CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b8b62744-ef11-4cf4-a8e5-4fd1f72cde11","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church","wgTitle":"List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church","wgCurRevisionId":1275230380,"wgRevisionId":1275230380,"wgArticleId":1690503,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","CS1 maint: url-status","Articles with short description", "Short description is different from Wikidata","Dynamic lists","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2020","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012","Articles to be expanded from September 2022","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from December 2022","Commons category link is on Wikidata","People excommunicated by the Catholic Church","Lists of Roman Catholics"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church","wgRelevantArticleId":1690503,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q834929","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church rootpage-List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-1st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 1st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2nd_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2nd_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 2nd century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2nd_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3rd_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3rd_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 3rd century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3rd_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 4th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 5th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-6th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#6th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 6th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-6th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 7th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 8th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 9th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 10th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 11th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 12th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-13th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 13th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-13th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 14th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 15th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 16th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 17th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 18th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 22 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 23 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 24 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" > 4 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Excomulgados_por_la_Iglesia_cat%C3%B3lica" title="Anexo:Excomulgados por la Iglesia católica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Excomulgados por la Iglesia católica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_d%27excommuni%C3%A9s_par_l%27%C3%89glise_catholique" title="Liste d'excommuniés par l'Église catholique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste d'excommuniés par l'Église catholique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_orang_yang_diekskomunikasi_oleh_Gereja_Katolik" title="Daftar orang yang diekskomunikasi oleh Gereja Katolik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar orang yang diekskomunikasi oleh Gereja Katolik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_katolikus_egyh%C3%A1z_%C3%A1ltal_kik%C3%B6z%C3%B6s%C3%ADtettek_list%C3%A1ja" title="A katolikus egyház által kiközösítettek listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A katolikus egyház által kiközösítettek listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q834929#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&oldid=1275230380" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&id=1275230380&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_excommunicated_by_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q834929" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Scale_of_justice,_canon_law.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scale of justice"><img alt="Scale of justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/100px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="182" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Canon law of the Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law of the Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ius vigens (current law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_tuendam_fidem" title="Ad tuendam fidem">Ad tuendam fidem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_corde_Ecclesiae" title="Ex corde Ecclesiae">Ex corde Ecclesiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_Doctrina" title="Indulgentiarum Doctrina">Indulgentiarum Doctrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Praedicate evangelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritatis_gaudium" title="Veritatis gaudium">Veritatis gaudium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li>Documents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christus_Dominus" title="Christus Dominus">Christus Dominus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_gentium" title="Lumen gentium">Lumen gentium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optatam_Totius" title="Optatam Totius">Optatam totius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium ecclesiarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis" title="Presbyterorum Ordinis">Presbyterorum ordinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precepts_of_the_Church" title="Precepts of the Church">Precepts of the Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Jus_antiquum" title="Jus antiquum">Jus antiquum</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 33-1140)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Church Orders">Ancient Church Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">The Apostolic Constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons of the Apostles">Canons of the Apostles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_of_ancient_canons" title="Collections of ancient canons">Collections of ancient canons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectiones_canonum_Dionysianae" title="Collectiones canonum Dionysianae">Collectiones canonum Dionysianae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_quadripartita" title="Collectio canonum quadripartita">Collectio canonum quadripartita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Quesnelliana" title="Collectio canonum Quesnelliana">Collectio canonum Quesnelliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Wigorniensis" title="Collectio canonum Wigorniensis">Collectio canonum Wigorniensis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasian_Decree" title="Gelasian Decree">Gelasian Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmachian_forgeries" title="Symmachian forgeries">Symmachian forgeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Isidorian_Decretals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals">Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Lay investiture controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_ecclesiae" title="Libertas ecclesiae">Libertas ecclesiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenitudo_potestatis" title="Plenitudo potestatis">Plenitudo potestatis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Jus novum (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1140-1563)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Canonici" title="Corpus Juris Canonici">Corpus Juris Canonici</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretist" title="Decretist">Decretist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Episcopi" title="Canon Episcopi">Canon Episcopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaritae" title="Margaritae">Margaritae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jus_commune" title="Jus commune">Jus commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretals of Gregory IX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretalist" title="Decretalist">Decretalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regul%C3%A6_Juris#Catholic_canonical_use" title="Regulæ Juris">Regulæ Juris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extravagantes" title="Extravagantes">Extravagantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Septimus" title="Liber Septimus">Liber Septimus</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Jus novissimum (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1563-1918)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_Deus_(Pius_IV)" title="Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)">Benedictus Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_Sedis_moderationi" title="Apostolicae Sedis moderationi">Apostolicae Sedis moderationi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Jus codicis (1918-present)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 Code of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiae_Sanctae" title="Ecclesiae Sanctae">Ecclesiae Sanctae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contractum_trinius" title="Contractum trinius">Contractum trinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_judge-delegate" title="Papal judge-delegate">Papal judge-delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Option" title="Right of Option">Right of option</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">Eastern law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_canonical_reforms_of_Pius_XII" title="Eastern canonical reforms of Pius XII">Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomocanon" title="Nomocanon">Nomocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Exarch">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <dl><dt>Latin Church</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">Mysterii Paschalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicam_sacram" title="Musicam sacram">Musicam sacram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripturarum_thesaurus" title="Scripturarum thesaurus">Scripturarum thesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgiam_authenticam" title="Liturgiam authenticam">Liturgiam authenticam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacramental law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Communicatio in sacris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">Ex opere operato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments in the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_of_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Defect of birth">Defect of birth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Nullity of Sacred Ordination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimissorial_letters" title="Dimissorial letters">Dimissorial letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator#Catholic_Church" title="Consecrator">Episcopal consecrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Approbation (Catholic canon law)">Approbation (Catholic canon law)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Confession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_canons" title="Penitential canons">Penitential canons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paenitentiale_Theodori" title="Paenitentiale Theodori">Paenitentiale Theodori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church">Seal of the Confessional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_and_external_forum_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal and external forum (Catholic canon law)">Internal and external forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Note_on_the_importance_of_the_internal_forum_and_the_inviolability_of_the_Sacramental_Seal" title="Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal">Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_penitentiary" title="Canon penitentiary">Canon penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_Poenitentiae" title="Sacramentum Poenitentiae">Sacramentum Poenitentiae</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebret" title="Celebret">Celebret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Sacramental#Catholic" title="Sacramental">Sacramentals</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Indulgence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_doctrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgentiarum doctrina">Indulgentiarum doctrina</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sacred places</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar in the Catholic Church">Altars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)#Catholic_Church" title="Oratory (worship)">Oratory</a> (chapel)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Sacred times</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Fast days and abstinence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paenitemini" title="Paenitemini">Paenitemini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimonial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Canonical form (Latin Church) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Temere" title="Ne Temere">Ne Temere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Declaration of Nullity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetitum" title="Vetitum">Vetitum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediments to Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Affinity (Catholic canon law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Clandestinity (Catholic canon law)">Clandestinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_of_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Impediment of crime">Impediment of crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparity_of_cult" title="Disparity of cult">Disparity of cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligamen" title="Ligamen">Ligamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_propriety" title="Public propriety">Public propriety</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_dispensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimonial dispensation">Matrimonial dispensation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratum_sed_non_consummatum" title="Ratum sed non consummatum">Ratum sed non consummatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validation_of_marriage" title="Validation of marriage">Sanatio in radice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_marriage" title="Natural marriage">Natural marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_privilege" title="Pauline privilege">Pauline privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_privilege" title="Petrine privilege">Petrine privilege</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supreme authority, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">particular churches</a>, and canonical structures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <dl><dt>Supreme authority of the Church</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Conference of bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>Churches <a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui juris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local particular churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Abbacy nullius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese (Roman Catholic)">Diocese/Archdiocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeque_principaliter" title="Aeque principaliter">Aeque principaliter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_persona_episcopi" title="In persona episcopi">In persona episcopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Diocesan Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the Curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_chancery#Catholic_dioceses" title="Diocesan chancery">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_forane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar forane">Vicar forane</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)#Patriarchal_curia" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Eparchal curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_sui_iuris" title="Mission sui iuris">Mission sui juris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Anglicanorum Coetibus</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic persons</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">Parish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Team_of_priests_in_solidum" title="Team of priests in solidum">Team of priests in solidum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">Collegiate church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeism" title="Trusteeism">Lay trusteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Pontifical council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_membership_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of membership of Opus Dei">Types of membership of Opus Dei</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Association of the Christian faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquennial_visit_ad_limina" title="Quinquennial visit ad limina">Quinquennial visit ad limina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law">Jurisprudence</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_coronation" title="Canonical coronation">Canonical coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonically_crowned_images" title="List of canonically crowned images">Canonically crowned images</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computation_of_time_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Computation of time (Catholic canon law)">Computation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegata_potestas_non_potest_delegari" title="Delegata potestas non potest delegari">Delegata potestas non potest delegari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">Derogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Dispensation (Catholic canon law)">Dispensation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxa_Innocentiana" title="Taxa Innocentiana">Taxa Innocentiana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Donation (Catholic canon law)">Donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Interpretation (Catholic canon law)">Interpretation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Legislative_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts">Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obreption_and_subreption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Obreption and subreption (Catholic canon law)">Obreption & subreption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrogation" title="Obrogation">Obrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">Promulgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Resignation of the Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">Sede vacante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simony#Catholic_Church" title="Simony">Simony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacatio_legis" title="Vacatio legis">Vacatio legis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_visitation" title="Canonical visitation">Visitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Determinatio" title="Determinatio">Determinatio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Temporal goods (property)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benefice#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Benefice">Benefice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Contract (Catholic canon law)">Contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altarage" title="Altarage">Stole fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporalities" title="Temporalities">Temporalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of persons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Person (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_act_of_defection_from_the_Catholic_Church" title="Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church">Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Canonical age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_emancipation" title="Ecclesiastical emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Exemption (Catholic canon law)">Exemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Heresy in the Catholic Church">Heresy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Clerics</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">Secular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_clergy" title="Regular clergy">Regular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Clerics and public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incardination_and_excardination" title="Incardination and excardination">Incardination and excardination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (dispensation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Canonical faculties</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Office</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_provision" title="Canonical provision">Canonical provision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_election" title="Canonical election">Canonical election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic and physical persons</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jus_patronatus" title="Jus patronatus">Jus patronatus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Canonical documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctae_Sedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Sanctae Sedis">Acta Sanctae Sedis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Censor librorum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Imprimatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprimi_potest" title="Imprimi potest">Imprimi potest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Notary (Catholic canon law)">Notary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretal" title="Decretal">Decretal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">Motu proprio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(canon_law)#Catholic_Church" title="Ordinance (canon law)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_brief" title="Papal brief">Papal brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential" title="Penitential">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_positive_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical positive law">Positive law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_rescripts" title="Papal rescripts">Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Penal law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1324" title="Canon 1324">Canon 1324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1397_%C2%A72" title="Canon 1397 §2">Canon 1397 §2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Censure (Catholic canon law)">Censure (Catholic canon law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_delictis_gravioribus" title="De delictis gravioribus">De delictis gravioribus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimen_sollicitationis" title="Crimen sollicitationis">Crimen