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<li id="toc-Obama-era_reform_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obama-era_reform_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Obama-era reform efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obama-era_reform_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_data_breach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_data_breach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>2015 data breach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_data_breach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Trump_administration_proposal_to_merge_into_GSA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Trump_administration_proposal_to_merge_into_GSA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>First Trump administration proposal to merge 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">United States Office of Personnel Management</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg/240px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg/320px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Official seal</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Office_of_Personnel_Management_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Office_of_Personnel_Management_wordmark.svg/250px-Office_of_Personnel_Management_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Office_of_Personnel_Management_wordmark.svg/375px-Office_of_Personnel_Management_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Office_of_Personnel_Management_wordmark.svg/500px-Office_of_Personnel_Management_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="72" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Official <a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">wordmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1, 1979<span class="noprint">; 46 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1979-01-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission" title="United States Civil Service Commission">Civil Service Commission</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. federal government">U.S. federal government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Theodore Roosevelt Federal Building<br />1900 E Street, NW<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">2,448 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$329,755,000 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Charles Ezell, Acting Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opm.gov/">opm<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Office of Personnel Management</b> (<b>OPM</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">independent agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Federal Government">United States government</a> that manages the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">United States federal civil service</a>. The agency provides federal <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">human resources</a> policy, oversight, and support, and tends to healthcare (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees_Health_Benefits_Program" title="Federal Employees Health Benefits Program">FEHB</a>), life insurance (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees%27_Group_Life_Insurance_Act" title="Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance Act">FEGLI</a>), and retirement benefits (<a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Retirement_System" title="Civil Service Retirement System">CSRS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees_Retirement_System" title="Federal Employees Retirement System">FERS</a>, but not <a href="/wiki/Thrift_Savings_Plan" title="Thrift Savings Plan">TSP</a>) for federal government employees, retirees, and their dependents.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OPM is headed by a director, who is nominated by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a>. As of January 20, 2025, Charles Ezell is acting director.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOCO_202501_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOCO_202501-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pendleton_Civil_Service_Reform_Act" title="Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act">Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act</a> of 1883 created OPM's predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission" title="United States Civil Service Commission">United States Civil Service Commission</a>. On January 1, 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Reform_Act_of_1978" title="Civil Service Reform Act of 1978">Civil Service Reform Act of 1978</a> and Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 took effect, dissolving the Commission and assigning most of its former functions—except the federal employees appellate function—to new agencies, with most assigned to the newly created U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) (43 <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">FR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/fr/43/36037">36037</a>, 92 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-92-3783">3783</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Government_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Government Ethics">United States Office of Government Ethics</a>, responsible for directing executive branch policies relating to the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Conflicts_of_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflicts of interest">conflicts of interest</a> on the part of federal executive branch officers and employees, was part of OPM until being spun off as an independent agency in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, OPM's investigation branch was privatized, and <a href="/wiki/USIS_(company)" title="USIS (company)">USIS</a> was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Gayathri_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gayathri-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, after several scandals, OPM declined to renew its contract with USIS and brought background investigations back in house under the short-lived <a href="/wiki/National_Background_Investigations_Bureau" title="National Background Investigations Bureau">National Background Investigations Bureau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, responsibility for conducting federal background checks changed hands again when NBIB was dissolved and its functions were given to the Defense Security Service, part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>, which was reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Counterintelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency">Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency</a> for the purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obama-era_reform_efforts">Obama-era reform efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Obama-era reform efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2013, Representative <a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold">Blake Farenthold</a> introduced the Office of Personnel Management Inspector General Act.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill would increase oversight of OPM's revolving fund. Farenthold introduced the bill as a response to accusations of fraud and concern about security clearance background investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-ripadv_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ripadv-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill would fund the expenses for investigations, oversight activities, and audits from the revolving fund.