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<button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Style_and_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Style and themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Major novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shorter_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shorter_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Shorter narratives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shorter_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Plays </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonfiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonfiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Nonfiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonfiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism,_biographies_and_fictional_treatments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism,_biographies_and_fictional_treatments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Criticism, biographies and fictional treatments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism,_biographies_and_fictional_treatments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals_in_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals_in_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Portrayals in fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals_in_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autobiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autobiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Autobiography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autobiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Biography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Letters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Editions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electronic_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Electronic editions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Henry James</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" > 73 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%84%E1%8A%95%E1%88%AA_%E1%8C%84%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5" title="ሄንሪ ጄምስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሄንሪ ጄምስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3" title="هنري جيمس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنري جيمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Ceyms" title="Henri Ceyms – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Henri Ceyms" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="هنری جیمز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هنری جیمز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="হেনরি জেমস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হেনরি জেমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Генры Джэймс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генры Джэймс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7" title="Гэнры Джэймз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гэнры Джэймз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Хенри Джеймс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хенри Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%B9_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82" title="Χένρι Τζέιμς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χένρι Τζέιμς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="هنری جیمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنری جیمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4" title="헨리 제임스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헨리 제임스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Հենրի Ջեյմս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հենրի Ջեյմս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="הנרי ג'יימס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנרי ג'יימס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹೆನ್ರಿ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೆನ್ರಿ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ჰენრი ჯეიმზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰენრი ჯეიმზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_James" title="Henricus James – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus James" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrijs_D%C5%BEeimss" title="Henrijs Džeimss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Henrijs Džeimss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Хенри Џејмс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хенри Џејмс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="हेन्री जेम्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेन्री जेम्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ჰენრი ჯეიმზი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰენრი ჯეიმზი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3" title="هنرى جيمس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنرى جيمس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="ヘンリー・ジェイムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘンリー・ジェイムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਹੈਨਰੀ ਜੇਮਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਨਰੀ ਜੇਮਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Джеймс, Генри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джеймс, Генри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ھێنری جەیمز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێنری جەیمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Хенри Џејмс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хенри Џејмс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Генрі Джеймс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генрі Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ہنری جیمز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہنری جیمز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF" title="亨利·詹姆斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亨利·詹姆斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB" title="亨利占士 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亨利占士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Henry James" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF" title="亨利·詹姆斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亨利·詹姆斯" data-language-autonym="中文" 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searchaux" style="display:none">American and British writer (1843–1916)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Henry James, see <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Henry James (disambiguation)">Henry James (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Henry James</div> <div class="honorific-suffix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James in 1913"><img alt="James in 1913" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg/220px-Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg/330px-Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg/440px-Henry_James_by_John_Singer_Sargent_cleaned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3001" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">James in 1913</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">(1843-04-15)15 April 1843 <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">28 February 1916(1916-02-28) (aged 72) <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea, London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">American (1843–1915) British (1915–1916)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1863–1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/The_American_(novel)" title="The American (novel)">The American</a> (1877) <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Miller" title="Daisy Miller">Daisy Miller</a> (1879) <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(novel)" title="Washington Square (novel)">Washington Square</a> (1880) <a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a> (1881) <a href="/wiki/The_Bostonians" title="The Bostonians">The Bostonians</a> (1886) <a href="/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers" title="The Aspern Papers">The Aspern Papers</a> (1888) <a href="/wiki/What_Maisie_Knew" title="What Maisie Knew">What Maisie Knew</a> (1897) <a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a> (1898) <a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="The Wings of the Dove">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1902) <a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors" title="The Ambassadors">The Ambassadors</a> (1903) <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bowl" title="The Golden Bowl">The Golden Bowl</a> (1904)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Sr." title="Henry James Sr.">Henry James Sr.</a> (father) <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> (brother) <a href="/wiki/Alice_James" title="Alice James">Alice James</a> (sister)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_James_signature_(1907).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Henry_James_signature_%281907%29.png/150px-Henry_James_signature_%281907%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Henry_James_signature_%281907%29.png/225px-Henry_James_signature_%281907%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Henry_James_signature_%281907%29.png/300px-Henry_James_signature_%281907%29.png 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="443" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Henry James <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a> ((1843-04-15)15 April 1843 – (1916-02-28)28 February 1916) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">literary realism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">literary modernism</a>, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Sr." title="Henry James Sr.">Henry James Sr.</a> and the brother of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosopher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a> <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarist">diarist</a> <a href="/wiki/Alice_James" title="Alice James">Alice James</a>. He is best known for his novels dealing with the social and marital interplay between émigré Americans, the English, and continental Europeans, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a>. His later works, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors" title="The Ambassadors">The Ambassadors</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="The Wings of the Dove">The Wings of the Dove</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bowl" title="The Golden Bowl">The Golden Bowl</a> were increasingly experimental. In describing the internal states of mind and social dynamics of his characters, James often wrote in a style in which ambiguous or contradictory motives and impressions were overlaid or juxtaposed in the discussion of a character's psyche. For their unique ambiguity, as well as for other aspects of their composition, his late works have been compared to <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionist painting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> His novella <a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a> has garnered a reputation as the most analysed and ambiguous <a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">ghost story</a> in the English language and remains his most widely adapted work in other media. He wrote other highly regarded ghost stories, such as "<a href="/wiki/The_Jolly_Corner" title="The Jolly Corner">The Jolly Corner</a>". James published articles and books of criticism, <a href="/wiki/Travel_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel writing">travel</a>, biography, autobiography, and plays. Born in the United States, James largely relocated to Europe as a young man, and eventually settled in England, becoming a <a href="/wiki/British_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="British citizen">British citizen</a> in 1915, a year before his death. James was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 1911, 1912, and 1916.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> said "I have visited some literatures of East and West; I have compiled an encyclopedic compendium of fantastic literature; I have translated <a href="/wiki/Kafka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafka">Kafka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Melville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Bloy</a>; I know of no stranger work than that of Henry James."<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years,_1843–1883">Early years, 1843–1883</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years, 1843–1883">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_James_Sr._and_Henry_James_Jr._in_1854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Henry_James_Sr._and_Henry_James_Jr._in_1854.jpg/220px-Henry_James_Sr._and_Henry_James_Jr._in_1854.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Henry_James_Sr._and_Henry_James_Jr._in_1854.jpg/330px-Henry_James_Sr._and_Henry_James_Jr._in_1854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Henry_James_Sr._and_Henry_James_Jr._in_1854.jpg/440px-Henry_James_Sr._and_Henry_James_Jr._in_1854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="1343" /></a><figcaption>Henry James, age 11, with his father, <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Sr." title="Henry James Sr.">Henry James Sr.</a> – 1854 <a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a></figcaption></figure> James was born at 21 Washington Place (facing Washington Square) in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on 15 April 1843. His parents were Mary Walsh and Henry James Sr. His father was intelligent and steadfastly congenial. He was a lecturer and philosopher who had inherited independent means from his father, William James, a farmer from Corkish, County Cavan, Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> who had emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> and became the second richest man in the state after <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a> through banking and real estate. Mary came from a wealthy family long settled in New York City. Her sister Katherine lived with her adult family for an extended period of time. Henry Jr. was one of four boys, the others being <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William</a>, who was one year his senior, and younger brothers Wilkinson (<a href="/wiki/Wilkie_James" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilkie James">Wilkie</a>) and Robertson. His younger sister was <a href="/wiki/Alice_James" title="Alice James">Alice</a>. Both of his parents were of Irish and Scottish descent.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Before he was a year old, his father sold the house at Washington Place and took the family to Europe, where they lived for a time in a cottage in <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Great_Park" title="Windsor Great Park">Windsor Great Park</a> in England. The family returned to New York in 1845, and Henry spent much of his childhood living between his paternal grandmother's home in Albany, and a house, 58 West <a href="/wiki/14th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="14th Street (Manhattan)">Fourteenth Street</a>, in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> A painting of a view of Florence by Thomas Cole hung in the front parlor of this house on West Fourteenth.<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> His education was calculated by his father to expose him to many influences, primarily scientific and philosophical; it was described by Percy Lubbock, the editor of his selected letters, as "extraordinarily haphazard and promiscuous."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Once, a cousin of the James family came down to the house in Fourteenth Street and, one evening during his stay, read the first installment of <a href="/wiki/David_Copperfield" title="David Copperfield">David Copperfield</a> aloud to the elders of the family: Henry Junior had sneaked down from his bedroom to listen surreptitiously to the reading, until a scene involving the Murdstones led him to "loud[ly] sob," whereupon he was discovered and sent back to bed.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Between 1855 and 1860, the James household travelled to London, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, according to the father's current interests and publishing ventures, retreating to the United States when funds were low.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The James family arrived in Paris in July 1855 and took rooms at a hotel in the Rue de la Paix.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Some time between 1856 and 1857, when William was fourteen and Henry thirteen, the two brothers visited the Louvre and the Luxembourg Palace.<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a> Henry studied primarily with tutors, and briefly attended schools while the family travelled in Europe. A tutor of the James children in Paris, M. Lerambert, had written a volume of verse that was well reviewed by Sainte-Beuve.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Their longest stays were in France, where Henry began to feel at home and became fluent in French.<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a> He had a stutter, which seems to have manifested itself only when he spoke English; in French, he did not stutter.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_James_at_age16.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Henry_James_at_age16.JPG/120px-Henry_James_at_age16.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Henry_James_at_age16.JPG/180px-Henry_James_at_age16.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Henry_James_at_age16.JPG/240px-Henry_James_at_age16.JPG 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>James, age 16</figcaption></figure> In the summer of 1857, the James family went to Boulogne-sur-Mer, where they set up house at No. 20 Rue Neuve Chaussée, and where Henry was a regular customer at an English lending library.