sollicitationis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">Excommunication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church">List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (penal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latae_sententiae_and_ferendae_sententiae" title="Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae">Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_prayer_and_penance" title="Life of prayer and penance">Lifetime of prayer and penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_admonitions" title="Canonical admonitions">Canonical admonitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_prison" title="Ecclesiastical prison">Ecclesiastical prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Procedural law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <dl><dt>Pars statica (tribunals & ministers/parties)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical court">Tribunals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Tribunal of the Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ministers of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial Vicar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Procurator (Catholic canon law)">Procurator</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Pars dynamica (trial procedure)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a> (matrimonial causes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_as_from_an_abuse" title="Appeal as from an abuse">Appeal as from an abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Presumption (Catholic canon law)">Presumption</a></li> <li>Penal procedure <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vos_estis_lux_mundi" title="Vos estis lux mundi">Vos estis lux mundi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Canonization#Catholic_Church" title="Canonization">Canonization</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiorem_hac_dilectionem" title="Maiorem hac dilectionem">Maiorem hac dilectionem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Advocatus Diaboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblatio_vitae" title="Oblatio vitae">Oblatio vitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positio" title="Positio">Positio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification_and_canonization_process_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatification and canonization process in 1914">Beatification and canonization process in 1914</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Election of the Roman Pontiff</dt></dl> <ul><li>Current law <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Papal renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Historical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cum_proxime" title="Cum proxime">Cum proxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jus_exclusivae" title="Jus exclusivae">Jus exclusivae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_appointment" title="Papal appointment">Papal appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeterni_Patris_Filius" title="Aeterni Patris Filius">Aeterni Patris Filius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingravescentem_aetatem" title="Ingravescentem aetatem">Ingravescentem aetatem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubi_periculum" title="Ubi periculum">Ubi periculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quia_propter" title="Quia propter">Quia propter</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legal practice and scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canon_law_legal_abbreviations_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of canon law legal abbreviations (Catholic canon law)">List of legal abbreviations</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Academic degrees</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Canon_Law" title="Licentiate of Canon Law">Licentiate of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Canon Law">Doctor of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws" title="Doctor of both laws">Doctor of both laws</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Journals and Professional Societies</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Law_Society_of_America" title="Canon Law Society of America">Canon Law Society of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jurist_(journal)" title="The Jurist (journal)">The Jurist</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Faculties of canon law</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Canon Law">School of Canon Law</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Canonists</dt></dl> <ul><li>Medieval <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Segusio" title="Henry of Segusio">Hostiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lemoine" title="Jean Lemoine">Jean Lemoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_(decretist)" title="Rufinus (decretist)">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke" title="Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke">Johannes Teutonicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Trani" title="Geoffrey of Trani">Geoffrey of Trani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Worms" title="Burchard of Worms">Burchard of Worms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocard_(law)" title="Brocard (law)">Brocard</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Modern & Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Corecco" title="Eugenio Corecco">Eugenio Corecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Faris" title="John D. Faris">John D. Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Orsy" title="Ladislas Orsy">Ladislas Orsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclaustration" title="Exclaustration">Exclaustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_Conscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestation of Conscience">Manifestation of Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_erection_of_a_house_of_religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical erection of a house of religious">Canonical erection of a house of religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_right" title="Pontifical right">Pontifical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_diocesan_right" title="Congregation of diocesan right">Diocesan right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Institute of consecrated life</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Roman_Catholicism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicant orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerics regular">Clerics regular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cum_Sanctissimus" title="Cum Sanctissimus">Cum Sanctissimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo_Feliciter" title="Primo Feliciter">Primo Feliciter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provida_Mater_Ecclesia" title="Provida Mater Ecclesia">Provida Mater Ecclesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_laudis" title="Decretum laudis">Decretum laudis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template talk:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> This is a list of some of the more notable people <a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">excommunicated</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. It includes only excommunications acknowledged or imposed by a decree of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> in communion with him. <a href="/wiki/Latae_sententiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Latae sententiae">Latae sententiae</a> excommunications, those that automatically affect classes of people (members of certain associations or those who perform actions such as directly violating the seal of confession<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> or carrying out an abortion),<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> are not listed unless confirmed by a bishop or <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical tribunal">ecclesiastical tribunal</a> with respect to certain individuals. In <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Roman Catholic canon law</a>, excommunication is a <a href="/wiki/Censure_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Censure (Catholic canon law)">censure</a> and thus a "medicinal penalty" intended to invite the person to change behavior or attitude that incurred the penalty, repent, and return to <a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">full communion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Excommunication severs one from communion with the Church; excommunicated Catholics are forbidden from receiving any <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacrament</a> and refused a Catholic burial, but are still bound by canonical obligations such as attending <a href="/wiki/Mass_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass (Catholic)">Mass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fasting_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasting (Catholic)">fasting</a> seasonally. Excommunicated Catholics, however, are barred from receiving the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> or from taking an active part in the liturgy (reading, bringing the offerings, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, with 5 separate excommunications from 3 different Popes, carries the distinction of publicly being the most excommunicated individual. In this list below there are two popes (Honorius and Leo I) and five saints (Leo I, Athanasius, Columba, Joan of Arc, Mary Mackillop) who were issued an excommunication by a church authority. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1st_century">1st century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1st century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a>, for whom <a href="/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">simony</a> was named</li> <li>An unnamed <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinthian</a> who had married a woman who had been his father's wife<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymenaeus_(Ephesian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenaeus (Ephesian)">Hymenaeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Ephesian)" title="Alexander (Ephesian)">Alexander</a>, excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_the_Apostle" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul the Apostle">Saint Paul the Apostle</a> as recounted in <a href="/wiki/1_Timothy" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Timothy">1 Timothy</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2nd_century">2nd century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2nd century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valentinus_(Gnostic)" title="Valentinus (Gnostic)">Valentinus</a>, proponent of <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope" title="Marcion of Sinope">Marcion of Sinope</a>, originator of <a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a>, excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pope Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanus" title="Montanus">Montanus</a>, originator of Montanism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodotus_of_Byzantium" title="Theodotus of Byzantium">Theodotus of Byzantium</a>, proponent of <a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a>, excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Pope Victor I</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="3rd_century">3rd century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 3rd century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabellius" title="Sabellius">Sabellius</a>, originator of <a href="/wiki/Sabellianism" title="Sabellianism">Sabellianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Novatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipope Novatian">Novatian</a>, an early antipope who taught <a href="/wiki/Novatianism" title="Novatianism">Novatianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Samosata" title="Paul of Samosata">Paul of Samosata</a>, excommunicated by a synod at Antioch in 269</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_of_Ancyra" title="Marcellus of Ancyra">Marcellus of Ancyra</a></li> <li>Felicissimus, deacon of Carthage, was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">St Cyprian</a>, bishop of Carthage. Cyprian was in hiding at the time from persecution and he sent people to distribute alms to those hurt by the persecutions. Felicissimus tried to frustrate the efforts of those distributing alms as he saw it as an encroachment on his office.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="4th_century">4th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 4th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthonis_van_Dyck_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Anthonis_van_Dyck_005.jpg/220px-Anthonis_van_Dyck_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Anthonis_van_Dyck_005.jpg/330px-Anthonis_van_Dyck_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Anthonis_van_Dyck_005.jpg/440px-Anthonis_van_Dyck_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Ambrose_barring_Theodosius_from_Milan_Cathedral" title="Saint Ambrose barring Theodosius from Milan Cathedral">Saint Ambrose barring Theodosius from Milan Cathedral</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> painted in 1619 by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery, London</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a>, Cyrenaic presbyter after whom <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> is named</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestius" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestius">Celestius</a>, Early <a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagian</a> Leader</li> <li>Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> was excommunicated by the bishop of Milan, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ambrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ambrose">Saint Ambrose</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre of Thessaloniki">Massacre of Thessaloniki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Attwater-10">[10]</a> After repentance, penance and restitution, the Emperor was restored to communion with the Church.<a href="#cite_note-Theodoret-11">[11]</a></li> <li>Supporters of <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Ursicinus" title="Antipope Ursicinus">Antipope Ursicinus</a> were excommunicated by a Roman synod after they accused Pope <a href="/wiki/Damasus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Damasus I">Damasus I</a> of adultery in a Roman court in 378.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxentius_of_Milan" title="Auxentius of Milan">Auxentius of Milan</a>, an Arian bishop, was excommunicated by the Roman synod of 369.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Athanasius" class="mw-redirect" title="St Athanasius">St Athanasius</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Liberius" title="Pope Liberius">Pope Liberius</a> allegedly for refusing to attend a synod. Athanasius believed the Pope was acting under duress (the Pope had been exiled from Rome) and refused to accept the validity of the excommunication <a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li>some Egyptian monks by <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Theophilus I of Alexandria">Theophilus I of Alexandria</a>. These monks went to Constantinople, where their presence resulted in accusations made against <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="5th_century">5th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 5th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a>, proponent of <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutyches" title="Eutyches">Eutyches</a>, proponent of <a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a>, along with his monastery, was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Flavian_of_Constantinople" title="Flavian of Constantinople">Flavian of Constantinople</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus I of Alexandria</a>, who presided over the <a href="/wiki/Robber_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Robber Council">robber council of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Antioch" title="John I of Antioch">John of Antioch</a> and his party by the Council of Ephesus[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Fuller" title="Peter the Fuller">Peter the Tanner</a>, Patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Pope Felix III</a> at a synod in Rome for heresy <a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mongus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Mongus">Peter Mongus</a>, Patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Pope Felix III</a><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacius_of_Constantinople" title="Acacius of Constantinople">Acacius, Patriarch of Constantinople</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Pope Felix III</a> on account of his receiving the excommunicated Peter Mongus into communion. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Acacian_schism" title="Acacian schism">Acacian schism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-18">[18]</a></li> <li>Papal legates that were sent by Pope Felix III to Constantinople were excommunicated by Pope Felix III. They were sent to call Acacius to explain his conduct and urge the Byzantine Emperor to depose Peter Mongus from his see. After being imprisoned and threatened after arriving at Constantinople, they caved in and held communion with heretics, which led to the Pope excommunicating them.<a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-18">[18]</a></li> <li>Monks in Constantinople were excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a>, Archbishop of Constantinople, on account of their opposition to Nestorius's teachings. This took place before Nestorius himself was excommunicated by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a>. The monks appealed to the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a> to help them against Nestorius, who later summoned the Council of Ephesus.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibas_of_Edessa" title="Ibas of Edessa">Ibas of Edessa</a> was excommunicated by the <a href="/wiki/Robber_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Robber Council of Ephesus">Robber Council of Ephesus</a> in 449. This council and its decisions were themselves overturned two years later at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Cyrrhus" title="Cyrrhus">Cyrrhus</a>, was excommunicated by the <a href="/wiki/Robber_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Robber Council of Ephesus">Robber Council of Ephesus</a>. This council and its decisions were themselves overturned two years later at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus</a>, Patriarch of Alexandria and ten bishops. Pope Leo would later excommunicate Dioscorus and all others who participated in the <a href="/wiki/Robber_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Robber Council of Ephesus">Robber Council of Ephesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classicianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classicianus (page does not exist)">Classicianus</a> a Roman official was excommunicated along with his entire household by a bishop named Auxilius after he had entered a church to seize several perjurers. Classicianus wrote afterwards to <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> to intercede for him with Auxilius. Augustine then wrote to Auxilius on Classicianus's behalf.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="6th_century">6th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 6th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macliau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macliau (page does not exist)">Macliau</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macliau" class="extiw" title="fr:Macliau">fr</a>], bishop of <a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> was excommunicated after he abandoned his episcopacy and religious vows to become Count of Vannes in 560 <a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charibert_I" title="Charibert I">Charibert I</a> by <a href="/wiki/Germain_of_Paris" title="Germain of Paris">Germain of Paris</a> for immorality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="St Columba">St Columba</a> was excommunicated in 562 by the synod of <a href="/wiki/Teltown" title="Teltown">Teltown</a> for allegedly praying for the winning side in an Irish War. The excommunication was later held to be an abuse of justice and the bishops in question removed their charge.<a href="#cite_note-Iona_1995-25">[25]</a></li> <li>The sons of Conall mac Domnaill by St Columba some time in the late 6th century, due to their persecution of churches <a href="#cite_note-Iona_1995-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Mopsuestia" title="Theodore of Mopsuestia">Theodore of Mopsuestia</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leudaste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leudaste (page does not exist)">Leudaste</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leudaste" class="extiw" title="fr:Leudaste">fr</a>], count of <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>, by a synod of bishops in 581 on account of creating scandals and false accusations he made against <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a></li> <li>a man named Pelagius was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> in the late 6th century after the former had beaten and robbed some of Gregory's men. Gregory later allowed him back into communion after he and others made oaths.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceJ-26">[26]</a></li> <li>Eulalius, future <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Auvergne" title="List of rulers of Auvergne">Count of Auvergne</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Cautinus" title="Cautinus">Cautinus</a> bishop of Clermont as a young man as a result of suspicion of murdering his mother. He protested his innocence and Cautinus agreed to allow him to return to communion.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceJ-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basina,_daughter_of_Chilperic_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Basina, daughter of Chilperic I">Basina, daughter of Chilperic I</a>, her cousin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrodield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrodield (page does not exist)">Chrodield</a>, daughter of Charibert I, and their party were excommunicated by a synod of bishops who condemned them for a violent monastic rebellion at <a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Abbey_(Poitiers)" title="Holy Cross Abbey (Poitiers)">the monastery of the Holy Cross in Poitiers</a> in 589<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceJ-26">[26]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="7th_century">7th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 7th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Constantinople" title="Pyrrhus of Constantinople">Pyrrhus of Constantinople</a> was excommunicated 648 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodore_I" title="Pope Theodore I">Pope Theodore I</a> and a synod of bishops after he had gone back on his recantation of <a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">monothelitism</a>. The Pope and the bishops also declared him deposed from being Patriarch of Constantinople. Theodore reportedly signed the excommunication upon St Peter's tomb using ink that was mingled with drops of the Blessed Sacrament.