CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>URL - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e6461879-f270-4970-b288-f566c8ea2bad","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"URL","wgTitle":"URL","wgCurRevisionId":1230124093,"wgRevisionId":1230124093,"wgArticleId":47817022,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use dmy dates from May 2020","URL","Identifiers","Internet properties established in 1994"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"URL","wgRelevantArticleId":47817022,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom": "Uniform_Resource_Locator","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/URL","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q42253","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="URL - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-URL rootpage-URL skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=URL" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=URL" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=URL" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=URL" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internationalized_URL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internationalized_URL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Internationalized URL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internationalized_URL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protocol-relative_URLs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocol-relative_URLs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Protocol-relative URLs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protocol-relative_URLs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">URL</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronadres" title="Bronadres – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bronadres" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettfrumfindend" title="Nettfrumfindend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nettfrumfindend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="محدد موقع الموارد الموحد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محدد موقع الموارد الموحد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8lo:URL" title="Modèlo:URL – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Modèlo:URL" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0" title="ইউনিফর্ম রিসোর্স লোকেটর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউনিফর্ম রিসোর্স লোকেটর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="यूआरएल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यूआरएल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Унифициран локатор на ресурси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Унифициран локатор на ресурси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localitzador_uniforme_de_recursos" title="Localitzador uniforme de recursos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Localitzador uniforme de recursos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetiaadress" title="Internetiaadress – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Internetiaadress" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ενιαίος Εντοπιστής Πόρων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενιαίος Εντοπιστής Πόρων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localizador_de_recursos_uniforme" title="Localizador de recursos uniforme – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Localizador de recursos uniforme" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B9_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مکان‌یاب منبع یکسان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکان‌یاب منبع یکسان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimsitheoir_Aonfhoirmeach_Acmhainne" title="Aimsitheoir Aonfhoirmeach Acmhainne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aimsitheoir Aonfhoirmeach Acmhainne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0" title="યુનિફોર્મ રિસોર્સ લોકેટર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યુનિફોર્મ રિસોર્સ લોકેટર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF)" title="सम स्रोत निर्धारक (स्रोनि) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सम स्रोत निर्धारक (स्रोनि)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokator_Sumber_Seragam" title="Lokator Sumber Seragam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lokator Sumber Seragam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netsl%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Netslóð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Netslóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81.%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D.%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯು.ಆರ್.ಎಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯು.ಆರ್.ಎಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniforme_Rerum_Locatrum" title="Uniforme Rerum Locatrum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uniforme Rerum Locatrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienotais_resursu_vietr%C4%81dis" title="Vienotais resursu vietrādis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vienotais resursu vietrādis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="യൂനിഫോം റിസോഴ്സ് ലൊക്കേറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂനിഫോം റിസോഴ്സ് ലൊക്കേറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84" title="يو آر إل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يو آر إل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelokasi_Sumber_Seragam" title="Pelokasi Sumber Seragam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pelokasi Sumber Seragam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="युआरएल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युआरएल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ୟୁନିଫର୍ମ ରିସୋର୍ସ ଲୋକେଟର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ୟୁନିଫର୍ମ ରିସୋର୍ସ ଲୋକେଟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਯੂ ਆਰ ਐੱਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂ ਆਰ ਐੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%84" title="يو ار اېل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يو ار اېل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localizator_uniform_de_resurse" title="Localizator uniform de resurse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Localizator uniform de resurse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednotn%C3%BD_vyh%C4%BEad%C3%A1va%C4%8D_prostriedku" title="Jednotný vyhľadávač prostriedku – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jednotný vyhľadávač prostriedku" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شوێندۆزی سەرچاوەی جیھانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شوێندۆزی سەرچاوەی جیھانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="உரலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ยูอาร์แอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูอาร์แอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Уніфікований локатор ресурсів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уніфікований локатор ресурсів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یو آر ایل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یو آر ایل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源定位符 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="统一资源定位符" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E5%9D%80" title="網址 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="網址" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源定位符 