<sup id="cite_ref-this_week_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-this_week-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill was in response to a discovery that between 2002 and 2012, OPM's revolving fund had tripled, totaling over $2 billion, or 90% of OPM's budget. In February 2014, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> signed the bill into law.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fund's history dates to the early 1980s, where it was used for two main activities: training and background investigations for government personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_data_breach">2015 data breach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2015 data breach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach" title="Office of Personnel Management data breach">Office of Personnel Management data breach</a></div> <p>In April 2015, hackers working on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_State_Security_Department" title="Jiangsu State Security Department">Jiangsu State Security Department</a>, a provincial branch of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a>, obtained access to 22.1 million <a href="/wiki/Standard_Form_86" title="Standard Form 86">SF-86</a> records of U.S. federal employees, contractors, and their friends and family.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters201507092_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters201507092-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npr_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of the largest breaches of government data in U.S. history, information that was obtained and <a href="/wiki/Data_exfiltration" title="Data exfiltration">exfiltrated</a> in the breach included <a href="/wiki/Personally_identifiable_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Personally identifiable information">personally identifiable information</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_number" title="Social Security number">Social Security numbers</a>, names, dates and places of birth, and addresses.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fruhlinger_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruhlinger-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New information about this security breach came to light on September 24, 2015. The agency then indicated that additional evidence showed that 5.6 million people's fingerprints were stolen as part of the hacks, more than five times the 1.1 million originally estimated. The total number of people whose records were disclosed in whole or part, including Social Security numbers and addresses, remained at 21.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Trump_administration_proposal_to_merge_into_GSA">First Trump administration proposal to merge into GSA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First Trump administration proposal to merge into GSA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 2018 and 2019, as part of a larger initiative to restructure the executive branch, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> submitted a proposal to congress to merge OPM into the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> (GSA) while returning the federal personnel policy-making components under the direct authority of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President of the United States</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Representative <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Connolly" title="Gerry Connolly">Gerry Connolly</a>, chair of the Subcommittee on Government Operations under the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, fiercely criticized the proposal. During a congressional hearing, Connolly said: "The administration wants to take over the merit policy-making functions and put them into the highly politicized environment of the White House itself, away from direct congressional oversight and inspector general review." Political pressure against the proposal peaked when a provision barring the president from transferring any function, responsibility, authority, service, system, or program until six months after the completion of an "independent report" by the federally chartered <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Public_Administration_(United_States)" title="National Academy of Public Administration (United States)">National Academy of Public Administration</a> was added to the 1,120 page bill S-1790, a.k.a. the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2020" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Trump_administration_workforce_restructuring_and_security_concerns">Second Trump administration workforce restructuring and security concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second Trump administration workforce restructuring and security concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To reduce the federal workforce, Trump established the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a> (DOGE) on January 20, 2025, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> as its leader.<sup id="cite_ref-Boak_20250129_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boak_20250129-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DOGE is leveraging OPM's authority and influence to execute the Trump administration's initiatives for restructuring the federal workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-Ezell_20250127_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ezell_20250127-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles Ezell, OPM's acting director, has been issuing guidance and memos to implement Trump's executive orders,<sup id="cite_ref-Ezell_20250127_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ezell_20250127-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_20250131_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_20250131-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including his January 27 memorandum regarding <a href="/wiki/Schedule_F_appointment" title="Schedule F appointment">Schedule F</a>. This aligns closely with DOGE's objectives and workforce restructuring plans.<sup id="cite_ref-Ezell_20250127_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ezell_20250127-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other efforts in line with DOGE's goals include revising telework policies, considering the termination of recently hired federal employees,<sup id="cite_ref-Alder_20250123_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alder_20250123-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doe_20250130_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doe_20250130-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and instructing agencies to bypass certain regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-DemocracyForward_20250129_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DemocracyForward_20250129-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deferred_resignation_program">Deferred resignation program</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Deferred resignation program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fork_in_the_Road_(Office_of_Personnel_Management_memo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fork in the Road (Office of Personnel Management memo)">Fork in the Road (Office of Personnel Management memo)</a></div> <p>In January 2025, the OPM launched a controversial "deferred resignation" program, offering federal employees the option to resign effective September 30, 2025, while continuing to receive pay and benefits until that date. The program was announced in an email headed "<a href="/wiki/Fork_in_the_Road_(Office_of_Personnel_Management_memo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fork in the Road (Office of Personnel Management memo)">Fork in the Road</a>", framed as part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to reduce the federal workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_20250128_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_20250128-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proposal faced immediate backlash from federal employees and unions. The <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Government_Employees" title="American Federation of Government Employees">American Federation of Government Employees</a> (AFGE) warned workers not to accept the offer, citing concerns over potential benefit disputes and unclear legal protections.