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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Infection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis/Imaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis/Imaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diagnosis/Imaging</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnosis/Imaging-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diagnosis/Imaging subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis/Imaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blood_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Blood loss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massive_hemorrhage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massive_hemorrhage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Massive hemorrhage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massive_hemorrhage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Health_Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Health_Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>World Health Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Health_Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bleeding</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloeding" title="Bloeding – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bloeding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%81" title="نزف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نزف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ ܕܕܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܪܥܐ ܕܕܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արիւնահոսութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արիւնահոսութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorraxa" title="Hemorraxa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hemorraxa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanaxma" title="Qanaxma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qanaxma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%A7" title="قاناخما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاناخما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="রক্তক্ষরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রক্তক্ষরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhut-hoeh" title="Chhut-hoeh – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhut-hoeh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BA" title="Крывацёк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крывацёк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagdugo" title="Pagdugo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagdugo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Кръвоизлив – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кръвоизлив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvarenje" title="Krvarenje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krvarenje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorr%C3%A0gia" title="Hemorràgia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hemorràgia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krv%C3%A1cen%C3%AD" title="Krvácení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krvácení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwaedu" title="Gwaedu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwaedu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farigu" title="Farigu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Farigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B8dning" title="Blødning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blødning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دموخراجية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دموخراجية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blutung" title="Blutung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blutung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αιμορραγία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αιμορραγία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorragia" title="Hemorragia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hemorragia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangado" title="Sangado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sangado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odoljario" title="Odoljario – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Odoljario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="خونریزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خونریزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9morragie" title="Hémorragie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hémorragie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rith_fola" title="Rith fola – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rith fola" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorraxia" title="Hemorraxia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hemorraxia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%9C%ED%98%88" title="출혈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="출혈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արյունահոսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արյունահոսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="रक्तस्राव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रक्तस्राव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvarenje" title="Krvarenje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krvarenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoragio" title="Hemoragio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hemoragio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdarahan" title="Perdarahan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdarahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagia" title="Hemorrhagia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hemorrhagia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A6%C3%B0ing" title="Blæðing – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blæðing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emorragia" title="Emorragia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emorragia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9D" title="דימום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דימום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5" title="ರಕ್ತಸ್ರಾವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಕ್ತಸ್ರಾವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="სისხლდენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სისხლდენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemorrhagia" title="Haemorrhagia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Haemorrhagia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asi%C5%86o%C5%A1ana" title="Asiņošana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Asiņošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraujavimas" title="Kraujavimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kraujavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rz%C3%A9s" title="Vérzés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vérzés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Крвавење – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крвавење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82" title="രക്തസ്രാവം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രക്തസ്രാവം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="रक्तस्त्राव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रक्तस्त्राव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendarahan" title="Pendarahan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pendarahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloeding" title="Bloeding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bloeding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B8dning" title="Blødning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blødning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B8ding" title="Bløding – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bløding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qon_ketishi" title="Qon ketishi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qon ketishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliidin" title="Bliidin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bliidin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krwotok" title="Krwotok – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krwotok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorragia" title="Hemorragia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hemorragia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoragie" title="Hemoragie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hemoragie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawar_apariy" title="Yawar apariy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yawar apariy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Кровотечение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кровотечение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="ලේ ගැලීම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලේ ගැලීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bleeding" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvavitev" title="Krvavitev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krvavitev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="خوێنبەربوون – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێنبەربوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Крварење – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крварење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvarenje" title="Krvarenje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krvarenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verenvuoto" title="Verenvuoto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Verenvuoto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B6dning" title="Blödning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blödning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="குருதிப்பெருக்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குருதிப்பெருக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="రక్తస్రావం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రక్తస్రావం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="เลือดออก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลือดออก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanama" title="Kanama – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Кровотеча – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кровотеча" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%81%D9%86%D8%A7" title="خون بہنا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خون بہنا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A3y_m%C3%A1u" title="Chảy máu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chảy máu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagdugo" title="Pagdugo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagdugo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="בלוטשטורץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בלוטשטורץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Loss of blood escaping from the circulatory system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hemorrhage" and "Haemorrhage" redirect here. For the song by Fuel, see <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhage_(In_My_Hands)" title="Hemorrhage (In My Hands)">Hemorrhage (In My Hands)</a>. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/Haemorrhage_(band)" title="Haemorrhage (band)">Haemorrhage (band)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the voluntary extraction of blood, see <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">Bloodletting</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bleeding (disambiguation)">Bleeding (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/24px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/35px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg/47px-Man_walking_icon_1410105361.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="861" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article about <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> may be <b>excessively human-centric</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit">improve coverage for other species</a> and discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Bleeding" title="Talk:Bleeding">talk page</a>.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Bleeding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Hemorrhaging, haemorrhaging, blood loss</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bleeding_finger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg/220px-Bleeding_finger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg/330px-Bleeding_finger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg/440px-Bleeding_finger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">A bleeding wound in the finger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">hematology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Exsanguination" title="Exsanguination">Exsanguination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypovolemic_shock" title="Hypovolemic shock">hypovolemic shock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">shock</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bleeding</b>, <b>hemorrhage</b>, <b>haemorrhage</b> or <b>blood loss</b> is <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> escaping from the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory system</a> from damaged <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_2011_pp._1234–1235_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth_2011_pp._1234–1235-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bleeding can occur <a href="/wiki/Internal_bleeding" title="Internal bleeding">internally</a>, or externally either through a natural opening such as the <a href="/wiki/Mouth_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouth (human)">mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">nose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">ear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">urethra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>, or through a puncture in the <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hypovolemia" title="Hypovolemia">Hypovolemia</a> is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Exsanguination" title="Exsanguination">exsanguination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious <a href="/wiki/Sequela" title="Sequela">medical difficulties</a> (by comparison, <a href="/wiki/Blood_donation" title="Blood donation">blood donation</a> typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called <a href="/wiki/Hemostasis" title="Hemostasis">hemostasis</a> and is an important part of both <a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">first aid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Upper head <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intracranial_hemorrhage" title="Intracranial hemorrhage">Intracranial hemorrhage</a> — bleeding in the skull.