<a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a> In the autumn of that year, Henry Senior wrote from Boulogne to a friend that "Henry is not so fond of study, properly so-called, as of reading...He is a devourer of libraries, and an immense writer of novels and dramas. He has considerable talent as a writer, but I am at a loss to know whether he will ever accomplish much."<a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a> William recorded in a letter to their parents in Paris, while the boys were staying in Bonn, that Henry and Garth Wilkinson would wrestle "when study has made them dull and sleepy."<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a> In 1860, the family returned to Newport. There, Henry befriended <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sergeant_Perry" title="Thomas Sergeant Perry">Thomas Sergeant Perry</a>, who was to become a celebrated literary academic in adulthood, and painter <a href="/wiki/John_La_Farge" title="John La Farge">John La Farge</a>, for whom Henry sat as a subject, and who introduced him to French literature, and in particular, to <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Balzac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> James later called Balzac his "greatest master", and said that he had learned more about the craft of fiction from him than from anyone else.<a href="#cite_note-Powers_1970,_p._11-17">[17]</a> In July 1861, Henry and Thomas Sergeant Perry paid a visit to an encampment of wounded and invalid Union soldiers on the Rhode Island shore, at <a href="/wiki/Melville,_Rhode_Island" title="Melville, Rhode Island">Portsmouth Grove</a>; he took walks and had conversations with numerous soldiers and in later years compared this experience to those of <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a> as a volunteer nurse.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In the autumn of 1861, James received an injury, probably to his back, while fighting a fire. This injury, which resurfaced at times throughout his life, made him unfit for military service in the American Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-Powers_1970,_p._11-17">[17]</a> His younger brothers Garth Wilkinson and Robertson, however, both served, with Wilkinson serving as an officer in the <a href="/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment" title="54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment">54th Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1864, the James family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, to be near William, who had enrolled first in the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard and then in the medical school. In 1862, Henry attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, but realised that he was not interested in studying law. He pursued his interest in literature and associated with authors and critics <a href="/wiki/William_Dean_Howells" title="William Dean Howells">William Dean Howells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eliot_Norton" title="Charles Eliot Norton">Charles Eliot Norton</a> in Boston and Cambridge and formed lifelong friendships with <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a>, the future Supreme Court justice, and with <a href="/wiki/James_T._Fields" title="James T. Fields">James T. Fields</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Adams_Fields" title="Annie Adams Fields">Annie Adams Fields</a>, his first professional mentors. In 1865, <a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a> visited Boston and dined with the James family; she was to write in her journals that "Henry Jr....was very friendly. Being a literary youth he gave me advice, as if he had been eighty, and I a girl."<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> His first published work was a review of a stage performance, "Miss Maggie Mitchell in Fanchon the Cricket", published in 1863.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> About a year later, "<a href="/wiki/A_Tragedy_of_Error" title="A Tragedy of Error">A Tragedy of Error</a>", his first short story, was published anonymously. James's first literary payment was for an appreciation of Sir Walter Scott's novels, written for the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Review" title="North American Review">North American Review</a>. He wrote fiction and nonfiction pieces for <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Monthly">Atlantic Monthly</a>, where Fields was editor. In 1865, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lawrence_Godkin" title="Edwin Lawrence Godkin">Ernest Lawrence Godkin</a>, the founder of The Nation, visited the James family at their Boston residence in Ashburton Place; the purpose of his visit was to solicit contributions from Henry Senior and Henry Junior for the inaugural issue of the journal.<a href="#cite_note-:3-22">[22]</a> Henry Junior was later to describe his friendship with Godkin as "one of the longest and happiest of my life."<a href="#cite_note-:3-22">[22]</a> In 1871, he published his first novel, <a href="/wiki/Watch_and_Ward" title="Watch and Ward">Watch and Ward</a>, in serial form in the Atlantic Monthly. The novel was later published in book form in 1878. During a 14-month trip through Europe in 1869–70, he met <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Matthew Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>. Rome impressed him profoundly. "Here I am then in the Eternal City", he wrote to his brother William. "At last—for the first time—I live!"<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> He attempted to support himself as a freelance writer in Rome and then secured a position as Paris correspondent for the New York Tribune through the influence of its editor, <a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">John Hay</a>. When these efforts failed, he returned to New York City. During 1874 and 1875, he published Transatlantic Sketches, <a href="/wiki/A_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="A Passionate Pilgrim">A Passionate Pilgrim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Hudson" title="Roderick Hudson">Roderick Hudson</a>. In 1875, James wrote for The Nation every week; he received anywhere from $3 to $10 for brief paragraphs, $12 to $25 for book reviews and $25 to $40 for travel articles and lengthier items.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> During this early period in his career, he was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|Powers|1970|p=16-25">[25]</a> In the fall of 1875, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter,_Paris" title="Latin Quarter, Paris">Latin Quarter of Paris</a>. Aside from two trips to America, he spent the next three decades—the rest of his life—in Europe. In Paris, he met <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Zola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Daudet" title="Alphonse Daudet">Daudet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Maupassant" title="Guy de Maupassant">Maupassant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Turgenev</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> He stayed in Paris only a year before settling in London, where he established relationships with Macmillan and other publishers, who paid for serial instalments that they published in book form. The audience for these serialised novels was largely made up of middle-class women, and James struggled to fashion serious literary work within the strictures imposed by editors' and publishers' notions of what was suitable for young women to read. He lived in rented rooms, but was able to join gentlemen's clubs that had libraries and where he could entertain male friends. He was introduced to English society by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Henry Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Milnes_Gaskell" title="Charles Milnes Gaskell">Charles Milnes Gaskell</a>, the latter introducing him to the <a href="/wiki/Travellers_Club" title="Travellers Club">Travellers'</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Club" title="Reform Club">Reform Clubs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gamble_2008-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> He was also an honorary member of the <a href="/wiki/Savile_Club" title="Savile Club">Savile Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Club" title="St James's Club">St James's Club</a> and, in 1882, the <a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Club,_London" title="Athenaeum Club, London">Athenaeum Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In England, he met the leading figures of politics and culture. He continued to be a prolific writer, producing <a href="/wiki/The_American_(novel)" title="The American (novel)">The American</a> (1877), <a href="/wiki/The_Europeans" title="The Europeans">The Europeans</a> (1878), a revision of Watch and Ward (1878), <a href="/wiki/French_Poets_and_Novelists" title="French Poets and Novelists">French Poets and Novelists</a> (1878), <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_(book)" title="Hawthorne (book)">Hawthorne</a> (1879), and several shorter works of fiction. In 1878, <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Miller" title="Daisy Miller">Daisy Miller</a> established his fame on both sides of the Atlantic. It drew notice perhaps mostly because it depicted a woman whose behaviour is outside the social norms of Europe. He also began his first masterpiece,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a>, which appeared in 1881. In 1877, he first visited <a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenlock Abbey">Wenlock Abbey</a> in Shropshire, home of his friend <a href="/wiki/Charles_Milnes_Gaskell" title="Charles Milnes Gaskell">Charles Milnes Gaskell</a>, whom he had met through Henry Adams. He was much inspired by the darkly romantic abbey and the surrounding countryside, which feature in his essay "Abbeys and Castles".<a href="#cite_note-Gamble_2008-27">[27]</a> In particular, the gloomy monastic fishponds behind the abbey are said to have inspired the lake in <a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> While living in London, James continued to follow the careers of the French realists, Émile Zola in particular. Their stylistic methods influenced his own work in the years to come.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|Powers|1970|p=17-33">[33]</a> Hawthorne's influence on him faded during this period, replaced by George Eliot and Ivan Turgenev.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|Powers|1970|p=16-25">[25]</a> The period from 1878 to 1881 had the publication of The Europeans, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(novel)" title="Washington Square (novel)">Washington Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confidence_(novel)" title="Confidence (novel)">Confidence</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a>. The period from 1882 to 1883 was marked by several losses. His mother died in January 1882, while James was in Washington, D.C., on an extended visit to America.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> He returned to his parents' home in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, where he was together with all four of his siblings for the first time in 15 years.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> He returned to Europe in mid-1882, but was back in America by the end of the year following the death of his father. Emerson, an old family friend, died in 1882. His brother Wilkie and friend Turgenev both died in 1883. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_years,_1884–1897">Middle years, 1884–1897</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle years, 1884–1897">edit</a>]</div> In 1884, James made another visit to Paris, where he met again with Zola, Daudet, and Goncourt. He had been following the careers of the French "realist" or "naturalist" writers, and was increasingly influenced by them.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|Powers|1970|p=17-33">[33]</a> In 1886, he published <a href="/wiki/The_Bostonians" title="The Bostonians">The Bostonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Casamassima" title="The Princess Casamassima">The Princess Casamassima</a>, both influenced by the French writers that he had studied assiduously. Critical reaction and sales were poor. He wrote to Howells that the books had hurt his career rather than helped because they had "reduced the desire, and demand, for my productions to zero".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> During this time, he became friends with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Edmund Gosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_du_Maurier" title="George du Maurier">George du Maurier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bourget" title="Paul Bourget">Paul Bourget</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Constance_Fenimore_Woolson" title="Constance Fenimore Woolson">Constance Fenimore Woolson</a>. His third novel from the 1880s was <a href="/wiki/The_Tragic_Muse" title="The Tragic Muse">The Tragic Muse</a>. Although he was following the precepts of Zola in his novels of the '80s, their tone and attitude are closer to the fiction of Alphonse Daudet.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The lack of critical and financial success for his novels during this period led him to try writing for the theatre;<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> His dramatic works and his experiences with theatre are discussed below. In the last quarter of 1889, "for pure and copious lucre,"<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> he started translating Port Tarascon, the third volume of Daudet's adventures of <a href="/wiki/Tartarin" title="Tartarin">Tartarin of Tarascon</a>. Serialized in <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Monthly</a> from June 1890, this translation – praised as "clever" by <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> – was published in January 1891 by <a href="/wiki/Sampson_Low" title="Sampson Low">Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington</a>. After the stage failure of <a href="/wiki/Guy_Domville" title="Guy Domville">Guy Domville</a> in 1895, James was near despair and thoughts of death plagued him.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> His depression was compounded by the deaths of those closest to him, including his sister Alice in 1892; his friend <a href="/wiki/Wolcott_Balestier" title="Wolcott Balestier">Wolcott Balestier</a> in 1891; and Stevenson and Fenimore Woolson in 1894. The sudden death of Fenimore Woolson in January 1894, and the speculations of suicide surrounding her death, were particularly painful for him.<a href="#cite_note-Woolson-42">[42]</a> Leon Edel wrote that the reverberations from Fenimore Woolson's death were such that "we can read a strong element of guilt and bewilderment in his letters, and, even more, in those extraordinary tales of the next half-dozen years, "<a href="/wiki/The_Altar_of_the_Dead" title="The Altar of the Dead">The Altar of the Dead</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Beast_in_the_Jungle" title="The Beast in the Jungle">The Beast in the Jungle</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Woolson-42">[42]</a> The years spent on dramatic works were not entirely a loss. As he moved into the last phase of his career, he found ways to adapt dramatic techniques into the novel form. In the late 1880s and throughout the 1890s, James made several trips through Europe. He spent a long stay in Italy in 1887. In 1888, he published the short novel <a href="/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers" title="The Aspern Papers">The Aspern Papers</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Reverberator" title="The Reverberator">The Reverberator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_years,_1898–1916">Late years, 1898–1916</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Late years, 1898–1916">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:HenryJamesPhotograph.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/HenryJamesPhotograph.png/220px-HenryJamesPhotograph.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/HenryJamesPhotograph.png/330px-HenryJamesPhotograph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/HenryJamesPhotograph.png/440px-HenryJamesPhotograph.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="854" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">James in 1890</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Copy_of_1913_statue_of_Henry_James_by_Francis_Derwent_Wood_at_Chelsea_Library_(original_was_stolen_in_1992).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Copy_of_1913_statue_of_Henry_James_by_Francis_Derwent_Wood_at_Chelsea_Library_%28original_was_stolen_in_1992%29.jpg/220px-Copy_of_1913_statue_of_Henry_James_by_Francis_Derwent_Wood_at_Chelsea_Library_%28original_was_stolen_in_1992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Copy_of_1913_statue_of_Henry_James_by_Francis_Derwent_Wood_at_Chelsea_Library_%28original_was_stolen_in_1992%29.jpg/330px-Copy_of_1913_statue_of_Henry_James_by_Francis_Derwent_Wood_at_Chelsea_Library_%28original_was_stolen_in_1992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Copy_of_1913_statue_of_Henry_James_by_Francis_Derwent_Wood_at_Chelsea_Library_%28original_was_stolen_in_1992%29.jpg/440px-Copy_of_1913_statue_of_Henry_James_by_Francis_Derwent_Wood_at_Chelsea_Library_%28original_was_stolen_in_1992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Copy of 1913 statue of Henry James by Francis Derwent Wood, displayed at Chelsea Library. (Original statue was stolen in 1992.)