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legal experts also raised concerns about the program's unprecedented nature, questioning its compliance with federal employment laws.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musk's_aides_and_congressional_oversight"><span id="Musk.27s_aides_and_congressional_oversight"></span>Musk's aides and congressional oversight</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Musk's aides and congressional oversight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>, on January 20, Musk's team took control of OPM's headquarters. By January 31, it had revoked the access of several OPM senior career civil servants, blocking them from key government computer systems. This included access to the Enterprise Human Resources Integration, a comprehensive database storing sensitive information such as government employees' dates of birth, Social Security numbers, performance appraisals, and home addresses.<sup id="cite_ref-Reid_20250202_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid_20250202-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerns were raised about lack of congressional oversight at OPM.<sup id="cite_ref-Reid_20250202_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid_20250202-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> reported that a group of six engineers aged between 18 and 24 who previously worked for Musk were overseeing significant U.S. government roles, particularly the OPM and DOGE. This development came as Musk's influence expands into federal agencies under the Trump administration's initiatives to reshape the federal workforce. Government watchdogs and unions have raised concerns about inexperienced people—one of whom recently graduated from high school—altering federal policies and operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Elliott_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elliott_-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Government watchdogs and lawmakers have demanded transparency, questioning whether Musk's associates had legal authority to oversee federal operations. The involvement of outsiders in federal decision-making raised ethics and security concerns, particularly as the administration pushed significant workforce reductions.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cybersecurity_lawsuit_over_newly_deployed_email_servers">Cybersecurity lawsuit over newly deployed email servers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cybersecurity lawsuit over newly deployed email servers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Simultaneously, OPM faced scrutiny over a newly deployed email system designed to send mass communications to federal employees. A lawsuit filed by two anonymous federal workers alleged that OPM failed to conduct a <a href="/wiki/Privacy_Impact_Assessment" title="Privacy Impact Assessment">Privacy Impact Assessment</a> (PIA) before launching the system, potentially exposing sensitive government communications.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics warned that the system lacked basic encryption protections, making it vulnerable to spoofing, phishing, and unauthorized access. Some federal IT departments reportedly advised employees to flag all messages from the new system as potential phishing attempts due to authentication concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cybersecurity controversy further exacerbated concerns over OPM's security posture, especially given the agency's history with the 2015 OPM data breach, which compromised over 21 million federal employees' personal records.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of early 2025, OPM had not confirmed whether the vulnerabilities had been mitigated, and the lawsuit remained ongoing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Requirement_for_employees_to_report_accomplishments">Requirement for employees to report accomplishments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Requirement for employees to report accomplishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 22, 2025, the OPM sent an email to all federal employees, asking them to respond with "what you accomplished last week" by midnight EST on February 24. Shortly before the email went out, Musk posted about it on X, saying that "Failure to respond will be taken as a resignation." A claim that this action was unlawful was added to a pending lawsuit against the OPM for the <a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs" title="2025 United States federal mass layoffs">mass layoffs</a> of probationary workers.<sup id="cite_ref-nbc-24feb2025_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc-24feb2025-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some agencies instructed their employees not to respond to the email.<sup id="cite_ref-nbc-24feb2025_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc-24feb2025-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 24, the OPM announced that employees were not required to respond to the email.<sup id="cite_ref-guard-24feb2025_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guard-24feb2025-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to its website, OPM's mission is "recruiting, retaining and honoring a world-class force to serve the American people."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OPM is partially responsible for maintaining the appearance of independence and neutrality in the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">administrative law</a> system. While technically employees of the agencies they work for, <a href="/wiki/Administrative_law_judge" title="Administrative law judge">administrative law judges</a> (ALJs) are hired exclusively by OPM, effectively removing any discretionary employment procedures from other agencies. OPM uses a rigorous selection process that ranks the top three candidates for each ALJ vacancy and then selects from those candidates, generally giving preference to veterans. </p><p>OPM is also responsible for federal employee retirement applications for FERS and CSRS employees.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OPM makes decisions on federal employee regular<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and disability retirement cases.