CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>User:Grit2017/sandbox - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"07adb8c6-b5e1-455e-8ea7-ef48249f8ea5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"User","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":2,"wgPageName":"User:Grit2017/sandbox","wgTitle":"Grit2017/sandbox","wgCurRevisionId":822163163,"wgRevisionId":822163163,"wgArticleId":55609240,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["User pages with reference errors"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"User:Grit2017/sandbox","wgRelevantArticleId":55609240,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRelevantUserName":"Grit2017","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}}, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,follow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="User:Grit2017/sandbox - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Grit2017/sandbox"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Grit2017/sandbox"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-2 ns-subject mw-editable page-User_Grit2017_sandbox rootpage-User_Grit2017 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=User%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=User%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=User%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=User%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Partners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">User</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grit2017/sandbox</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-user" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/User:Grit2017/sandbox" title="View the user page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>User page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuss improvements to the content page (page does not exist) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/User:Grit2017/sandbox"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/User:Grit2017/sandbox"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/User:Grit2017/sandbox" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/User:Grit2017/sandbox" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-contributions" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Grit2017" title="A list of contributions by this user"><span>User contributions</span></a></li><li id="t-log" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Log/Grit2017" title="A list of logged actions by this user"><span>User logs</span></a></li><li id="t-userrights" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:UserRights/Grit2017"><span>View user groups</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&oldid=822163163" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=User%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Luminar</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">Automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Austin Russell and Jason Eichenholz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Laser technology for autonomous driving</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">250</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.luminartech.com/">www<wbr />.luminartech<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Luminar</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous car">autonomous car</a> development company, established by Austin Russell in 2012 and later joined by co-founder, Jason Eichenholz. Luminar operated in <a href="/wiki/Stealth_mode" title="Stealth mode">stealth mode</a> since its founding until emerging in April 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-OBJ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBJ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company develops and manufactures <a href="/wiki/Lidar" title="Lidar">LiDAR</a> systems, a type of laser-based RADAR, which allows autonomous cars to see and interpret the road ahead in 3D. It set a target of producing 10,000 units of its next generation sensor to start.<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The firm's 70,000 square feet (6,500 m<sup>2</sup>) manufacturing facility is based in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>, with offices in <a href="/wiki/Portola_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Portola Valley">Portola Valley</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> area. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a>'s 1517 Fund, and GVA Capital and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canvas_Ventures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canvas Ventures (page does not exist)">Canvas Ventures</a> are the main investors in Luminar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell, an applied physicist, was programming by age 9, building supercomputers by the age of 12,<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_UK_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired_UK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and worked on developing advanced laser technology at the <a href="/wiki/Beckman_Laser_Institute" title="Beckman Laser Institute">Beckman Laser Institute</a> as a teenager.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Russell founded Luminar with the support from his then advisor, now co-founder, Jason Eichenholz to develop a new kind of <a href="/wiki/Lidar" title="Lidar">LiDAR</a> specifically for <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cars">autonomous cars</a>. Russell was attending <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> when entrepreneur and venture capitalist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel</a> awarded him $100,000 to drop out after just three months to focus full-time on Luminar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sum was given as part of Thiel's Fellowship program which awards $100,000 to budding entrepreneurs aged 22 or younger to skip college and work on an innovative project.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell's advisor, Eichenholz, became the firm's CTO, and Luminar subsequently acquired his optics productization company, Open Photonics.<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209489738">.mw-parser-output .brokenref{display:none}</style><span class="brokenref">Cite error: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209489738"><span class="brokenref">A <code><ref></code> tag is missing the closing <code></ref></code> (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_included_ref" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error included ref">help page</a>).</span></span></span> </p><p>As of October 2017, Luminar had 250 employees, most of which are based in the firm's 70,000 square feet (6,500 m<sup>2</sup>) manufacturing facility in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>. The company's office is in the <a href="/wiki/Portola_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Portola Valley">Portola Valley</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> area, in a building which was formerly a tank repair warehouse.<sup id="cite_ref-UBI_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also uses an empty warehouse on a pier in San Francisco to test vehicles fitted with the technology.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell has said of his and Eichenholz's process for developing its technology: "We had to find 2000 ways not to make a lidar system before we found the one way that finally delivers on what the industry needs. We made a breakthrough that will allow self-driving cars to be ubiquitous and, most importantly, safe".<sup id="cite_ref-LFW_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LFW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cars">Autonomous cars</a> rely on <a href="/wiki/Lidar" title="Lidar">Lidar</a>, a type of a laser-based radar which allows the cars to view and judge the environment around them in 3D. Though Lidar technology has been around since the 1960s, Russell states that "We鈥檙e making our own lasers, our own receivers, our own scanning mechanisms, our own processing electronics鈥攁ll from scratch."