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aria-label="Contenidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contenidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Algunas_consideraciones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algunas_consideraciones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Algunas consideraciones</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Algunas_consideraciones-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Algunas consideraciones</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Algunas_consideraciones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constantes_dimensionales_y_adimensionales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constantes_dimensionales_y_adimensionales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Constantes dimensionales y adimensionales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constantes_dimensionales_y_adimensionales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Las_constantes_físicas_y_la_vida_en_el_Universo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Las_constantes_físicas_y_la_vida_en_el_Universo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Las constantes físicas y la vida en el Universo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Las_constantes_físicas_y_la_vida_en_el_Universo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tablas_de_constantes_físicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tablas_de_constantes_físicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tablas de constantes físicas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tablas_de_constantes_físicas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Tablas de constantes físicas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tablas_de_constantes_físicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_universales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabla_de_constantes_universales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tabla de constantes universales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_universales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_electromagnéticas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabla_de_constantes_electromagnéticas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tabla de constantes electromagnéticas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_electromagnéticas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_atómicas_y_nucleares" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabla_de_constantes_atómicas_y_nucleares"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tabla de constantes atómicas y nucleares</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_atómicas_y_nucleares-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_físico-químicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabla_de_constantes_físico-químicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Tabla de constantes físico-químicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabla_de_constantes_físico-químicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Constante física</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 65 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkundige_konstante" title="Natuurkundige konstante (afrikáans)" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Natuurkundige konstante" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikáans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="ثابت فيزيائي (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثابت فيزيائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziki_sabitl%C9%99r" title="Fiziki sabitlər (azerbaiyano)" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fiziki sabitlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physikalische_Konstantn" title="Physikalische Konstantn (Bavarian)" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Physikalische Konstantn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фундаментальныя фізічныя пастаянныя (bielorruso)" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фундаментальныя фізічныя пастаянныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фундамэнтальныя фізычныя канстанты (Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography))" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фундамэнтальныя фізычныя канстанты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Физическа константа (búlgaro)" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физическа константа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95" title="ভৌত ধ্রুবক (bengalí)" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভৌত ধ্রুবক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikalna_konstanta" title="Fizikalna konstanta (bosnio)" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizikalna konstanta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_f%C3%ADsica" title="Constant física (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Constant física" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="نەگۆڕی فیزیکی (kurdo sorani)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەگۆڕی فیزیکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzik%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_konstanty" title="Fyzikální konstanty (checo)" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzikální konstanty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%C4%83" title="Физикăри никĕсле константтă (chuvasio)" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Физикăри никĕсле константтă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvasio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiske_konstanter" title="Fysiske konstanter (danés)" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fysiske konstanter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physikalische_Konstante" title="Physikalische Konstante (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physikalische Konstante" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC" title="Φυσική σταθερά (griego)" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσική σταθερά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constant" title="Physical constant (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Physical constant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika_konstanto" title="Fizika konstanto (esperanto)" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fizika konstanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsikakonstant" title="Füüsikakonstant (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Füüsikakonstant" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstante_fisiko" title="Konstante fisiko (euskera)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konstante fisiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ثابت فیزیکی (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ثابت فیزیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luonnonvakio" title="Luonnonvakio (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luonnonvakio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constante_physique" title="Constante physique (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Constante physique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constante_f%C3%ADsica" title="Constante física (gallego)" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Constante física" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99" title="קבוע פיזיקלי (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוע פיזיקלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="भौतिक नियतांक (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौतिक नियतांक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikalne_konstante" title="Fizikalne konstante (croata)" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fizikalne konstante" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikai_%C3%A1lland%C3%B3" title="Fizikai állandó (húngaro)" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fizikai állandó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆիզիկական հաստատուններ (armenio)" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիզիկական հաստատուններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanta_fisika" title="Konstanta fisika (indonesio)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konstanta fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costante_fisica" title="Costante fisica (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costante fisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9A%E6%95%B0" title="物理定数 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物理定数" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკური მუდმივა (georgiano)" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფიზიკური მუდმივა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%83%81%EC%88%98" title="물리 상수 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물리 상수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik%C4%81la_konstante" title="Fizikāla konstante (letón)" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fizikāla konstante" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Физичка константа (macedonio)" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физичка константа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemalar_fizik" title="Pemalar fizik (malayo)" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemalar fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkundige_constante" title="Natuurkundige constante (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natuurkundige constante" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysisk_konstant" title="Fysisk konstant (noruego nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fysisk konstant" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruego nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysisk_konstant" title="Fysisk konstant (noruego bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fysisk konstant" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95" title="ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਸਥਿਰਾਂਕ (punyabí)" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਸਥਿਰਾਂਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punyabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantes_fisikes" title="Constantes fisikes (Picard)" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Constantes fisikes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C5%82e_fizyczne" title="Stałe fizyczne (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stałe fizyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constante_f%C3%ADsica" title="Constante física (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Constante física" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%C4%83_fizic%C4%83" title="Constantă fizică (rumano)" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Constantă fizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Фундаментальные физические постоянные (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фундаментальные физические постоянные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custanti_f%C3%ACsica" title="Custanti fìsica (siciliano)" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Custanti fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constant" title="Physical constant (escocés)" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Physical constant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikalne_konstante" title="Fizikalne konstante (serbocroata)" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fizikalne konstante" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constant" title="Physical constant (Simple English)" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physical constant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_fyzik%C3%A1lnych_kon%C5%A1t%C3%A1nt" title="Zoznam fyzikálnych konštánt (eslovaco)" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam fyzikálnych konštánt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikalna_konstanta" title="Fizikalna konstanta (esloveno)" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fizikalna konstanta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%A1ndustaa%C4%91%C3%A2" title="Luándustaađâ (sami inari)" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Luándustaađâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dke_konstante" title="Fizičke konstante (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Fizičke konstante" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikalisk_konstant" title="Fysikalisk konstant (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fysikalisk konstant" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="இயற்பியல் மாறிலி (tamil)" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்பியல் மாறிலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ค่าคงตัวทางฟิสิกส์ (tailandés)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ค่าคงตัวทางฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziksel_sabit" title="Fiziksel sabit (turco)" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fiziksel sabit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Фундаменталь физик даимиләр (tártaro)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фундаменталь физик даимиләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Фізичні константи (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізичні константи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik_doimiylar" title="Fizik doimiylar (uzbeko)" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fizik doimiylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%B1ng_s%E1%BB%91_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD" title="Hằng số vật lý (vietnamita)" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hằng số vật lý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0" title="物理常数 (chino wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物理常数" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chino wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="物理常數 