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paul II of Constantinople">Paul II of Constantinople</a> was excommunicated and deposed from his see in 649 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodore_I" title="Pope Theodore I">Pope Theodore I</a> after the patriarch had professed <a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_I" title="Pope Honorius I">Pope Honorius I</a> was posthumously named as excommunicated by the <a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Pope Leo II</a> in a 682 letter to the Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a><a href="#cite_note-Andrew_J._Ekonomou_2007-30">[30]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philoponus" title="John Philoponus">John Philoponus</a> was posthumously named excommunicated by the <a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a>. He was condemned by the council as being a 'tritheist' <a href="#cite_note-Andrew_J._Ekonomou_2007-30">[30]</a></li> <li>an unnamed noble was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Cedd" title="Cedd">Cedd</a>, bishop of London on account of an unlawful marriage he was in <a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> According to Bede, this noble was one of the assassins of <a href="/wiki/Sigeberht_the_Good" title="Sigeberht the Good">Sigeberht the Good</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="8th_century">8th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 8th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The charismatic mystic preachers <a href="/wiki/Aldebert" title="Aldebert">Aldebert</a> and Clement by a German council headed by <a href="/wiki/St_Boniface" class="mw-redirect" title="St Boniface">St Boniface</a> in 745. Clement's excommunication was subsequently upheld by Rome, while Aldebert's was not.</li> <li>The second council of Nicaea excommunicated a number of people by name who had lived in previous times, some of whom had been already condemned previously, including: <a href="/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a> and all who follow him, <a href="/wiki/Macedonius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius I of Constantinople">Macedonius I of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a> and those who followed him, <a href="/wiki/Eutyches" title="Eutyches">Eutyches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severus_of_Antioch" title="Severus of Antioch">Severus of Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Fuller" title="Peter the Fuller">Peter the Fuller</a> along with those with them, <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didymus_the_blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Didymus the blind">Didymus the blind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Ponticus" title="Evagrius Ponticus">Evagrius Ponticus</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius I of Constantinople">Sergius I of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Constantinople" title="Pyrrhus of Constantinople">Pyrrhus of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_I" title="Pope Honorius I">Pope Honorius I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_of_Alexandria" title="Cyrus of Alexandria">Cyrus of Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macarius_I_of_Antioch" title="Macarius I of Antioch">Macarius I of Antioch</a> along with their followers</li> <li>A diaconissa named Epiphania was excommunicated by a synod held in Rome in 721 that dealt with the issue of illicit conjugal relations <a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="9th_century">9th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 9th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The fourth Council of Constantinople excommunicated by name and upheld a number of previous excommunications of previous councils of a number of people who had died in previous centuries. Those names in this list were: <a href="/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a> (all those who followed his teachings were excommunicated with him), <a href="/wiki/Macedonius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius I of Constantinople">Macedonius I of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eutyches" title="Eutyches">Eutyches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severus_of_Antioch" title="Severus of Antioch">Severus of Antioch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Fuller" title="Peter the Fuller">Peter the Fuller</a>, Zoharas the Syrian, <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Mopsuestia" title="Theodore of Mopsuestia">Theodore of Mopsuestia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didymus_the_Blind" title="Didymus the Blind">Didymus the Blind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Ponticus" title="Evagrius Ponticus">Evagrius Ponticus</a>, Theodere of Pharan, <a href="/wiki/Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius I of Constantinople">Sergius I of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Constantinople" title="Pyrrhus of Constantinople">Pyrrhus of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Constantinople" title="Peter of Constantinople">Peter of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paul II of Constantinople">Paul II of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_I" title="Pope Honorius I">Pope Honorius I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_of_Alexandria" title="Cyrus of Alexandria">Cyrus of Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macarius_I_of_Antioch" title="Macarius I of Antioch">Macarius I of Antioch</a> and his disciple Stephen, <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_of_Constantinople" title="Anastasius of Constantinople">Anastasius of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine II of Constantinople">Constantine II of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicetas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas I of Constantinople">Nicetas I of Constantinople</a>, Theodosius III of Ephesus, Sisinnius Pastilas, Basil Tricacabus, <a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a>, Anthony and John (priests of Constantinople) and Theodore Krithinos. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I of Constantinople</a> was also named as excommunicated by the council.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_VIII_(archbishop_of_Ravenna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John VIII (archbishop of Ravenna) (page does not exist)">John VIII, archbishop of Ravenna</a>, was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> for various crimes, including the forging of documents to support claims against the Roman See, making unjust demands on suffragan bishops for money, illegally imprisoning priests and maltreating papal legates. He later submitted to the Pope at the Roman synod in 861. But he was then subsequently excommunicated a second time after he entered into a pact with the excommunicated Archbishops of Trier and Cologne. He then submitted again to the Pope after this second excommunication.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingiltrud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingiltrud (page does not exist)">Ingiltrud</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Boso_the_Elder" title="Boso the Elder">Boso the Elder</a>, Count of <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, was excommunicated by bishops in the empire of <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> at the direction of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> after she left her husband for a secret lover and didn't respond to a summons to appear before the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Milan" title="Synod of Milan">Synod of Milan</a> in 860.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Flanders" title="Judith of Flanders">Judith of Flanders</a>, Frankish princess and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> was excommunicated by Frankish bishops after she married <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I,_Margrave_of_Flanders" title="Baldwin I, Margrave of Flanders">Baldwin I, Margrave of Flanders</a> without her father's consent.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I, Patriarch of Constantinople</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> in 863 on grounds that he had raised himself to the Patriarchal See illegally in violation of church law.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-33">[33]</a> He had been ordained bishop by Gregory Asbestas, who was already excommunicated， he hadn't waited the mandatory waiting period for ordination between different orders (see: <a href="/wiki/Interstices_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstices (Catholicism)">Interstices (Catholicism)</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios of Constantinople</a> was considered to still be the Patriarch of Constantinople.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-34">[34]</a> He was named as excommunicated in the 869-870 <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios of Constantinople</a> died in 877, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_VIII" title="Pope John VIII">Pope John VIII</a> agreed to restore him to communion and confirm him as Patriarch of Constantinople. However, he was excommunicated again by Pope John after he held a <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">synod in 879</a> that attempted to revoke the acts of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Asbestas" title="Gregory Asbestas">Gregory Asbestas</a> was excommunicated by Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios of Constantinople</a> on account of insubordination.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodoald_of_Porto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodoald of Porto (page does not exist)">Rodoald of Porto</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zachary_of_Anagni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zachary of Anagni (page does not exist)">Zachary of Anagni</a>, were excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> in 863 at a synod in the Lateran. The two men had served as Papal legates to Constantinople with direction to hear the two sides in the dispute between Photius and Ignatius, who both claimed to be rightful Patriarchs of Constantinople. They received bribes and passed a ruling in the Pope's name in favour of Photius.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunther_(archbishop_of_Cologne)" title="Gunther (archbishop of Cologne)">Gunther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cologne" title="Archbishop of Cologne">Archbishop of Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theotgaud" title="Theotgaud">Thietgaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Trier" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Trier">Archbishop of Trier</a>, were excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> at a synod in October 863. The two bishops had given approval for the divorce and remarriage of King <a href="/wiki/Lothair_II" title="Lothair II">Lothair II</a>. Gunther's excommunication was lifted in 869 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_II" title="Pope Adrian II">Pope Adrian II</a> after Gunther made a public retraction but his clerical status was not restored and he was given a status of <a href="/wiki/Lay_communion" title="Lay communion">lay communion</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="10th_century">10th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 10th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurens_excomunication_1875_orsay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Laurens_excomunication_1875_orsay.jpg/290px-Laurens_excomunication_1875_orsay.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Laurens_excomunication_1875_orsay.jpg/435px-Laurens_excomunication_1875_orsay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Laurens_excomunication_1875_orsay.jpg/580px-Laurens_excomunication_1875_orsay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the excommunication of Robert the Pious</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 998, <a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II of France</a>, who had been insisting on his right to appoint bishops, was ultimately forced to back down, and ultimately also to put aside his wife <a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Burgundy" title="Bertha of Burgundy">Bertha of Burgundy</a> who had also been excommunicated. The stated reason was the degree of <a href="/wiki/Consanguinity" title="Consanguinity">consanguinity</a> between the two. Excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_V" title="Pope Gregory V">Pope Gregory V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> They had the marriage annulled by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_II" title="Pope Sylvester II">Pope Sylvester II</a> in 1000 and were reinstated.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="11th_century">11th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 11th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cerularius" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Cerularius">Michael Cerularius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Leo_of_Ohrid" title="Leo of Ohrid">Leo of Ohrid</a> and their adherents, were excommunicated in 1054 after he had erased the Pope's name from church <a href="/wiki/Diptych" title="Diptych">diptychs</a> and made accusations against the western church of being in heresy. The excommunication was carried out by legates of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Pope Leo IX</a> after the Pope's death. This excommunication was only directed at these individuals named and not at the wider eastern church; the legates specifically made note that they considered the wider eastern church to remain pious and orthodox.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> However, in the ensuing years, most of the eastern bishops followed Cerularius and also ceased recognition of the Pope by striking his name from their diptychs. This led to the <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a>. The legal validity of this excommunication has been questioned as it was issued by legates of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Pope Leo IX</a> after the Pope's death. It was declared lifted on 7 December 1965.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a> was excommunicated 4 times in the 11th century (and would later be excommunicated a fifth time in the 12th century). He was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Pope Gregory VII</a> three separate times, and once more by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a>. The first was on 22 February 1076 over the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a>. This excommunication was lifted on 28 January 1077 after Henry's public show of penitence known as the <a href="/wiki/Road_to_Canossa" title="Road to Canossa">Road to Canossa</a>. His second excommunication by Gregory was on 7 March 1080, and the third was in 1084 or 1085. Urban II excommunicated Henry in 1088.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold II</a>, King of England, for perhaps politically motivated reasons by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_II" title="Pope Alexander II">Pope Alexander II</a> in order to justify the invasion and takeover of the kingdom by <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> in 1066.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_II_the_Generous" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolesław II the Generous">Bolesław II the Generous</a>, Duke of Poland, was excommunicated in 1080 after murdering the bishop <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_of_Szczepan%C3%B3w" title="Stanislaus of Szczepanów">Saint Stanislaus of Kraków</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I of France</a>, king of France, for repudiating his marriage and remarrying, by <a href="/wiki/Hugh,_Archbishop_of_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh, Archbishop of Lyon">Hugh, Archbishop of Lyon</a> and later reaffirmed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a>.</li> <li>Bishops in France, under orders of Benedict VIII, excommunicated feudal barons who had seized property belonging to the monastery of Cluny in 1016 <a href="#cite_note-auto-40">[40]</a></li> <li>The bishop of Autun excommunicated Cluniac monks in his diocese who took over the monastery of Vezelay without his permission; the excommunication was removed after they left the diocese <a href="#cite_note-auto-40">[40]</a></li> <li>In 1031 the council of Limoges in France excommunicated feudal barons in the diocese of Limoges who were conducting private warfare between themselves in the midst of widespread famine and pestilence that was killing off a large portion of the peasantry. The famine and pestilence were thought to be punishments from God for grave sins being committed close to the millennium anniversary of Christ's death and resurrection. The members of the council dashed their candles to the ground in unison after calling out 'As these lights are extinguished before your eyes, so let their joy be extinguished before the angels.' <a href="#cite_note-auto-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribert_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Aribert (archbishop of Milan)">Heribert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Milan">Archbishop of Milan</a>, was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Pope Benedict IX</a> when he was at enmity with him.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arialdo" title="Arialdo">Arialdo</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Guido_da_Velate" title="Guido da Velate">Guido da Velate</a>, bishop of Milan while he was working against clerical abuses in Milan. He was immediately reinstated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IX" title="Pope Stephen IX">Pope Stephen IX</a><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1911-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_da_Velate" title="Guido da Velate">Guido da Velate</a>, bishop of Milan was excommunicated because of repeated lapses in his failure to reform<a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1911-42">[42]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="12th_century">12th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 12th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_Barbarossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I Barbarossa">Frederick I Barbarossa</a>, Holy Roman Emperor, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Alexander III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_V_(Archbishop_of_Milan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anselm V (Archbishop of Milan)">Anselm V (Archbishop of Milan)</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_II" title="Pope Honorius II">Pope Honorius II</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Sicily" title="William I of Sicily">William I of Sicily</a>, by Pope <a href="/wiki/Adrian_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrian IV">Adrian IV</a>, while the king was waging war against the papal states and raiding pilgrims on their way to the tombs of the apostles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_I,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Ralph I, Count of Vermandois">Ralph I, Count of Vermandois</a> was said to have been excommunicated in 1142 by Bishop Saint <a href="/wiki/Ivo_of_Chartres" title="Ivo of Chartres">Ivo of Chartres</a> for repudiating his lawful wife and marrying another<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a>, was excommunicated under the decrees of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Lateran_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lateran Council">Second Lateran Council</a> in 1139</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacletus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Anacletus II">Anacletus II</a>, antipope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> in 1106 for refusing to abjure his claim to imperial investitures, posthumously lifted in 1111. (Henry IV had already been excommunicated four times in the 11th century.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jordan,_Archbishop_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan, Archbishop of Milan">Jordan, Archbishop of Milan</a> in 1116 and ratified by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> over the Investiture Controversy. He was excommunicated again by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_II" title="Pope Gelasius II">Pope Gelasius II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Callistus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Callistus II">Pope Callistus II</a> for setting up and supporting <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VIII" title="Antipope Gregory VIII">Antipope Gregory VIII</a>. Received back into communion <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1122.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Burdinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritius Burdinus">Mauritius Burdinus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Braga" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Braga">Archbishop of Braga</a>, was excommunicated for crowning Henry V as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome during Henry's invasion of Italy during the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a> in 1117 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a>. He was excommunicated a second time in 1118 when after Paschal II died, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_II" title="Pope Gelasius II">Pope Gelasius II</a> was elected and Henry established Archbishop Mauritius as Antipope Gregory VIII in opposition to him.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>In 1170 Archbishop of Canterbury <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a> excommunicated <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Pont_L%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Roger de Pont L'Évêque">Roger de Pont L'Évêque</a>, the archbishop of York, along with <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Foliot" title="Gilbert Foliot">Gilbert Foliot</a>, the bishop of London, and <a href="/wiki/Josceline_de_Bohon" title="Josceline de Bohon">Josceline de Bohon</a>, the bishop of Salisbury, for crowning the heir-apparent Henry at York, thereby usurping Canterbury's privileges. In response to these excommunications, the heirs father, <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a> famously exclaimed words that led to Becket's assassination.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovan_battista_crespi_detto_il_cerano,_strage_degli_albigesi,_1628-32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giovan_battista_crespi_detto_il_cerano%2C_strage_degli_albigesi%2C_1628-32.jpg/220px-Giovan_battista_crespi_detto_il_cerano%2C_strage_degli_albigesi%2C_1628-32.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giovan_battista_crespi_detto_il_cerano%2C_strage_degli_albigesi%2C_1628-32.jpg/330px-Giovan_battista_crespi_detto_il_cerano%2C_strage_degli_albigesi%2C_1628-32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Giovan_battista_crespi_detto_il_cerano%2C_strage_degli_albigesi%2C_1628-32.jpg/440px-Giovan_battista_crespi_detto_il_cerano%2C_strage_degli_albigesi%2C_1628-32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2791" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Catholic knights of the <a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">Albigensian Crusade</a> fighting against the Cathars</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 1171, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a> excommunicated <a href="/wiki/Reginald_FitzUrse" class="mw-redirect" title="Reginald FitzUrse">Reginald FitzUrse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Morville,_Lord_of_Westmorland" title="Hugh de Morville, Lord of Westmorland">Hugh de Morville</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_de_Tracy" title="William de Tracy">William de Tracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Breton" title="Richard le Breton">Richard le Breton</a> for the murder of Thomas Becket. They later did penance to the Pope in Rome who ordered them to join the crusade in the Holy Land in reparation.