaganda nazi (la páxina nun esiste)">Propaganda nazi</a>, y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutz_Schwerin_von_Krosigk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk (la páxina nun esiste)">Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk</a>, últimu canciller d'Alemaña antes d'establecese la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Aliada_de_Control&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Aliada de Control (la páxina nun esiste)">Comisión Aliada de Control</a> en mayu de 1945. De la mesma, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> utilizó la so versión inglesa nun discursu. L'ex <a href="/wiki/Primer_Ministru" class="mw-redirect" title="Primer Ministru">Primer Ministru</a> <a href="/wiki/Reinu_Xun%C3%ADu" title="Reinu Xuníu">británicu</a> usar pa referise a la frontera, non solo física sinón tamién <a href="/wiki/Ideolox%C3%ADa" title="Ideoloxía">ideolóxica</a>, qu'estremó a <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> en dos bloques dempués de la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>. Churchill popularizó'l términu nuna conferencia n'<a href="/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaos Xuníos">Estaos Xuníos</a> en 1946, cuando dixo: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4217957">.mw-parser-output .flexquote{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle);border-left:3px solid var(--border-color-base);font-size:90%;margin:1em 4em;padding:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.quote{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.separator{border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base);border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base);margin:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.cite{text-align:right}@media all and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{flex-direction:column}}</style><blockquote class="flexquote"> <div class="flex"> <div class="quote">Dende <a href="/wiki/Stettin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stettin">Stettin</a>, nel <a href="/wiki/Mar_B%C3%A1lticu" title="Mar Bálticu">Bálticu</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, nel <a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1ticu" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriáticu">Adriáticu</a>, cayó sobre'l continente (Europa) un telón d'aceru.</div> </div><div class="cite">Winston Churchill<sup id="cite_ref-Lozano_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lozano-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </blockquote> <p>La frontera de la que falaba Churchill estremaba a los Estaos <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_socialista" title="Estáu socialista">socialistes</a>, encabezaos política, económica y militarmente pola <a href="/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Xunión Soviética">Xunión Soviética</a>, y los Estaos <a href="/wiki/Capitalismu" title="Capitalismu">capitalistes</a>, alliniaos colos <a href="/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaos Xuníos">Estaos Xuníos</a>. </p><p>El términu fuera de fechu escurríu o utilizáu antes pol Ministru de Propaganda de l'<a href="/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a_nazi" title="Alemaña nazi">Alemaña nazi</a> Joseph Goebbels, quien declaró'l 25 de febreru de 1945 nun artículu tituláu «L'Añu 2000», nel periódicu selmanal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_Reich_(peri%C3%B3dicu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Reich (periódicu) (la páxina nun esiste)">Das Reich</a></i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4217957"><blockquote class="flexquote"> <div class="flex"> <div class="quote">Si los alemanes baxen les sos armes, los soviéticos, acordies con l'arreglu al que llegaron <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>, Churchill y <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a>, van ocupar tol este y el sureste d'Europa, según gran parte del <a href="/wiki/Tercer_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tercer Reich">Reich</a>. Un telón d'aceru (<i>ein eiserner Vorhang</i>) va cayer sobre esti enorme territoriu controláu pola <a href="/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Xunión Soviética">Xunión Soviética</a>, detrás de la cual les naciones van ser degollaes. La prensa xudía en Londres y Nueva York va siguir aplaudiendo probablemente.</div> </div><div class="cite"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>, Ministru de Propaganda del <a href="/wiki/Tercer_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tercer Reich">Tercer Reich</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </blockquote> <p>La división tamién se fixo patente en dos sistemes militares contrapuestos, la <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_del_Trat%C3%A1u_del_Atl%C3%A1nticu_Norte" title="Organización del Tratáu del Atlánticu Norte">Organización del Tratáu del Atlánticu Norte</a> (1949) y el <a href="/wiki/Pactu_de_Varsovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pactu de Varsovia">Pactu de Varsovia</a> (1955), según nes aliances económiques, el <a href="/wiki/Plan_Marshall" title="Plan Marshall">Plan Marshall</a> per un sitiu y el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conseyu_d%27Ayuda_Mutua_Econ%C3%B3mica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conseyu d'Ayuda Mutua Económica (la páxina nun esiste)">Conseyu d'Ayuda Mutua Económica</a> por otru. Esta división en dos bloques engarraos nes sos concepciones polítiques, militares y <a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa" title="Economía">económiques</a> dio llugar a la situación conocida como <a href="/wiki/Guerra_Fr%C3%ADa" title="Guerra Fría">Guerra Fría</a> (la cual enllargaríase hasta fines de la década de 1980). </p><p>Ello ye que la mayoría de los países al este de la Cortina de Fierro resignar a ser <i>satélites</i> de la <a href="/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Xunión Soviética">Xunión Soviética</a>, dempués de que, escontra'l final de la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, esta avanzara sobre los restos de la <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> hasta