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="统一资源定位符" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/URL" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:URL" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/URL"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/URL"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/URL" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/URL" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=URL&id=1230124093&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FURL"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FURL"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=URL&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=URL&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uniform_Resource_Locator" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Web_Design/URL_format" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42253" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Locator&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">Uniform Resource Locator</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Web address to a particular file or page</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/URL_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="URL (disambiguation)">URL (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">URL</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Uniform resource locator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">URL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">1994<span class="noprint">; 30 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1994</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org">Living Standard</a><br />2023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</a> (WHATWG)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">Request for Comments (RFC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren" title="Anne van Kesteren">Anne van Kesteren</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. – Uniform Resource Locators (URL).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>. – Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4248">4248</a>. – The telnet URI Scheme.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4266">4266</a>. – The gopher URI Scheme.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6068">6068</a>. – The 'mailto' URI Scheme.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6196">6196</a>. – Moving mailserver: URI Scheme to Historic.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6270">6270</a>. – The 'tn3270' URI Scheme.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">URN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">License</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org">url<wbr />.spec<wbr />.whatwg<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>uniform resource locator</b> (<b>URL</b>), colloquially known as an <b>address</b> on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">Web</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a reference to a <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">resource</a> that specifies its location on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a> and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> (URI),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFC_39862005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_39862005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although many people use the two terms interchangeably.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> URLs occur most commonly to reference <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a>/<a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>) but are also used for file transfer (<a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a>), email (<a href="/wiki/Mailto" title="Mailto">mailto</a>), database access (<a href="/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity" title="Java Database Connectivity">JDBC</a>), and many other applications. </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> display the URL of a web page above the page in an <a href="/wiki/Address_bar" title="Address bar">address bar</a>. A typical URL could have the form <code>http://www.example.com/index.html</code>, which indicates a protocol (<code>http</code>), a <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a> (<code>www.example.com</code>), and a file name (<code>index.html</code>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Uniform Resource Locators were defined in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a> in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, and the URI working group of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C1994_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an outcome of collaboration started at the IETF Living Documents <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_a_feather_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of a feather (computing)">birds of a feather</a> session in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C1994_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIETF1992_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIETF1992-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The format combines the pre-existing system of <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain names</a> (created in 1985) with <a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">file path</a> syntax, where <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slashes</a> are used to separate <a href="/wiki/Folder_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folder (computing)">directory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filename" title="Filename">filenames</a>. Conventions already existed where server names could be prefixed to complete file paths, preceded by a double slash (<code>//</code>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berners-Lee later expressed regret at the use of dots to separate the parts of the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> within <a href="/wiki/URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URIs</a>, wishing he had used slashes throughout,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also said that, given the colon following the first component of a URI, the two slashes before the domain name were unnecessary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early <a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a> collaborators including Berners-Lee originally proposed the use of UDIs: Universal Document Identifiers. An early (1993) draft of the HTML Specification<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referred to "Universal" Resource Locators. This was dropped some time between June 1994 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1630">1630</a>) and October 1994 (draft-ietf-uri-url-08.txt).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i><a href="/wiki/Weaving_the_Web" title="Weaving the Web">Weaving the Web</a></i>, Berners-Lee emphasizes his preference for the original inclusion of "universal" in the expansion rather than the word "uniform", to which it was later changed, and he gives a brief account of the contention that led to the change. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax"><span class="anchor" id="syntax"></span>Syntax</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Syntax" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier § Syntax</a></div> <p>Every HTTP URL conforms to the syntax of a generic URI. The URI generic syntax consists of five <i>components</i> organized hierarchically in order of decreasing significance from left to right:<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3986_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §3">: §3 </span></sup> </p> <pre>URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] </pre> <p>A component is <i>undefined</i> if it has an associated delimiter and the delimiter does not appear in the URI; the scheme and path components are always defined.