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Third Council of the Lateran</a> excommunicated the <a href="/wiki/Cathars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathars">Cathars</a> and mercenary groups that were plaguing Europe at the time</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V of Austria</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_III" title="Pope Celestine III">Pope Celestine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markward_von_Annweiler" title="Markward von Annweiler">Markwuld of Anweiler</a>, Imperial Seneschal in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, was excommunicated by Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent III">Innocent III</a> after he failed to return the <a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Ancona" title="March of Ancona">March of Ancona</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceF-46">[46]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="13th_century">13th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 13th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Gregory_IX_excommuning_emperor_Frederick_II_Vasari_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pope_Gregory_IX_excommuning_emperor_Frederick_II_Vasari_1572.jpg/220px-Pope_Gregory_IX_excommuning_emperor_Frederick_II_Vasari_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pope_Gregory_IX_excommuning_emperor_Frederick_II_Vasari_1572.jpg/330px-Pope_Gregory_IX_excommuning_emperor_Frederick_II_Vasari_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pope_Gregory_IX_excommuning_emperor_Frederick_II_Vasari_1572.jpg/440px-Pope_Gregory_IX_excommuning_emperor_Frederick_II_Vasari_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Gregory IX excommunicating Frederick II</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_story_of_the_greatest_nations;_a_comprehensive_history,_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present,_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities,_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_(14597377900).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814597377900%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814597377900%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814597377900%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="2998" /></a><figcaption>"King John Excommunicated" (from The Story of the Greatest Nations, 1913)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John of England</a>, excommunicated in 1208 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> after refusing to accept Cardinal Stephen Langdon as the pope's choice for Archbishop of Canterbury. John relented in 1213 and was restored to communion.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_II_of_Portugal" title="Afonso II of Portugal">Afonso II of Portugal</a>, excommunicated in 1212 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III" title="Pope Honorius III">Pope Honorius III</a> for weakening the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> and investing part of the large sums destined to the Catholic Church in the unification of the country. Afonso II promised to reconcile with the Church, however, he died in 1223 without making any serious attempt to do so.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchard_IV_of_Avesnes" title="Bouchard IV of Avesnes">Bouchard IV of Avesnes</a>, excommunicated in 1216 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> for violating the <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II of Hungary</a>, was excommunicated in 1231 after not following the points of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_1222" title="Golden Bull of 1222">Golden Bull of 1222</a>, a seminal bill of rights, which contained new dispositions related to the <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> and hostile practices against the Jews and Muslims of the realm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, was excommunicated three times. The first time by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> in 1227 for delaying his promise to begin the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a>; the excommunication was lifted in 1229. The same pope excommunicated him again in 1239 for making war against the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, a censure rescinded by the new pope, <a href="/wiki/Celestine_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestine IV">Celestine IV</a>, who died soon after. Frederick was again excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> at the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="First Council of Lyons">First Council of Lyons</a> in 1245. Frederick repented just before his death and was absolved of the censure in 1250.</li> <li>a number of clerics and prominent lay people in the German church were excommunicated by Papal legate <a href="/wiki/Albert_von_Behaim" title="Albert von Behaim">Albert von Behaim</a> after they had proved negligent in carrying out the needed measures to make the sentence of 1239 excommunication against <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> effective <a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred, King of Sicily</a> in 1254, for taking the regency of <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a>. He became Papal vicar the same year. He was excommunicated again in 1258 after crowning himself king.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_7th_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester">Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester</a> was excommunicated in 1264 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a> for rebelling against <a href="/wiki/King_Henry_III_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King Henry III of England">King Henry III of England</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a>. This was lifted in 1268.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladislaus IV of Hungary</a> in 1279, by the pope's envoy Philip, for acting against the Catholic Church and living in a pagan way with the <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James II of Aragon</a>, in 1286 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a> for being crowned King of Sicily and thereby usurping a papal fief. His younger brother <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily" title="Frederick III of Sicily">Frederick III of Sicily</a> was excommunicated for the same reason in 1296.</li> <li>Jacopo Colonna and Pietro Colonna, both cardinals, were excommunicated by Pope Boniface VIII in the bull 'excelso throno' (1297) for refusing to surrender their relative Stefano Colonna (who had seized and robbed the pope's nephew) and refusing to give the pope <a href="/wiki/Palestrina" title="Palestrina">Palestrina</a> along with two <a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">fortresses</a>, which threatened the pope. This excommunication was extended in the same year to Jacopo's nephews and their heirs, after the two <a href="/wiki/Colonna_family" title="Colonna family">Colonna</a> cardinals denounced the pope's election as invalid and appealed to a general council.<a href="#cite_note-Catholicencyclopedia-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_VI_of_Denmark" title="Eric VI of Denmark">Eric VI of Denmark</a> in 1298, by Pope Boniface VIII, for imprisoning <a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops_of_Lund" title="List of bishops of Lund">Archbishop of Lund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Grand" title="Jens Grand">Jens Grand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Catholicencyclopedia-48">[48]</a></li> <li>Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> of Constantinople, by Pope Martin IV.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III of Aragon</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Pope Martin IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_VI,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse">Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Castelnau" title="Pierre de Castelnau">Pierre de Castelnau</a>, legate of Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent III">Innocent III</a> in 1207 for refusing to persecute <a href="/wiki/Albigensians" class="mw-redirect" title="Albigensians">Albigensians</a> in his lands and even showing them signs of favour, such as allowing them to preach in front of him. He later did penance and joined in the crusade against the Albigensians, but was excommunicated again in 1209 when he went to Toulouse and tried to elude his obligations.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li>the people of <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> were excommunicated by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Avignon" title="Council of Avignon">Council of Avignon</a> in 1209 for failing to expel the Albigensians from their city.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a> was excommunicated by Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent III">Innocent III</a> in 1210 after he had invaded and taken over lands belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> as well as invading the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> that was under the Pope's suzerainty.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceF-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a>, King of Leon and Galicia, was excommunicated by Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent III">Innocent III</a> for marrying a near relative.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceF-46">[46]</a></li> <li>Venetian crusaders in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> that had diverted the purpose of the crusade away from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> and ended up sacking <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> instead were excommunicated by Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent III">Innocent III</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceF-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lincoln" title="Bishop of Lincoln">Bishop of Lincoln</a> was excommunicated by monks of <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a> in 1243, during a time period when there was a vacancy in the <a href="/wiki/See_of_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="See of Canterbury">see of Canterbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="14th_century">14th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 14th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Antipopes at Avignon <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VII" title="Antipope Clement VII">Clement VII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Benedict XIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">their followers by proxy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnab%C3%B2_Visconti" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnabò Visconti">Barnabò Visconti</a>, tyrant of Milan, by Blessed Urban V in 1363. This was later rescinded after Barnabo restored castles he had seized and peace was concluded between him and the papal states. He was again excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI" title="Pope Gregory XI">Pope Gregory XI</a> after he took over <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio</a> and other places that were feudatory to the Holy See in 1371. Barnabo reportedly forced the papal legates who brought him the bull of excommunication to eat the parchment on which it was written.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceG-52">[52]</a></li> <li>the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> were collectively excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI" title="Pope Gregory XI">Pope Gregory XI</a> after they conspired with the excommunicated <a href="/wiki/Barnab%C3%B2_Visconti" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnabò Visconti">Barnabò Visconti</a>, tyrant of Milan, in 1375 to stir up the inhabitants of the Papal states against the French legates that Pope Gregory had sent to rule them in his place, since Gregory lived in Avignon. Florence sent <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a> to intercede for them with the Pope and she successfully convinced the Pope to leave Avignon and return to Rome.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceG-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Mercenary bands known as the 'free companies' that had overrun Italy and France were excommunicated by Blessed <a href="/wiki/Urban_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban V">Urban V</a> in 1366. Included in this excommunication were the German <a href="/wiki/Konrad_von_Landau" title="Konrad von Landau">Konrad von Landau</a> and the Englishman Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Hawkwood" title="John Hawkwood">John Hawkwood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Pedro the Cruel</a> was excommunicated by Blessed Urban V for his persecutions of clergy and cruelty.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip the Fair</a> of France in 1303 by Pope Boniface VIII, for failing to respond adequately to a papal letter regarding Philip's effective rejection of the pope's temporal authority.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Littlington" title="William of Littlington">William of Littlington</a>, an English Carmelite friar, in 1305; he was reconciled, after a four years' penance, in 1309.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_K%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladislaus Kán">Ladislaus Kán</a>, Hungarian noble regent of the region of Transylvania that was excommunicated in 1309 by the pope's envoy <a href="/wiki/Gentile_Portino_da_Montefiore" title="Gentile Portino da Montefiore">Gentile Portino da Montefiore</a> for not handing over the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary" title="Holy Crown of Hungary">Holy Crown of Hungary</a>, that was being kept illegally by him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_III_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Matthew III Csák">Matthew III Csák</a>, Hungarian noble that was excommunicated in 1311 by the pope's envoy Gentile, for not accepting the new King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles I of Hungary</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a>, King of Scots from 1306 to 1329, was excommunicated following his killing of <a href="/wiki/John_Comyn_III_of_Badenoch" title="John Comyn III of Badenoch">John Comyn</a> before the altar of the Greyfriars Church at <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a> in 1306.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> His excommunication was lifted by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Lamberton" title="William de Lamberton">William de Lamberton</a>, Bishop of St Andrews.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_de_Moravia" title="David de Moravia">David de Moravia</a>, Bishop of Moray.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wishart" title="Robert Wishart">Robert Wishart</a>, Bishop of Glasgow.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_I_of_Naples" title="Joanna I of Naples">Joanna I of Naples</a> in 1378 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VI" title="Pope Urban VI">Pope Urban VI</a> for her support of <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_VII" title="Antipope Clement VII">Antipope Clement VII</a>, support deemed heretical by Urban.</li> <li>All of the cardinals who voted for Antipope Clement VII were excommunicated by Urban VI.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Naples" title="Charles III of Naples">Charles III of Naples</a> in 1385 for his alleged involvement in a plot against Urban VI.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">John Wycliffe</a> was posthumously excommunicated by the Council of Constance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_da_Clareno" title="Angelo da Clareno">Angelo da Clareno</a> and his group of <a href="/wiki/Fraticelli" title="Fraticelli">Spiritual Franciscans</a> were excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a> in 1317.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceH-57">[57]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Franciscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Franciscans">Spiritual Franciscans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> were excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a> in 1317.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceH-57">[57]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Franciscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Franciscans">Spiritual Franciscans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> were excommunicated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillaume_d%27Astre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillaume d'Astre (page does not exist)">Guillaume d'Astre</a>, Franciscan provincial superior.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceH-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a> in 1324. Louis later marched on Rome, issued a decree that deposed the Pope and installed <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Nicholas_V" title="Antipope Nicholas V">Antipope Nicholas V</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="15th_century">15th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 15th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filippo_Dolciati_(1443_-_1519)_Execution_of_Girolamo_Savonarola._1498,_Florence,_Museo_di_San_Marco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Filippo_Dolciati_%281443_-_1519%29_Execution_of_Girolamo_Savonarola._1498%2C_Florence%2C_Museo_di_San_Marco.jpg/220px-Filippo_Dolciati_%281443_-_1519%29_Execution_of_Girolamo_Savonarola._1498%2C_Florence%2C_Museo_di_San_Marco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Filippo_Dolciati_%281443_-_1519%29_Execution_of_Girolamo_Savonarola._1498%2C_Florence%2C_Museo_di_San_Marco.jpg/330px-Filippo_Dolciati_%281443_-_1519%29_Execution_of_Girolamo_Savonarola._1498%2C_Florence%2C_Museo_di_San_Marco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Filippo_Dolciati_%281443_-_1519%29_Execution_of_Girolamo_Savonarola._1498%2C_Florence%2C_Museo_di_San_Marco.jpg/440px-Filippo_Dolciati_%281443_-_1519%29_Execution_of_Girolamo_Savonarola._1498%2C_Florence%2C_Museo_di_San_Marco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3427" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>Public burning of Girolamo Savonarola and two other friars in Florence by church authorities</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici" title="Lorenzo de' Medici">Lorenzo De Medici</a> and the city of Florence in 1478, after the papacy-backed <a href="/wiki/Pazzi_Conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pazzi Conspiracy">Pazzi Conspiracy</a> failed, for the hanging of Salviati in his vestial robes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_of_Prague" title="Jerome of Prague">Jerome of Prague</a> in 1409 by <a href="/wiki/Zbyn%C4%9Bk_Zaj%C3%ADc_of_Hazmburk" title="Zbyněk Zajíc of Hazmburk">Zbyněk Zajíc of Hazmburk</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops_and_archbishops_of_Prague" title="List of bishops and archbishops of Prague">Archbishop of Prague</a>, for his role in the Czech <a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">Wycliffe</a> campaign.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>Future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a> in 1411 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII" title="Pope Gregory XII">Pope Gregory XII</a> for supporting <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" title="Council of Pisa">Pisan</a> <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Alexander_V" title="Antipope Alexander V">Antipope Alexander V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">Antipope John XXIII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MartinTrecc-59">[59]</a> His excommunication was lifted in 1415 at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a> in order for Martin to become pope and end the <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Antipope Benedict XIII</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a> in 1415, for refusing to step down despite his promise at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a> in 1415.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Saint Joan of Arc</a> by Bishop Pierre Cauchon on 30 May 1431 (even though he allowed her <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a> before her <a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">immolation</a>). She was fully reconciled to the Catholic Church at her <a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Rehabilitation trial of Joan of Arc">Trial of Nullification</a> in 1456.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">Antipope</a> <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VIII,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy">Felix V</a> and his followers by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_IV" title="Pope Eugene IV">Pope Eugene IV</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> on 23 March 1440.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Bishop <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cauchon" title="Pierre Cauchon">Pierre Cauchon</a> in 1457 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_III" title="Pope Callixtus III">Pope Callixtus III</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Trial of Joan of Arc">persecution and condemnation</a> of Joan of Arc.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>The town of <a href="/wiki/Prudnik" title="Prudnik">Prudnik</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> on 23 March 1464 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_II" title="Pope Pius II">Pope Pius II</a> for refusing to pay the debt of Duke <a href="/wiki/Konrad_IV_the_Elder" title="Konrad IV the Elder">Konrad IV the Elder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a> in 1497 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="16th_century">16th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 16th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Aspelin-Luther_uppbr%C3%A4nner_den_p%C3%A5fliga_bullan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karl_Aspelin-Luther_uppbr%C3%A4nner_den_p%C3%A5fliga_bullan.jpg/290px-Karl_Aspelin-Luther_uppbr%C3%A4nner_den_p%C3%A5fliga_bullan.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karl_Aspelin-Luther_uppbr%C3%A4nner_den_p%C3%A5fliga_bullan.jpg/435px-Karl_Aspelin-Luther_uppbr%C3%A4nner_den_p%C3%A5fliga_bullan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karl_Aspelin-Luther_uppbr%C3%A4nner_den_p%C3%A5fliga_bullan.jpg/580px-Karl_Aspelin-Luther_uppbr%C3%A4nner_den_p%C3%A5fliga_bullan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2871" data-file-height="2246" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Martin Luther burning the Papal bull <a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a>, which condemned his teachings as heresy</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Colonna" title="Pietro Colonna">Pietro Colonna</a> in 1501 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV of Scotland</a> in 1513 for breaking the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perpetual_Peace" title="Treaty of Perpetual Peace">Treaty of Perpetual Peace</a> with England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformer</a>, in 1521 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a> in 1533, officially promulgated on 17 December 1538 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> and first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.