entós ocupada polos <a href="/wiki/Nazismu" title="Nazismu">nazis</a>. Esta soberanía llindada o <i>tutelada</i> quedó confirmada pol sofocamientu del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sublevaci%C3%B3n_de_1953_n%27Alema%C3%B1a_del_Este&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sublevación de 1953 n'Alemaña del Este (la páxina nun esiste)">llevantamientu xermanu-oriental de 1953</a>, pola fallida <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_h%C3%BAngara_de_1956" title="Revolución húngara de 1956">revolución húngara de 1956</a> (que llevó al fusilamiento del líder reformista <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imre_Nagy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imre Nagy (la páxina nun esiste)">Imre Nagy</a> en 1958) y pola invasión soviética de <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> en 1968 (<a href="/wiki/Primavera_de_Praga" title="Primavera de Praga">Primavera de Praga</a>). En particular, dempués de producida esta postrera, el gobiernu de <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Br%C3%A9zhnev" title="Leonid Brézhnev">Leonid Brézhnev</a> ellaboró la denomada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctrina_Br%C3%A9zhnev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctrina Brézhnev (la páxina nun esiste)">doctrina Brézhnev</a>, na que s'establez que “lo qu'afecta a un país socialista afecta al socialismu como un tou”, la URSS se arrogaba el derechu d'invadir militarmente cualquier país del so área d'influencia na <a href="/wiki/Europa_Oriental" title="Europa Oriental">Europa Oriental</a>. El surdimientu del combativu sindicatu <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">polacu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidarno%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solidarność (la páxina nun esiste)">Solidarność</a> (“Solidaridá”) en 1980 tendió a confirmar l'estáu de tensión <a href="/wiki/Ideolox%C3%ADa" title="Ideoloxía">ideolóxica</a> interna que se vivía detrás del Telón d'Aceru”. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Berlinermauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/270px-Berlinermauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/405px-Berlinermauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/540px-Berlinermauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muriu_de_Berl%C3%ADn" title="Muriu de Berlín">Muriu de Berlín</a>; el símbolu más famosu del Telón d'Aceru.</figcaption></figure> <p>Namái la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Federal_Socialista_de_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="República Federal Socialista de Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> del mariscal <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz “Tito”</a> y l'<a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a> llograríen, entá teniendo dos talos gobiernos <a href="/wiki/Marxismu" title="Marxismu">marxistes</a>, caltener una relativa independencia de la URSS. Yá en 1948, tan solo trés años dempués de rematar la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, Tito rompió col réxime d'<a href="/wiki/Josif_Stalin" title="Josif Stalin">Josif Stalin</a>. A pesar de proclamar la so neutralidá frente a dambos bloques, el líder <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">yugoslavu</a> caltuvo una forma de gobiernu socialista, argumentando que'l so “marxismo-leninismu yera más <i>puru</i> que'l soviéticu”<sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilid%C3%A1" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidá">ensin referencies</a></i>]</sup>. Pela so parte, el <i>estalinista</i> <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Hoxha</a> facer a partir de la década de 1960, dempués de que'l daquella nuevu <i>premier</i> soviéticu <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchov" title="Nikita Khrushchov">Nikita Khrushchov</a>, a partir del so darréu famosu <a href="/wiki/Discursu_secretu" title="Discursu secretu">discursu secretu</a> del <a href="/wiki/25_de_febreru" title="25 de febreru">25 de febreru</a> de 1956, empezara a denunciar públicamente los escesos y crímenes cometíos en vida por Stalin. Ante esa nueva situación internacional, dempués de producíu'l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotura_Sin%C3%B3n-Sovi%C3%A9tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotura Sinón-Soviética (la páxina nun esiste)">cisma ideolóxicu chinu-soviéticu</a>, el líder <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">albanés</a> decidió romper cola <a href="/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Xunión Soviética">URSS</a> y tomar partíu pola <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> del entós dirixente <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>. </p><p>Al oeste del Telón d'Aceru, <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a> y <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> calteníen tamién una política de relativa neutralidá al respective de los bloques, buscando caltener rellaciones cordiales cola <a href="/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Xunión Soviética">Xunión Soviética</a>. Nos <a href="/wiki/Mediu_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n" title="Mediu de comunicación">medios de comunicación</a> de dellos países <a href="/wiki/Occidente" title="Occidente">occidentales</a>, acuñóse'l términu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finlandizaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finlandización (la páxina nun esiste)">finlandización</a> pa describir, en sentíu negativu, una política esterior que según dichos medios afacer pa sirvir a los intereses soviéticos. </p><p>El 19 d'agostu de 1989 celebróse'l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Picnic_Paneurop%C3%A9u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picnic Paneuropéu (la páxina nun esiste)">Picnic Paneuropéu</a> por iniciativa de <a href="/wiki/Hungr%C3%ADa" title="Hungría">Hungría</a>, siendo'l primer pasu pa la cayida del Telón d'Aceru. Nesti eventu los húngaros y austriacos resalvaron les fronteres soviétiques y axuntáronse simbólicamente. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orixe_de_la_llocución_Iron_Curtain"><span id="Orixe_de_la_llocuci.C3.B3n_Iron_Curtain"></span>Orixe de la llocución <i>Iron Curtain</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Orixe de la llocución Iron Curtain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Orixe de la llocución Iron Curtain"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'usu metafóricu de la llocución, n'alemán, <i>Eiserner Vorhang</i>, atribúyese-y primero a Goebbels en 1945. Sicasí, ye'l términu <i>iron curtain</i> utilizáu por <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, en 1946, que más se conoz, ente otres considerancies porque yá figuraba como términu n'inglés al designar una <a href="/wiki/Cortina" title="Cortina">cortina</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telón (la páxina nun esiste)">telón</a> metálicu que, en casu de quema, úsase como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortafueos_(arquiteutura)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cortafueos (arquiteutura) (la páxina nun esiste)">cortafueos</a> nos teatros. La primer «cortina de fierro» instalar en 1794 nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (la páxina nun esiste)">Theatre Royal, Drury Lane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Díaz Arias, David (2005). «Un mundu estremáu», <i>Les rutes históriques de la globalización</i>. San José: Universidá de Costa Rica. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-9-977-67821-4" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-9-977-67821-4">ISBN 978-9-977-67821-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lozano-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lozano_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lozano_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" id="Referencia-Lozano_Cutanda-2012">Lozano Cutanda, Álvaro (22 de febreru de 2012). «9: "Un telón d'aceru". Los entamos de la Guerra Fría», <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.uy/books?id=IWXHFqel7nAC&pg=PA403&lpg=PA403#v=onepage&q&f=false">Stalin, el tiranu coloráu. Historia Incógnita</a></i> (Llibro dixital), Nowtilus S.L., páx. 403. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788499673226" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788499673226">ISBN 9788499673226</a>. Consultáu'l 15 d'avientu de 2013.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goebbels,_Joseph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goebbels, Joseph (la páxina nun esiste)">Goebbels, Joseph</a> (n'inglés). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/goeb49.htm">«The Year 2000.»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809220550/http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/goeb49.htm">Archiváu</a> 2014-08-09 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/exploring-theatres/history-of-theatres/eighteenth-century-theatre">Eighteenth-century theatre</a>».  The Theatres Trust. Consultáu'l 4 de mayu de 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Bibliografía" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="Referencia-Applebaum-2014"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Applebaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Applebaum (la páxina nun esiste)">Applebaum, Anne</a> (2014). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P3rEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">El telón d'aceru: La destrucción d'Europa del Este 1944-1956</a></i>. Penguin Random House. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788499924199" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788499924199">ISBN 9788499924199</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="broken-link">Información sobre'l telón d'aceru n'Alemaña con un mapa detalláu y cómo percorrela en bicicleta</span> <span class="plainlinks" style="background-color:var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5); color:inherit; font-size:85%">(<a href="/wiki/Ayuda:C%C3%B3mo_recuperar_un_enllaz_rotu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayuda:Cómo recuperar un enllaz rotu">enllaz rotu</a> disponible n'<a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>; ver l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.europebybike.org/viajes_en_bici_por_europa/telon-de-aceru/mapa-telon-aceru.html">historial</a> y la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/2/http://www.europebybike.org/viajes_en_bici_por_europa/telon-de-aceru/mapa-telon-aceru.html">última versión</a>).</span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2260362">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_d&#039;autoridaes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_d&#039;autoridaes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Control_d%27autoridaes" title="Ayuda:Control d'autoridaes">Control d'autoridaes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyeutos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124425" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q124425">Q124425</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iron_Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/112144647639641197467">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/112144647639641197467">112144647639641197467</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166487868">166487868</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166487868">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4249777-2">4249777-2</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph942779">ph942779</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/169040801">169040801</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Iron-Curtain">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124425" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q124425">Q124425</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iron_Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Sacáu de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&oldid=4314787">https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortina_de_Fierro&oldid=4314787</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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