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3986_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §5.2.1">: §5.2.1 </span></sup> A component is <i>empty</i> if it has no characters; the scheme component is always non-empty.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3986_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §3">: §3 </span></sup> </p><p>The authority component consists of <i>subcomponents</i>: </p> <pre>authority = [userinfo "@"] host [":" port] </pre> <p>This is represented in a <a href="/wiki/Syntax_diagram" title="Syntax diagram">syntax diagram</a> as: </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="URI syntax diagram"><img alt="URI syntax diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/URI_syntax_diagram.svg/1068px-URI_syntax_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1068" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/URI_syntax_diagram.svg/1602px-URI_syntax_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/URI_syntax_diagram.svg/2136px-URI_syntax_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> </p><p>The URI comprises: </p> <ul><li>A non-empty <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="scheme"></span><span class="vanchor-text">scheme</span></span></b> component followed by a colon (<code>:</code>), consisting of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus (<code>+</code>), period (<code>.</code>), or hyphen (<code>-</code>). Although schemes are case-insensitive, the canonical form is lowercase and documents that specify schemes must do so with lowercase letters. Examples of popular schemes include <code><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">http</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/HTTP_Secure" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP Secure">https</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">ftp</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Mailto" title="Mailto">mailto</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/File_URI_scheme" title="File URI scheme">file</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Data_URI_scheme" title="Data URI scheme">data</a></code> and <code><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat#URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">irc</a></code>. URI schemes should be registered with the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)</a>, although non-registered schemes are used in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An optional <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="authority"></span><span class="vanchor-text">authority</span></span></b> component preceded by two slashes (<code>//</code>), comprising: <ul><li>An optional <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="userinfo"></span><span class="vanchor-text">userinfo</span></span></b> subcomponent followed by an at symbol (<code>@</code>), that may consist of a <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">user name</a> and an optional <a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">password</a> preceded by a colon (<code>:</code>). Use of the format <code>username:password</code> in the userinfo subcomponent is deprecated for security reasons. Applications should not render as clear text any data after the first colon (<code>:</code>) found within a userinfo subcomponent unless the data after the colon is the empty string (indicating no password).</li> <li>A <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="host"></span><span class="vanchor-text">host</span></span></b> subcomponent, consisting of either a registered name (including but not limited to a <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a>) or an <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>. <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> addresses must be in <a href="/wiki/Dot-decimal_notation" title="Dot-decimal notation">dot-decimal notation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> addresses must be enclosed in brackets (<code>[]</code>).<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3986_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §3.2.2">: §3.2.2 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An optional <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="port"></span><span class="vanchor-text">port</span></span></b> subcomponent preceded by a colon (<code>:</code>), consisting of decimal digits.</li></ul></li> <li>A <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="path"></span><span class="vanchor-text">path</span></span></b> component, consisting of a sequence of path segments separated by a slash (<code>/</code>). A path is always defined for a URI, though the defined path may be empty (zero length). A segment may also be empty, resulting in two consecutive slashes (<code>//</code>) in the path component. A path component may resemble or map exactly to a <a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">file system path</a> but does not always imply a relation to one. If an authority component is defined, then the path component must either be empty or begin with a slash (<code>/</code>). If an authority component is undefined, then the path cannot begin with an empty segment—that is, with two slashes (<code>//</code>)—since the following characters would be interpreted as an authority component.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc2396_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc2396-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §3.3">: §3.3 </span></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>By convention, in <b>http</b> and <b>https</b> URIs, the last part of a <i>path</i> is named <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="pathinfo"></span><span class="vanchor-text">pathinfo</span></span></b> and it is optional. It is composed by zero or more path segments that do not refer to an existing physical resource name (e.g. a file, an internal module program or an executable program) but to a logical part (e.g. a command or a qualifier part) that has to be passed separately to the first part of the path that identifies an executable module or program managed by a <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a>; this is often used to select dynamic content (a document, etc.) or to tailor it as requested (see also: <a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI</a> and PATH_INFO, etc.).</dd> <dd>Example: <dl><dd>URI: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"http://www.example.com/questions/3456/my-document"</code></dd> <dd>where: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"/questions"</code> is the first part of the <i>path</i> (an executable module or program) and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"/3456/my-document"</code> is the second part of the <i>path</i> named <i>pathinfo</i>, which is passed to the executable module or program named <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"/questions"</code> to select the requested document.</dd></dl></dd> <dd>An <b>http</b> or <b>https</b> URI containing a <i>pathinfo</i> part without a <a href="#query">query</a> part may also be referred to as a '<a href="/wiki/Clean_URL" title="Clean URL">clean URL</a>,' whose last part may be a '<a href="/wiki/Clean_URL#Slug" title="Clean URL">slug</a>.'</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th>Query delimiter </th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ampersand (<code>&</code>) </td> <td><code>key1=value1&key2=value2</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Semicolon (<code>;</code>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><code>key1=value1;key2=value2</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>An optional <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="query"></span><span class="vanchor-text">query</span></span></b> component preceded by a question mark (<code>?