<sup id="cite_ref-FC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison to most systems for autonomous vehicles using Lidar lasers which use off the shelf components and operate at the 905 nanometer wavelength, Luminar sensors are more dynamic and operate at 1550 nanometer wavelength,<sup id="cite_ref-UBI_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making them more powerful.<sup id="cite_ref-FC_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technology is able to see low <a href="/wiki/Reflectivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflectivity">reflectivity</a> objects at ten percent up to 250 metres (820 ft), in comparison to 905 nanometer systems only seeing that object at about 30 metres (98 ft) to 40 metres (130 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-UBI_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FC_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The enhanced laser technology, testament to several years of development from Russell and his team, makes it possible for cars to attain speeds of 75 mph (with 7 seconds reaction time),<sup id="cite_ref-TC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without breaching eye safety rules,<sup id="cite_ref-TR_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are able to work in adverse weather conditions, seeing through fog and dust.<sup id="cite_ref-TC_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Technology_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology Review">Technology Review</a></i>, the Luminar sensor is also able to "zoom in on a particular object by directing more laser beams in that direction, using a system of small, moving mirrors that actively steer its laser".<sup id="cite_ref-TR_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luminar sensors are only slightly larger than a <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Wii" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Wii">Nintendo Wii</a> and are fitted into the bumper of the cars.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2017 Luminar was producing 100 units,<sup id="cite_ref-UBI_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UBI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some of which were integrated into <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tesla" class="mw-disambig" title="Tesla">Tesla</a> cars,<sup id="cite_ref-TR_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the firm has set a target for 10,000 automotive Lidar units for its next generation.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LFW_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LFW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long term goal of Luminar is to fit the technology into all automobiles, and they plan on commencing much larger-scale operations with hundreds of thousands being produced annually by 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-FC_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell has said of development: "An autonomous vehicle that鈥檚 99 percent safe won鈥檛 be good enough. This is mission critical. You can鈥檛 afford to miss a single object because that object could be a person.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There's a huge race to the bottom in the race for commoditization of LiDAR. It's getting to the point where these sensors are more appropriate for Roombas (robotic household vacuums) than autonomous vehicles. They don't have anything close to good enough to drive an autonomous car."<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partners">Partners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Partners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> Research Institute debuted its Platform 2.1 with integration of Luminar sensing platform. <sup id="cite_ref-Fortune_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortune-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vehicles are being tested on public roads in Silicon Valley, Ann Arbor, Mich., and Cambridge, Mass. <sup id="cite_ref-Fortune_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortune-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OBJ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OBJ_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/technology/os-bz-stealth-startups-20170512-story.html">"Luminar gave up exposure for secrecy as it operated in stealth"</a>. Orlando Business Journal. 12 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luminar+gave+up+exposure+for+secrecy+as+it+operated+in+stealth&rft.pub=Orlando+Business+Journal&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftechnology%2Fos-bz-stealth-startups-20170512-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wired_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies,_Alex2017" class="citation web cs1">Davies, Alex (27 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/toyota-luminar-lidar-self-driving-car/">"Toyota's Self-Driving Cars Get New Lasers to See the World"</a>. Wired<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toyota%27s+Self-Driving+Cars+Get+New+Lasers+to+See+the+World&rft.pub=Wired&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft.au=Davies%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Ftoyota-luminar-lidar-self-driving-car%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired_UK-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wired_UK_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/lidar-luminar-technologies-autonomous-cars-safety">"Meet the boy genius changing the way driverless cars see"</a>. Wired UK. 4 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+boy+genius+changing+the+way+driverless+cars+see&rft.pub=Wired+UK&rft.date=2017-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Flidar-luminar-technologies-autonomous-cars-safety&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhnsman,_Alan2017" class="citation web cs1">Ohnsman, Alan (13 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/04/13/a-22-year-old-ceo-has-a-vision-for-making-self-driving-cars-a-reality/#5bd12f7a3c46">"A 22-Year-Old CEO Has A Vision For Making Self-Driving Cars A Reality"</a>. Forbes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+22-Year-Old+CEO+Has+A+Vision+For+Making+Self-Driving+Cars+A+Reality&rft.pub=Forbes&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft.au=Ohnsman%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Falanohnsman%2F2017%2F04%2F13%2Fa-22-year-old-ceo-has-a-vision-for-making-self-driving-cars-a-reality%2F%235bd12f7a3c46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOR-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOR_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ryanmac/2013/05/09/billionaire-peter-thiel-backs-more-high-schoolers-to-skip-school-start-companies/#4ffa0f472533">"Billionaire Facebook Investor Peter Thiel Backs More Students To Skip School, Start Companies"</a>. Forbes. 9 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billionaire+Facebook+Investor+Peter+Thiel+Backs+More+Students+To+Skip+School%2C+Start+Companies&rft.pub=Forbes&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fryanmac%2F2013%2F05%2F09%2Fbillionaire-peter-thiel-backs-more-high-schoolers-to-skip-school-start-companies%2F%234ffa0f472533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thielfellowship.org/faq/">"FAQ"</a>. Thielfellowship.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ&rft.pub=Thielfellowship.