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intracerebral_hemorrhage" title="Intracerebral hemorrhage">Cerebral hemorrhage</a> — a type of intracranial hemorrhage, bleeding within the brain tissue itself.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intracerebral_hemorrhage" title="Intracerebral hemorrhage">Intracerebral hemorrhage</a> — bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel within the head. See also <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhagic_stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhagic stroke">hemorrhagic stroke</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage" title="Subarachnoid hemorrhage">Subarachnoid hemorrhage</a> (SAH) implies the presence of blood within the <a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Subarachnoid space">subarachnoid space</a> from some pathologic process. The common medical use of the term SAH refers to the nontraumatic types of hemorrhages, usually from rupture of a berry aneurysm or <a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_malformation" title="Arteriovenous malformation">arteriovenous malformation</a> (AVM).<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_2011_pp._2423–2423_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth_2011_pp._2423–2423-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scope of this article is limited to these nontraumatic hemorrhages.</li></ul></li> <li>Eyes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Subconjunctival hemorrhage">Subconjunctival hemorrhage</a> — bloody eye arising from a broken blood vessel in the <a href="/wiki/Sclera" title="Sclera">sclera</a> (whites of the eyes). Often the result of strain, including sneezing, coughing, vomiting or other kind of strain</li></ul></li> <li>Nose <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosebleed" title="Nosebleed">Epistaxis</a> — nosebleed</li></ul></li> <li>Mouth <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_eruption" title="Tooth eruption">Tooth eruption</a> — losing a tooth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematemesis" title="Hematemesis">Hematemesis</a> — vomiting fresh blood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis">Hemoptysis</a> — coughing up blood from the lungs</li></ul></li> <li>Lungs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hemorrhage" title="Pulmonary hemorrhage">Pulmonary hemorrhage</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gastrointestinal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_bleed" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper gastrointestinal bleed">Upper gastrointestinal bleed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Lower gastrointestinal bleeding">Lower gastrointestinal bleed</a></li> <li>Occult gastrointestinal bleed</li></ul></li> <li>Urinary tract <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematuria" title="Hematuria">Hematuria</a> — blood in the urine from urinary bleeding</li></ul></li> <li>Gynecologic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_bleeding" title="Vaginal bleeding">Vaginal bleeding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Postpartum hemorrhage">Postpartum hemorrhage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_bleeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough bleeding">Breakthrough bleeding</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ovarian bleeding — This is a potentially catastrophic and not so rare complication among lean patients with <a href="/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome" title="Polycystic ovary syndrome">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> undergoing <a href="/wiki/Transvaginal_oocyte_retrieval" title="Transvaginal oocyte retrieval">transvaginal oocyte retrieval</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Liberty_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberty-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Anus <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melena" title="Melena">Melena</a> — upper gastrointestinal bleeding</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematochezia" title="Hematochezia">Hematochezia</a> — lower gastrointestinal bleeding, or brisk upper gastrointestinal bleeding</li></ul></li> <li>Vascular <ul><li>Ruptured <a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">aneurysm</a></li> <li>Aortic transection</li> <li>Iatrogenic injury</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wound" title="Wound">Wound</a></div> <p>Bleeding arises due to either traumatic injury, underlying medical condition, or a combination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traumatic_injury">Traumatic injury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Traumatic injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traumatic bleeding is caused by some type of injury. There are different types of <a href="/wiki/Wound" title="Wound">wounds</a> which may cause traumatic bleeding. These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasion_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasion (medical)">Abrasion</a> — Also called a graze, this is caused by transverse action of a foreign object against the skin, and usually does not penetrate below the <a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(skin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidermis (skin)">epidermis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excoriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Excoriation">Excoriation</a> — In common with Abrasion, this is caused by mechanical destruction of the skin, although it usually has an underlying medical cause.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematoma" title="Hematoma">Hematoma</a> — Caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to collect in an enclosed area.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laceration" class="mw-redirect" title="Laceration">Laceration</a> — Irregular wound caused by blunt impact to soft tissue overlying hard tissue or tearing such as in childbirth. In some instances, this can also be used to describe an incision.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_incision" title="Surgical incision">Incision</a> — A cut into a body tissue or organ, such as by a <a href="/wiki/Scalpel" title="Scalpel">scalpel</a>, made during surgery.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetrating_trauma" title="Penetrating trauma">Puncture Wound</a> — Caused by an object that penetrated the skin and underlying layers, such as a nail, needle or knife.