</code>), consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Query_string" title="Query string">query string</a> of non-hierarchical data. Its syntax is not well defined, but by convention is most often a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Attribute%E2%80%93value_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Attribute–value pair">attribute–value pairs</a> separated by a <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiter</a>.</li> <li>An optional <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="fragment"></span><span class="vanchor-text">fragment</span></span></b> component preceded by a <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">hash</a> (<code>#</code>). The fragment contains a <a href="/wiki/Fragment_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragment identifier">fragment identifier</a> providing direction to a secondary resource, such as a section heading in an article identified by the remainder of the URI. When the primary resource is an <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> document, the fragment is often an <a href="/wiki/HTML#Attributes" title="HTML"><code>id</code> attribute</a> of a specific element, and web browsers will scroll this element into view.</li></ul> <p>A web browser will usually <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Resolution" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">dereference</a> a URL by performing an <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> request to the specified host, by default on port number 80. URLs using the <code>https</code> scheme require that requests and responses be made over a <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">secure connection to the website</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Internationalised_URL"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internationalized_URL">Internationalized URL</h2></div> <p>Internet users are distributed throughout the world using a wide variety of languages and alphabets, and expect to be able to create URLs in their own local alphabets. An <a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">Internationalized Resource Identifier</a> (IRI) is a form of URL that includes <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. All modern browsers support IRIs. The parts of the URL requiring special treatment for different alphabets are the domain name and path.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2008_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2014_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The domain name in the IRI is known as an <a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Domain_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationalized Domain Name">Internationalized Domain Name</a> (IDN). Web and Internet software automatically convert the domain name into <a href="/wiki/Punycode" title="Punycode">punycode</a> usable by the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a>; for example, the Chinese URL <code>http://例子.卷筒纸</code> becomes <code>http://xn--fsqu00a.xn--3lr804guic/</code>. The <code>xn--</code> indicates that the character was not originally <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIANA2003_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIANA2003-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The URL path name can also be specified by the user in the local writing system. If not already encoded, it is converted to <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, and any characters not part of the basic URL character set are escaped as <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> using <a href="/wiki/Percent-encoding" title="Percent-encoding">percent-encoding</a>; for example, the Japanese URL <code> http://example.com/引き割り.html</code> becomes <code>http://example.com/%E5%BC%95%E3%81%8D%E5%89%B2%E3%82%8A.html</code>. The target computer decodes the address and displays the page.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2008_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protocol-relative_URLs"><span class="anchor" id="prurl"></span>Protocol-relative URLs</h2></div> <p>Protocol-relative links (PRL), also known as protocol-relative URLs (PRURL), are URLs that have no protocol specified. For example, <code>//example.com</code> will use the protocol of the current page, typically HTTP or HTTPS.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">Hyperlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_uniform_resource_locator" title="Persistent uniform resource locator">PURL</a> – Persistent URL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a> (Compact URI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_fragment" title="URI fragment">URI fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_resource_locator" title="Internet resource locator">Internet resource locator</a> (IRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">Internationalized Resource Identifier</a> (IRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_URL" title="Clean URL">Clean URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typosquatting" title="Typosquatting">Typosquatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_normalization" title="URI normalization">URI normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)#Networking" title="Slash (punctuation)">Use of slashes in networking</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A URL implies the means to access an indicated resource and is denoted by a protocol or an access mechanism, which is not true of every URI.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFC_23961998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_23961998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus <code>http://www.example.com</code> is a URL, while <code>www.example.com</code> is not.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The procedures for registering new URI schemes were originally defined in 1999 by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2717">2717</a>, and are now defined by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595">7595</a>, published in June 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc7595_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc7595-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For URIs relating to resources on the World Wide Web, some web browsers allow <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.0</code> portions of dot-decimal notation to be dropped or raw integer IP addresses to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawrence2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866">1866</a> (obsoleted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2854">2854</a>) encourages CGI authors to support ';' in addition to '&'.