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物理常數" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AD_si%C3%B4ng-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Bu̍t-lí siông-sò͘ (chino min nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-lí siông-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chino min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<b>constante física</b> al valor de una <a href="/wiki/Magnitud_f%C3%ADsica" title="Magnitud física">magnitud física</a> que, fijado un sistema de unidades, permanece invariable en los procesos <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">físicos</a> a lo largo del tiempo. En contraste, una <a href="/wiki/Constante_matem%C3%A1tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Constante matemática">constante matemática</a> representa un valor invariable que no está implicado directamente en ningún proceso físico. </p><p>Existen muchas constantes físicas; algunas de las más conocidas son la <a href="/wiki/Constante_reducida_de_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Constante reducida de Planck">constante reducida de Planck</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \hbar }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \hbar }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de68de3a92517953436c93b5a76461d49160cc41" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.306ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \hbar }"></span>), la <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_gravitaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Constante de gravitación">constante de gravitación</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}"></span>), la <a href="/wiki/Velocidad_de_la_luz" title="Velocidad de la luz">velocidad de la luz</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}"></span>), la <a href="/wiki/Permitividad" title="Permitividad">permitividad</a> en el vacío (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2cae6289b0fe626d1f9472a3416ac73e87bc5a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.998ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}"></span>), la <a href="/wiki/Permeabilidad_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Permeabilidad magnética">permeabilidad magnética</a> en el vacío (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe2fd9b8decb38a3cd158e7b6c0c6e2d987fefcc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.456ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}"></span>) y la <a href="/wiki/Carga_elemental" class="mw-redirect" title="Carga elemental">carga elemental</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>e</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd253103f0876afc68ebead27a5aa9867d927467" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.083ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e}"></span>). Todas estas, por ser tan fundamentales, son llamadas <i>constantes universales</i>. </p><p>Por otro lado, desde 1937 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> y otros científicos han especulado que el valor de las constantes físicas podría decrecer en proporción a la edad del <a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">Universo</a>. Hasta la fecha ningún experimento ha indicado que esto sea así, aunque se ha logrado calcular las cotas máximas de esa hipotética variación de las constantes. Las cotas máximas de variación anual resultan, en todo caso, muy pequeñas, siendo de 10<sup>-5</sup> para la estructura fina y 10<sup>-11</sup> para la constante de gravitación. El tema sigue siendo motivo de controversia actualmente. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Algunas_consideraciones">Algunas consideraciones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Algunas consideraciones"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constantes_dimensionales_y_adimensionales">Constantes dimensionales y adimensionales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Constantes dimensionales y adimensionales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las constantes físicas pueden tener dimensiones como, por ejemplo, la velocidad de la luz en el vacío (que en el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a> se expresa en <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metros</a> por <a href="/wiki/Segundo_(unidad_de_tiempo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Segundo (unidad de tiempo)">segundo</a>), mientras que otras, como la <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_estructura_fina" title="Constante de estructura fina">constante de estructura fina</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span>) que caracteriza la interacción entre <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n" title="Electrón">electrones</a> y <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3n" title="Fotón">fotones</a>, es <a href="/wiki/Magnitud_adimensional" title="Magnitud adimensional">adimensional</a>. </p><p>A menos que se usen <a href="/wiki/Unidades_naturales" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidades naturales">unidades naturales</a>, el valor de las constantes que tengan dimensiones dependerá del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_unidades" title="Sistema de unidades">sistema de unidades</a> usado. Por el contrario, las constantes adimensionales son independientes del sistema de unidades usado y se las conoce como <a href="/wiki/Constante_f%C3%ADsica_fundamental" title="Constante física fundamental">constantes físicas fundamentales</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_estructura_fina" title="Constante de estructura fina">constante de estructura fina</a> es, probablemente, la mejor conocida de estas constantes adimensionales. Las razones de las masas (u otras propiedades) de las <a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_subat%C3%B3mica" title="Partícula subatómica">partículas</a> son también constantes físicas fundamentales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Las_constantes_físicas_y_la_vida_en_el_Universo"><span id="Las_constantes_f.C3.ADsicas_y_la_vida_en_el_Universo"></span>Las constantes físicas y la vida en el Universo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Las constantes físicas y la vida en el Universo"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En muchas de estas constantes ocurre un ajuste preciso que hace compatible la existencia del ser <a href="/wiki/Humano" class="mw-redirect" title="Humano">humano</a> en el <a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">cosmos</a>. Si el valor de ciertas de esas constantes fuese tan solo ligeramente diferente al que poseen, el Universo debería ser radicalmente distinto, haciendo imposible que la <a href="/wiki/Vida" title="Vida">vida</a>, tal como la conocemos, pudiese emerger. El hecho de que el Universo esté debidamente calibrado y ajustado para acoger vida inteligente ha intrigado a muchos y ha sido también motivo de debate científico y filosófico. Quizá una de las mejores respuestas que explica el ajuste de las constantes es la que da el <a href="/wiki/Principio_antr%C3%B3pico" title="Principio antrópico">principio antrópico</a>. Este afirma que dado que el ser humano está aquí, el Universo ha de ser un universo capaz de albergarlo y, por tanto, no cabe preguntarse sobre la posibilidad de que dichos valores fuesen distintos ya que, de ser así, no habría nadie que pudiese preguntárselo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tablas_de_constantes_físicas"><span id="Tablas_de_constantes_f.C3.ADsicas"></span>Tablas de constantes físicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Tablas de constantes físicas"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>NOTA: A pesar que muchas propiedades de materiales y partículas son constantes, no se muestran en las tablas ya que son específicas de los respectivos materiales o partículas.