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruise" title="Bruise">Contusion</a> — Also known as a bruise, this is a blunt trauma damaging tissue under the surface of the skin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crush_injury" title="Crush injury">Crushing</a> Injuries — Caused by a great or extreme amount of force applied over a period of time. The extent of a crushing injury may not immediately present itself.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic trauma">Ballistic Trauma</a> — Caused by a projectile weapon such as a firearm. This may include two external wounds (entry and exit) and a contiguous wound between the two.</li></ul> <p>The pattern of injury, evaluation and treatment will vary with the mechanism of the injury. Blunt trauma causes injury via a shock effect; delivering energy over an area. Wounds are often not straight and unbroken skin may hide significant injury. Penetrating trauma follows the course of the injurious device. As the energy is applied in a more focused fashion, it requires less energy to cause significant injury. Any body organ, including bone and brain, can be injured and bleed. Bleeding may not be readily apparent; internal organs such as the liver, kidney and spleen may bleed into the abdominal cavity. The only apparent signs may come with blood loss. Bleeding from a bodily orifice, such as the rectum, nose, or ears may signal internal bleeding, but cannot be relied upon. Bleeding from a <a href="/wiki/Medical_procedure" title="Medical procedure">medical procedure</a> also falls into this category.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_condition">Medical condition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medical condition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Medical bleeding" denotes hemorrhage as a result of an underlying medical condition (i.e. causes of bleeding that are not directly due to trauma). Blood can escape from <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> as a result of 3 basic patterns of injury:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">Intravascular changes</a> — changes of the blood within vessels (e.g. ↑ <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, ↓ <a href="/wiki/Clotting_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Clotting factors">clotting factors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">Intramural changes</a> — changes arising within the walls of blood vessels (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Aneurysms" class="mw-redirect" title="Aneurysms">aneurysms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aortic_dissection" title="Aortic dissection">dissections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_malformation" title="Arteriovenous malformation">AVMs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasculitides" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasculitides">vasculitides</a>)</li> <li>Extravascular changes — changes arising outside blood vessels (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori"><i>H pylori</i></a> infection, <a href="/wiki/Brain_abscess" title="Brain abscess">brain abscess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumor</a>)</li></ul> <p>The underlying scientific basis for blood clotting and hemostasis is discussed in detail in the articles, <a href="/wiki/Blood_coagulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood coagulation">coagulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemostasis" title="Hemostasis">hemostasis</a> and related articles. The discussion here is limited to the common practical aspects of blood clot formation which manifest as bleeding. </p><p>Some medical conditions can also make patients susceptible to bleeding. These are conditions that affect the normal hemostatic (bleeding-control) functions of the body. Such conditions either are, or cause, <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_diathesis" title="Bleeding diathesis">bleeding diatheses</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hemostasis" title="Hemostasis">Hemostasis</a> involves several components. The main components of the hemostatic system include <a href="/wiki/Platelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelets">platelets</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Blood_coagulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood coagulation">coagulation</a> system. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Platelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelets">Platelets</a> are small blood components that form a plug in the blood vessel wall that stops bleeding. Platelets also produce a variety of substances that stimulate the production of a blood clot. One of the most common causes of increased bleeding risk is exposure to <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs). The prototype for these drugs is aspirin, which inhibits the production of thromboxane. NSAIDs (for example Ibuprofen) inhibit the activation of <a href="/wiki/Platelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelets">platelets</a>, and thereby increase the risk of bleeding. The effect of aspirin is irreversible; therefore, the inhibitory effect of aspirin is present until the platelets have been replaced (about ten days). Other NSAIDs, such as "ibuprofen" (Motrin) and related drugs, are reversible and therefore, the effect on platelets is not as long-lived.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are several named coagulation factors that interact in a complex way to form blood clots, as discussed in the article on <a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">coagulation</a>. Deficiencies of coagulation factors are associated with clinical bleeding. For instance, deficiency of Factor VIII causes classic <a href="/wiki/Hemophilia_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemophilia A">hemophilia A</a> while deficiencies of Factor IX cause "Christmas disease"(<a href="/wiki/Hemophilia_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemophilia B">hemophilia B</a>). Antibodies to Factor VIII can also inactivate the Factor VII and precipitate bleeding that is very difficult to control. This is a rare condition that is most likely to occur in older patients and in those with <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune">autoimmune</a> diseases. Another common bleeding disorder is <a href="/wiki/Von_Willebrand_disease" title="Von Willebrand disease">Von Willebrand disease</a>. It is caused by a deficiency or abnormal function of the "Von Willebrand" factor, which is involved in platelet activation. Deficiencies in other factors, such as factor XIII or factor VII are occasionally seen, but may not be associated with severe bleeding and are not as commonly diagnosed. </p><p>In addition to NSAID-related bleeding, another common cause of bleeding is that related to the medication, <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a> ("Coumadin" and others). This medication needs to be closely monitored as the bleeding risk can be markedly increased by interactions with other medications. Warfarin acts by inhibiting the production of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a> in the gut. Vitamin K is required for the production of the clotting factors, II, VII, IX, and X in the liver. One of the most common causes of warfarin-related bleeding is taking antibiotics. The gut bacteria make vitamin K and are killed by antibiotics. This decreases vitamin K levels and therefore the production of these clotting factors. </p><p>Deficiencies of platelet function may require platelet transfusion while deficiencies of clotting factors may require transfusion of either <a href="/wiki/Fresh_frozen_plasma" title="Fresh frozen plasma">fresh frozen plasma</a> or specific clotting factors, such as <a href="/wiki/Factor_VIII" title="Factor VIII">Factor VIII</a> for patients with hemophilia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infection">Infection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Infection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infectious diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease" title="Marburg virus disease">Marburg virus disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> can cause bleeding.