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_James_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Henry_James_grave.jpg/220px-Henry_James_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Henry_James_grave.jpg/330px-Henry_James_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Henry_James_grave.jpg/440px-Henry_James_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Grave marker in Cambridge Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts</div></div></div></div></div> In 1897–1898, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Rye,_East_Sussex" title="Rye, East Sussex">Rye, Sussex</a> and wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a>; 1899–1900 had the publication of <a href="/wiki/The_Awkward_Age" title="The Awkward Age">The Awkward Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Sacred_Fount" title="The Sacred Fount">The Sacred Fount</a>. During 1902–1904, he wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="The Wings of the Dove">The Wings of the Dove</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors" title="The Ambassadors">The Ambassadors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bowl" title="The Golden Bowl">The Golden Bowl</a>. In 1904, he revisited America and lectured on Balzac. In 1906–1910, he published <a href="/wiki/The_American_Scene" title="The American Scene">The American Scene</a> and edited the "<a href="/wiki/New_York_Edition" title="New York Edition">New York Edition</a>", a 24-volume collection of his works. In 1910, his brother William died; Henry had just joined William from an unsuccessful search for relief in Europe, on what turned out to be Henry's last visit to the United States (summer 1910 to July 1911) and was near him when he died.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 1913, he wrote his autobiographies, <a href="/wiki/A_Small_Boy_and_Others" title="A Small Boy and Others">A Small Boy and Others</a> and <a href="/wiki/Notes_of_a_Son_and_Brother" title="Notes of a Son and Brother">Notes of a Son and Brother</a>. After the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, he did war work. In 1915, he became a British citizen and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> the following year. He died on 28 February 1916, in <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea, London</a>, and was cremated at <a href="/wiki/Golders_Green_Crematorium" title="Golders Green Crematorium">Golders Green Crematorium</a>. A memorial was built to him in <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Old_Church" title="Chelsea Old Church">Chelsea Old Church</a>. He had requested that his ashes be buried in Cambridge Cemetery in Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> This was not legally possible, but William's wife smuggled his ashes onboard a ship and sneaked them through customs, allowing her to bury him in their family plot.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sexuality">edit</a>]</div> James regularly rejected suggestions that he should marry, and after settling in London, proclaimed himself "a bachelor". <a href="/wiki/F._W._Dupee" title="F. W. Dupee">F. W. Dupee</a>, in several volumes on the James family, originated the theory that he had been in love with his cousin, Mary ("Minnie") Temple, but that a neurotic fear of sex kept him from admitting such affections: "James's invalidism ... was itself the symptom of some fear of or scruple against sexual love on his part." Dupee used an episode from James's memoir, A Small Boy and Others, recounting a dream of a Napoleonic image in the Louvre, to exemplify James's romanticism about Europe, a Napoleonic fantasy into which he fled.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dupee_1951-48">[48]</a> Between 1953 and 1972, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Edel" title="Leon Edel">Leon Edel</a> wrote a major five-volume biography of James, which used unpublished letters and documents after Edel gained the permission of James's family. Edel's portrayal of James included the suggestion he was celibate, a view first propounded by critic <a href="/wiki/Saul_Rosenzweig" title="Saul Rosenzweig">Saul Rosenzweig</a> in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 1996, Sheldon M. Novick published Henry James: The Young Master, followed by Henry James: The Mature Master (2007). The first book "caused something of an uproar in Jamesian circles"<a href="#cite_note-auto-50">[50]</a> as it challenged the previous received notion of celibacy, a once-familiar paradigm in biographies of homosexuals when direct evidence was nonexistent. Novick also criticised Edel for following the discounted Freudian interpretation of homosexuality "as a kind of failure."<a href="#cite_note-auto-50">[50]</a> The difference of opinion erupted in a series of exchanges between Edel (and later <a href="/wiki/Fred_Kaplan_(biographer)" title="Fred Kaplan (biographer)">Fred Kaplan</a> filling in for Edel) and Novick, which were published by the online magazine <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>, with Novick arguing that even the suggestion of celibacy went against James's own injunction "live!"—not "fantasize!"<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> A letter James wrote in old age to <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Walpole" title="Hugh Walpole">Hugh Walpole</a> has been cited as an explicit statement of this. Walpole confessed to him of indulging in "high jinks", and James wrote a reply endorsing it: "We must know, as much as possible, in our beautiful art, yours & mine, what we are talking about—& the only way to know it is to have lived & loved & cursed & floundered & enjoyed & suffered—I don't think I regret a single 'excess' of my responsive youth".<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The interpretation of James as living a less austere emotional life has been subsequently explored by other scholars.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The often intense politics of Jamesian scholarship has also been the subject of studies.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Author <a href="/wiki/Colm_T%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn" title="Colm Tóibín">Colm Tóibín</a> has said that <a href="/wiki/Eve_Kosofsky_Sedgwick" title="Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick">Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick</a>'s Epistemology of the Closet made a landmark difference to Jamesian scholarship by arguing that he be read as a homosexual writer whose desire to keep his sexuality a secret shaped his layered style and dramatic artistry. According to Tóibín, such a reading "removed James from the realm of <a href="/wiki/Dead_white_male" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead white male">dead white males</a> who wrote about posh people. He became our contemporary."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> James's letters to expatriate American sculptor <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Christian_Andersen" title="Hendrik Christian Andersen">Hendrik Christian Andersen</a> have attracted particular attention. James met the 27-year-old Andersen in Rome in 1899, when James was 56, and wrote letters to Andersen that are intensely emotional: "I hold you, dearest boy, in my innermost love, & count on your feeling me—in every throb of your soul". In a letter of 6 May 1904, to his brother William, James referred to himself as "always your hopelessly celibate even though sexagenarian Henry".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> How accurate that description might have been is the subject of contention among James's biographers,<a href="#cite_note-Edel_pp._306-316-58">[58]</a> but the letters to Andersen were occasionally quasierotic: "I put, my dear boy, my arm around you, & feel the pulsation, thereby, as it were, of our excellent future & your admirable endowment."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> His numerous letters to the many young <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_men" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual men">homosexual men</a> among his close male friends are more forthcoming. To his homosexual friend <a href="/wiki/Howard_Sturgis" title="Howard Sturgis">Howard Sturgis</a>, James could write: "I repeat, almost to indiscretion, that I could live with you. Meanwhile, I can only try to live without you."<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In another letter Sturgis, following a long visit, James refers jocularly to their "happy little congress of two".<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In letters to Hugh Walpole, he pursues convoluted jokes and puns about their relationship, referring to himself as an elephant who "paws you oh so benevolently" and winds about Walpole his "well-meaning old trunk".<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> His letters to <a href="/wiki/Walter_Van_Rensselaer_Berry" title="Walter Van Rensselaer Berry">Walter Berry</a> printed by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sun_Press" title="Black Sun Press">Black Sun Press</a> have long been celebrated for their lightly veiled eroticism.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> However, James corresponded in equally extravagant language with his many female friends, writing, for example, to fellow novelist <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Clifford" title="Lucy Clifford">Lucy Clifford</a>: "Dearest Lucy! What shall I say? when I love you so very, very much, and see you nine times for once that I see Others! Therefore I think that—if you want it made clear to the meanest intelligence—I love you more than I love Others."<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> To his New York friend <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cadwalader_Rawle_Jones" title="Mary Cadwalader Rawle Jones">Mary Cadwalader Rawle Jones</a>: "Dearest Mary Cadwalader. I yearn over you, but I yearn in vain; & your long silence really breaks my heart, mystifies, depresses, almost alarms me, to the point even of making me wonder if poor unconscious & doting old Célimare [Jones's pet name for James] has 'done' anything, in some dark somnambulism of the spirit, which has ... given you a bad moment, or a wrong impression, or a 'colourable pretext' ... However these things may be, he loves you as tenderly as ever; nothing, to the end of time, will ever detach him from you, & he remembers those Eleventh St. matutinal intimes hours, those telephonic matinées, as the most romantic of his life ..."<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> His long friendship with American novelist <a href="/wiki/Constance_Fenimore_Woolson" title="Constance Fenimore Woolson">Constance Fenimore Woolson</a>, in whose house he lived for a number of weeks in Italy in 1887, and his shock and grief over her suicide in 1894, are discussed in detail in Edel's biography and play a central role in a study by <a href="/wiki/Lyndall_Gordon" title="Lyndall Gordon">Lyndall Gordon</a>. Edel conjectured that Woolson was in love with James and killed herself in part because of his coldness, but Woolson's biographers have objected to Edel's account.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_bibliography" title="Henry James bibliography">Henry James bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style_and_themes">Style and themes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Style and themes">edit</a>]</div> James is one of the major figures of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transatlantic" class="extiw" title="wikt:transatlantic">trans-Atlantic</a> literature. His works frequently juxtapose characters from the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> (Europe), embodying a feudal civilisation that is beautiful, often corrupt, and alluring, and from the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> (United States), where people are often brash, open, and <a href="/wiki/Assertiveness" title="Assertiveness">assertive</a>, and embody the virtues of the new American society—particularly personal freedom and a more exacting moral character. James explores this <a href="/wiki/Clash_of_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Clash of personalities">clash of personalities</a> and cultures, in stories of personal relationships in which power is exercised well or badly. His protagonists were often young American women facing oppression or abuse, and as his secretary <a href="/wiki/Theodora_Bosanquet" title="Theodora Bosanquet">Theodora Bosanquet</a> remarked in her monograph Henry James at Work: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Henry James, charcoal drawing by <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a> (1912)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">When he walked out of the refuge of his study and into the world and looked around him, he saw a place of torment, where creatures of prey perpetually thrust their claws into the quivering flesh of doomed, defenseless children of light ... His novels are a repeated exposure of this wickedness, a reiterated and passionate plea for the fullest <a href="/wiki/Political_freedom" title="Political freedom">freedom</a> of development, unimperiled by reckless and barbarous stupidity.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Guedalla" title="Philip Guedalla">Philip Guedalla</a> jokingly described three phases in the development of James's prose: "James I, James II, and The Old Pretender,"<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> and observers do often group his works of fiction into three periods. In his apprentice years, culminating with the masterwork The Portrait of a Lady, his style was simple and direct (by the standards of Victorian magazine writing) and he experimented widely with forms and methods, generally narrating from a conventionally omniscient point of view. Plots generally concern romance, except for the three big novels of social commentary that conclude this period. In the second period, as noted above, he abandoned the serialised novel and from 1890 to about 1897, he wrote short stories and plays. Finally, in his third and last period he returned to the long, serialised novel. Beginning in the second period, but most noticeably in the third; he increasingly abandoned direct statement in favour of frequent double negatives, and complex descriptive imagery. Single paragraphs began to run for page after page, in which an initial noun would be succeeded by pronouns surrounded by clouds of adjectives and prepositional clauses, far from their original referents, and verbs would be deferred and then preceded by a series of adverbs. The overall effect could be a vivid evocation of a scene as perceived by a sensitive observer. It has been debated whether this change of style was engendered by James's shifting from writing to dictating to a typist,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> a change made during the composition of <a href="/wiki/What_Maisie_Knew" title="What Maisie Knew">What Maisie Knew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In its intense focus on the consciousness of his major characters, James's later work foreshadows extensive developments in 20th-century fiction.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[nb 1]</a> Indeed, he might have influenced stream-of-consciousness writers such as <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, who not only read some of his novels but also wrote essays about them.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Both contemporary and modern readers have found the late style difficult and unnecessary; his friend <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a>, who admired him greatly, said that some passages in his work were all but incomprehensible.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> James was harshly portrayed by <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> as a hippopotamus laboriously attempting to pick up a pea that had got into a corner of its cage.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> The "late James" style was ably parodied by <a href="/wiki/Max_Beerbohm" title="Max Beerbohm">Max Beerbohm</a> in "The Mote in the Middle Distance".<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> More important for his work overall may have been his position as an <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriate</a>, and in other ways an outsider, living in Europe. While he came from middle-class and provincial beginnings (seen from the perspective of European polite society), he worked very hard to gain access to all levels of society, and the settings of his fiction range from working-class to <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocratic</a>, and often describe the efforts of middle-class Americans to make their way in European capitals. He confessed he got some of his best story ideas from gossip at the dinner table or at country house weekends.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[nb 2]</a> He worked for a living, however, and lacked the experiences of select schools, university, and army service, the common bonds of masculine society. He was furthermore a man whose tastes and interests were, according to the prevailing standards of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> Anglo-American culture, rather feminine, and who was shadowed by the cloud of prejudice that then and later accompanied suspicions of his homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-Edel_1984_v.4_p._170-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[nb 3]</a> Edmund Wilson compared James's objectivity to Shakespeare's: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">One would be in a position to appreciate James better if one compared him with the dramatists of the seventeenth century—<a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Racine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, whom he resembles in form as well as in point of view, and even <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, when allowances are made for the most extreme differences in subject and form. These poets are not, like <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Hardy</a>, writers of melodrama—either humorous or pessimistic, nor secretaries of society like <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Balzac</a>, nor prophets like <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>: they are occupied simply with the presentation of conflicts of moral character, which they do not concern themselves about softening or averting. They do not indict society for these situations: they regard them as universal and inevitable. They do not even blame God for allowing them: they accept them as the conditions of life.