</li> <li>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Odet_de_Coligny" title="Odet de Coligny">Odet de Coligny</a>, on 31 March 1563, for professing the <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> faith.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a> in 1570 by the papal bull <a href="/wiki/Regnans_in_Excelsis" title="Regnans in Excelsis">Regnans in Excelsis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erastus" title="Thomas Erastus">Thomas Erastus</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Erastianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Erastianism">Erastianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> and Navarre, who famously retaliated by "excommunicating" the Pope. He later converted to Catholicism and his excommunication was lifted on 17 September 1595.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_II_Bentivoglio" title="Giovanni II Bentivoglio">Giovanni Bentivoglio</a>, leader of Bologna, in 1506 by <a href="/wiki/Julius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius II">Julius II</a>, while the pope was at war with him and leading an army to take Bologna.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_I_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara">Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara</a>, by Julius II in 1510.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelites" title="Discalced Carmelites">Discalced Carmelites</a> in Spain who participated in an illicit meeting to elect a provincial without approval, by the Pope's legate in Spain Filippo Sega in 1578<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> This was ignored by those excommunicated. It was formally revoked in 1579.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmelite">Carmelite</a> nuns of the Monastery of the Encarnacion in Avila who refused to renounce <a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">St Teresa</a>'s leadership of the convent, by the orders <a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">provincial</a>, after the church authorities ordered a replacement in 1577.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> This excommunication was revoked later that year.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Cauvin" title="Gérard Cauvin">Gérard Cauvin</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Calvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Calvin">Jean Calvin</a>, was excommunicated by the chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Noyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Noyon">diocese of Noyon</a> on account of him not sending in his accounts while he served as a procurator for the diocese.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> for heresy in 1576, he was later tried and burned to death by the Inquisition in 1600</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="17th_century">17th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 17th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Sapieha_(1581%E2%80%931644)" title="Mikołaj Sapieha (1581–1644)">Mikołaj Sapieha</a> in approximately 1625 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a>; punishment for stealing a painting. The excommunication was lifted in 1634 to allow Sapieha to publicly oppose the suggested marriage of <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Władysław IV Vasa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_the_Palatinate" title="Elisabeth of the Palatinate">Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma">Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma</a> in 1641 by Pope Urban VIII during the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Castro" title="Wars of Castro">Wars of Castro</a>. He later reconciled with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and was readmitted to the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">Sacraments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>Priests Francisco de Jaca and Epiphane de Moirans in 1681 for opposing slavery in Cuba by their local bishop, however in 1686 the Holy Office under Pope Innocent XI formally agreed with a document they co-authored, which decried the slave trade.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="18th_century">18th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 18th century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Most important supporters of <a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a>, in the 1718 bull Pastoralis officii<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Autun" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Autun">Bishop of Autun</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a>. Before his death, Talleyrand was reconciled with the Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century">19th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Delaroche_-_Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Delaroche_-_Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/220px-Paul_Delaroche_-_Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Delaroche_-_Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/330px-Paul_Delaroche_-_Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Delaroche_-_Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/440px-Paul_Delaroche_-_Napoleon_Crossing_the_Alps_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1977" data-file-height="2545" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> was excommunicated by Pope Pius VII in 1809; <a href="/wiki/Bonaparte_Crossing_the_Alps" title="Bonaparte Crossing the Alps">Bonaparte Crossing the Alps</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Delaroche" title="Paul Delaroche">Paul Delaroche</a>, 1848</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> was excommunicated in the 1809 bull <a href="/wiki/Quum_memoranda" title="Quum memoranda">Quum memoranda</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a> for ordering the annexation of Rome and a long period of anti-Papal orders.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Before Napoleon's death, his excommunication was lifted and he received the last rites.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kaminski" title="Stephen Kaminski">Stephen Kaminski</a>, bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Catholic_Church" title="Polish National Catholic Church">Polish National Catholic Church</a>, in 1898<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hodur" title="Francis Hodur">Francis Hodur</a>, Roman Catholic priest (Scranton, Pennsylvania) and Prime Bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Catholic_Church" title="Polish National Catholic Church">Polish National Catholic Church</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Aglipay" title="Gregorio Aglipay">Gregorio Aglipay Cruz y Labayan</a> was a Roman Catholic priest who became the first Filipino <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Bishop" title="Supreme Bishop">Supreme Bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a>, a new Protestant revolutionary-nationalist church, who would later become an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholic</a> church.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Excommunicated in May 1899 by Archbishop of Manila Bernardino Norzaleda y Villa upon the expressed permission of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> due to "usurpation of ecclesiastical jurisdiction" during the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-philnationalist-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary_MacKillop" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary MacKillop">Saint Mary MacKillop</a> by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sheil" title="Laurence Sheil">Laurence Sheil</a> in 1871.<a href="#cite_note-Nun_becomes_first_Australian_saint-81">[81]</a> Five months later, from his deathbed, Shiel rescinded the excommunication.<a href="#cite_note-From_Our_Broken_Toil-82">[82]</a></li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Edward_McGlynn" title="Edward McGlynn">Edward McGlynn</a> was excommunicated in 1887 for opposing the establishment of parochial schools believing that they were unnecessary.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The excommunication was lifted in 1892.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Morelos" title="José María Morelos">José María Morelos</a> and Fr. <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a> (both allegedly reconciled before their death)<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> for "disturbances of the public order, corrupting the public, sacrilege [and] perjury" in 1810.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II of Italy</a> was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> when the king successfully waged war against the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, resulting in limiting the pope to Vatican City.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Before Victor Emmanuel II's death his excommunication was lifted and he was permitted to take the last rites.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_Loyson" title="Hyacinthe Loyson">Charles Loyson</a> (name as a <a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelites" title="Discalced Carmelites">Carmelite</a>: Hyacinthe) was excommunicated in 1869 for leaving his <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">religious order</a> after refusing to retract his protest against the manner of convocation of the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>Colombian writer and atheist <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Vargas_Vila" title="José María Vargas Vila">José María Vargas Vila</a> was excommunicated upon the publication his novel Ibis (1900).<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>Scientist Dr. <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Chil_y_Naranjo" title="Gregorio Chil y Naranjo">Gregorio Chil y Naranjo</a> was excommunicated in 1878 for his work on evolution in the Canary Islands entitled "Estudios historicos, climatologicos y patológicos de las Islas Canarias." The Bishop of Barcelona, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Urquinaona_y_Vidot" title="José María de Urquinaona y Vidot">José María de Urquinaona y Vidot</a>, declared the work "false, impious, scandalous, and heretical" and excommunicated the doctor.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger" title="Ignaz von Döllinger">Ignaz von Döllinger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_(theologian)" title="Johann Friedrich (theologian)">Johann Friedrich</a> were excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Gregor_von_Scherr" title="Gregor von Scherr">Gregor von Scherr</a>, Archbishop of Munich and Freising on 18 April 1871, on account of their opposition to the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">papal infallibility</a>. This was part of the events in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hubert_Reinkens" title="Joseph Hubert Reinkens">Joseph Hubert Reinkens</a>, bishop in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a>, was excommunicated by Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a> on 9 November 1873<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceI-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Josef_Hilgers" title="Bernhard Josef Hilgers">Bernhard Josef Hilgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Langen" title="Joseph Langen">Joseph Langen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Heinrich_Reusch" title="Franz Heinrich Reusch">Franz Heinrich Reusch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Peter_Knoodt" title="Franz Peter Knoodt">Franz Peter Knoodt</a>, theology professors at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> were excommunicated by Cardinal Archbishop of Cologne, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Melchers" title="Paul Melchers">Paul Melchers</a> in 1872 on account of their opposition to the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">papal infallibility</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceI-90">[90]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article is missing information about the disputed claim that Fidel Castro was excommunicated. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="Talk:List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church">talk page</a>. (September 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>All Catholics who participated in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, in December 1902<a href="#cite_note-philnationalist-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feliksa_Koz%C5%82owska" class="mw-redirect" title="Feliksa Kozłowska">Feliksa Kozłowska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Micha%C5%82_Kowalski" title="Maria Michał Kowalski">Maria Michał Kowalski</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mariavite_Church" title="Mariavite Church">Mariavite movement</a> in December 1906 by St Pius X<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Loisy" title="Alfred Loisy">Alfred Loisy</a>, a French cleric associated with <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a> (1908?).<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li>Father <a href="/wiki/Romolo_Murri" title="Romolo Murri">Romolo Murri</a>, a leader of the Italian Catholic Democrats, for giving speeches against Papal policy (1909)<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>Marshal <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (1946) and all Catholics who participated in the trial of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a> of Zagreb and the trial of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty" title="József Mindszenty">József Mindszenty</a> of Hungary, which included most of the jury members.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>Fr <a href="/wiki/Michel_Collin" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Collin">Michel Collin</a> of France was excommunicated in 1951 for various heresies, and later declared himself Pope Clement XV.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feeney" title="Leonard Feeney">Fr Leonard Feeney, SJ</a> on 13 February 1953 for disobedience to the Holy See.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Feeney promoted <a href="/wiki/Feeneyism" title="Feeneyism">Feeneyism</a>, a view condemned by the Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-Most-97">[97]</a> Fr. Feeney was later reconciled to communion in the church without recanting his views.<a href="#cite_note-Most-97">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a>, in 1955, after he signed a decree ordering the expulsion of Argentine bishops Manuel Tato and Ramón Novoa<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In 1963 Perón was reconciled with the Church and his excommunication lifted.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tu_Shihua" title="Anthony Tu Shihua">Anthony Tu Shihua</a> received latae sententiae excommunication in 1959, later confirmed by the Holy See, for having receiving illicit episcopal ordination to become bishop of Hanyang. This excommunication was later lifted shortly before his death in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemines_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaquemines Parish">Plaquemines Parish</a> President <a href="/wiki/Leander_Perez" title="Leander Perez">Leander Perez</a>, Jackson G. Ricau (secretary of the Citizens Council of South Louisiana) and Mrs. B.J. Gaillot, Jr., president of Save Our Nation, Inc., on 16 April 1962 by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rummel" title="Joseph Rummel">Joseph Rummel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_New_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of New Orleans">Archdiocese of New Orleans</a>. They were excommunicated for aggressively opposing the <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">racial integration</a> of Catholic schools in the Archdiocese starting in the 1963-64 school year. Perez and Ricau were later reinstated into the Church following public retractions.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>In 1976, the Holy See confirmed the excommunication of those who participated in illicit episcopal consecrations for the <a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Christian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmarian Christian Church">Palmarian Christian Church</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li>Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a>, Bishops <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Castro_Meyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio de Castro Meyer">Antonio de Castro Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fellay" title="Bernard Fellay">Bernard Fellay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Tissier_de_Mallerais" title="Bernard Tissier de Mallerais">Bernard Tissier de Mallerais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williamson_(bishop)" title="Richard Williamson (bishop)">Richard Williamson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_de_Galarreta" title="Alfonso de Galarreta">Alfonso de Galarreta</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Ec%C3%B4ne_Consecrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecône Consecrations">Ecône Consecrations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Society_of_St._Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St. Pius X">Society of St. Pius X</a>) without papal mandate. Formally declared to have incurred latae sententiae excommunication by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Bernardin_Gantin" title="Bernardin Gantin">Bernardin Gantin</a> on 1 July 1988.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The excommunications of the latter four (the bishops consecrated in that 1988 ceremony) were lifted in 2009; the first two (the consecrator and the co-consecrator) had died in the meantime.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Williamson fell under a second excommunication after illicitly ordaining a bishop.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>Members of multiple organizations in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Lincoln" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln">Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln</a>, Nebraska were excommunicated by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Bruskewitz" title="Fabian Bruskewitz">Fabian Bruskewitz</a> in March 1996 for promoting positions he deemed "totally incompatible with the Catholic faith".<a href="#cite_note-CTA-108">[108]</a> The organizations include <a href="/wiki/Call_to_Action" title="Call to Action">Call to Action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholics_for_a_Free_Choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics for a Free Choice">Catholics for a Free Choice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hemlock_Society" title="Hemlock Society">Hemlock Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Freemasons" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_St._Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St. Pius X">Society of St. Pius X</a>. The Vatican later confirmed the excommunication of Call to Action members in November 2006,<a href="#cite_note-CTA-108">[108]</a> but in 2017, the current bishop of Lincoln met with leadership of the group and proposed a way for individuals to be reconciled to the Church, without having to renounce their membership in the organization, as long as they reaffirmed their commitment to all of Church teaching.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li>After <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(independent_bishop)" title="Michael Cox (independent bishop)">Bishop Michael Cox</a> consecrated <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buckley_(priest)" title="Pat Buckley (priest)">Pat Buckley</a> a bishop without papal approval, both were excommunicated.<a href="#cite_note-O'Sullivan1998-06-15-110">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelo_de_los_Reyes" title="Isabelo de los Reyes">Isabelo de los Reyes</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a>, was excommunicated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> in 1903 as a <a href="/wiki/Schism_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schism (religion)">schismatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostate">apostate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Zhan_Silu" title="Vincent Zhan Silu">Vincent Zhan Silu</a> excommunicated latae sententiae, later confirmed by the Vatican, for receiving illicit episcopal consecration in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> His excommunication was lifted in 2018 when Pope Francis recognized all bishops in China.</li> <li>Fr James Callan in 1999 of Rochester, New York for allowing women to offer Mass.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bp. <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Antonio_Braschi" title="Rómulo Antonio Braschi">Rómulo Antonio Braschi</a> on 5 August 2002 for having "attempted to confer priestly ordination on several Catholic women," the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Seven" title="Danube Seven">Danube Seven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li>Chinese bishops <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Liu_Xinhong" title="Joseph Liu Xinhong">Joseph Liu Xinhong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ma_Yinglin" title="Joseph Ma Yinglin">Joseph Ma Yinglin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wu_Shi-zhen" title="John Wu Shi-zhen">John Wu Shi-zhen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernardine_Dong_Guangqing" title="Bernardine Dong Guangqing">Bernardine Dong Guangqing</a> were excommunicated by the Holy See in 2006 for engaging in illicit episcopal consecrations.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The two who received ordination (Liu Xinhong and Ma Yinglin) had their excommunications lifted when the Holy See announced that all bishops in China were formally recognized in 2018.</li> <li>Zambian bishop <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Milingo" title="Emmanuel Milingo">Emmanuel Milingo</a> was stated to be excommunicated by the Holy See in 2006 after he engaged in illicit episcopal consecrations.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Community_of_the_Lady_of_All_Nations" title="Community of the Lady of All Nations">Community of the Lady of All Nations</a> for heretical teachings and beliefs after a six-year investigation. The declaration was announced by the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops on 12 September 2007.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Dale_Fushek" title="Dale Fushek">Dale Fushek</a> (also laicized by Pope Benedict XVI in February 2010) and Fr. Mark Dippre. Former Priests were issued a Decree of Excommunication by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Olmsted" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas J. Olmsted">Thomas J. Olmsted</a> for operating "an opposing ecclesial community" in direct disobedience to orders to refrain from public ministry.