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabla_de_constantes_universales">Tabla de constantes universales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Tabla de constantes universales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#A0E0A0;"> <th>Cantidad</th> <th>Símbolo</th> <th>Valor</th> <th>Error relativo </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Impedancia_caracter%C3%ADstica_del_vac%C3%ADo" title="Impedancia característica del vacío">Impedancia característica del vacío</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z_{0}=\mu _{0}c\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z_{0}=\mu _{0}c\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9ffa071f23bba4b7290b15a00f69d58c6e6fff85" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.59ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z_{0}=\mu _{0}c\,}"></span></td> <td>376,730 313 461… Ω</td> <td>definida </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Permitividad_el%C3%A9ctrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Permitividad eléctrica">Permitividad eléctrica</a> del <a href="/wiki/Vac%C3%ADo_(f%C3%ADsica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacío (física)">vacío</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fcf9854c0de85b948ef1f3d7623f529da1f3b0d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.385ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}\,}"></span></td> <td>8,854 187 817… × 10<sup>-12</sup> F·m<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>definida </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Permeabilidad_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Permeabilidad magnética">Permeabilidad magnética</a> del vacío</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{0}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6964c55c4dd413c9ea5c1b0db961dae2b47f887c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.843ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}\,}"></span></td> <td>4π × 10<sup>-7</sup> N·A<sup>-2</sup> = 1,2566 370 614… × 10<sup>-6</sup> N·A<sup>-2</sup></td> <td>definida </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_gravitaci%C3%B3n_universal" title="Constante de gravitación universal">Constante de gravitación universal</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1f6c4d01b8be460cde4156d1fde6af720f8ff12" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.214ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G\,}"></span></td> <td>6,671 91(99) × 10<sup>-11</sup> N·m²/kg<sup>2</sup></td> <td>1,5 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Planck" title="Constante de Planck">Constante de Planck</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cecd947e6666832fcc39909b00dbde70caa9cf8c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.726ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h\,}"></span></td> <td>6,626 070 15 × 10<sup>-34</sup> J·s</td> <td>definida </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Planck" title="Constante de Planck">Constante reducida de Planck</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \hbar ={\frac {h}{2\pi }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \hbar ={\frac {h}{2\pi }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/df05180652a87fe1af83af4bba3402117bd18466" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.736ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \hbar ={\frac {h}{2\pi }}}"></span></td> <td>1,054 571 817 646 16 × 10<sup>-34</sup> J·s</td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Velocidad_de_la_luz" title="Velocidad de la luz">Velocidad de la luz</a> en el vacío</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}}}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msqrt> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}}}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd665a73022ece8bfd5606c9430755229e1a1536" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:11.719ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}}}}\,}"></span></td> <td>299 792 458 m·s<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>definida </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabla_de_constantes_electromagnéticas"><span id="Tabla_de_constantes_electromagn.C3.A9ticas"></span>Tabla de constantes electromagnéticas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Tabla de constantes electromagnéticas"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#A0E0A0;"> <th>Cantidad</th> <th>Símbolo</th> <th>Valor<sup>1</sup> (unidades <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a>)</th> <th>Error relativo </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnet%C3%B3n_de_Bohr" title="Magnetón de Bohr">Magnetón de Bohr</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{B}=e\hbar /2m_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{B}=e\hbar /2m_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3f5e16810b83298cbc6b54008a4e8b5ef90a3af7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.733ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{B}=e\hbar /2m_{e}}"></span></td> <td>9,27400949(80) × 10<sup>-24</sup> J·T<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>8,6 × 10<sup>-8</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnet%C3%B3n_nuclear" title="Magnetón nuclear">Magnetón nuclear</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{N}=e\hbar /2m_{p}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{N}=e\hbar /2m_{p}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76a54fa6289aa747d7d0a0809fecc175168b4a9a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.006ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{N}=e\hbar /2m_{p}}"></span></td> <td>5,050 783 43(43) × 10<sup>-27</sup> J·T<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>8,6 × 10<sup>-8</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resistencia_cu%C3%A1ntica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resistencia cuántica (aún no redactado)">Resistencia cuántica</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{0}=h/2e^{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{0}=h/2e^{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4de06672f288fe5d978a340f32b99285e2276239" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.105ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{0}=h/2e^{2}\,}"></span></td> <td>12 