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a></blockquote> Many of James's stories may also be seen as psychological thought experiments about selection. In his preface to the New York edition of The American, James describes the development of the story in his mind as exactly such: the "situation" of an American, "some robust but insidiously beguiled and betrayed, some cruelly wronged, compatriot..." with the focus of the story being on the response of this wronged man.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> The Portrait of a Lady may be an experiment to see what happens when an idealistic young woman suddenly becomes very rich. In many of his tales, characters seem to exemplify alternative futures and possibilities, as most markedly in "<a href="/wiki/The_Jolly_Corner" title="The Jolly Corner">The Jolly Corner</a>", in which the protagonist and a ghost-doppelganger live alternative American and European lives; and in others, like The Ambassadors, an older James seems fondly to regard his own younger self facing a crucial moment.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_novels">Major novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major novels">edit</a>]</div> The first period of James's fiction, usually considered to have culminated in <a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a>, concentrated on the contrast between Europe and America. The style of these novels is generally straightforward and, though personally characteristic, well within the norms of 19th-century fiction. <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Hudson" title="Roderick Hudson">Roderick Hudson</a> (1875) is a <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCnstlerroman" title="Künstlerroman">Künstlerroman</a> that traces the development of the title character, an extremely talented sculptor. Although the book shows some signs of immaturity—this was James's first serious attempt at a full-length novel—it has attracted favourable comment due to the vivid realisation of the three major characters: Roderick Hudson, superbly gifted but unstable and unreliable; Rowland Mallet, Roderick's limited but much more mature friend and patron; and Christina Light, one of James's most enchanting and maddening <a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">femmes fatales</a>. The pair of Hudson and Mallet has been seen as representing the two sides of James's own nature: the wildly imaginative artist and the brooding conscientious mentor.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> In The Portrait of a Lady (1881), James concluded the first phase of his career with a novel that remains his most popular piece of long fiction. The story is of a spirited young American woman, Isabel Archer, who "affronts her destiny" and finds it overwhelming. She inherits a large amount of money and subsequently becomes the victim of Machiavellian scheming by two American expatriates. The narrative is set mainly in Europe, especially in England and Italy. Generally regarded as the masterpiece of his early phase, The Portrait of a Lady is described as a <a href="/wiki/Psychological_fiction" title="Psychological fiction">psychological novel</a>, exploring the minds of his characters, and almost a work of social science, exploring the differences between Europeans and Americans, the old and the new worlds.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> The second period of James's career, which extends from the publication of <a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a> through the end of the 19th century, features less popular novels, including <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Casamassima" title="The Princess Casamassima">The Princess Casamassima</a>, published serially in The Atlantic Monthly in 1885–1886, and <a href="/wiki/The_Bostonians" title="The Bostonians">The Bostonians</a>, published serially in <a href="/wiki/The_Century_Magazine" title="The Century Magazine">The Century</a> during the same period. This period also featured James's celebrated Gothic novella, <a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a> (1898). The third period of James's career reached its most significant achievement in three novels published just around the start of the 20th century: <a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="The Wings of the Dove">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1902), <a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors" title="The Ambassadors">The Ambassadors</a> (1903), and <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bowl" title="The Golden Bowl">The Golden Bowl</a> (1904). Critic <a href="/wiki/F._O._Matthiessen" title="F. O. Matthiessen">F. O. Matthiessen</a> called this "trilogy" James's major phase, and these novels have certainly received intense critical study. The second-written of the books, The Wings of the Dove, was the first published because it was not serialised.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> This novel tells the story of Milly Theale, an American <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">heiress</a> stricken with a serious disease, and her impact on the people around her. Some of these people befriend Milly with honourable motives, while others are more self-interested. James stated in his autobiographical books that Milly was based on Minny Temple, his beloved cousin, who died at an early age of tuberculosis. He said that he attempted in the novel to wrap her memory in the "beauty and dignity of art".<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shorter_narratives">Shorter narratives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shorter narratives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamb_House,_Rye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lamb_House%2C_Rye.jpg/220px-Lamb_House%2C_Rye.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lamb_House%2C_Rye.jpg/330px-Lamb_House%2C_Rye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lamb_House%2C_Rye.jpg/440px-Lamb_House%2C_Rye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lamb_House" title="Lamb House">Lamb House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rye,_East_Sussex" title="Rye, East Sussex">Rye, East Sussex</a>, where James lived from 1897 to 1914</figcaption></figure> James was particularly interested in what he called the "beautiful and blest nouvelle", or the longer form of short narrative. Still, he produced a number of very short stories in which he achieved notable compression of sometimes complex subjects. The following narratives are representative of James's achievement in the shorter forms of fiction.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Tragedy_of_Error" title="A Tragedy of Error">A Tragedy of Error</a>" (1864), short story</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_a_Year" title="The Story of a Year">The Story of a Year</a>" (1865), short story</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="A Passionate Pilgrim">A Passionate Pilgrim</a> (1871), novella</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Mauves" title="Madame de Mauves">Madame de Mauves</a> (1874), novella</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Miller" title="Daisy Miller">Daisy Miller</a> (1878), novella</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers" title="The Aspern Papers">The Aspern Papers</a> (1888), novella</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lesson_of_the_Master" title="The Lesson of the Master">The Lesson of the Master</a> (1888), novella</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pupil_(short_story)" title="The Pupil (short story)">The Pupil</a> (1891), short story</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Figure_in_the_Carpet" title="The Figure in the Carpet">The Figure in the Carpet</a>" (1896), short story</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_in_the_Jungle" title="The Beast in the Jungle">The Beast in the Jungle</a> (1903), novella</li> <li>An International Episode (1878)</li> <li>Picture and Text</li> <li>Four Meetings (1885)</li> <li>A London Life, and Other Tales (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spoils_of_Poynton" title="The Spoils of Poynton">The Spoils of Poynton</a> (1896)</li> <li>Embarrassments (1896)</li> <li>The Two Magics: The Turn of the Screw, Covering End (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Cage" title="In the Cage">In the Cage</a> (1898), novella</li> <li>A Little Tour of France (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sacred_Fount" title="The Sacred Fount">The Sacred Fount</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Birthplace" title="The Birthplace">The Birthplace</a> (1903)</li> <li>Views and Reviews (1908)</li> <li>The Finer Grain (1910)</li> <li>The Outcry (1911)</li> <li>Lady Barbarina: The Siege of London, An International Episode and Other Tales (1922)</li> <li>Georgina's Reasons (1884), novella</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Plays">edit</a>]</div> At several points in his career, James wrote plays, beginning with one-act plays written for periodicals in 1869 and 1871<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> and a dramatisation of his popular novella Daisy Miller in 1882.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> From 1890 to 1892, having received a bequest that freed him from magazine publication, he made a strenuous effort to succeed on the London stage, writing a half-dozen plays, of which only one, a dramatisation of his novel The American, was produced. This play was performed for several years by a touring repertory company, and had a respectable run in London, but did not earn very much money for James. His other plays written at this time were not produced.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1893, however, he responded to a request from actor-manager George Alexander for a serious play for the opening of his renovated St. James's Theatre, and wrote a long drama, Guy Domville, which Alexander produced. A noisy uproar arose on the opening night, 5 January 1895, with hissing from the gallery when James took his bow after the final curtain, and the author was upset. The play received moderately good reviews and had a modest run of four weeks before being taken off to make way for <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a>, which Alexander thought would have better prospects for the coming season.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the stresses and disappointment of these efforts, James insisted that he would write no more for the theatre, but within weeks had agreed to write a <a href="/wiki/Curtain-raiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtain-raiser">curtain-raiser</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a>. This became the one-act "Summersoft", which he later rewrote into a short story, "Covering End", and then expanded into a full-length play, The High Bid, which had a brief run in London in 1907, when James made another concerted effort to write for the stage. He wrote three new plays, two of which were in production when the death of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> on 6 May 1910 plunged London into mourning and theatres closed. Discouraged by failing health and the stresses of theatrical work, James did not renew his efforts in the theatre, but recycled his plays as successful novels. <a href="/wiki/The_Outcry" title="The Outcry">The Outcry</a> was a best-seller in the United States when it was published in 1911. During 1890–1893, when he was most engaged with the theatre, James wrote a good deal of theatrical criticism, and assisted Elizabeth Robins and others in translating and producing Henrik Ibsen for the first time in London.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> Leon Edel argued in his psychoanalytic biography that James was traumatised by the opening-night uproar that greeted Guy Domville, and that it plunged him into a prolonged depression. The successful later novels, in Edel's view, were the result of a kind of self-analysis, expressed in fiction, which partly freed him from his fears. Other biographers and scholars have not accepted this account, with the more common view being that of F.O. Matthiessen, who wrote: "Instead of being crushed by the collapse of his hopes [for the theatre]... he felt a resurgence of new energy."<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonfiction">Nonfiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nonfiction">edit</a>]</div> Beyond his fiction, James was one of the more important literary critics in the history of the novel. In his classic essay <a href="/wiki/Partial_Portraits" title="Partial Portraits">The Art of Fiction</a> (1884), he argued against rigid prescriptions on the novelist's choice of subject and method of treatment. He maintained that the widest possible freedom in content and approach would help ensure narrative fiction's continued vitality. James wrote many critical articles on other novelists; typical is his book-length <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_(book)" title="Hawthorne (book)">study</a> of Nathaniel Hawthorne, which has been the subject of critical debate. Richard Brodhead has suggested that the study was emblematic of James's struggle with Hawthorne's influence, and constituted an effort to place the elder writer "at a disadvantage."<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Gordon Fraser, meanwhile, has suggested that the study was part of a more commercial effort by James to introduce himself to British readers as Hawthorne's natural successor.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> When James assembled the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Edition" title="New York Edition">New York Edition</a> of his fiction in his final years, he wrote a series of prefaces that subjected his own work to searching, occasionally harsh criticism.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HenryJames1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/HenryJames1897.jpg/170px-HenryJames1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/HenryJames1897.jpg/255px-HenryJames1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/HenryJames1897.jpg/340px-HenryJames1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of Henry James (1897)</figcaption></figure> At 22, James wrote The Noble School of Fiction for The Nation's first issue in 1865. He wrote, in all, over 200 essays and book, art, and theatre reviews for the magazine.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> For most of his life, James harboured ambitions for success as a playwright. He converted his novel The American into a play that enjoyed modest returns in the early 1890s. In all, he wrote about a dozen plays, most of which went unproduced. His costume drama Guy Domville failed disastrously on its opening night in 1895. James then largely abandoned his efforts to conquer the stage and returned to his fiction. In his <a href="/wiki/Notebooks_of_Henry_James" title="Notebooks of Henry James">Notebooks</a>, he maintained that his theatrical experiment benefited his novels and tales by helping him dramatise his characters' thoughts and emotions. James produced a small amount of theatrical criticism, including appreciations of Henrik Ibsen.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[nb 4]</a> With his wide-ranging artistic interests, James occasionally wrote on the visual arts. He wrote a favourable assessment of fellow expatriate <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a>, a painter whose critical status has improved markedly since the mid twentieth century. James also wrote sometimes charming, sometimes brooding articles about various places where he visited and lived. His books of travel writing include <a href="/wiki/Italian_Hours" title="Italian Hours">Italian Hours</a> (an example of the charming approach) and <a href="/wiki/The_American_Scene" title="The American Scene">The American Scene</a> (on the brooding side).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] James was one of the great letter-writers of any era. More than 10,000 of his personal letters are extant, and over 3,000 have been published in a large number of collections. A complete edition of James's letters began publication in 2006, edited by Pierre Walker and Greg Zacharias. As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit">[update]</a>, eight volumes have been published, covering from 1855 to 1880.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> James's correspondents included contemporaries such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a>, along with many others in his wide circle of friends and acquaintances. The content of the letters range from trivialities to serious discussions of artistic, social, and personal issues.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Very late in life, James began a series of autobiographical works: A Small Boy and Others, Notes of a Son and Brother, and the unfinished <a href="/wiki/The_Middle_Years_(autobiography)" title="The Middle Years (autobiography)">The Middle Years</a>. These books portray the development of a classic observer who was passionately interested in artistic creation but was somewhat reticent about participating fully in the life around him.