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>Fr. Marek Bozek (since <a href="/wiki/Defrock#Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Defrock">laicized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>), and the lay parish board members of <a href="/wiki/St._Stanislaus_Kostka_Church_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (St. Louis)">St. Stanislaus Kostka Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a> in December 2005 were declared guilty of the ecclesiastical crime of <a href="/wiki/Schism_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schism (religion)">schism</a> by then-Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Leo_Burke" title="Raymond Leo Burke">Raymond Leo Burke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STLArchD1-116">[116]</a> Their excommunication was ratified by the Vatican in May 2008. Four of the parish board members have since reconciled with the Church.</li> <li>Both the doctors and the mother of the nine-year-old victim in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Brazilian_girl_abortion_case" title="2009 Brazilian girl abortion case">2009 Brazilian girl abortion case</a> were said by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cardoso_Sobrinho" title="José Cardoso Sobrinho">José Cardoso Sobrinho</a> of Olinda and Recife to have incurred an automatic excommunication. The victim had an abortion after being raped and impregnated by her stepfather.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Bishops_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="National Conference of Bishops of Brazil">National Conference of Bishops of Brazil</a> contradicted Sobrinho's statement: it declared that, in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">canon law</a>, the girl's mother was not in fact excommunicated and that there were no grounds for stating that any of the doctors involved were in fact excommunicated.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Disagreement with the Archbishop's view of the supposed excommunication was expressed also by other bishops.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li>Sr. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_McBride" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret McBride">Margaret McBride</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nun</a>, for allowing an <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McBride-122">[122]</a> McBride later reconciled with the Church and is no longer living in a state of excommunication.</li> <li>In 2010 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Guo_Jincai" title="Joseph Guo Jincai">Joseph Guo Jincai</a> was excommunicated by the Holy See for illicitly receiving epsicopal consecration to become bishop of Chengde <a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> This excommunication was lifted in 2018 when Pope Francis recognized all bishops in China.</li> <li>In 2011 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Huang_Bingzhang" title="Joseph Huang Bingzhang">Joseph Huang Bingzhang</a> was excommunicated by the Holy See for illicitly receiving episcopal consecration to become bishop of Shantou.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> His consecrators were not formally excommunicated and the Holy See noted that it was possible they were forced to take part, however, if they were not forced, they would have also suffered an automatic excommunication. This excommunication was lifted in 2018 when Pope Francis recognized all bishops in China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_Shiyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lei Shiyin">Lei Shiyin</a> was excommunicated in 2011 by the Holy See for receiving illicit episcopal consecration to become bishop of Leshan. His consecrators were not formally excommunicated because of the possibility that they were forced, however, they would suffer an automatic excommunication if they were not forced to participate.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> This excommunication was lifted in 2018 when Pope Francis recognized all bishops in China.</li> <li>In October 2012, the newspapers <a href="/wiki/El_Observador_(Uruguay)" title="El Observador (Uruguay)">El Observador</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> reported that all the Catholics who promoted the <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Uruguay" title="Abortion in Uruguay">abortion law in Uruguay</a> were excommunicated.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The newspaper Urgente24, in spite of a headline stating that what it called the "abortionist lawmakers" were excommunicated, explained in the body of the article that automatic excommunication applied only to someone who directly carried out an abortion.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The bishops website also explained that excommunication would automatically apply, under <a href="/wiki/Canon_1398" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 1398">Canon Law 1398</a>, only to anyone carrying out an abortion, and not to lawmakers.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Roy_Bourgeois" title="Roy Bourgeois">Roy Bourgeois</a> (also laicized and dismissed from the Maryknoll Fathers) for participating in the attempted ordination of a woman.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fusheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Yue Fusheng">Yue Fusheng</a> was excommunicated in 2012 by the Holy See for episcopal ordination to become bishop of Harbin.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> His consecrators were not formally excommunicated because of the possibility they were forced, but they would suffer automatic excommunication if they had not been forced. This excommunication was lifted in 2018 when Pope Francis recognized all bishops in China.</li> <li>Fr. Robert Marrone on 6 March 2013 by <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lennon" title="Richard Lennon">Richard Gerard Lennon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cleveland" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland">Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> for direct disobedience to orders from the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> regarding the terms of his leave of absence and orders to refrain from public ministry.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Marrone set up "an opposing ecclesial community" (the Community of St. Peter's) in a vacant warehouse that is not a Catholic church building and is outside of the authority of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland after St. Peter's Parish in Cleveland was closed (it has since been reopened with a new pastor).</li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Simon_Lokodo" title="Simon Lokodo">Simon Lokodo</a>, The Minister for Ethics and Integrity in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, was excommunicated from the Catholic Church by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> when he entered politics in violation of Canon Law 285.3<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li>Fr. Roberto Francisco Daniel, known by local community as "Father Beto", by Bishop Caetano Ferrari, from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bauru" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bauru">Bauru, Brazil</a>. Daniel was excommunicated because he refused a direct order from his bishop to apologize for or retract his statement that love was possible between people of the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">same sex</a>. The priest also said a married person who chose to have an <a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">affair</a>, heterosexual or otherwise, would not be unfaithful as long as that person's spouse allowed it.<a href="#cite_note-Folha-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>Fr Greg Reynolds of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne, Australia">Melbourne, Australia</a> was excommunicated in 2013 for continuing to celebrate Mass when not permitted, advocating <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_doctrine_on_the_ordination_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church doctrine on the ordination of women">the attempted ordination of women</a>, and promoting <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Roman Catholicism">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Jose_Mercau" title="Jose Mercau">Jose Mercau</a> in 2014 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Catholic Church sexual abuse cases</a> scandal.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Hudson" title="Samantha Hudson">Samantha Hudson</a>, a Spanish drag artist, was excommunicated in 2015 by the bishop of Mallorca for a controversial musical video about the oppression the LGBTQ+ community faces due to the Catholic Church. The video was a school project, she was 15 years old at the time.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]</li> <li>Father Alessandro Maria Minutella, a priest in the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Palermo">archdiocese of Palermo</a>, was excommunicated in 2017 by his bishop <a href="/wiki/Corrado_Lorefice" title="Corrado Lorefice">Corrado Lorefice</a> after his denunciation of Pope Francis as a heretic.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li>In February 2018 Fr Ezinwanne Igbo, a Nigerian priest working on the Sunshine Coast of Queensland, Australia, incurred an automatic excommunication for breaking the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church">seal of the confessional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pablo_de_Rojas_S%C3%A1nchez-Franco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pablo de Rojas Sánchez-Franco (page does not exist)">Pablo de Rojas Sánchez-Franco</a>, a man claiming to be bishop, was excommunicated in 2019 by the bishop of Bilbao.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li>On Christmas Eve, 2019, three hermits named Father Stephen de Kerdrel, Sister Colette Roberts and Brother Damon Kelly living in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> were excommunicated after accusing <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> of heresy in an online statement.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Tomislav Vlašić">Tomislav Vlašić</a>, a former director of the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Medjugorje" title="Our Lady of Medjugorje">alleged seers of Our Lady in Medjugorje</a> was excommunicated for holding himself out as a priest and simulating sacraments, after continuing to preach after being laicized for teaching false doctrine, manipulating consciences, disobeying ecclesiastical authority, and of committing acts of sexual misconduct.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li>In August 2020, Fr. Jeremy Leatherby, a priest of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sacramento" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento">Diocese of Sacramento</a>, incurred an automatic excommunication for schism after refusing to recognize the legitimacy of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>, most notably substituting his name with that of his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> and omitting the name of Bishop <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Soto" title="Jaime Soto">Jaime Soto</a> during the Eucharistic Prayer while offering Mass. Bishop Soto announced the excommunication on 7 August.<a href="#cite_note-frleatherby-150">[150]</a></li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Marko_Ivan_Rupnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Marko Ivan Rupnik">Marko Ivan Rupnik</a>, SJ in 2021 for absolution of an accomplice. Later lifted after he sought forgiveness from Pope Francis.</li> <li>Father Ramon Guidetti of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Livorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Livorno">diocese of Livorno</a> was excommunicated by his bishop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simone_Giusti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simone Giusti (page does not exist)">Simone Giusti</a> in January 2024 following a new year's eve address shared online in which he denounced Pope Francis as an anti-pope <a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li>Fr. Michał Woźnicki <a href="/wiki/Salesians_of_Don_Bosco" title="Salesians of Don Bosco">SDB</a> on September 8 2023 for "refusing to recognize the authority of the Roman Pontiff and not remaining in community with members of the Church who recognize his authority".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li>Ten Poor Clares nuns in <a href="/wiki/Belorado" title="Belorado">Belorado</a>, Spain, were excommunicated in June 2024 by the archbishop of Burgos following a property dispute with the Archbishop of Burgos (Mario Iceta).<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li>On July 4, 2024, Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Vigan%C3%B2" title="Carlo Maria Viganò">Carlo Maria Viganò</a>, the Vatican's former apostolic ambassador to the United States, was excommunicated for <a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">schism</a>. The Vatican elaborated: "His public statements manifesting his refusal to recognize and submit to the Supreme Pontiff, his rejection of communion with the members of the Church subject to him, and of the legitimacy and magisterial authority of the Second Vatican Council are well known."<a href="#cite_note-carlo_maria_vigano-154">[154]</a></li> <li>Fr Natale Santonocito, parish priest of the <a href="/wiki/San_Cesareo" title="San Cesareo">San Cesareo</a> Church in the diocese of <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Lazio" title="Tivoli, Lazio">Tivoli</a> was excommunicated for Schism by Monsignor Mauro Parmeggiani, Bishop of Tivoli, for schism on the 28th of January 2025.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> He claimed that Benedict XVI had never resigned and Francis I was thus an illegitimate Anti-Pope, saying 'Bergoglio is not the legitimate Pope and never has been'.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning#In_religion" title="Shunning">Shunning in religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church">List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_executed_in_the_Papal_States" title="List of people executed in the Papal States">List of people executed in the Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_deposing_power" title="Papal deposing power">Papal deposing power</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P54.HTM">Code of Canon Law, canon 1388</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P57.HTM">Code of Canon Law, canon 1398</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P4U.HTM">"Code of Canon Law, canon 1312"</a>. Vatican.va. Retrieved 3 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%2C+canon+1312&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F__P4U.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> "Even those who have joined another religion, have become atheists or agnostics, or have been excommunicated remain Catholics. Excommunicates lose rights, such as the right to the sacraments, but they are still bound to the obligations of the law; their rights are restored when they are reconciled through the remission of the penalty." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKgZEjvB5cEC&q=%22excommunicated+remain%22">New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, ed. by John P. Beal, James A. Coriden, Thomas J. Green, Paulist Press, 2000, p. 63 (commentary on canon 11).</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%205:1–8&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 5:1–8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927125754/http://koinoniatexas.org/2009/11/1-corinthians-5-%E2%80%93-devotional-commentary-church-discipline/">"1 Corinthians 5 – Devotional & Commentary: Church Discipline"</a>. koinoniatexas.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koinoniatexas.org/2009/11/1-corinthians-5-%E2%80%93-devotional-commentary-church-discipline/">the original</a> on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=koinoniatexas.org&rft.atitle=1+Corinthians+5+%E2%80%93+Devotional+%26+Commentary%3A+Church+Discipline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoinoniatexas.org%2F2009%2F11%2F1-corinthians-5-%25E2%2580%2593-devotional-commentary-church-discipline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1+timothy+1:20-1:20&version=nrsvae">"oremus Bible Browser : 1 Timothy 1:20-1:20"</a>. oremus.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oremus.org&rft.atitle=oremus+Bible+Browser+%3A+1+Timothy+1%3A20-1%3A20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbible.oremus.org%2F%3Fpassage%3D1%2Btimothy%2B1%3A20-1%3A20%26version%3Dnrsvae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/felicissimus">"Felicissimus"</a>. www.catholic.com. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.catholic.com&rft.atitle=Felicissimus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Ffelicissimus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChesnut1981" class="citation cs2">Chesnut, Glenn F. (1981), "The Date of Composition of Theodoret's Church history", Vigiliae Christianae, 35 (3): 245–252, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1583142">10.2307/1583142</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1583142">1583142</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vigiliae+Christianae&rft.atitle=The+Date+of+Composition+of+Theodoret%27s+Church+history&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E252&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1583142&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1583142%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Chesnut&rft.aufirst=Glenn+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Attwater-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Attwater_10-0">^</a> Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-051312-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-051312-4">0-14-051312-4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Theodoret-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Theodoret_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/theodoret-ambrose1.asp">"St. Ambrose Humiliates Theodosius the Great"</a>. Internet History Sourcebooks Project.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+History+Sourcebooks+Project&rft.atitle=St.+Ambrose+Humiliates+Theodosius+the+Great&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fancient%2Ftheodoret-ambrose1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04613a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04613a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Pope St. Damasus I, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04613a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04613a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Pope St Damasus I, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> McCASHEN, G. (2023). Liberius, Athanasius and the Roman Synod. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 74(1), 1-17. doi:10.1017/S0022046922000446 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/has-any-pope-been-guilty-of-heresy-1118">https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/has-any-pope-been-guilty-of-heresy-1118</a>, HAS ANY POPE BEEN GUILTY OF HERESY?, EWTN, retrieved April 8th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20070926.html">https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20070926.html</a>, BENEDICT XVI GENERAL AUDIENCE, Saint Peter's Square Wednesday, 26 September 2007, retrieved August 10th 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Robber Council of Ephesus, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_18-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06030b.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06030b.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Pope St. Felix III, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05491a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05491a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Council of Ephesus, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_20-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03555a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03555a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Council of Chalcedon, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_21-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Robber Council of Ephesus, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1102250.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1102250.htm</a>, Letters of St。 Augustine, letter 250 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Rachel Stone, Canon law before canon law: using church canons, 400-900 AD Paper presented to CLANS (Cambridge Late Antiquity Network Seminar), 11 February 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Gregory of Tours, A history of the Franks, Pantianos Classics, 1916 </li> <li id="cite_note-Iona_1995-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iona_1995_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iona_1995_25-1">b</a> Adomnan of Iona, Life of St Columba. Ed. by Richard Sharpe. Penguin Books, Toronto, 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceJ-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceJ_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceJ_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceJ_26-2">c</a> Gregory of Tours. A history of the Franks. Pantianos Classics, 1916 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://thehistorianshut.com/2022/12/01/count-eulalius-of-clermont-ferrand-and-the-tale-of-his-murderous-deeds/">https://thehistorianshut.com/2022/12/01/count-eulalius-of-clermont-ferrand-and-the-tale-of-his-murderous-deeds/</a>, The Historian shut, Count Eulalius Of Clermont-Ferrand And The Tale Of His Murderous Deeds, retrieved August 20th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes, Lexington books. Toronto, 2007. p99 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14570a.htm">"Pope Theodore I"</a>. New Advent. Retrieved 18 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pope+Theodore+I&rft.pub=New+Advent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14570a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrew_J._Ekonomou_2007-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_J._Ekonomou_2007_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_J._Ekonomou_2007_30-1">b</a> Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes, Lexington books. Toronto, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.catholicireland.net/saintoftheday/st-cedd-d-664-bishop-of-the-east-saxons/#:~:text=Cedd%20was%20appointed%20bishop%20of%20the%20East%20Saxons.,and%20forbade%20Christians%20to%20accept%20the%20man%E2%80%99s%20hospitality">https://www.catholicireland.net/saintoftheday/st-cedd-d-664-bishop-of-the-east-saxons/#:~:text=Cedd%20was%20appointed%20bishop%20of%20the%20East%20Saxons.,and%20forbade%20Christians%20to%20accept%20the%20man%E2%80%99s%20hospitality</a>., Oct 26 – St Cedd (d. 664) bishop of the East Saxons, retrieved September 30th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington books, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceD-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_33-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11054a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11054a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Pope St. Nicholas I, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceE-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_34-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12043b.