906,403 729 652 3 Ω</td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td>Constante de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Von_Klitzing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Von Klitzing (aún no redactado)">von Klitzing</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{K}=h/e^{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>K</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{K}=h/e^{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eec905e4885032636bcd06a1fa0510300c010d81" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.582ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{K}=h/e^{2}\,}"></span></td> <td>25 812,807 459 304 5 Ω</td> <td>exacto </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabla_de_constantes_atómicas_y_nucleares"><span id="Tabla_de_constantes_at.C3.B3micas_y_nucleares"></span>Tabla de constantes atómicas y nucleares</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar sección: Tabla de constantes atómicas y nucleares"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#A0E0A0;" align="center"> <td colspan="2"><b>Cantidad</b></td> <td><b>Símbolo</b></td> <td><b>Valor<sup>1</sup> (unidades <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a>)</b></td> <td><b>Error relativo</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radio_de_Bohr" title="Radio de Bohr">Radio de Bohr</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{0}=\alpha /4\pi R_{\infty }\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{0}=\alpha /4\pi R_{\infty }\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7b79a7fe60a6b89b8d1d7ba113621395d796ccd2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.554ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{0}=\alpha /4\pi R_{\infty }\,}"></span></td> <td>0,529 177 2108(18) × 10<sup>-10</sup> m</td> <td>3,3 × 10<sup>-9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Fermi" title="Constante de Fermi">Constante de acoplamiento de Fermi</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G_{F}/(\hbar c)^{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G_{F}/(\hbar c)^{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9c471261ba2d1bdf3bc9ef2ede696a2957ee470" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.629ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G_{F}/(\hbar c)^{3}}"></span></td> <td>1,166 39(1) × 10<sup>-5</sup> GeV<sup>-2</sup></td> <td>8,6 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_estructura_fina" title="Constante de estructura fina">Constante de estructura fina</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha =\mu _{0}e^{2}c/(2h)=e^{2}/(4\pi \epsilon _{0}\hbar c)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha =\mu _{0}e^{2}c/(2h)=e^{2}/(4\pi \epsilon _{0}\hbar c)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/21bccd80e3e7b1692e8f38bcf3a333cc9e804c15" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:31.061ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha =\mu _{0}e^{2}c/(2h)=e^{2}/(4\pi \epsilon _{0}\hbar c)\,}"></span></td> <td>7,297 352 568(24) × 10<sup>-3</sup></td> <td>3,3 × 10<sup>-9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_de_Hartree" class="mw-redirect" title="Energía de Hartree">Energía de Hartree</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{h}=2R_{\infty }hc\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{h}=2R_{\infty }hc\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dccdc79d853bd7e3a2969f2f73cd184607789623" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.528ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{h}=2R_{\infty }hc\,}"></span></td> <td>4,359 744 17(75) × 10<sup>-18</sup> J</td> <td>1,7 × 10<sup>-7</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantum_of_circulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantum of circulation (aún no redactado)">Quantum of circulation</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h/2m_{e}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h/2m_{e}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43d331dbac040a0fbf7f18f4f299cea089accc5e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.09ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h/2m_{e}\,}"></span></td> <td>3,636 947 550(24) × 10<sup>-4</sup> m² s<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>6,7 × 10<sup>-9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Rydberg" title="Constante de Rydberg">Constante de Rydberg</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\infty }=\alpha ^{2}m_{e}c/2h\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>h</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\infty }=\alpha ^{2}m_{e}c/2h\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de84674150dba5c49eeb21734f8511e24544eede" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.376ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\infty }=\alpha ^{2}m_{e}c/2h\,}"></span></td> <td>10 973 731.568 525(73) m<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>6,6 × 10<sup>-12</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Secci%C3%B3n_eficaz" title="Sección eficaz">Sección eficaz</a> de Thomson</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (8\pi /3)r_{e}^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msubsup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (8\pi /3)r_{e}^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3e805846a007a31513425ab81586d89b6c002c35" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.732ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (8\pi /3)r_{e}^{2}}"></span></td> <td>0,665 245 873(13) × 10<sup>-28</sup> m²</td> <td>2,0 × 10<sup>-8</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngulo_de_Weinberg" title="Ángulo de Weinberg">Ángulo de Weinberg</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{W}=1-(m_{W}/m_{Z})^{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{W}=1-(m_{W}/m_{Z})^{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c79574e4e75467a083ee808d4eeb116a098030ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:26.312ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{W}=1-(m_{W}/m_{Z})^{2}\,}"></span></td> <td>0,222 15(76)</td> <td>3,4 × 10<sup>-3</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabla_de_constantes_físico-químicas"><span id="Tabla_de_constantes_f.C3.ADsico-qu.C3.ADmicas"></span>Tabla de constantes físico-químicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar sección: Tabla de constantes físico-químicas"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#A0E0A0;" align="center"> <td colspan="2"><b>Cantidad</b></td> <td><b>Símbolo</b></td> <td><b>Valor<sup>1</sup> (unidades <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a>)</b></td> <td><b>Error relativo</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_masa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Constante de masa atómica">Constante de masa atómica</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{u}=1\ u\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>u</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{u}=1\ u\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ce301e7aa4c3755cf396d24184d172b7f4702568" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.771ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{u}=1\ u\,}"></span></td> <td>1,660 538 86(28) × 10<sup>-27</sup> kg</td> <td>1,7 × 10<sup>-7</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_Avogadro" class="mw-redirect" title="Número de Avogadro">Número de Avogadro</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{A},L\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{A},L\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9eddd5abd58db5202a291debd5b7241ce1d67e91" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.335ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{A},L\,}"></span></td> <td>6,022 140 76 × 10<sup>23</sup></td> <td>definida </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Boltzmann" title="Constante de Boltzmann">Constante de Boltzmann</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=R/N_{A}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=R/N_{A}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50eb8aca4fb4941634a2ce5036ae58d10b449398" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.954ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=R/N_{A}\,}"></span></td> <td>1,380 649 × 10<sup>-23</sup> J·K<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>definida </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Faraday" title="Constante de Faraday">Constante de Faraday</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=N_{A}e\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>e</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=N_{A}e\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b0f59a88223116716b5100728161d17f4481baf2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.641ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=N_{A}e\,}"></span></td> <td>96 485,332 123 310 018 4 C·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primera_constante_de_radiaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primera constante de radiación (aún no redactado)">Primera constante de radiación</a></td> <td></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{1}=2\pi hc^{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>h</mi> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{1}=2\pi hc^{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9d4d856ddc85c291198ecf12fb782fef0f270358" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.441ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{1}=2\pi hc^{2}\,}"></span></td> <td>3,741 771 852 191 76 × 10<sup>-16</sup> W·m²</td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td>para radiancia espectral</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{1L}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{1L}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/09963996f1977e8fbc69eb0394bac479313b494e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.567ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{1L}\,}"></span></td> <td>1,191 042 82(20) × 10<sup>-16</sup> W · m² sr<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>1,7 × 10<sup>-7</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAmero_de_Loschmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Número de Loschmidt (aún no redactado)">Número de Loschmidt</a></td> <td>a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>=273,15 K y <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span>=101,325 kPa</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{0}=N_{A}/V_{m}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{0}=N_{A}/V_{m}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd9a1a1f6d41091c49c9cb0e15fa53a2bbd4ebd0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.458ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{0}=N_{A}/V_{m}\,}"></span></td> <td>2,686 7773(47) × 10<sup>25</sup> m<sup>-3</sup></td> <td>1,8 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_universal_de_los_gases_ideales" class="mw-redirect" title="Constante universal de los gases ideales">Constante universal de los gases ideales</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/293563891196765d2d51e0dd54e1ae1000ba9def" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.151ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\,}"></span></td> <td>8,314 462 618 153 24 J·K<sup>-1</sup>·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_molar_de_Planck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constante molar de Planck (aún no redactado)">Constante molar de Planck</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{A}h\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>h</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{A}h\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa0bf22e32e462ed7fcb1bd4285288de6786e68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.057ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{A}h\,}"></span></td> <td>3,990 312 712 893 431 4 × 10<sup>-10</sup> J · s · mol<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Volumen molar de un <a href="/wiki/Gas_ideal" title="Gas ideal">gas ideal</a></td> <td>a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>=273,15 K y <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span>=100 kPa</td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{m}=RT/p\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{m}=RT/p\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23ccdc343c4d4821d3383e31d7da7efdd7f3e752" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.248ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{m}=RT/p\,}"></span></td> <td>22,710 981(40) × 10<sup>-3</sup> m³ · mol<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>1,7 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>=273.15 K y <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span>=101,325 kPa</td> <td>22,413 996(39) × 10<sup>-3</sup> m³ · mol<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>1,7 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ecuaci%C3%B3n_de_Sackur-Tetrode" title="Ecuación de Sackur-Tetrode">Constante de Sackur-Tetrode</a></td> <td>a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>=1 K y <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span>=100 kPa</td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{0}/R={\frac {5}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{0}/R={\frac {5}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7122f05c7901795274ccacfd991ec453ba91c572" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.503ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{0}/R={\frac {5}{2}}}"></span> <br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle +\ln \left[(2\pi m_{u}kT/h^{2})^{3/2}kT/p\right]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle +\ln \left[(2\pi