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1866_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1866-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §8.2.1">: §8.2.1 </span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2009_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFW3C2009">W3C (2009)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zzz.buzz/2017/09/19/forward-and-backslashes-in-urls/">"Forward and Backslashes in URLs"</a>. <i>zzz.buzz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904050005/https://zzz.buzz/2017/09/19/forward-and-backslashes-in-urls/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zzz.buzz&rft.atitle=Forward+and+Backslashes+in+URLs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzzz.buzz%2F2017%2F09%2F19%2Fforward-and-backslashes-in-urls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_39862005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFC_39862005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRFC_39862005">RFC 3986 (2005)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002">Joint W3C/IETF URI Planning Interest Group (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_23961998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFC_23961998_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRFC_23961998">RFC 2396 (1998)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiessler" class="citation web cs1">Miessler, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://danielmiessler.com/study/url-uri/#gs.Hs64zOs">"The Difference Between URLs and URIs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054341/https://danielmiessler.com/study/url-uri/#gs.Hs64zOs">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Difference+Between+URLs+and+URIs&rft.aulast=Miessler&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdanielmiessler.com%2Fstudy%2Furl-uri%2F%23gs.Hs64zOs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C1994-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C1994_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C1994_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFW3C1994">W3C (1994)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIETF1992-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIETF1992_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIETF1992">IETF (1992)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerners-Lee2015">Berners-Lee (2015)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2009-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2009_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBBC_News2009">BBC News (2009)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeConnolly1993" class="citation techreport cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Connolly" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Connolly">Connolly, Daniel "Dan"</a> (March 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucc.ie/archive/curia/dtds/html-spec.ps"><i>Hypertext Markup Language (draft RFCxxx)</i></a> (Technical report). p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023232709/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/curia/dtds/html-spec.ps">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hypertext+Markup+Language+%28draft+RFCxxx%29&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1993-03&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Connolly%2C+Daniel+%22Dan%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Farchive%2Fcuria%2Fdtds%2Fhtml-spec.ps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeMasinterMcCahill1994" class="citation techreport cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">Masinter, Larry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Perry_McCahill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Perry McCahill">McCahill, Mark Perry</a> (October 1994). <i>Uniform Resource Locators (URL)</i> (Technical report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Locators+%28URL%29&rft.date=1994-10&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft.au=McCahill%2C+Mark+Perry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span> (This Internet-Draft was published as a Proposed Standard RFC, <a href="#CITEREFRFC_17381994">RFC 1738 (1994)</a>) Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngMartin1995" class="citation techreport cs1">Ang, C. S.; Martin, D. C. (January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9501&L=HTML-WG&P=R23201&X=C6F9505B05BC9A3B67"><i>Constituent Component Interface++</i></a> (Technical report). UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023231159/https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9501&L=HTML-WG&P=R23201&X=C6F9505B05BC9A3B67">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Constituent+Component+Interface%2B%2B&rft.pub=UCSF+Library+and+Center+for+Knowledge+Management&rft.date=1995-01&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft.au=Martin%2C+D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.heanet.ie%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind9501%26L%3DHTML-WG%26P%3DR23201%26X%3DC6F9505B05BC9A3B67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3986-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Berners-LeeR._FieldingL._Masinter2005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_Fielding" title="Roy Fielding">R. Fielding</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">L. Masinter</a> (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986"><i>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3986">10.17487/RFC3986</a></span>. STD 66. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifier+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3986&rft.au=T.+Berners-Lee&rft.au=R.+Fielding&rft.au=L.+Masinter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Internet Standard 66.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2732">2732</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">2396</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1808">1808</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6874">6874</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7320">7320</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8820">8820</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc7595-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc7595_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansenHardie2015" class="citation cs1">Hansen, Tony; Hardie, Ted (June 2015). Thaler, Dave (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595"><i>Guidelines and Registration Procedures for URI Schemes</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7595">10.17487/RFC7595</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. BCP 35. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595">7595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+and+Registration+Procedures+for+URI+Schemes&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7595&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Hardie%2C+Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Best Current Practice.</i> Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8615">8615</a>. Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4395">4395</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence2014-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawrence2014_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLawrence2014">Lawrence (2014)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc2396-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc2396_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Berners-LeeR._FieldingL._Masinter1998" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_Fielding" title="Roy Fielding">R. Fielding</a>; L. Masinter (August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396"><i>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2396">10.17487/RFC2396</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">2396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1998-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2396&rft.au=T.+Berners-Lee&rft.au=R.+Fielding&rft.au=L.+Masinter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Obsolete.</i> Obsoleted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2732">2732</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1808">1808</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc1866-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc1866_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeConnolly1995" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; Connolly, Daniel W. (November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866"><i>Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1866">10.17487/RFC1866</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866">1866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hypertext+Markup+Language+-+2.0&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1995-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1866&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Connolly%2C+Daniel+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Historic.