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis/Imaging"><span id="Diagnosis.2FImaging"></span>Diagnosis/Imaging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diagnosis/Imaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wound_assessment" title="Wound assessment">Wound assessment</a></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dioxaborolane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dioxaborolane (page does not exist)">Dioxaborolane</a> chemistry enables radioactive <a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">fluoride</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fluorine-18" title="Fluorine-18"><sup>18</sup>F</a>) labeling of <a href="/wiki/Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">red blood cells</a>, which allows for <a href="/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography" title="Positron emission tomography">positron emission tomography</a> (PET) imaging of intracerebral hemorrhages.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_hemorrhage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Eye_hemorrhage.jpg/220px-Eye_hemorrhage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Eye_hemorrhage.jpg/330px-Eye_hemorrhage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Eye_hemorrhage.jpg/440px-Eye_hemorrhage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Subconjunctival hemorrhage">subconjunctival hemorrhage</a> is a common and relatively minor post-<a href="/wiki/LASIK" title="LASIK">LASIK</a> complication.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulmonary_haemorrhage_-_high_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pulmonary_haemorrhage_-_high_mag.jpg/220px-Pulmonary_haemorrhage_-_high_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pulmonary_haemorrhage_-_high_mag.jpg/330px-Pulmonary_haemorrhage_-_high_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pulmonary_haemorrhage_-_high_mag.jpg/440px-Pulmonary_haemorrhage_-_high_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</a> showing abundant <a href="/wiki/Hemosiderin" title="Hemosiderin">hemosiderin</a>-laden <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_macrophage" title="Alveolar macrophage">alveolar macrophages</a> (dark brown), as seen in a <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hemorrhage" title="Pulmonary hemorrhage">pulmonary hemorrhage</a>. <a href="/wiki/H%26E_stain" title="H&E stain">H&E stain</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blood_loss">Blood loss</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Blood loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hemorrhaging is broken down into four classes by the American College of Surgeons' <a href="/wiki/Advanced_trauma_life_support" title="Advanced trauma life support">advanced trauma life support</a> (ATLS).<sup id="cite_ref-EM2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Class I Hemorrhage</b> involves up to 15% of blood volume. There is typically no change in vital signs and <a href="/wiki/Fluid_resuscitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluid resuscitation">fluid resuscitation</a> is not usually necessary.</li> <li><b>Class II Hemorrhage</b> involves 15–30% of total blood volume. A patient is often <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardic</a> (rapid heart beat) with a reduction in the difference between the <a href="/wiki/Systole_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Systole (medicine)">systolic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diastolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diastolic">diastolic</a> blood pressures. The body attempts to compensate with <a href="/wiki/Vasoconstriction" title="Vasoconstriction">peripheral vasoconstriction</a>. Skin may start to look pale and be cool to the touch. The patient may exhibit slight changes in behavior. Volume resuscitation with crystalloids (<a href="/wiki/Saline_(medicine)" title="Saline (medicine)">Saline solution</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lactated_Ringer%27s_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactated Ringer's solution">Lactated Ringer's solution</a>) is all that is typically required. <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">Blood transfusion</a> is not usually required.</li> <li><b>Class III Hemorrhage</b> involves loss of 30–40% of circulating blood volume. The patient's <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> drops, the <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a> increases, peripheral hypoperfusion (<a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">shock</a>) with diminished <a href="/wiki/Capillary_refill" title="Capillary refill">capillary refill</a> occurs, and the mental status worsens. Fluid resuscitation with crystalloid and blood transfusion are usually necessary.</li> <li><b>Class IV Hemorrhage</b> involves loss of >40% of circulating blood volume. The limit of the body's compensation is reached and aggressive resuscitation is required to prevent death.</li></ul> <p>This system is basically the same as used in the staging of <a href="/wiki/Hypovolemia" title="Hypovolemia">hypovolemic shock</a>. </p><p>Individuals in excellent physical and <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">cardiovascular</a> shape may have more effective compensatory mechanisms before experiencing cardiovascular collapse. These patients may look deceptively stable, with minimal derangements in vital signs, while having poor peripheral perfusion. Elderly patients or those with chronic medical conditions may have less tolerance to blood loss, less ability to compensate, and may take medications such as betablockers that can potentially blunt the cardiovascular response. Care must be taken in the assessment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Massive_hemorrhage">Massive hemorrhage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Massive hemorrhage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there is no universally accepted definition of massive hemorrhage, the following can be used to identify the condition: "(i) blood loss exceeding circulating blood volume within a 24-hour period, (ii) blood loss of 50% of circulating blood volume within a 3-hour period, (iii) blood loss exceeding 150 ml/min, or (iv) blood loss that necessitates plasma and platelet transfusion."