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OPM also oversees FEHB and FEGLI, the health insurance and life insurance programs for federal employees. But it does not oversee TSP, which is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Retirement_Thrift_Investment_Board" title="Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board">Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board</a> (FRTIB), a separate independent agency. </p><p>At an underground <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mine">mine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boyers,_Pennsylvania" title="Boyers, Pennsylvania">Boyers</a>, Pennsylvania, federal employees' retirements are processed on paper by hand, and the information is stored in file cabinets. On average, it takes 61 days to process a retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Retirement Services</b> – Oversees the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Retirement_System" title="Civil Service Retirement System">Civil Service Retirement System</a> (CSRS) and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees_Retirement_System" title="Federal Employees Retirement System">Federal Employees Retirement System</a> (FERS).</li> <li><b>Healthcare & Insurance</b> – Oversees the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees_Health_Benefits" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Employees Health Benefits">Federal Employees Health Benefits</a> (FEHB) and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees%27_Group_Life_Insurance_Act" title="Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance Act">Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance</a> (FEGLI) programs.</li> <li><b>Employee Services Branch</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors_of_OPM">Directors of OPM</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Directors of OPM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source: OPM's <i>Agency Leadership Through Time</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_K._Campbell" title="Alan K. Campbell">Alan K. Campbell</a> (January 2, 1979 – January 20, 1981) <ul><li>Campbell was the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission#Chairmen_of_the_commission" title="United States Civil Service Commission">Civil Service Commission</a> at its dissolution</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Devine" title="Donald J. Devine">Donald J. Devine</a> (March 23, 1981 – March 25, 1985)</li> <li>Loretta Cornelius (acting; 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Horner" title="Constance Horner">Constance Horner</a> (August 22, 1985 – May 10, 1989)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Berry_Newman" title="Constance Berry Newman">Constance Berry Newman</a> (June 8, 1989 – June 30, 1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_B._King&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James B. King (page does not exist)">James B. King</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (April 7, 1993 – September 1, 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Lachance" title="Janice Lachance">Janice R. Lachance</a> (November 12, 1997 – January 20, 2001)</li> <li>Steven R. Cohen (acting; January 20, 2001 – July 11, 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Coles_James" title="Kay Coles James">Kay Coles James</a> (July 11, 2001 – January 31, 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Gregory_Blair" title="Dan Gregory Blair">Dan Gregory Blair</a> (acting; February 1, 2005 – June 27, 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_M._Springer" title="Linda M. Springer">Linda M. Springer</a> (June 28, 2005 – August 13, 2008)<sup id="cite_ref-GE_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GE-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Michael Hager (acting; August 13, 2008 – January 20, 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-GE_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GE-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kathie Ann Whipple (acting; January 20, 2009 - April 13, 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Berry_(administrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Berry (administrator)">John Berry</a> (April 13, 2009 – April 13, 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_D._Kaplan" title="Elaine D. Kaplan">Elaine Kaplan</a> (acting; April 13, 2013 – November 4, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Archuleta" title="Katherine Archuleta">Katherine Archuleta</a> (November 4, 2013 – July 10, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Cobert" title="Beth Cobert">Beth Cobert</a> (acting; July 10, 2015 - January 20, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_McGettigan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen McGettigan (page does not exist)">Kathleen McGettigan</a> (acting; January 20, 2017 – March 9, 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Tien_Han_Pon" title="Jeff Tien Han Pon">Jeff Tien Han Pon</a> (March 9, 2018 – October 5, 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Weichert" title="Margaret Weichert">Margaret Weichert</a> (acting; October 5, 2018 – September 16, 2019)</li> <li>Dale Cabaniss (September 16, 2019 – March 17, 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-WelcomesCabaniss_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelcomesCabaniss-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CabanissResigns_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CabanissResigns-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rigas" title="Michael Rigas">Michael Rigas</a> (acting; March 18, 2020 – January 20, 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kathleen McGettigan (acting; January 20, 2021 – June 24, 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Ahuja" title="Kiran Ahuja">Kiran Ahuja</a> (June 24, 2021 – May 6, 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rob Shriver (acting; May 6, 2024 – January 20, 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Charles Ezell (acting; January 20, 2025 – present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span 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title="United States Merit Systems Protection Board">United States Merit Systems Protection Board</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opm.gov/about-us/budget-performance/performance/2021-annual-performance-report.pdf">Annual Performance Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705174842/https://www.opm.gov/about-us/budget-performance/performance/2021-annual-performance-report.pdf">Archived</a> July 5, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2021). p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opm.gov/about-us/our-mission-role-history/what-we-do/">"Our Mission, Role & History – What We Do"</a>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Office of Personnel Management. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423005428/https://www.opm.gov/about-us/our-mission-role-history/what-we-do/">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It+is+the+honor+and+privilege+of+my+professional+career...&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.au=USOPM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FUSOPM%2Fstatus%2F1408076914099638273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Office+of+Personnel+Management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govexec.com/management/2024/05/shriver-assumes-acting-opm-director-role/396337/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter">"Shriver assumes acting OPM director role"</a>. <i>Government Executive</i>. May 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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