</i> Obsoleted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2854">2854</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2008-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2008_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2008_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFW3C2008">W3C (2008)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2014-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2014_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFW3C2014">W3C (2014)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIANA2003-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIANA2003_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIANA2003">IANA (2003)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaser2014" class="citation book cs1">Glaser, J. D. (2014-03-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6u2sBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA193"><i>Secure Development for Mobile Apps: How to Design and Code Secure Mobile Applications with PHP and JavaScript</i></a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-48220903-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-48220903-7"><bdi>978-1-48220903-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secure+Development+for+Mobile+Apps%3A+How+to+Design+and+Code+Secure+Mobile+Applications+with+PHP+and+JavaScript&rft.pages=193&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft.isbn=978-1-48220903-7&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6u2sBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer2011" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Steven M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DW0uyBZzEDwC&pg=PT124"><i>HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible</i></a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-11808130-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-11808130-3"><bdi>978-1-11808130-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HTML%2C+XHTML%2C+and+CSS+Bible&rft.pages=124&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-11808130-3&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Steven+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDW0uyBZzEDwC%26pg%3DPT124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8306631.stm">"Berners-Lee "sorry" for slashes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2009-10-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605102245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8306631.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berners-Lee+%22sorry%22+for+slashes&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2009-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F8306631.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIETF1992" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/Conferences/IETF92/WWX_BOF_mins.html">"Living Documents BoF Minutes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. 1992-03-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122075812/http://www.w3.org/Conferences/IETF92/WWX_BOF_mins.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+Documents+BoF+Minutes&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=1992-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FConferences%2FIETF92%2FWWX_BOF_mins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW3C1994" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a> (1994-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/Addressing/URL/url-spec.txt">"Uniform Resource Locators (URL): A Syntax for the Expression of Access Information of Objects on the Network"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909152849/http://www.w3.org/Addressing/URL/url-spec.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Locators+%28URL%29%3A+A+Syntax+for+the+Expression+of+Access+Information+of+Objects+on+the+Network&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=1994-03-21&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FAddressing%2FURL%2Furl-spec.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_17381994" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">Masinter, Larry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Perry_McCahill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Perry McCahill">McCahill, Mark Perry</a> (December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738"><i>Uniform Resource Locators (URL)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1738">10.17487/RFC1738</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Locators+%28URL%29&rft.date=1994-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1738&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft.au=McCahill%2C+Mark+Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-Lee2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a> (2015) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#etc">"Why the //, #, etc?"</a>. <i>Frequently asked questions</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200514191316/https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#etc">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frequently+asked+questions&rft.atitle=Why+the+%2F%2F%2C+%23%2C+etc%3F&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FPeople%2FBerners-Lee%2FFAQ.html%23etc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW3C2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Connolly_(computer_scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Connolly (computer scientist)">Connolly, Daniel "Dan"</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._Michael_Sperberg-McQueen" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen">Sperberg-McQueen, C. Michael</a>, eds. (2009-05-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/href/draft#url">"Web addresses in HTML 5"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710151425/http://www.w3.org/html/wg/href/draft#url">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+addresses+in+HTML+5&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2009-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2Fhtml%2Fwg%2Fhref%2Fdraft%23url&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIANA2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a> (2003-02-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041208124351/http://www.atm.tut.fi/list-archive/ietf-announce/msg13572.html">"Completion of IANA Selection of IDNA Prefix"</a>. <i>IETF-Announce mailing list</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atm.tut.fi/list-archive/ietf-announce/msg13572.html">the original</a> on 2004-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IETF-Announce+mailing+list&rft.atitle=Completion+of+IANA+Selection+of+IDNA+Prefix&rft.date=2003-02-14&rft.au=IANA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atm.tut.fi%2Flist-archive%2Fietf-announce%2Fmsg13572.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_18661995" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Connolly_(computer_scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Connolly (computer scientist)">Connolly, Daniel "Dan"</a> (November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866#section-8.2.1">"Hypertext Markup Language – 2.0"</a>. <i>IETF Datatracker</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. sec. 8.2.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1866">10.17487/RFC1866</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6628570">6628570</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866">1866</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IETF+Datatracker&rft.atitle=Hypertext+Markup+Language+%E2%80%93+2.0&rft.pages=sec.