<a href="#cite_note-Dupee_1951-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism,_biographies_and_fictional_treatments">Criticism, biographies and fictional treatments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Criticism, biographies and fictional treatments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LambHouseInterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/LambHouseInterior.jpg/170px-LambHouseInterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/LambHouseInterior.jpg/255px-LambHouseInterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/LambHouseInterior.jpg/340px-LambHouseInterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>Interior view of Lamb House, James's residence from 1897 until 1914 (1898)</figcaption></figure> James's work has remained steadily popular with the limited audience of educated readers to whom he spoke during his lifetime, and has remained firmly in the canon, but after his death, some American critics, such as <a href="/wiki/Van_Wyck_Brooks" title="Van Wyck Brooks">Van Wyck Brooks</a>, expressed hostility towards James for his long expatriation and eventual naturalisation as a British subject.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> Other critics such as <a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a> complained about what they saw as James's squeamishness in the treatment of sex and other possibly controversial material, or dismissed his late style as difficult and obscure, relying heavily on extremely long sentences and excessively <a href="/wiki/Latinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinate">latinate</a> language.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> 'Even in his lifetime,' explains scholar Hazel Hutchinson, 'James had a reputation as a difficult writer for clever readers.'<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a> criticised him for writing "fiction as if it were a painful duty".<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Parrington" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Parrington">Vernon Parrington</a>, composing a canon of American literature, condemned James for having cut himself off from America. <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> wrote about him, "Despite the scruples and delicate complexities of James, his work suffers from a major defect: the absence of life."<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> And <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, writing to <a href="/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey">Lytton Strachey</a>, asked, "Please tell me what you find in Henry James. ... we have his works here, and I read, and I can't find anything but faintly tinged rose water, urbane and sleek, but vulgar and pale as <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lamb_(classicist)" title="Walter Lamb (classicist)">Walter Lamb</a>. Is there really any sense in it?"<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> Novelist <a href="/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a> wrote, "He did not know the English as an Englishman instinctively knows them and so his English characters never to my mind quite ring true," and argued, "The great novelists, even in seclusion, have lived life passionately. Henry James was content to observe it from a window."<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> Maugham nevertheless wrote, "The fact remains that those last novels of his, notwithstanding their unreality, make all other novels, except the very best, unreadable."<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colm_T%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn" title="Colm Tóibín">Colm Tóibín</a> observed that James "never really wrote about the English very well. His English characters don't work for me."<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> Despite these criticisms, James is now valued for his psychological and moral realism, his masterful creation of character, his low-key but playful humour, and his assured command of the language. In his 1983 book, The Novels of Henry James, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wagenknecht" title="Edward Wagenknecht">Edward Wagenknecht</a> offers an assessment that echoes Theodora Bosanquet's: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"To be completely great," Henry James wrote in an early review, "a work of art must lift up the heart," and his own novels do this to an outstanding degree ... More than sixty years after his death, the great novelist who sometimes professed to have no opinions stands foursquare in the great Christian <a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">humanistic</a> and democratic tradition. The men and women who, at the height of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, raided the secondhand shops for his out-of-print books knew what they were about. For no writer ever raised a braver banner to which all who love freedom might adhere.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/William_Dean_Howells" title="William Dean Howells">William Dean Howells</a> saw James as a representative of a new realist school of literary art, which broke with the English romantic tradition epitomised by the works of Charles Dickens and William Thackeray. Howells wrote that realism found "its chief exemplar in Mr. James ... A novelist he is not, after the old fashion, or after any fashion but his own."<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/F._R._Leavis" title="F. R. Leavis">F. R. Leavis</a> championed Henry James as a novelist of "established pre-eminence" in <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Tradition" title="The Great Tradition">The Great Tradition</a> (1948), asserting that The Portrait of a Lady and The Bostonians were "the two most brilliant novels in the language."<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> James is now prized as a master of point of view who moved literary fiction forward by insisting in showing, not telling, his stories to the reader. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayals_in_fiction">Portrayals in fiction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Portrayals in fiction">edit</a>]</div> Henry James has been the subject of a number of novels and stories, including:<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boon_(novel)" title="Boon (novel)">Boon</a> by <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a></li> <li>Author, Author by <a href="/wiki/David_Lodge_(author)" title="David Lodge (author)">David Lodge</a></li> <li>Youth by <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_(novel)" title="The Master (novel)">The Master</a> by <a href="/wiki/Colm_T%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn" title="Colm Tóibín">Colm Tóibín</a></li> <li>Hotel de Dream by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_White" title="Edmund White">Edmund White</a></li> <li>Lions at Lamb House by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Yoder" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Yoder">Edwin M. Yoder</a></li> <li>Felony by <a href="/wiki/Emma_Tennant" title="Emma Tennant">Emma Tennant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictation:_A_Quartet" title="Dictation: A Quartet">Dictation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Ozick" title="Cynthia Ozick">Cynthia Ozick</a></li> <li>The James Boys by Richard Liebmann-Smith</li> <li>The Open Door by Elizabeth Maguire</li> <li>The Great Divide by Rex Hunter<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Nights!" title="Wild Nights!">The Master at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1914–1916</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a></li> <li>The Typewriter's Tale by Michael Heyns</li> <li>Henry James' Midnight Song by Carol de Chellis Hill</li> <li>The Fifth Heart by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Powers" title="Earthly Powers">Earthly Powers</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_(Vidal_novel)" title="Empire (Vidal novel)">Empire</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a></li> <li>The Maze at Windermere by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Blake_Smith" title="Gregory Blake Smith">Gregory Blake Smith</a></li> <li>Ringrose the Pirate by <a href="/wiki/Don_Nigro" title="Don Nigro">Don Nigro</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/David_Lodge_(author)" title="David Lodge (author)">David Lodge</a> also wrote a long essay about writing about Henry James in his collection The Year of Henry James: The Story of a Novel. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Adaptations">edit</a>]</div> Henry James's stories and novels have been adapted to film, television, and music video over 150 times (some TV shows did upwards of a dozen stories) from 1933 to 2018.<a href="#cite_note-imdb.com-116">[112]</a> The majority of these are in English, but with adaptations in French (13), Spanish (7), Italian (6), German (5), Portuguese (1), Yugoslavian (1), and Swedish (1).<a href="#cite_note-imdb.com-116">[112]</a> Those most frequently adapted include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a> (28 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers" title="The Aspern Papers">The Aspern Papers</a> (17 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(novel)" title="Washington Square (novel)">Washington Square</a> (8 times), as The Heiress (6 times), as Victoria (once)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="The Wings of the Dove">The Wings of the Dove</a> (9 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_in_the_Jungle" title="The Beast in the Jungle">The Beast in the Jungle</a> (5 times)<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bostonians" title="The Bostonians">The Bostonians</a> (4 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Miller" title="Daisy Miller">Daisy Miller</a> (4 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sense_of_the_Past" title="The Sense of the Past">The Sense of the Past</a> (4 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors" title="The Ambassadors">The Ambassadors</a> (3 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a> (3 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_(novel)" title="The American (novel)">The American</a> (3 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Maisie_Knew" title="What Maisie Knew">What Maisie Knew</a> (3 times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bowl" title="The Golden Bowl">The Golden Bowl</a> (2 times)</li> <li>The Marriages (twice)<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a></li> <li>The Ghostly Rental (once)<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> See James's prefaces, Horne's study of his revisions for The New York Edition, Edward Wagenknecht's The Novels of Henry James (1983) among many discussions of the changes in James's narrative technique and style over the course of his career. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> James's prefaces to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Edition" title="New York Edition">New York Edition</a> of his fiction often discuss such origins for his stories. See, for instance, the preface to <a href="/wiki/The_Spoils_of_Poynton" title="The Spoils of Poynton">The Spoils of Poynton</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> James himself noted his "outsider" status. In a letter of 2 October 1901, to W. Morton Fullerton, James talked of the "essential loneliness of my life" as "the deepest thing" about him.<a href="#cite_note-Edel_1984_v.4_p._170-79">[77]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> For a general discussion of James's efforts as a playwright, see Edel's referenced edition of his plays. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWolf1976" class="citation journal cs1">Wolf, Jack C. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44375939">"Henry James and Impressionist Painting"</a>. CEA Critic. 38 (3): 14–16. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44375939">44375939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CEA+Critic&rft.atitle=Henry+James+and+Impressionist+Painting&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44375939%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Jack+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44375939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4537">"Nomination Database"</a>. nobelprize.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170716115207/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4537">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Nomination+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow_people.php%3Fid%3D4537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loa.org/writers/223-henry-james">"Henry James – Library of America"</a>. loa.org. Retrieved 7 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loa.org&rft.atitle=Henry+James+%E2%80%93+Library+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loa.org%2Fwriters%2F223-henry-james&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.anglocelt.ie/2010/07/08/bailieborough-400-celebrations-continue-with-henry-james-events/">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Kaplan, Fred. Henry James: The Imagination of Genius, A Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeon_Edel1974" class="citation book cs1">Leon Edel (1974). Henry James Letters Vol. 1: 1843–1875. Belknap Press of Harvard University. pp. 3–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James+Letters+Vol.+1%3A+1843%E2%80%931875&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Leon+Edel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdel1953" class="citation book cs1">Edel, Leon (1953). Henry James: The Untried Years: 1843-1870. Avon Books. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+The+Untried+Years%3A+1843-1870&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Edel&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQ-AQAAIAAJ">Letters of William James, p. 3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdel1953" class="citation book cs1">Edel, Leon (1953). Henry James: The Untried Years: 1843-1870. 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Avon Books. p. 128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+The+Untried+Years%3A+1843-1870&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Edel&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labos.ulg.ac.be/cipa/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2015/07/18_campbell.pdf">"The Man Who Talked Like a Book, Wrote Like He Spoke"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228172702/http://labos.ulg.ac.be/cipa/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2015/07/18_campbell.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Talked+Like+a+Book%2C+Wrote+Like+He+Spoke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flabos.ulg.ac.be%2Fcipa%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F22%2F2015%2F07%2F18_campbell.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdel1953" class="citation book cs1">Edel, Leon (1953). 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Avon Books. pp. 169–170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+The+Untried+Years%3A+1843-1870&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E170&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Edel&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdel1953" class="citation book cs1">Edel, Leon (1953). Henry James: The Untried Years: 1843-1870. 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Avon Books. p. 213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+The+Untried+Years%3A+1843-1870&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Edel&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNovick1996">Novick (1996)</a>, p. 431 </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdel1953" class="citation book cs1">Edel, Leon (1953). Henry James: The Untried Years: 1843-1870. Avon Books. pp. 221–223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+The+Untried+Years%3A+1843-1870&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E221-%3C%2Fspan%3E223&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Edel&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdel1953" class="citation book cs1">Edel, Leon (1953). Henry James: The Untried Years: 1843-1870. Avon Books. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+The+Untried+Years%3A+1843-1870&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Edel&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvp|Powers|1970|p=16-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvp|Powers|1970|p=16_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvp|Powers|1970|p=16_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 14 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gamble_2008-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gamble_2008_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gamble_2008_27-1">b</a> Gamble, Cynthia J. (2008). John Ruskin, Henry James and the Shropshire Lads, London: New European Publications </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Gamble, Cynthia J. (2015). Wenlock Abbey 1857–1919: A Shropshire Country House and the Milnes Gaskell Family. London: Ellingham Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowell1975" class="citation book cs1">Cowell, Frank Richard (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cPW3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33&dq=%22%22Henry%2BJames%22%22">The Athenaeum: Club and Social Life in London, 1824–1974</a>. London: Heinemann. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-32010-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-32010-6"><bdi>0-435-32010-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Athenaeum%3A+Club+and+Social+Life+in+London%2C+1824%E2%80%931974&rft.place=London&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-435-32010-6&rft.aulast=Cowell&rft.aufirst=Frank+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcPW3AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA33%26dq%3D%2522%2522Henry%252BJames%2522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Humphry_Ward" title="Thomas Humphry Ward">Ward, Humphry</a> (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofathenum0000ward/page/277/mode/1up">History of the Athenaeum 1824–1925</a>. London. p. 277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Athenaeum+1824%E2%80%931925&rft.place=London&rft.pages=277&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Humphry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofathenum0000ward%2Fpage%2F277%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 15 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Gamble, Cynthia, 2015 Wenlock Abbey 1857–1919: A Shropshire Country House and the Milnes Gaskell Family, Ellingham Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-harvp|Powers|1970|p=17-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvp|Powers|1970|p=17_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvp|Powers|1970|p=17_33-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeon_Edel1975" class="citation book cs1">Leon Edel (1975). The Letters of Henry James Vol. 2: 1875–1883. The Belknap Press of Harvard University. pp. 376–377.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+Henry+James+Vol.+2%3A+1875%E2%80%931883&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E376-%3C%2Fspan%3E377&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Leon+Edel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Edel, 1975; p. 379 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Edel 1955, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 19 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Letter to <a href="/wiki/Grace_Norton" title="Grace Norton">Grace Norton</a>, 22 Septembre 1890. Quoted in E. Harden, A Henry James Chronology, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jkg9AQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA147">Port Tarascon</a>, Literary supplement to The Spectator, n°3266, 31 January 1891, p. 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowers1970">Powers (1970)</a>, p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-Woolson-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woolson_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolson_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeon_Edel1980" class="citation book cs1">Leon Edel (1980). Henry James Letters Vol. 3: 1883–1895. The Belknap Press of Harvard University. p. xvii–xviii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James+Letters+Vol.+3%3A+1883%E2%80%931895&rft.pages=xvii-xviii&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Leon+Edel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2002" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold, ed. (2002). Henry James. Bloom's major novelists. 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Somerset Maugham, The Vagrant Mood, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Maugham, op. cit., p209. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radioopensource.org/colm-toibin-the-living-spell-of-henry-james/">Colm Tóibín in conversation with Chris Lydon, in Cambridge, 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919020257/http://radioopensource.org/colm-toibin-the-living-spell-of-henry-james/">Archived</a> 19 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 7 December 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Wagenknecht (1983) pp. 261–262 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Lauter (2010) p. 364. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> F. R. Leavis, The Great Tradition (New York University Press, 1969), p. 155. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.loa.org/2010/09/henry-james-as-fictional-character.html">"Henry James as a fictional character"</a>. blog.loa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191154/http://blog.loa.org/2010/09/henry-james-as-fictional-character.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.loa.org&rft.atitle=Henry+James+as+a+fictional+character&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.loa.org%2F2010%2F09%2Fhenry-james-as-fictional-character.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralia" class="citation web cs1">Australia, Writing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305134308/http://writingaustralia.org.au/2013/02/writing-australia-unpublished-manuscript-award-2013-shortlist-announcement/">"Writing Australia Unpublished Manuscript Award 2013 – Shortlist Announcement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://writingaustralia.org.au/2013/02/writing-australia-unpublished-manuscript-award-2013-shortlist-announcement/">the original</a> on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Writing+Australia+Unpublished+Manuscript+Award+2013+%E2%80%93+Shortlist+Announcement&rft.aulast=Australia&rft.aufirst=Writing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwritingaustralia.org.au%2F2013%2F02%2Fwriting-australia-unpublished-manuscript-award-2013-shortlist-announcement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imdb.com-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imdb.com_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imdb.com_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0416556/">"Henry James"</a>. IMDb.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+James&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0416556%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.papodecinema.com.br/entrevistas/a-fera-na-selva-entrevista-exclusiva-com-paulo-betti/">"A Fera na Selva :: Entrevista exclusiva com Paulo Betti"</a>. Papo de Cinema (in Portuguese). 4 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Papo+de+Cinema&rft.atitle=A+Fera+na+Selva+%3A%3A+Entrevista+exclusiva+com+Paulo+Betti&rft.date=2017-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.papodecinema.com.br%2Fentrevistas%2Fa-fera-na-selva-entrevista-exclusiva-com-paulo-betti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOggiano2019" class="citation web cs1">Oggiano, Roberto (31 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cineuropa.org/en/interview/366663/">"Clara van Gool • Director of The Beast in the Jungle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cineuropa" title="Cineuropa">Cineuropa</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cineuropa&rft.atitle=Clara+van+Gool+%E2%80%A2+Director+of+The+Beast+in+the+Jungle&rft.date=2019-01-31&rft.aulast=Oggiano&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcineuropa.org%2Fen%2Finterview%2F366663%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodfellow2023" class="citation web cs1">Goodfellow, Melanie (18 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/video/the-beast-in-the-jungle-clip-berlinale-anais-demoustier-tom-mercier-amp-beatrice-dalle-patric-chiha/">"'The Beast in the Jungle' Clip: Berlinale Henry James Adaptation Stars Anaïs Demoustier, Tom Mercier & Béatrice Dalle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122182026/https://deadline.com/video/the-beast-in-the-jungle-clip-berlinale-anais-demoustier-tom-mercier-amp-beatrice-dalle-patric-chiha/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=%27The+Beast+in+the+Jungle%27+Clip%3A+Berlinale+Henry+James+Adaptation+Stars+Ana%C3%AFs+Demoustier%2C+Tom+Mercier+%26+B%C3%A9atrice+Dalle&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft.aulast=Goodfellow&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2Fvideo%2Fthe-beast-in-the-jungle-clip-berlinale-anais-demoustier-tom-mercier-amp-beatrice-dalle-patric-chiha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoos2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Roos, Gautier (25 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chaosreign.fr/interview-bertrand-bonello-coma-nocturama-la-bete-grand-entretien-fleuve-de-hiver-2021/5/">"[INTERVIEW BERTRAND BONELLO] Le grand entretien chaos"</a> [[INTERVIEW BERTRAND BONELLO] The Great Chaos Interview]. Chaos Reign (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chaos+Reign&rft.atitle=%5BINTERVIEW+BERTRAND+BONELLO%5D+Le+grand+entretien+chaos&rft.date=2021-12-25&rft.aulast=Roos&rft.aufirst=Gautier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaosreign.fr%2Finterview-bertrand-bonello-coma-nocturama-la-bete-grand-entretien-fleuve-de-hiver-2021%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGennis2020" class="citation web cs1">Gennis, Sadie (10 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvguide.com/news/the-haunting-of-bly-manor-references-henry-james-explained/">"The Haunting of Bly Manor's Henry James References, Explained"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Guide&rft.atitle=The+Haunting+of+Bly+Manor%27s+Henry+James+References%2C+Explained&rft.date=2020-10-10&rft.aulast=Gennis&rft.aufirst=Sadie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-haunting-of-bly-manor-references-henry-james-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Tele Follow-Up Comment". Variety. 25 January 1950. p. 62. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1286075338">1286075338</a>. <q>Producer Fred Coe last Sunday night (22) turned to a grim theme in Henry James' 'The Marriages' and with one of the most neatly cast groups of actors yet, did a fine job on it. Adaptation by H. R. Hays, combined with the telling direction of Delbert Mann, fully captured the mood of the James story, dealing with a neurotic daughter and weak-willed son messing up the life of their widowed father. Margaret Phillips as the daughter and Henry Daniell as the father topped the standout cast, with Miss Phillips particularly good. Cheter Stratton gave a good reading as the son and Carol Goodner was fine as the American widow.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Tele+Follow-Up+Comment&rft.pages=62&rft.date=1950-01-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Balch, Jack (February 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Televiser/Televiser-1950-02.pdf#page=22">"Flipping Titles"</a>. Televiser. p. 20. Retrieved 19 July 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tv.apple.com/us/episode/adela/umc.cmc.68sj4s8vixx84z5sjx5t4qlpi">"Adela - Affairs Of The Heart (Season 1, Episode 5) - Apple TV"</a>. Apple TV. 26 October 1974. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+TV&rft.atitle=Adela+-+Affairs+Of+The+Heart+%28Season+1%2C+Episode+5%29+-+Apple+TV&rft.date=1974-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftv.apple.com%2Fus%2Fepisode%2Fadela%2Fumc.cmc.68sj4s8vixx84z5sjx5t4qlpi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Brendan1999" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Brendan (30 August 1999). "film Reviews: Henry James' 'The Ghostly Rental'". Variety. p. 62. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1401421623">1401421623</a>. <q>Roger Corman takes on Henry James and the results are just about what one might expect. [It] is indeed a B-movie spin on upscale Victorian Gothic, but it's not quite the campy fun it could've been. There's a decent yarn lurking in here somewhere, though it's smothered by remarkably bad acting, much too dark lensing and leaden pacing. Lacking the requisite thrills 'n' spills to please the action crowd, this bloody ghost story will be a marginal video item at best.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=film+Reviews%3A+Henry+James%27+%27The+Ghostly+Rental%27&rft.pages=62&rft.date=1999-08-30&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> (2009) [2001]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iKiWPr8YU9EC&pg=PA12">Henry James</a>. <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>, originally published by Chelsea House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1601-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1601-3">978-1-4381-1601-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> and Esther Zemborain de Torres (1971). An Introduction to American Literature. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.</li> <li>Theodora Bosanquet (1982). Henry James at Work. Haskell House Publishers Inc. pp. 275–276. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8383-0009-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8383-0009-X">0-8383-0009-X</a></li> <li>John R. Bradley, ed. (1999). Henry James and Homo-Erotic Desire. Palgrave Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-21764-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-21764-1">0-312-21764-1</a></li> <li>John R. Bradley (2000). I Henry James on Stage and Screen Palgrave Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-79214-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-79214-9">0-333-79214-9</a></li> <li>John R. Bradley (2000). Henry James's Permanent Adolescence. Palgrave Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-91874-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-91874-6">0-333-91874-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wyck_Brooks" title="Van Wyck Brooks">Van Wyck Brooks</a> (1925). The Pilgrimage of Henry James</li> <li>Gabriel Brownstein (2004). "Introduction," in James, Henry. Portrait of a Lady, Barnes & Noble Classics series, Spark Educational Publishing.</li> <li>Lewis Dabney, ed. (1983). The Portable <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Wilson" title="Edmund Wilson">Edmund Wilson</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-015098-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-015098-6">0-14-015098-6</a></li> <li>Marysa Demoor and Monty Chisholm, editors (1999). Bravest of Women and Finest of Friends: Henry James's Letters to Lucy Clifford, University of Victoria (1999), p. 79 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-920604-67-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-920604-67-6">0-920604-67-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F.W._Dupee" class="mw-redirect" title="F.W. Dupee">F.W. Dupee</a> (1951). Henry James William Sloane Associates, The American Men of Letters Series.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Edel" title="Leon Edel">Leon Edel</a>, ed. (1955). The Selected Letters of Henry James New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Vol. 1</li> <li>Leon Edel, ed. (1983). Henry James Letters.</li> <li>Leon Edel, ed. (1990). The Complete Plays of Henry James. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504379-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504379-0">0-19-504379-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.M._Forster" class="mw-redirect" title="E.M. Forster">E.M. Forster</a> (1956). Aspects of the Novel <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-38780-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-38780-5">0-674-38780-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunter2000" class="citation book cs1">Gunter, Susan (2000). Dear Munificent Friends: Henry James's Letters to Four Women. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-11010-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-11010-1"><bdi>0-472-11010-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dear+Munificent+Friends%3A+Henry+James%27s+Letters+to+Four+Women&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-472-11010-1&rft.aulast=Gunter&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunterJobe2001" class="citation book cs1">Gunter, Susan E.; Jobe, Steven H. (2001). Dearly Beloved Friends: Henry James's Letters to Younger Men. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-11009-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-11009-8"><bdi>0-472-11009-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dearly+Beloved+Friends%3A+Henry+James%27s+Letters+to+Younger+Men&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-472-11009-8&rft.aulast=Gunter&rft.aufirst=Susan+E.&rft.au=Jobe%2C+Steven+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katrina_vanden_Heuvel" title="Katrina vanden Heuvel">Katrina vanden Heuvel</a> (1990). The Nation 1865–1990, <a href="/wiki/Thunder%27s_Mouth_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunder's Mouth Press">Thunder's Mouth Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-001-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56025-001-1">1-56025-001-1</a></li> <li>James Kraft (1969). The early tales of Henry James. Southern Illinois University Press.</li> <li>Paul Lauter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HGSf-VpoGIsC&pg=PA364">A companion to American literature and culture</a>. Chichester; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 364. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-20892-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-20892-5">0-631-20892-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Lubbock" title="Percy Lubbock">Percy Lubbock</a>, ed. (1920). The Letters of Henry James, vol. 1. New York: Scribner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._O._Matthiessen" title="F. O. Matthiessen">F. O. Matthiessen</a> and Kenneth Murdock, editors (1981) The Notebooks of Henry James. University of Chicago Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-51104-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-51104-9">0-226-51104-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovick1996" class="citation book cs1">Novick, Sheldon M (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryjamesyoungm00novi">Henry James: The Young Master</a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-58655-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-58655-7"><bdi>0-394-58655-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+The+Young+Master&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-394-58655-7&rft.aulast=Novick&rft.aufirst=Sheldon+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryjamesyoungm00novi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sheldon M. Novick (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryjamesmature00novi">Henry James: The Mature Master</a>. Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-45023-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-45023-8">978-0-679-45023-8</a>.