<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21490815_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21490815-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Health_Organization">World Health Organization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World Health Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> made a standardized grading scale to measure the severity of bleeding.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17043016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17043016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Grade 0 </td> <td>no bleeding; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grade 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petechial" class="mw-redirect" title="Petechial">petechial</a> bleeding; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grade 2 </td> <td>mild blood loss (clinically significant); </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grade 3 </td> <td>gross blood loss, requires transfusion (severe); </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grade 4 </td> <td>debilitating blood loss, retinal or cerebral associated with fatality </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emergency_bleeding_control#Wound_management" title="Emergency bleeding control">Emergency bleeding control § Wound management</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the long process of regeneration of the body tissues, see <a href="/wiki/Wound_healing" title="Wound healing">Wound healing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wound_bed_preparation" title="Wound bed preparation">Wound bed preparation</a>.</div> <p>Acute bleeding from an injury to the skin is often treated by the application of direct pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For severely injured patients, <a href="/wiki/Tourniquet" title="Tourniquet">tourniquets</a> are helpful in preventing complications of <a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">shock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Anticoagulant</a> medications may need to be discontinued and possibly reversed in patients with clinically significant bleeding.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patients that have lost excessive amounts of blood may require a <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of <a href="/wiki/Cyanoacrylate" title="Cyanoacrylate">cyanoacrylate glue</a> to prevent bleeding and seal battle wounds was designed and first used in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skin glue, a medical version of "super glue", is sometimes used instead of using traditional stitches used for small wounds that need to be closed at the skin level.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "Haemorrhage" (or <i>hæmorrhage</i>; using the <a href="/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#ae_and_oe" title="American and British English spelling differences">æ ligature</a>) comes from Latin haemorrhagia, from Ancient Greek αἱμορραγία (<i>haimorrhagía</i>, "a violent bleeding"), from αἱμορραγής (<i>haimorrhagḗs</i>, "bleeding violently"), from αἷμα (<i>haîma</i>, "blood") + -ραγία (<i>-ragía</i>), from ῥηγνύναι (<i>rhēgnúnai</i>, "to break, burst").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">Aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autohemorrhaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Autohemorrhaging">Autohemorrhaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">Anemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">Coagulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Contusion">Contusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exsanguination" title="Exsanguination">Exsanguination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematophagy" title="Hematophagy">Hematophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemophilia">Hemophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematoma" title="Hematoma">Hematoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihadha" title="Istihadha">Istihadha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Roth_2011_pp._1234–1235-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roth_2011_pp._1234–1235_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoth2011" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Elliot J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_2178">"Hemorrhage"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology</i>. Springer. pp. 1234–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-0-387-79948-3_2178">10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_2178</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-79947-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-79947-6"><bdi>978-0-387-79947-6</bdi></a>. <q>Hemorrhage is active bleeding, in which blood escapes from the blood vessels, either into the internal organs and tissues or outside of the body.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hemorrhage&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Clinical+Neuropsychology&rft.pages=1234-5&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-0-387-79948-3_2178&rft.isbn=978-0-387-79947-6&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Elliot+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%2F978-0-387-79948-3_2178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABleeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/exsanguination">"Dictionary Definitions of Exsanguination"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blood+Donation+Information&rft.pub=UK+National+Blood+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blood.co.uk%2Fpages%2Fb36faint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABleeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roth_2011_pp._2423–2423-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roth_2011_pp._2423–2423_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2011" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Elliot J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_2201">"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+College+of+Cardiology&rft.atitle=Managing+Anticoagulant-related+Bleeding+in+Patients+with+Venous+Thromboembolism&rft.aulast=Hanigan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Geoffrey+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acc.org%2Flatest-in-cardiology%2Farticles%2F2019%2F10%2F07%2F14%2F29%2Fmanaging-anticoagulant-related-bleeding-in-patients-with-venous-thromboembolism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABleeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunezCotton2009" class="citation journal cs1">Nunez, TC; Cotton, BA (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139329">"Transfusion Therapy in Hemorrhagic Shock"</a>. <i>Curr Opin Crit Care</i>. <b>15</b> (6): 536–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMCC.0b013e328331575b">10.1097/MCC.0b013e328331575b</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139329">3139329</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19730099">19730099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr+Opin+Crit+Care&rft.atitle=Transfusion+Therapy+in+Hemorrhagic+Shock&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=536-41&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3139329%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19730099&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FMCC.0b013e328331575b&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=TC&rft.au=Cotton%2C+BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3139329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABleeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2011" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Elizabeth A. (28 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/business/28coover.html">"Harry Coover, Super Glue's Inventor, Dies at 94"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harry+Coover%2C+Super+Glue%27s+Inventor%2C+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F28%2Fbusiness%2F28coover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABleeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/accidents-first-aid-and-treatments/how-do-i-care-for-a-wound-treated-with-skin-glue/">"How do I care for a wound treated with skin glue?"