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthielfellowship.org%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|1=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UBI-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UBI_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UBI_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UBI_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UBI_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/peter-thiel-backed-austin-russell-launches-luminar-lidar-startup-2017-4?r=US&IR=T">"Meet the 22-year-old college dropout who wants to power every future self-driving car"</a>. Business Insider. 15 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+22-year-old+college+dropout+who+wants+to+power+every+future+self-driving+car&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft.date=2017-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.businessinsider.com%2Fpeter-thiel-backed-austin-russell-launches-luminar-lidar-startup-2017-4%3Fr%3DUS%26IR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FC_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FC_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FC_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FC_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FC_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/40406052/this-sensor-technology-ceo-wants-to-be-in-self-driving-cars-by-his-26th-birthday">"This 22-Year-Old CEO Wants To Help Make Self-Driving Cars Affordable"</a>. Fast Company. 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+22-Year-Old+CEO+Wants+To+Help+Make+Self-Driving+Cars+Affordable&rft.pub=Fast+Company&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F40406052%2Fthis-sensor-technology-ceo-wants-to-be-in-self-driving-cars-by-his-26th-birthday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LAT_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-hy-luminar-self-driving-20170413-story.html">"Luminar thinks its lidar for driverless cars can leave Waymo's and Uber's in the dust"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luminar+thinks+its+lidar+for+driverless+cars+can+leave+Waymo%27s+and+Uber%27s+in+the+dust&rft.pub=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftechnology%2Fla-fi-hy-luminar-self-driving-20170413-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LFW-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LFW_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LFW_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolton,_Conard2017" class="citation web cs1">Holton, Conard (13 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/2017/04/lidar-startup-luminar-enters-autonomous-vehicle-market.html">"Lidar startup Luminar enters autonomous vehicle market"</a>. LaserFocusWorld<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lidar+startup+Luminar+enters+autonomous+vehicle+market&rft.pub=LaserFocusWorld&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft.au=Holton%2C+Conard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laserfocusworld.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F04%2Flidar-startup-luminar-enters-autonomous-vehicle-market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/automobiles/wheels/lidar-self-driving-cars.html?_r=0">"WhatSelf-Driving Cars See"</a>. The New York Times. 25 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WhatSelf-Driving+Cars+See&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2017-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F25%2Fautomobiles%2Fwheels%2Flidar-self-driving-cars.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TC-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TC_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TC_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/13/luminar-debuts-a-sensor-to-make-self-driving-cars-safer-than-human/">"Luminar reveals sensors that could make self-driving cars safer than human"</a>. Tech Crunch. 13 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luminar+reveals+sensors+that+could+make+self-driving+cars+safer+than+human&rft.pub=Tech+Crunch&rft.date=2013-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2017%2F04%2F13%2Fluminar-debuts-a-sensor-to-make-self-driving-cars-safer-than-human%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TR_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TR_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/604136/college-dropout-says-hes-cracked-self-driving-cars-most-crucial-component/">"College Dropout Says He's Cracked Self-Driving Cars' Most Crucial Component"</a>. Technology Review. 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+Dropout+Says+He%E2%80%99s+Cracked+Self-Driving+Cars%E2%80%99+Most+Crucial+Component&rft.pub=Technology+Review&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Fs%2F604136%2Fcollege-dropout-says-hes-cracked-self-driving-cars-most-crucial-component%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fortune-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fortune_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fortune_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2017/09/27/toyota-self-driving-car-luminar/">"Toyota Unveils A Next-Generation Self-Driving Car For Testing"</a>. Fortune Magazine. 27 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toyota+Unveils+A+Next-Generation+Self-Driving+Car+For+Testing&rft.pub=Fortune+Magazine&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2017%2F09%2F27%2Ftoyota-self-driving-car-luminar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AGrit2017%2Fsandbox" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_2012" title="Category:Companies established in 2012">Category:Companies established in 2012</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Technology_companies_based_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Category:Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area">Category:Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Orlando,_Florida" title="Category:Companies based in Orlando, Florida">Category:Companies based in Orlando, Florida</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Unmanned_ground_vehicles" title="Category:Unmanned ground vehicles">Category:Unmanned ground vehicles</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_safety_technologies" title="Category:Automotive safety technologies">Category:Automotive safety technologies</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Advanced_driver_assistance_systems" title="Category:Advanced driver assistance systems">Category:Advanced driver assistance systems</a> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&oldid=822163163">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&oldid=822163163</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:User_pages_with_reference_errors" title="Category:User pages with reference errors">User pages with reference errors</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 January 2018, at 19:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia庐 is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Grit2017/sandbox&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-dtnhv","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.369","walltime":"0.449","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1750,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":36010,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1407,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":57063,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 410.344 1 -total"," 42.50% 174.404 1 Template:Reflist"," 36.19% 148.489 14 Template:Cite_web"," 30.28% 124.248 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 27.03% 110.906 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.08% 33.137 5 Template:Convert"," 7.58% 31.102 2 Template:Broken_ref"," 2.69% 11.042 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries"," 2.40% 9.837 1 Template:URL"," 0.60% 2.462 5 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.199","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7483856,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-cdbc8b498-wxd28","timestamp":"20241114165327","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>