</li> <li>Ross Posnock (1987). "James, Browning, and the Theatrical Self," in Neuman, Mark and Payne, Michael. Self, sign, and symbol. Bucknell University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowers1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lyall_Powers" title="Lyall Powers">Powers, Lyall H</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryjamesintrod0000powe">Henry James: An Introduction and Interpretation</a>. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0030789557" title="Special:BookSources/978-0030789557"><bdi>978-0030789557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+James%3A+An+Introduction+and+Interpretation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0030789557&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Lyall+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryjamesintrod0000powe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+James" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignas_Skrupskelis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignas Skrupskelis (page does not exist)">Ignas Skrupskelis</a> [<a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignas_Skrupskelis" class="extiw" title="lt:Ignas Skrupskelis">lt</a>] and Elizabeth Berkeley, editors (1994). The Correspondence of William James: Volume 3, William and Henry. 1897–1910. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Wade" title="Allan Wade">Allan Wade</a>, ed. (1948). Henry James: The Scenic Art, Notes on Acting and the Drama 1872–1901.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wagenknecht" title="Edward Wagenknecht">Edward Wagenknecht</a> (1983). The Novels of Henry James.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a> (1925) The Writing of Fiction.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pn9OzR4AYdsC&pg=PA40">A Writer's Diary: Being Extracts from the Diary of Virginia Woolf</a>. Harcourt. pp. 33, 39–40, 58, 86, 215, 301, 351. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-602791-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-602791-5">978-0-15-602791-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, Boon. (1915) The Mind of the Race, The Wild Asses of the Devil, and The Last Trump. London: T. Fisher Unwin p. 101.</li> <li>Rosella Mamoli Zorzi, ed. (2004). Beloved Boy: Letters to Hendrik C. Andersen, 1899–1915. University of Virginia Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8139-2270-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8139-2270-4">0-8139-2270-4</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: General">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A Bibliography of Henry James: Third Edition by Leon Edel, Dan Laurence and James Rambeau (1982). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58456-005-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-58456-005-3">1-58456-005-3</a></li> <li>A Henry James Encyclopedia by Robert L. Gale (1989). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-25846-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-25846-5">0-313-25846-5</a></li> <li>A Henry James Chronology by Edgar F. Harden (2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1403942293" title="Special:BookSources/1403942293">1403942293</a></li> <li>The Daily Henry James: A Year of Quotes from the Work of the Master. Edited by Michael Gorra (2016). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-40854-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-40854-5">978-0-226-40854-5</a></li> <li>Henry James A Bibliographical Catalogue of Editions to 1921, 2nd Edition Revised, By David J. Supino, Liverpool U. Press 2014</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autobiography">Autobiography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Autobiography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A Small Boy and Others: A Critical Edition edited by Peter Collister (2011). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813930820" title="Special:BookSources/0813930820">0813930820</a></li> <li>Notes of a Son and Brother and The Middle Years: A Critical Edition edited by Peter Collister (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813930847" title="Special:BookSources/0813930847">0813930847</a></li> <li>Autobiographies edited by Philip Horne (2016). Contains A Small Boy and Others, Notes of a Son and Brother, The Middle Years, other autobiographical writings, and Henry James at Work, by Theodora Bosanquet. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1598534719" title="Special:BookSources/978-1598534719">978-1598534719</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>An Annotated Critical Bibliography of Henry James by <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Bradbury" title="Nicola Bradbury">Nicola Bradbury</a> (Harvester Press, 1987). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0710810304" title="Special:BookSources/978-0710810304">978-0710810304</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biography">Biography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Henry James: The Untried Years 1843–1870 by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Edel" title="Leon Edel">Leon Edel</a> (1953)</li> <li>Henry James: The Conquest of London 1870–1881 by Leon Edel (1962) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-39651-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-39651-3">0-380-39651-3</a></li> <li>Henry James: The Middle Years 1882–1895 by Leon Edel (1962) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-39669-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-39669-6">0-380-39669-6</a></li> <li>Henry James: The Treacherous Years 1895–1901 by Leon Edel (1969) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-39677-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-39677-7">0-380-39677-7</a></li> <li>Henry James: The Master 1901–1916 by Leon Edel (1972) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-39677-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-39677-7">0-380-39677-7</a></li> <li>Henry James: A Life by Leon Edel (1985) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060154594" title="Special:BookSources/0060154594">0060154594</a>. One-volume abridgment of Edel's five-volume biography, listed above.</li> <li>Henry James: The Young Master by Sheldon M. Novick (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812978838" title="Special:BookSources/0812978838">0812978838</a></li> <li>Henry James: The Mature Master by Sheldon M. Novick (2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0679450238" title="Special:BookSources/0679450238">0679450238</a></li> <li>Henry James: The Imagination of Genius by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Kaplan_(biographer)" title="Fred Kaplan (biographer)">Fred Kaplan</a> (1992) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-688-09021-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-688-09021-4">0-688-09021-4</a></li> <li>A Private Life of Henry James: Two Women and His Art by <a href="/wiki/Lyndall_Gordon" title="Lyndall Gordon">Lyndall Gordon</a> (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04711-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04711-3">0-393-04711-3</a>. Revised edition titled Henry James: His Women and His Art (2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84408-892-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84408-892-8">978-1-84408-892-8</a>.</li> <li>The Three Jameses: A Family of Minds: Henry James. Sr., William James, Henry James by Clinton Hartley Grattan (1932)</li> <li>The James Family: A Group Biography by <a href="/wiki/F._O._Matthiessen" title="F. O. Matthiessen">F. O. Matthiessen</a> (1947) (0394742435) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0679450238" title="Special:BookSources/0679450238">0679450238</a></li> <li>The Jameses: A Family Narrative by <a href="/wiki/R._W._B._Lewis" title="R. W. B. Lewis">R. W. B. Lewis</a> (1991) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0374178615" title="Special:BookSources/0374178615">0374178615</a></li> <li>House of Wits: An Intimate Portrait of the James Family by Paul Fisher (2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1616793376" title="Special:BookSources/1616793376">1616793376</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters">Letters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Letters">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Theatre and Friendship by Elizabeth Robins. London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.</li> <li>Henry James: Letters edited by Leon Edel (four vols. 1974–1984)</li> <li>Henry James: A Life in Letters edited by Philip Horne (1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-88563-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-88563-0">0-670-88563-0</a></li> <li>The Complete Letters of Henry James,1855–1872 edited by Pierre A. Walker and Greg Zacharias (two vols., University of Nebraska Press, 2006)</li> <li>The Complete Letters of Henry James, 1872–1876 edited by Pierre A. Walker and Greg W. Zacharias (three vols., University of Nebraska Press, 2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editions">Editions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Editions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Complete Stories 1864–1874 (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Strouse" title="Jean Strouse">Jean Strouse</a>, ed, Library of America, 1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-70-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-70-3">978-1-883011-70-3</a></li> <li>Complete Stories 1874–1884 (William Vance, ed, Library of America, 1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-63-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-63-5">978-1-883011-63-5</a></li> <li>Complete Stories 1884–1891 (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a>, ed, Library of America, 1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-64-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-64-2">978-1-883011-64-2</a></li> <li>Complete Stories 1892–1898 (<a href="/wiki/John_Hollander" title="John Hollander">John Hollander</a>, David Bromwich, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Donoghue_(academic)" title="Denis Donoghue (academic)">Denis Donoghue</a>, eds, Library of America, 1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-09-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-09-3">978-1-883011-09-3</a></li> <li>Complete Stories 1898–1910 (John Hollander, David Bromwich, Denis Donoghue, eds, Library of America, 1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-10-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883011-10-9">978-1-883011-10-9</a></li> <li> Novels 1871–1880: Watch and Ward, Roderick Hudson, The American, The Europeans, Confidence (William T. Stafford, ed., <a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, 1983) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-13-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-13-4">978-0-940450-13-4</a></li> <li>Novels 1881–1886: Washington Square, The Portrait of a Lady, The Bostonians (William T. Stafford, ed, Library of America, 1985) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-30-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-30-1">978-0-940450-30-1</a></li> <li>Novels 1886–1890: The Princess Casamassima, The Reverberator, The Tragic Muse (Daniel Mark Fogel, ed, Library of America, 1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-56-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-56-1">978-0-940450-56-1</a></li> <li>Novels 1896–1899: The Other House, The Spoils of Poynton, What Maisie Knew, The Awkward Age (Myra Jehlen, ed, Library of America, 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931082-30-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931082-30-3">978-1-931082-30-3</a></li> <li>Novels 1901–1902: The Sacred Fount, The Wings of the Dove (<a href="/wiki/Leo_Bersani" title="Leo Bersani">Leo Bersani</a>, ed, Library of America, 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931082-88-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931082-88-4">978-1-931082-88-4</a></li> <li>Collected Travel Writings, Great Britain and America: English Hours; The American Scene; Other Travels edited by Richard Howard (Library of America, 1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-76-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-76-9">978-0-940450-76-9</a></li> <li>Collected Travel Writings, The Continent: A Little Tour in France, Italian Hours, Other Travels edited by Richard Howard (Library of America, 1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940450-77-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-940450-77-1">0-940450-77-1</a></li> <li>Literary Criticism Volume One: Essays on Literature, American Writers, English Writers edited by Leon Edel and Mark Wilson (Library of America, 1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-22-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-22-6">978-0-940450-22-6</a></li> <li>Literary Criticism Volume Two: French Writers, Other European Writers, The Prefaces to the New York Edition edited by Leon Edel and Mark Wilson (Library of America, 1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-23-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-23-3">978-0-940450-23-3</a></li> <li>The Complete Notebooks of Henry James edited by Leon Edel and Lyall Powers (1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-503782-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-503782-0">0-19-503782-0</a></li> <li>The Complete Plays of Henry James edited by Leon Edel (1991) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195043790" title="Special:BookSources/0195043790">0195043790</a></li> <li>Henry James: Autobiography edited by F.W. Dupee (1956)</li> <li>The American: an Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Criticism edited by James Tuttleton (1978) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-09091-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-09091-4">0-393-09091-4</a></li> <li>The Ambassadors: An Authoritative Text, The Author on the Novel, Criticism edited by S.P. Rosenbaum (1994) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-96314-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-96314-4">0-393-96314-4</a></li> <li>The Turn of the Screw: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism edited by Deborah Esch and Jonathan Warren (1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-95904-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-95904-X">0-393-95904-X</a></li> <li>The Portrait of a Lady: An Authoritative Text, Henry James and the Novel, Reviews and Criticism edited by Robert Bamberg (2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-96646-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-96646-1">0-393-96646-1</a></li> <li>The Wings of the Dove: Authoritative Text, The Author and the Novel, Criticism edited by J. Donald Crowley and Richard Hocks (2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97881-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97881-8">0-393-97881-8</a></li> <li>Tales of Henry James: The Texts of the Tales, the Author on His Craft, Criticism edited by Christof Wegelin and Henry Wonham (2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97710-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97710-2">0-393-97710-2</a></li> <li>The Portable Henry James, New Edition edited by John Auchard (2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-243767-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-243767-0">0-14-243767-0</a></li> <li>Henry James on Culture: Collected Essays on Politics and the American Social Scene edited by Pierre Walker (1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-2589-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-2589-X">0-8032-2589-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Novels of Henry James by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Cargill" title="Oscar Cargill">Oscar Cargill</a> (1961)</li> <li>Henry James: the later novels by <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Bradbury" title="Nicola Bradbury">Nicola Bradbury</a> (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979)</li> <li>The Tales of Henry James by Edward Wagenknecht (1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8044-2957-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8044-2957-X">0-8044-2957-X</a></li> <li>Modern Critical Views: Henry James edited by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> (1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87754-696-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87754-696-7">0-87754-696-7</a></li> <li>Henry James. The Contingencies of Style by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cross" title="Mary Cross">Mary Cross</a> (1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57426-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57426-5">0-333-57426-5</a></li> <li>A Companion to Henry James Studies edited by Daniel Mark Fogel (1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-25792-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-25792-2">0-313-25792-2</a></li> <li>Henry James's Europe: Heritage and Transfer edited by Dennis Tredy, Annick Duperray and Adrian Harding (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906924-36-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906924-36-2">978-1-906924-36-2</a></li> <li>Echec et écriture. Essai sur les nouvelles de Henry James by Annick Duperray (1992)</li> <li>Henry James: A Collection of Critical Essays edited by <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Yeazell" title="Ruth Yeazell">Ruth Yeazell</a> (1994) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-380973-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-380973-0">0-13-380973-0</a></li> <li>The Cambridge Companion to Henry James edited by Jonathan Freedman (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-49924-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-49924-0">0-521-49924-0</a></li> <li>The Novel Art: Elevations of American Fiction after Henry James by <a href="/wiki/Mark_McGurl" title="Mark McGurl">Mark