-8.2.1&rft.date=1995-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1866&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6628570%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Connolly%2C+Daniel+%22Dan%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1866%26%23035%3Bsection-8.2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_23961998" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_T._Fielding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy T. Fielding">Fielding, Roy T.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">Masinter, Larry</a> (August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396"><i>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2396">10.17487/RFC2396</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">2396</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.date=1998-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2396&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Fielding%2C+Roy+T.&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIETF2015" class="citation cs1">Hansen, Tony; Hardie, Ted (June 2015). Thaler, Dave (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595"><i>Guidelines and Registration Procedures for URI Schemes</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7595">10.17487/RFC7595</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595">7595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+and+Registration+Procedures+for+URI+Schemes&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7595&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Hardie%2C+Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mealling" title="Michael Mealling">Mealling, Michael</a>; Denenberg, Ray, eds. (August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3305"><i>Report from the Joint W3C/IETF URI Planning Interest Group: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), URLs, and Uniform Resource Names (URNs): Clarifications and Recommendations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3305">10.17487/RFC3305</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3305">3305</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+from+the+Joint+W3C%2FIETF+URI+Planning+Interest+Group%3A+Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URIs%29%2C+URLs%2C+and+Uniform+Resource+Names+%28URNs%29%3A+Clarifications+and+Recommendations&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_39862005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_T._Fielding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy T. Fielding">Fielding, Roy T.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">Masinter, Larry</a> (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986"><i>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3986">10.17487/RFC3986</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3986&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Fielding%2C+Roy+T.&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_3986,_section_32005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_T._Fielding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy T. Fielding">Fielding, Roy T.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">Masinter, Larry</a> (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3">"Syntax Components"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986"><i>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>. sec. 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3986">10.17487/RFC3986</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syntax+Components&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pages=sec.-3&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3986&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Fielding%2C+Roy+T.&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986%26%23035%3Bsection-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW3C2008" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/International/articles/idn-and-iri/">"An Introduction to Multilingual Web Addresses"</a>. 2008-05-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150105041451/http://www.w3.org/International/articles/idn-and-iri/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Multilingual+Web+Addresses&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FInternational%2Farticles%2Fidn-and-iri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW3C2014" class="citation web cs1">Phillip, A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/International/wiki/IRIStatus">"What is Happening with "International URLs"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217192459/https://www.w3.org/International/wiki/IRIStatus">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Happening+with+%22International+URLs%22&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Phillip&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FInternational%2Fwiki%2FIRIStatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2014" class="citation web cs1">Lawrence, Eric (2014-03-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ieinternals/browser-arcana-ip-literals-in-urls">"Browser Arcana: IP Literals in URLs"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622181648/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ieinternals/browser-arcana-ip-literals-in-urls">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Browser+Arcana%3A+IP+Literals+in+URLs&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Farchive%2Fblogs%2Fieinternals%2Fbrowser-arcana-ip-literals-in-urls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/">URL specification</a> at <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slevithan.github.io/parseuri/demo/">URL splitter</a> that splits any URI into its parts</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hypermedia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hypermedia" title="Template:Hypermedia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hypermedia" title="Template talk:Hypermedia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hypermedia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hypermedia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hypermedia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">Hypermedia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">Hyperlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_fiction" title="Hypertext fiction">Hypertext fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypervideo" title="Hypervideo">Hypervideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_hypermedia" title="Adaptive hypermedia">Adaptive hypermedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_educational_hypermedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive educational hypermedia">educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoring_of_adaptive_hypermedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoring of adaptive hypermedia">authoring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlinks_in_virtual_worlds" title="Hyperlinks in virtual worlds">Hyperlinks in virtual worlds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resource identifiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform resource identifier">Uniform resource identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationalized resource identifier">Internationalized resource identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_resource_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform resource name">Uniform resource name</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uniform resource locator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible resource identifier">Extensible resource identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_uniform_resource_locator" title="Persistent uniform resource locator">Persistent uniform resource locator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_URL" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic URL">Semantic URL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_text" title="Anchor text">anchor text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click_path" title="Click path">click path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">Domain name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat_navigation#Related:_"Click_here"" title="Mystery meat navigation">click here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_aspects_of_hyperlinking_and_framing" title="Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing">Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_linking" title="Deep linking">deep linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat link">Fat link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_fragment" title="URI fragment">URI fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">Hostname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_linking" title="Inline linking">Inline linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backlink" title="Backlink">inbound link</a>/<a href="/wiki/Backlink" title="Backlink">backlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_referer" title="HTTP referer">HTTP referer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_map" title="Image map">image map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal link">Internal link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(World_Wide_Web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookmark (World Wide Web)">Internet bookmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkback" title="Linkback">linkback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_relation" title="Link relation">Link relation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_rot" title="Link rot">Link rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_hyperlinking" title="Object hyperlinking">Object hyperlinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_hotspot" title="Screen hotspot">Screen hotspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_tracking" title="Source tracking">Source tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transclusion" title="Transclusion">transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="URI scheme">URI scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URL_normalization" class="mw-redirect" title="URL normalization">URL normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URL_redirection" title="URL redirection">URL redirection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">XML namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_poetry" title="Digital poetry">Digital poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hypertext" title="History of hypertext">History of hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive novel">Interactive novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_fiction" title="Interactive fiction">Interactive fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_hypertext_technology" title="Timeline of hypertext technology">Timeline of hypertext technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_aspects_of_hyperlinking_and_framing" title="Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing">Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web" title="History of the World Wide Web">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Application_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain Application Protocol">Domain Application Protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42253#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4753514-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="unifikovaný lokátor zdroje"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph222874&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:URL" title="Category:URL">URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Identifiers" title="Category:Identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_1994" title="Category:Internet properties established in 1994">Internet properties established in 1994</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2020">Use dmy dates from May 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 June 2024, at 19:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gqt92","wgBackendResponseTime":242,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.106","walltime":"1.308","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20726,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":250669,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16203,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":31,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":211382,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1225.251 1 -total"," 32.15% 393.957 7 Template:Ref_RFC"," 22.13% 271.168 19 Template:Cite_IETF"," 12.03% 147.417 7 Template:Ref_RFC/getref"," 11.03% 135.166 4 Template:Efn"," 9.55% 117.065 1 Template:Infobox_technology_standard"," 9.29% 113.801 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.19% 100.290 31 Template:IETF_RFC"," 8.07% 98.910 2 Template:Reflist"," 7.74% 94.856 31 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.640","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8943876,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_17381994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_18661995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_23961998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_3986,_section_32005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#82;FC_39862005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAngMartin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC_News2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerners-Lee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerners-LeeConnolly1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerners-LeeMasinterMcCahill1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlaser2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIANA2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIETF1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIETF2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawrence2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiessler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchafer2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFW3C1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFW3C2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFW3C2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFW3C2014\"] = 1,\n [\"Internationalised_URL\"] = 1,\n [\"prurl\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite IETF\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite tech report\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 11,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"GBurl\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 1,\n [\"Hypermedia\"] = 1,\n [\"IETF RFC\"] = 9,\n [\"Infobox technology standard\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 13,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 15,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-m4d5j","timestamp":"20241122150209","ttl":723481,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"URL","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/URL","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42253","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42253","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-16T08:31:42Z","dateModified":"2024-06-20T19:53:29Z","headline":"web address to a particular file or page"}</script> </body> </html>