m_{u}kT/h^{2})^{3/2}kT/p\right]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f620d502b24516f88ec1e1637e8a13ef534f127f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:28.127ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle +\ln \left[(2\pi m_{u}kT/h^{2})^{3/2}kT/p\right]}"></span></td> <td>-1,151 7047(44)</td> <td>3,8 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span>=1 K y <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span>=101,325 kPa</td> <td>-1.164 8677(44)</td> <td>3,8 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Segunda constante de radiación</td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{2}=hc/k\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{2}=hc/k\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23c4819b3d3e8659defc7ee9a263f52d643ceb43" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.266ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{2}=hc/k\,}"></span></td> <td>1,438 776 877 503 93 × 10<sup>-2</sup> m·K</td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Stefan-Boltzmann" title="Constante de Stefan-Boltzmann">Constante de Stefan-Boltzmann</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma =(\pi ^{2}/60)k^{4}/\hbar ^{3}c^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>60</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msup> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma =(\pi ^{2}/60)k^{4}/\hbar ^{3}c^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8f7704356b3d5edf729f61f941253af8d5bae8f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.978ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma =(\pi ^{2}/60)k^{4}/\hbar ^{3}c^{2}}"></span></td> <td>5,670 374 419 184 43 × 10<sup>-8</sup> W·m<sup>-2</sup>·K<sup>-4</sup></td> <td>exacto </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Constante de la <a href="/wiki/Ley_de_desplazamiento_de_Wien" title="Ley de desplazamiento de Wien">ley de desplazamiento de Wien</a></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{energia}=(hc/k)/\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{energia}=(hc/k)/\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a38d8e881f3714e1d2ddb3bbfcbe073193473b56" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.893ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{energia}=(hc/k)/\,}"></span> 4,965 114 231…</td> <td>2,897 7685(51) × 10<sup>-3</sup> m · K</td> <td>1,7 × 10<sup>-6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Valor convencional de la <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Constante de Josephson">constante de Josephson</a><sup>2</sup></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K_{J-90}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>J</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K_{J-90}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a0889c620d683a6e668c518cdf0d90eff8f2f2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.555ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K_{J-90}\,}"></span></td> <td>483 597,9 × 10<sup>9</sup> Hz · V<sup>-1</sup></td> <td>definida </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar sección: Notas"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup>1</sup>Los valores se dan en la llamada <i>forma concisa</i>; El número entre paréntesis es el <i><a href="/wiki/Error_absoluto" class="mw-redirect" title="Error absoluto">error absoluto</a></i>, que se obtiene de multiplicar el propio valor por el <i><a href="/wiki/Error_relativo" class="mw-redirect" title="Error relativo">error relativo</a></i>.<br /> <sup>2</sup>Este es el valor adoptado internacionalmente para realizar representaciones del <a href="/wiki/Voltio" title="Voltio">voltio</a> usando el <a href="/wiki/Efecto_Josephson" title="Efecto Josephson">efecto Josephson</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Este es el valor adoptado internacionalmente para realizar representaciones del <a href="/wiki/Ohmio" title="Ohmio">ohmio</a> usando el <a href="/wiki/Efecto_cu%C3%A1ntico_de_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Efecto cuántico de Hall">efecto cuántico de Hall</a>.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Hubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constante de Hubble">Constante de Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ley_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Ley científica">Ley científica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CODATA" title="CODATA">CODATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unidades_naturales" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidades naturales">Unidades naturales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocidad_de_la_luz_variable" title="Velocidad de la luz variable">Velocidad de la luz variable</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants">CODATA Recommendations</a> - Últimos valores recomendados para las constantes físicas por el CODATA (2002)</li></ul> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"></div> 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.mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Control_de_autoridades" title="Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyectos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173227" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q173227">Q173227</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physical_constants">Physical constants</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q173227%22">Q173227</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933869c">11933869c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933869c">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4174607-7">4174607-7</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85031311">sh85031311</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Checa">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph202527">ph202527</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel">NLI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007555411005171">987007555411005171</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedias</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/physical-constant">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Ontologías</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Número IEV:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-03-09">112-03-09</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173227" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q173227">Q173227</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constante_física&oldid=157770167">https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constante_física&oldid=157770167</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoría</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Constantes_f%C3%ADsicas" title="Categoría:Constantes físicas">Constantes físicas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorías ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_BNF" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_GND" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores 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