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12043b.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Photius of Constantinople, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07088a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07088a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Günther of Cologne, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and Life in the Tenth Century, (University of Michigan Press, 1988), 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13535a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13535a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: The Eastern Schism, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/speeches/1965/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19651207_common-declaration_en.html">"Catholic-Orthodox Declaration"</a>. Vatican.va. 7 December 1965. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic-Orthodox+Declaration&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft.date=1965-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fpaul_vi%2Fspeeches%2F1965%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_spe_19651207_common-declaration_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnny_H2010" class="citation web cs1">Johnny H (24 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://santlache.blogspot.com/2010/09/pope-in-1066-william-or-harold.html">"1066: The Pope in 1066: William or Harold?"</a>. Santlache.blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1066%3A+The+Pope+in+1066%3A+William+or+Harold%3F&rft.pub=Santlache.blogspot.com&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.au=Johnny+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsantlache.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F09%2Fpope-in-1066-william-or-harold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_40-2">c</a> Lucy Margaret Smith. The Early History of the Monastery of Cluny. Oxford University Press, 1920. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Pope Benedict IX, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1911-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1911_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_1911_42-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01707b.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01707b.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Arialdo, 1911, </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> catholic encyclopedia. Entry: Honorius II </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> catholic encyclopedia, entry Innocent II </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03185a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03185a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Callistus II, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceF-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceF_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceF_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceF_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceF_46-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08013a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08013a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Innocent III, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02391a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02391a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Albert von Behaim, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholicencyclopedia-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholicencyclopedia_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholicencyclopedia_48-1">b</a> catholic encyclopedia, entry Boniface VIII </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12670a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12670a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Raymond VI, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02159a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02159a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Councils of Avignon, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07037a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07037a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Robert Grosseteste, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceG-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceG_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceG_52-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06799a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06799a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry: Gregory XI, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-53"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_53-0">^</a> catholic encyclopedia, entry Urban VI </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15214a.htm">"Pope Bl. Urban V"</a>. Catholic Encyclopedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Pope+Bl.+Urban+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F15214a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannia.com/bios/robertbruce.html">"Biographies of Great Men & Women of England, Wales and Scotland"</a>. britannia.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannia.com&rft.atitle=Biographies+of+Great+Men+%26+Women+of+England%2C+Wales+and+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannia.com%2Fbios%2Frobertbruce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ulsterhistorycircle.org.uk/robert-the-bruce/">"Robert the Bruce"</a>. UlsterHistoryCircle.org. 18 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UlsterHistoryCircle.org&rft.atitle=Robert+the+Bruce&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fulsterhistorycircle.org.uk%2Frobert-the-bruce%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceH-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceH_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceH_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceH_57-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14230a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14230a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Spirituals, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/jerome-prague">"Jerome of Prague" biblicaltraining.org</a> retrieved 31 January 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-MartinTrecc-59"><a href="#cite_ref-MartinTrecc_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/papa-martino-v_(Dizionario-Biografico)">"Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Italiana">Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.atitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fpapa-martino-v_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06031b.htm">"Felix V" newadvent.org</a> retrieved 31 January 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JO-CJZ-cOz8C&dq=%22pierre+Cauchon%22+Pope+Callixtus+III&pg=PA1010">Volume 75 (June 28, 1890) p. 1010</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Tablet" title="The Tablet">The Tablet</a> via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> retrieved 30 December 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwaśniewski2002" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kwaśniewski, Tadeusz (16 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nto.pl/nie-zaplacili-za-ksiecia/ar/3960397">"Nie zapłacili za księcia"</a>. Nowa Trybuna Opolska (in Polish). Retrieved 1 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nowa+Trybuna+Opolska&rft.atitle=Nie+zap%C5%82acili+za+ksi%C4%99cia&rft.date=2002-08-16&rft.aulast=Kwa%C5%9Bniewski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnto.pl%2Fnie-zaplacili-za-ksiecia%2Far%2F3960397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13490a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Girolamo Savonarola"</a>. newadvent.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Girolamo+Savonarola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F13490a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Richard P. Hardy. The Life of St John of the Cross. London, 1982. p79 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohrbach1966" class="citation book cs1">Rohrbach, Peter-Thomas (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5H10f2MUHEwC&q=sega+excommunication+carmelites+discalced&pg=PA198">Journey to Carith: The Sources and Story of the Discalced Carmelites - Peter-Thomas Rohrbach - Google Books</a>. ICS Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780935216455" title="Special:BookSources/9780935216455"><bdi>9780935216455</bdi></a>. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journey+to+Carith%3A+The+Sources+and+Story+of+the+Discalced+Carmelites+-+Peter-Thomas+Rohrbach+-+Google+Books&rft.pub=ICS+Publications&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9780935216455&rft.aulast=Rohrbach&rft.aufirst=Peter-Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5H10f2MUHEwC%26q%3Dsega%2Bexcommunication%2Bcarmelites%2Bdiscalced%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Richard P. Hardy. The Life of St John of the Cross. London, 1982. p61 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062536/http://www.ourgardenofcarmel.org/teresalife.html">"Outline of the Life of St Teresa of Avila"</a>. Ourgardenofcarmel.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourgardenofcarmel.org/teresalife.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outline+of+the+Life+of+St+Teresa+of+Avila&rft.pub=Ourgardenofcarmel.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourgardenofcarmel.org%2Fteresalife.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121164211/http://www.carmelites.net/blog/carmelite-chroniclestrouble-in-avila/">"Carmelite ChroniclesTrouble in Avila"</a>. Order of Carmelites. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carmelites.net/blog/carmelite-chroniclestrouble-in-avila">the original</a> on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2013-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Order+of+Carmelites&rft.atitle=Carmelite+ChroniclesTrouble+in+Avila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carmelites.net%2Fblog%2Fcarmelite-chroniclestrouble-in-avila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03195b.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03195b.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, Entry:Jean Calvin, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2004" class="citation book cs1">Williams, George L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&q=%22Odoardo+Farnese%22+excommunicated&pg=PA106">Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Pope</a>. McFarland. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2071-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2071-5"><bdi>0-7864-2071-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papal+Genealogy%3A+The+Families+and+Descendants+of+the+Pope&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7864-2071-5&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=George+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-mq7ctwMNdoC%26q%3D%2522Odoardo%2BFarnese%2522%2Bexcommunicated%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Gray1987" class="citation cs2">Richard Gray (1987), "The papacy and the Atlantic slave trade: Lourenco da Silva, the capuchins and the decisions of the Holy Office.", Past & Present (115): 52–68, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F115.1.52">10.1093/past/115.1.52</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=The+papacy+and+the+Atlantic+slave+trade%3A+Lourenco+da+Silva%2C+the+capuchins+and+the+decisions+of+the+Holy+Office.&rft.issue=115&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F115.1.52&rft.au=Richard+Gray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15128a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15128a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, entry: Unigenitus, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14434b.htm">newadvent.org/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> E. Hales, "Napoleon and the Pope", (London:1962) pg 114 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memoirshistoryf00gourgoog#page/n336/mode/2up">Apostolic Letters</a>, in the form of a Brief, by which Bonaparte, and all the authors, perpetrators, and abettors of the usurpation of the Kingdom of Rome, and of the other dominions belonging to the Holy See, are declared to be excommunicated. PIUS VII. POPE. Ad perpetuam rei Memoriam </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521021813/https://www.catholictextbookproject.com/this-day-in-history/this-day-in-history-31/">"catholictextbookproject.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholictextbookproject.com/this-day-in-history/this-day-in-history-31/">the original</a> on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=catholictextbookproject.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholictextbookproject.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fthis-day-in-history-31%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1898/10/18/102090989.pdf">"A BISHOP EXCOMMUNICATED.; Decree Against the Rev. S. Kaminski, Independent Polish Church, Buffalo"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. 18 October 1898.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+BISHOP+EXCOMMUNICATED.%3B+Decree+Against+the+Rev.+S.+Kaminski%2C+Independent+Polish+Church%2C+Buffalo&rft.date=1898-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1898%2F10%2F18%2F102090989.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026024620/http://www.pncc.org/who_history.htm">"Polish National Catholic Church: History"</a>. www.pncc.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pncc.org/who_history.htm">the original</a> on 26 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pncc.org&rft.atitle=Polish+National+Catholic+Church%3A+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pncc.org%2Fwho_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.news.yahoo.com/women-called-photo-female-church-064740703.html">"'Women are called': Photo of female church leaders breaks religious stereotypes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a> <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Philippines">Philippines</a>. Coconuts Manila. December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News+Philippines&rft.atitle=%27Women+are+called%27%3A+Photo+of+female+church+leaders+breaks+religious+stereotypes&rft.date=2022-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fph.news.yahoo.com%2Fwomen-called-photo-female-church-064740703.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-philnationalist-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-philnationalist_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-philnationalist_80-1">b</a> POPE ORDERS SHARP ACTION.; Archbishop of Manila Instructed to Excommunicate Philippine National Church Promoters. New York Times. New York, N.Y.: 29 December 1902. pg. 7, 1 pgs. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nun_becomes_first_Australian_saint-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Nun_becomes_first_Australian_saint_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2010/10/20101017144255773848.html">"Nun becomes first Australian saint"</a>. Al Jazeera. 17 October 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Nun+becomes+first+Australian+saint&rft.date=2010-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2Fasia-pacific%2F2010%2F10%2F20101017144255773848.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_Our_Broken_Toil-82"><a href="#cite_ref-From_Our_Broken_Toil_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress1986" class="citation book cs1">Press, Margaret M. (1986). From Our Broken Toil — South Australian Catholics 1836 - 1906. The Catholic Archdiocese of Adelaide. pp. 181–193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949807-35-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-949807-35-4"><bdi>0-949807-35-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Our+Broken+Toil+%E2%80%94+South+Australian+Catholics+1836+-+1906&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E193&rft.pub=The+Catholic+Archdiocese+of+Adelaide&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-949807-35-4&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=Margaret+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/primera/33547.html">"Iglesia quiere "limpiar" a Hidalgo y Morelos"</a>. El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Iglesia+quiere+%22limpiar%22+a+Hidalgo+y+Morelos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchivo.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fprimera%2F33547.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillari1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Villari" title="Luigi Villari">Villari, Luigi</a> (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Victor_Emmanuel_II.">"Victor Emmanuel II." </a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Victor+Emmanuel+II.&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Villari&rft.aufirst=Luigi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2004/09/27/excommunicating-politicians-some-cautionary-tales-history">"Excommunicating Politicians: Some cautionary tales from history"</a>. America Magazine. 2004-09-27. Retrieved 2023-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=America+Magazine&rft.atitle=Excommunicating+Politicians%3A+Some+cautionary+tales+from+history&rft.date=2004-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Ffaith%2F2004%2F09%2F27%2Fexcommunicating-politicians-some-cautionary-tales-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugé1898" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Augé, Claude, ed. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/nouveaularoussei05laro#page/777/mode/1up">"Loyson, Charles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_Larousse_illustr%C3%A9" title="Nouveau Larousse illustré">Nouveau Larousse illustré</a> (in French). Vol. 5. Paris: Éditions Larousse. p. 777.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Loyson%2C+Charles&rft.btitle=Nouveau+Larousse+illustr%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=777&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Larousse&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnouveaularoussei05laro%23page%2F777%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcolombiano.com/BancoConocimiento/D/de_vargas_vila_ni_paz_en_su_tumba/de_vargas_vila_ni_paz_en_su_tumba.asp">"De Vargas Vila, ni paz en su tumba"</a>. El Colombiano. 9 October 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+Vargas+Vila%2C+ni+paz+en+su+tumba&rft.pub=El+Colombiano&rft.date=2010-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcolombiano.com%2FBancoConocimiento%2FD%2Fde_vargas_vila_ni_paz_en_su_tumba%2Fde_vargas_vila_ni_paz_en_su_tumba.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1993" class="citation book cs1">White, Andrew Dickson (1993). A history of the warfare of science with theology in Christendom (2 Volume Set). Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0879758260" title="Special:BookSources/0879758260"><bdi>0879758260</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+warfare+of+science+with+theology+in+Christendom+%282+Volume+Set%29&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0879758260&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Dickson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05094a.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05094a.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, entry:Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceI-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceI_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceI_90-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11235b.htm">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11235b.htm</a>, Catholic Encyclopedia, entry:Old Catholics, 1911 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterkiewicz1975" class="citation book cs1">Peterkiewicz, Jerzy (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdadam00jerz">The third Adam</a>. London: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdadam00jerz/page/37">37</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192121981" title="Special:BookSources/9780192121981"><bdi>9780192121981</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+third+Adam&rft.place=London&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780192121981&rft.aulast=Peterkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdadam00jerz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Reid, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americancatholic29philuoft#page/550/mode/2uphttp://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04491c.htm">"Higher Biblical Criticism,"</a> The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 4 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908). </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1909/03/23/archives/priest-excommunicated-father-murri-leader-of-italian-catholic.html">"PRIEST EXCOMMUNICATED.; Father Murri, Leader of Italian Catholic Democrats, Cut Off by Church"</a>. The New York Times. 23 March 1909. Retrieved 8 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=PRIEST+EXCOMMUNICATED.%3B+Father+Murri%2C+Leader+of+Italian+Catholic+Democrats%2C+Cut+Off+by+Church&rft.date=1909-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1909%2F03%2F23%2Farchives%2Fpriest-excommunicated-father-murri-leader-of-italian-catholic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Mitja Velikonja. Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Texas A&M University Press, 2003. (p. 198) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10248452/">"Self-styled 'Pope' dies in France"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Chicago, IL. Reuters. 24 June 1974. Retrieved 13 April 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Self-styled+%27Pope%27+dies+in+France&rft.date=1974-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F10248452%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Holy_See" class="citation web cs1">The Holy See. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-45-1953-ocr.pdf">"ACTA APOSTOLICAE SEDIS COMMENTARIUM OFFICIALE ANNUS XXXX V - SERIES II - VOL. XX"</a> (PDF). vatican.va.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=ACTA+APOSTOLICAE+SEDIS+COMMENTARIUM+OFFICIALE+ANNUS+XXXX+V+-+SERIES+II+-+VOL.+XX&rft.au=The+Holy+See&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Faas%2Fdocuments%2FAAS-45-1953-ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Most-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Most_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Most_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMost" class="citation web cs1">Most, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/tragic-errors-of-leonard-feeney-12314">"Tragic Errors of Leonard Feeney"</a>. EWTN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN&rft.atitle=Tragic+Errors+of+Leonard+Feeney&rft.aulast=Most&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Ftragic-errors-of-leonard-feeney-12314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029030436/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571996/Juan_Peron.html">Juan Peron - MSN Encarta</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571996/Juan_Peron.