McGurl</a> (2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-08899-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-08899-3">0-691-08899-3</a></li> <li>Henry James and the Visual by Kendall Johnson (2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-88066-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-88066-1">0-521-88066-1</a></li> <li>False Positions: The Representational Logics of Henry James's Fiction. by <a href="/wiki/Julie_Rivkin" title="Julie Rivkin">Julie Rivkin</a>. (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2617-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2617-5">0-8047-2617-5</a></li> <li>'Henry James's Critique of the Beautiful Life,' by R.R. Reno in <a href="/wiki/Azure_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azure (journal)">Azure</a>, Spring 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://azure.org.il/article.php?id=537">[3]</a></li> <li>Approaches to Teaching Henry James's Daisy Miller and The Turn of the Screw edited by Kimberly C. Reed and Peter G. Beidler (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87352-921-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87352-921-9">0-87352-921-9</a></li> <li>Henry James and Modern Moral Life by <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Pippin" title="Robert B. Pippin">Robert B. Pippin</a> (1999) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-65230-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-65230-8">0-521-65230-8</a></li> <li>"Friction with the Market": Henry James and the Profession of Authorship by Michael Anesko (1986) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504034-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504034-1">0-19-504034-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Henry James at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henry_James" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Henry James">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Henry_James" class="extiw" title="q:Henry James">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Henry_James" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Henry James">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170509" class="extiw" title="d:Q170509">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Henry James <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Henry+James">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Henry+James&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/1825">Henry James Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Beinecke_Rare_Book_%26_Manuscript_Library" title="Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library">Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00687">Henry James Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4078943">Henry James Letters</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.newpaltz.edu/~hathawar/">The Henry James Scholar's Guide to Web Sites</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040829095638/http://www.henryjames.org.uk/">The Ladder – a Henry James Web Site</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mantex.co.uk/category/tutorials/19c-authors/henry-james/">Henry James Archive – Mantex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0416556/">Henry James</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_editions">Electronic editions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Electronic editions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/henry-james">Works by Henry James in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/113">Works by Henry James</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=James%2C%20Henry">Works by Henry James</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22James%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Henry%20James%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22James%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Henry%20James%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Henry%20James%22%20OR%20description%3A%22James%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Henry%20James%22%29%20OR%20%28%221843-1916%22%20AND%20James%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Henry James</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/117">Works by Henry James</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 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href="/wiki/Template:Henry_James" title="Template:Henry James"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henry_James" title="Template talk:Henry James"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henry_James" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henry James"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henry_James207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry James</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Henry_James_bibliography" title="Henry James bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watch_and_Ward" title="Watch and Ward">Watch and Ward</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Hudson" title="Roderick Hudson">Roderick Hudson</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_(novel)" title="The American (novel)">The American</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Europeans" title="The Europeans">The Europeans</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_(novel)" title="Confidence (novel)">Confidence</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(novel)" title="Washington Square (novel)">Washington Square</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bostonians" title="The Bostonians">The Bostonians</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Casamassima" title="The Princess Casamassima">The Princess Casamassima</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reverberator" title="The Reverberator">The Reverberator</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragic_Muse" title="The Tragic Muse">The Tragic Muse</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_House" title="The Other House">The Other House</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spoils_of_Poynton" title="The Spoils of Poynton">The Spoils of Poynton</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Maisie_Knew" title="What Maisie Knew">What Maisie Knew</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Awkward_Age" title="The Awkward Age">The Awkward Age</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sacred_Fount" title="The Sacred Fount">The Sacred Fount</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="The Wings of the Dove">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors" title="The Ambassadors">The Ambassadors</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bowl" title="The Golden Bowl">The Golden Bowl</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Outcry" title="The Outcry">The Outcry</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ivory_Tower" title="The Ivory Tower">The Ivory Tower</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sense_of_the_Past" title="The Sense of the Past">The Sense of the Past</a> (1917)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novellas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Mauves" title="Madame de Mauves">Madame de Mauves</a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Miller" title="Daisy Miller">Daisy Miller</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers" title="The Aspern Papers">The Aspern Papers</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_in_the_Jungle" title="The Beast in the Jungle">The Beast in the Jungle</a> (1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatricals" title="Theatricals">Theatricals</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatricals:_Second_Series" title="Theatricals: Second Series">Theatricals: Second Series</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Domville" title="Guy Domville">Guy Domville</a> (1895)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Poets_and_Novelists" title="French Poets and Novelists">French Poets and Novelists</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_(book)" title="Hawthorne (book)">Hawthorne</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Tour_in_France" title="A Little Tour in France">A Little Tour in France</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial_Portraits" title="Partial Portraits">Partial Portraits</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essays_in_London_and_Elsewhere" title="Essays in London and Elsewhere">Essays in London and Elsewhere</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_and_Text" title="Picture and Text">Picture and Text</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wetmore_Story_and_His_Friends" title="William Wetmore Story and His Friends">William Wetmore Story and His Friends</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Hours" title="English Hours">English Hours</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Scene" title="The American Scene">The American Scene</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Hours" title="Italian Hours">Italian Hours</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Small_Boy_and_Others" title="A Small Boy and Others">A Small Boy and Others</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Novelists" title="Notes on Novelists">Notes on Novelists</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_of_a_Son_and_Brother" title="Notes of a Son and Brother">Notes of a Son and Brother</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebooks_of_Henry_James" title="Notebooks of Henry James">Notebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Middle_Years_(autobiography)" title="The Middle Years (autobiography)">The Middle Years</a> (1917)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Sr." title="Henry James Sr.">Henry James Sr. (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_James" title="Alice James">Alice James (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_House" title="Lamb House">Lamb House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Edition" title="New York Edition">New York Edition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Henry_James" title="Category:Henry James">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Henry_James&#039;s_The_Turn_of_the_Screw67" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="Template:The Turn of the Screw"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="Template talk:The Turn of the Screw"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Turn of the Screw"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henry_James&#039;s_The_Turn_of_the_Screw67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry James</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw">The Turn of the Screw</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Innocents_(play)" title="The Innocents (play)">The Innocents</a> (1950 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw_(play)" title="The Turn of the Screw (play)">The Turn of the Screw</a> (1996 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw_(opera)" title="The Turn of the Screw (opera)">The Turn of the Screw</a> (1954 opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Innocents_(1961_film)" title="The Innocents (1961 film)">The Innocents</a> (1961) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Nightcomers" title="The Nightcomers">The Nightcomers</a> (1971, prequel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presence_of_Mind" title="Presence of Mind">Presence of Mind</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_a_Dark_Place" title="In a Dark Place">In a Dark Place</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_(2020_film)" title="The Turning (2020 film)"> The Turning</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw_(1974_film)" title="The Turn of the Screw (1974 film)">The Turn of the Screw</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Helen_Walker" title="The Haunting of Helen Walker">The Haunting of Helen Walker</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw_(1999_film)" title="The Turn of the Screw (1999 film)">The Turn of the Screw</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw_(2009_film)" title="The Turn of the Screw (2009 film)">The Turn of the Screw</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Bly_Manor" title="The Haunting of Bly Manor">The Haunting of Bly Manor</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Henry_James&#039;s_Washington_Square_(1880)96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington_Square" title="Template:Washington Square"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Washington_Square" title="Template talk:Washington Square"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Washington_Square" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Washington Square"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henry_James&#039;s_Washington_Square_(1880)96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry James</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(novel)" title="Washington Square (novel)">Washington Square</a> (1880)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Heiress" title="The Heiress">The Heiress</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(1972_film)" title="Victoria (1972 film)">Victoria</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(film)" title="Washington Square (film)">Washington Square</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Heiress_(1947_play)" title="The Heiress (1947 play)">The Heiress</a> (play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Henry_James&#039;s_The_Wings_of_the_Dove_(1907)70" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="Template:The Wings of the Dove"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="Template talk:The Wings of the Dove"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Wings of the Dove"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henry_James&#039;s_The_Wings_of_the_Dove_(1907)70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry James</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove" title="The Wings of the Dove">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1907)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove_(1981_film)" title="The Wings of the Dove (1981 film)">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove_(1997_film)" title="The Wings of the Dove (1997 film)">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove_(Playhouse_90)" title="The Wings of the Dove (Playhouse 90)">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1959 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove_(opera)" title="The Wings of the Dove (opera)">The Wings of the Dove</a> (1961 opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4752" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170509#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4752" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170509#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121280310">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36920030">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9388158915910950000003">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/28686/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHtPt9YrPTPqfdqkYQMP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118556835">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78091982">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908544s">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908544s">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00444491">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV000435">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35241795">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990003963&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1719699">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/38405">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068403410">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90056919">Norway</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98028824">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000004027&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000007457&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000035444">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=67174">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000034441">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199613702">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz127v53zz5m80">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810566615905606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/93393">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007263236005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512928006706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14124548">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00197277?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500280063">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/62813218-eee7-48dc-a436-50996ec0a9eb">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118556835">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/878675">Trove</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1448204">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118556835.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118556835">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026934612">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581881">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6765dm0">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&oldid=1275946534">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_James&oldid=1275946534</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Henry_James" title="Category:Henry James">Henry James</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1843_births" title="Category:1843 births">1843 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1916_deaths" title="Category:1916 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