</a>. <i>nhs.uk</i>. 2018-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhs.uk&rft.atitle=How+do+I+care+for+a+wound+treated+with+skin+glue%3F&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fcommon-health-questions%2Faccidents-first-aid-and-treatments%2Fhow-do-i-care-for-a-wound-treated-with-skin-glue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABleeding" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hemorrhage">"<i>Hemorrhage</i> Origin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dictionary.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150720213759/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hemorrhage">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hemorrhage+Origin&rft.btitle=dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fhemorrhage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABleeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleeding&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166019" class="extiw" title="d:Q166019">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/R58">R58</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=459.0">459.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006470">D006470</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm">000045</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_aid" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_external_defibrillator" title="Automated external defibrillator">Automated external defibrillator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag_valve_mask" title="Bag valve mask">Bag valve mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandage" title="Bandage">Bandage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_(medicine)" title="Dressing (medicine)">Dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_aid_kit" title="First aid kit">First aid kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_airway" title="Nasopharyngeal airway">Nasopharyngeal airway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oropharyngeal_airway" title="Oropharyngeal airway">Oropharyngeal airway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mnemonics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_(medicine)" title="ABC (medicine)">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPQRST" title="OPQRST">OPQRST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RICE_(medicine)" title="RICE (medicine)">RICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMPLE_history" title="SAMPLE history">SAMPLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP_note" title="SOAP note">SOAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Certifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Certified_first_responder" title="Certified first responder">Certified first responder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_technician" title="Emergency medical technician">Emergency medical technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_emergency_medical_technician" title="Wilderness emergency medical technician">Wilderness emergency medical technician</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hour_(medicine)" title="Golden hour (medicine)">Golden hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Samaritan_law" title="Good Samaritan law">Good Samaritan law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_first_aid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness first aid">Wilderness medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disorders_of_bleeding_and_clotting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bleeding_and_clotting_disorders" title="Template:Bleeding and clotting disorders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bleeding_and_clotting_disorders" title="Template talk:Bleeding and clotting disorders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bleeding_and_clotting_disorders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bleeding and clotting disorders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disorders_of_bleeding_and_clotting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disorders of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">bleeding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">clotting</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">Coagulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagulopathy" title="Coagulopathy">coagulopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_diathesis" title="Bleeding diathesis">Bleeding diathesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clotting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By cause</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clotting_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Clotting factors">Clotting factors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antithrombin_III_deficiency" title="Antithrombin III deficiency">Antithrombin III deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_C_deficiency" title="Protein C deficiency">Protein C deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_protein_C_resistance" title="Activated protein C resistance">Activated protein C resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_S_deficiency" title="Protein S deficiency">Protein S deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_V_Leiden" title="Factor V Leiden">Factor V Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothrombin_G20210A" title="Prothrombin G20210A">Prothrombin G20210A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelets">Platelets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_platelet_syndrome" title="Sticky platelet syndrome">Sticky platelet syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombocytosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrombocytosis">Thrombocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_thrombocythemia" title="Essential thrombocythemia">Essential thrombocythemia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation" title="Disseminated intravascular coagulation">DIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purpura_fulminans" title="Purpura fulminans">Purpura fulminans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome" title="Antiphospholipid syndrome">Antiphospholipid syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">Clots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombophilia" title="Thrombophilia">Thrombophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">Thrombus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">Thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virchow%27s_triad" title="Virchow's triad">Virchow's triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trousseau_sign_of_malignancy" title="Trousseau sign of malignancy">Trousseau sign of malignancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By site</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis" title="Deep vein thrombosis">Deep vein thrombosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft%27s_sign" title="Bancroft's sign">Bancroft's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homans_sign" title="Homans sign">Homans sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisker%27s_sign" title="Lisker's sign">Lisker's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvel%27s_sign" title="Louvel's sign">Louvel's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowenberg%27s_sign" title="Lowenberg's sign">Lowenberg's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody%27s_sign" title="Peabody's sign">Peabody's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt%27s_sign" title="Pratt's sign">Pratt's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose%27s_sign" title="Rose's sign">Rose's sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">Pulmonary embolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_vein_thrombosis" title="Renal vein thrombosis">Renal vein thrombosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bleeding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_cause" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By cause</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">Thrombocytopenia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenic_purpura" title="Thrombocytopenic purpura">Thrombocytopenic purpura</a>: <a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura">ITP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evans_syndrome" title="Evans syndrome">Evans syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombotic_microangiopathy" title="Thrombotic microangiopathy">TM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpura" title="Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura">TTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upshaw%E2%80%93Schulman_syndrome" title="Upshaw–Schulman syndrome">Upshaw–Schulman syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-induced_thrombocytopenia" title="Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia">Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May%E2%80%93Hegglin_anomaly" title="May–Hegglin anomaly">May–Hegglin anomaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platelet#Diseases" title="Platelet">Platelet function</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>adhesion</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard%E2%80%93Soulier_syndrome" title="Bernard–Soulier syndrome">Bernard–Soulier syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>aggregation</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glanzmann%27s_thrombasthenia" title="Glanzmann's thrombasthenia">Glanzmann's thrombasthenia</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platelet_storage_pool_deficiency" title="Platelet storage pool deficiency">platelet storage pool deficiency</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermansky%E2%80%93Pudlak_syndrome" title="Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome">Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_platelet_syndrome" title="Gray platelet syndrome">Gray platelet syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clotting_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Clotting factor">Clotting factor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haemophilia" title="Haemophilia">Hemophilia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haemophilia_A" title="Haemophilia A">A/VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemophilia_B" title="Haemophilia B">B/IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemophilia_C" title="Haemophilia C">C/XI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Willebrand_disease" title="Von Willebrand disease">von Willebrand disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoprothrombinemia" title="Hypoprothrombinemia">Hypoprothrombinemia/II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_VII_deficiency" title="Factor VII deficiency">Factor VII deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_X_deficiency" title="Factor X deficiency">Factor X deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XII_deficiency" title="Factor XII deficiency">Factor XII deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XIII_deficiency" title="Factor XIII deficiency">Factor XIII deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysfibrinogenemia" title="Dysfibrinogenemia">Dysfibrinogenemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_afibrinogenemia" title="Congenital afibrinogenemia">Congenital afibrinogenemia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signs and symptoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruise" title="Bruise">Bruise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematoma" title="Hematoma">Hematoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petechia" title="Petechia">Petechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purpura" title="Purpura">Purpura</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonthrombocytopenic_purpura" title="Nonthrombocytopenic purpura">Nonthrombocytopenic purpura</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By site</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>head <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nosebleed" title="Nosebleed">Epistaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis">Hemoptysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intracranial_hemorrhage" title="Intracranial hemorrhage">Intracranial hemorrhage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphema" title="Hyphema">Hyphema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subconjunctival_bleeding" title="Subconjunctival bleeding">Subconjunctival bleeding</a></li></ul></li> <li>torso <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemothorax" title="Hemothorax">Hemothorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemopericardium" title="Hemopericardium">Hemopericardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hematoma" title="Pulmonary hematoma">Pulmonary hematoma</a></li></ul></li> <li>abdomen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Gastrointestinal bleeding">Gastrointestinal bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemobilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemobilia">Hemobilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoperitoneum" title="Hemoperitoneum">Hemoperitoneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematocele" title="Hematocele">Hematocele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematosalpinx" title="Hematosalpinx">Hematosalpinx</a></li></ul></li> <li>joint <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemarthrosis" title="Hemarthrosis">Hemarthrosis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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