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juan+Peron+-+MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761571996%2FJuan_Peron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/Peron-Ju_EarlyCareerandFirstPresidency.asp">Juan Domingo Perón – Encyclopedia.com</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/12326490/">newspapers.com</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.nytimes.com/1972/11/16/archives/peron-is-rebuffed-in-attempt-to-see-pope.html">nytimes.com</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2019-02/editorial-tornielli-pastoral-duties-of-chinese-bishops.html">https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2019-02/editorial-tornielli-pastoral-duties-of-chinese-bishops.html</a>, Vatican News, Pastoral duties of the Chinese bishops received in communion by the Pope, retrieved July 6th 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loyno.edu/~history/journal/1993-4/Smestad.html">"The Role of Archbishop Joseph F"</a>. Loyno.edu. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+Archbishop+Joseph+F&rft.pub=Loyno.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loyno.edu%2F~history%2Fjournal%2F1993-4%2FSmestad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19760917_illegitimas-ordinationes_en.html">https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19760917_illegitimas-ordinationes_en.html</a>, SACRED CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH DECREE concerning certain unlawful priestly and episcopal ordinations, retrieved July 6th 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/CBISLEFB.HTM">"Office of Congregation for Bishops - Excommunication"</a>. ewtn.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ewtn.com&rft.atitle=Office+of+Congregation+for+Bishops+-+Excommunication&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FCURIA%2FCBISLEFB.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_commissions/ecclsdei/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html">"Apostolic Letter "Ecclesia Dei""</a>. Vatican.va. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apostolic+Letter+%22Ecclesia+Dei%22&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fpontifical_commissions%2Fecclsdei%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190117174218/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/03/19/bishop-williamson-is-excommunicated-after-illicitly-ordaining-a-bishop/">"Bishop Williamson is excommunicated after illicitly ordaining a bishop | Catholic Herald"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/03/19/bishop-williamson-is-excommunicated-after-illicitly-ordaining-a-bishop/">the original</a> on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bishop+Williamson+is+excommunicated+after+illicitly+ordaining+a+bishop+%26%23124%3B+Catholic+Herald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicherald.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2015%2F03%2F19%2Fbishop-williamson-is-excommunicated-after-illicitly-ordaining-a-bishop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CTA-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CTA_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CTA_108-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=48072">"Vatican confirms excommunication for US dissident group"</a> Catholic World News (7 December 2006) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoewe2018" class="citation news cs1">Roewe, Brian (17 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/parish/lincoln-bishop-offers-way-lift-excommunication-call-action-members">"Lincoln bishop offers way to lift excommunication of Call to Action members"</a>. National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 25 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lincoln+bishop+offers+way+to+lift+excommunication+of+Call+to+Action+members&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Roewe&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Fparish%2Flincoln-bishop-offers-way-lift-excommunication-call-action-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Sullivan1998-06-15-110"><a href="#cite_ref-O'Sullivan1998-06-15_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan1998" class="citation news cs1">O'Sullivan, Roddy (15 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/excommunication-follows-after-priest-is-made-a-bishop-1.163077">"Excommunication follows after priest is made a bishop"</a>. irishtimes.com. Dublin: The Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328050415/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/excommunication-follows-after-priest-is-made-a-bishop-1.163077">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=irishtimes.com&rft.atitle=Excommunication+follows+after+priest+is+made+a+bishop&rft.date=1998-06-15&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Roddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fexcommunication-follows-after-priest-is-made-a-bishop-1.163077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Zhan-Silu,-a-bishop-against-everything-and-against-everyone-6170.html">https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Zhan-Silu,-a-bishop-against-everything-and-against-everyone-6170.html</a>, Asia News, Zhan Silu, a bishop against everything and against everyone, retrieved July 6th 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatzinger2002" class="citation news cs1">Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal (5 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20020805_decreto-scomunica_en.html">"Decree of Excommunication"</a>. www.vatican.va. <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Decree+of+Excommunication&rft.date=2002-08-05&rft.aulast=Ratzinger&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Cardinal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_20020805_decreto-scomunica_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/vatican-excommunicates-chinese-bishops-1.605996">https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/vatican-excommunicates-chinese-bishops-1.605996</a>, Vatican excommunicates Chinese bishops, CBC, retrieved January 8th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/10381/army-of-mary-excommunicated-by-the-vatican">"Army of Mary excommunicated by the Vatican"</a>. Catholic News Agency.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Army+of+Mary+excommunicated+by+the+Vatican&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F10381%2Farmy-of-mary-excommunicated-by-the-vatican&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219235314/http://www.diocesephoenix.org/main.html">"The Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix"</a>. diocesephoenix.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diocesephoenix.org/main.html">the original</a> on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=diocesephoenix.org&rft.atitle=The+Roman+Catholic+Diocese+of+Phoenix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diocesephoenix.org%2Fmain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-STLArchD1-116"><a href="#cite_ref-STLArchD1_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archstl.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=848&Itemid=1">"Archdiocese of St. Louis - Marek Bozek Dismissed from the Clerical State"</a>. Retrieved 14 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archdiocese+of+St.+Louis+-+Marek+Bozek+Dismissed+from+the+Clerical+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archstl.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D848%26Itemid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2009" class="citation news cs1">Duffy, Gary (5 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7926694.stm">"Rape row sparks excommunications"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Rape+row+sparks+excommunications&rft.date=2009-03-05&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7926694.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7930380.stm">"Vatican backs abortion row bishop"</a>. BBC News. 7 March 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Vatican+backs+abortion+row+bishop&rft.date=2009-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F7930380.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunes_Leal2009" class="citation news cs1">Nunes Leal, Luciana (13 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223153757/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso%2Ccnbb-desautoriza-iniciativa-de-bispo%2C338133%2C0.htm">"CNBB desautoriza iniciativa de bispo"</a>. O Estadão de S.Paulo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,cnbb-desautoriza-iniciativa-de-bispo,338133,0.htm">the original</a> on 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=O+Estad%C3%A3o+de+S.Paulo&rft.atitle=CNBB+desautoriza+iniciativa+de+bispo&rft.date=2009-03-13&rft.aulast=Nunes+Leal&rft.aufirst=Luciana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estadao.com.br%2Fnoticias%2Fimpresso%2Ccnbb-desautoriza-iniciativa-de-bispo%2C338133%2C0.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/or/or_quo/commenti/2009/062q01b1.html">L'Osservatore Romano: "Dalla parte della bambina brasiliana"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316160505/http://www.zenit.org/article-20441?l=french">"Mgr di FALCO, évêque de Gap, sur l'excommunication au Brésil"</a>. ZENIT - Le monde vu de Rome. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/article-20441?l=french">the original</a> on 16 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZENIT+-+Le+monde+vu+de+Rome&rft.atitle=Mgr+di+FALCO%2C+%C3%A9v%C3%AAque+de+Gap%2C+sur+l%27excommunication+au+Br%C3%A9sil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenit.org%2Farticle-20441%3Fl%3Dfrench&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McBride-122"><a href="#cite_ref-McBride_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClancy2010" class="citation news cs1">Clancy, Michael (19 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625070920/http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2010/05/15/20100515phoenix-catholic-nun-abortion.html">"Nun at St. Joseph's Hospital rebuked over abortion to save woman"</a>. Arizona Republic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2010/05/15/20100515phoenix-catholic-nun-abortion.html">the original</a> on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=Nun+at+St.+Joseph%27s+Hospital+rebuked+over+abortion+to+save+woman&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azcentral.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2010%2F05%2F15%2F20100515phoenix-catholic-nun-abortion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/21480/vatican-rebukes-china-for-conducting-bishop-ordination">https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/21480/vatican-rebukes-china-for-conducting-bishop-ordination</a>, Catholic News Agency, Vatican rebukes China for conducting bishop ordination, retrieved July 6th 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/22969/chinese-bishop-faces-excommunication-following-unapproved-ordination">https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/22969/chinese-bishop-faces-excommunication-following-unapproved-ordination</a>, Chinese bishop faces excommunication following unapproved ordination, Catholic News Agency, retrieved January 8th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Propaganda-Fide-and-Fr-Lei-Shiyin%e2%80%99s-excommunication-22081.html">https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Propaganda-Fide-and-Fr-Lei-Shiyin%e2%80%99s-excommunication-22081.html</a>, Propaganda Fide and Fr Lei Shiyin’s excommunication, Asia News, retrieved January 8th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021084944/http://www.elobservador.com.uy/noticia/235124/iglesia-dice-que-legisladores-que-votaron-despenalizacion-quedan-excomulgados/">"Iglesia dice que legisladores que votaron despenalización quedan excomulgados"</a>. <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Observador_(Uruguay)" class="extiw" title="es:El Observador (Uruguay)">El Observador</a>. 18 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elobservador.com.uy/noticia/235124/iglesia-dice-que-legisladores-que-votaron-despenalizacion-quedan-excomulgados/">the original</a> on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iglesia+dice+que+legisladores+que+votaron+despenalizaci%C3%B3n+quedan+excomulgados&rft.pub=El+Observador&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elobservador.com.uy%2Fnoticia%2F235124%2Figlesia-dice-que-legisladores-que-votaron-despenalizacion-quedan-excomulgados%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpais.com.uy/121018/ultmo-670522/ultimomomento/iglesia-catolica-excomulgo-a-quienes-incentivaron-la-despenalizacion-del-aborto/">"Iglesia Católica excomulgó a quienes incentivaron la despenalización del aborto"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. 18 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iglesia+Cat%C3%B3lica+excomulg%C3%B3+a+quienes+incentivaron+la+despenalizaci%C3%B3n+del+aborto&rft.pub=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elpais.com.uy%2F121018%2Fultmo-670522%2Fultimomomento%2Figlesia-catolica-excomulgo-a-quienes-incentivaron-la-despenalizacion-del-aborto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urgente24.com/206187-la-iglesia-toma-la-1er-medida-tras-la-despenalizacion-del-aborto">"1er medida de la Iglesia tras la despenalización del aborto"</a> (in Spanish). Urgente24. 18 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1er+medida+de+la+Iglesia+tras+la+despenalizaci%C3%B3n+del+aborto&rft.pub=Urgente24&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urgente24.com%2F206187-la-iglesia-toma-la-1er-medida-tras-la-despenalizacion-del-aborto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/25928/uruguay-bishops-clarify-statement-on-excommunication-of-lawmakers-favoring-abortion">"Uruguay bishops clarify statement on excommunication of lawmakers favoring abortion :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)"</a>. Catholic News Agency. 24 October 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uruguay+bishops+clarify+statement+on+excommunication+of+lawmakers+favoring+abortion+%3A%3A+Catholic+News+Agency+%28CNA%29&rft.pub=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.date=2012-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F25928%2Furuguay-bishops-clarify-statement-on-excommunication-of-lawmakers-favoring-abortion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodstein2012" class="citation news cs1">Goodstein, Laurie (20 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/21/us/religion-priest-excommunicated-for-ordaining-a-woman.html">"Religion: Priest Excommunicated for Ordaining a Woman"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Religion%3A+Priest+Excommunicated+for+Ordaining+a+Woman&rft.date=2012-11-20&rft.aulast=Goodstein&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F11%2F21%2Fus%2Freligion-priest-excommunicated-for-ordaining-a-woman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2012/07/10/vatican-rev-yue-fusheng-has-automatically-incurred-latae-sententiae-excommunication/">https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2012/07/10/vatican-rev-yue-fusheng-has-automatically-incurred-latae-sententiae-excommunication/</a>, Vatican: Rev. Yue Fusheng “has automatically incurred” latae sententiae excommunication, The Catholic World Report, retrieved January 8th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2013/03/bishop_richard_lennon_excommun.html">"Bishop Richard Lennon excommunicates the Rev. Robert Marrone"</a>. cleveland.com. 6 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cleveland.com&rft.atitle=Bishop+Richard+Lennon+excommunicates+the+Rev.+Robert+Marrone&rft.date=2013-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fmetro%2Findex.ssf%2F2013%2F03%2Fbishop_richard_lennon_excommun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clericalwhispers.blogspot.se/2011/08/pope-fires-fr-lokodo-from-priesthood.html">"Clerical Whispers: Pope fires Fr. Lokodo from priesthood"</a>. Clericalwhispers.blogspot.se. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clerical+Whispers%3A+Pope+fires+Fr.+Lokodo+from+priesthood&rft.pub=Clericalwhispers.blogspot.se&rft.date=2011-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclericalwhispers.blogspot.se%2F2011%2F08%2Fpope-fires-fr-lokodo-from-priesthood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__PY.HTM">Canon 285.3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.ug/cover-story/7608-catholic-church-leadership-on-trial#sthash.16vLWlGb.vFzglUTW.dpuf">"Catholic Church leadership on trial"</a>. Independent.co.ug. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Church+leadership+on+trial&rft.pub=Independent.co.ug&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.ug%2Fcover-story%2F7608-catholic-church-leadership-on-trial%23sthash.16vLWlGb.vFzglUTW.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Folha-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Folha_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2013/04/1271149-padre-que-defende-homossexuais-diz-estar-honrado-apos-excomunhao.shtml">"Padre que defende homossexuais diz estar "honrado" após excomunhão"</a>. uol.com.br.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uol.com.br&rft.atitle=Padre+que+defende+homossexuais+diz+estar+%22honrado%22+ap%C3%B3s+excomunh%C3%A3o&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Fcotidiano%2F2013%2F04%2F1271149-padre-que-defende-homossexuais-diz-estar-honrado-apos-excomunhao.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/saopaulo/1271090-priest-excommunicated-for-defending-gay-rights-in-the-interior-of-sao-paulo.shtml">"English translation of the reference named "Folha""</a>. uol.com.br.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uol.com.br&rft.atitle=English+translation+of+the+reference+named+%22Folha%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Finternacional%2Fen%2Fsaopaulo%2F1271090-priest-excommunicated-for-defending-gay-rights-in-the-interior-of-sao-paulo.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730201427/http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ZA6B4pwHY8s">Fidelidade, Bissexualidade e a Igreja</a>. YouTube. 17 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZA6B4pwHY8s">the original</a> on 30 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fidelidade%2C+Bissexualidade+e+a+Igreja&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZA6B4pwHY8s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925220010/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/timstanley/100237450/pope-francis-excommunicates-pro-gay-marriage-priest-hes-not-the-liberal-the-media-thinks/">"Pope Francis excommunicates pro-gay marriage priest. He's not the liberal the media wants"</a>. News - Telegraph Blogs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/timstanley/100237450/pope-francis-excommunicates-pro-gay-marriage-priest-hes-not-the-liberal-the-media-thinks">the original</a> on 25 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+-+Telegraph+Blogs&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+excommunicates+pro-gay+marriage+priest.+He%27s+not+the+liberal+the+media+wants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftimstanley%2F100237450%2Fpope-francis-excommunicates-pro-gay-marriage-priest-hes-not-the-liberal-the-media-thinks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalatrava2014" class="citation web cs1">Calatrava, Almudena (9 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109230706/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/09/pope-francis-excommunicate-priest_n_6122766.html">"Pope Francis excommunicates pedophile Argentine priest"</a>. The Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/09/pope-francis-excommunicate-priest_n_6122766.html">the original</a> on 9 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+excommunicates+pedophile+Argentine+priest&rft.date=2014-11-09&rft.aulast=Calatrava&rft.aufirst=Almudena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F11%2F09%2Fpope-francis-excommunicate-priest_n_6122766.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928172728/http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2014/11/06/pope-defrocks-argentine-priest-on-sexual-abuse-charges/">"Pope defrocks Argentine priest on sexual abuse charges"</a>. cruxnow.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2014/11/06/pope-defrocks-argentine-priest-on-sexual-abuse-charges/">the original</a> on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2015-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cruxnow.com&rft.atitle=Pope+defrocks+Argentine+priest+on+sexual+abuse+charges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruxnow.com%2Fchurch%2F2014%2F11%2F06%2Fpope-defrocks-argentine-priest-on-sexual-abuse-charges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mW5Vtxiwxc">"La respuesta de Samantha Hudson a los que quisieron expedientarla por su defensa del colectivo LGTBI"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=La+respuesta+de+Samantha+Hudson+a+los+que+quisieron+expedientarla+por+su+defensa+del+colectivo+LGTBI&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9mW5Vtxiwxc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XdKC2OXI48">"Soy Maricón"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Soy+Maric%C3%B3n&rft.date=2016-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7XdKC2OXI48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.laopiniondezamora.es/vida-y-estilo/gente/2021/10/14/samantha-hudson-polemica-artista-excomulgada-58368935.html">https://www.laopiniondezamora.es/vida-y-estilo/gente/2021/10/14/samantha-hudson-polemica-artista-excomulgada-58368935.html</a>, ¿Quién es Samantha Hudson? La polémica artista de abuelos zamoranos que fue excomulgada, La Opinion, retrieved January 9th 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cruxnow.com/news-analysis/2020/07/meet-the-don-quixote-of-the-anti-francis-resistance">https://cruxnow.com/news-analysis/2020/07/meet-the-don-quixote-of-the-anti-francis-resistance</a>, Meet the Don Quixote of the anti-Francis ‘resistance’, Crux, retrieved January 3rd 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.ng/2018/02/pope-excommunicates-father-ezinwanne-igbo-breaching-confession-secrecy/">"Pope excommunicates Father Ezinwanne Igbo for breaching confession secrecy"</a>. Chronicle.ng. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chronicle.ng&rft.atitle=Pope+excommunicates+Father+Ezinwanne+Igbo+for+breaching+confession+secrecy&rft.date=2018-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.ng%2F2018%2F02%2Fpope-excommunicates-father-ezinwanne-igbo-breaching-confession-secrecy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telecinco.es/noticias/sociedad/20240514/obispo-excomulgado-religioso-monjas-belorado-pablo-de-roja-sanchez-franco_18_012484924.html">"Pablo de Rojas Sánchez-Franco, el obispo excomulgado: quién es este religioso en el que confían las monjas de Belorado"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Telecinco" title="Telecinco">Telecinco</a>. <a href="/wiki/EFE" title="EFE">Agencia EFE</a>. 14 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telecinco&rft.atitle=Pablo+de+Rojas+S%C3%A1nchez-Franco%2C+el+obispo+excomulgado%3A+qui%C3%A9n+es+este+religioso+en+el+que+conf%C3%ADan+las+monjas+de+Belorado&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telecinco.es%2Fnoticias%2Fsociedad%2F20240514%2Fobispo-excomulgado-religioso-monjas-belorado-pablo-de-roja-sanchez-franco_18_012484924.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-51027744">"Orkney hermits excommunicated for calling Pope a 'heretic'"</a>. BBC. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Orkney+hermits+excommunicated+for+calling+Pope+a+%27heretic%27&rft.date=2020-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-51027744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/46342/former-spiritual-director-of-medjugorje-visionaries-excommunicated">"Tomislav Vlasic, former spiritual director of 'Medjugorje visionaries' excommunicated"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomislav+Vlasic%2C+former+spiritual+director+of+%27Medjugorje+visionaries%27+excommunicated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F46342%2Fformer-spiritual-director-of-medjugorje-visionaries-excommunicated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-frleatherby-150"><a href="#cite_ref-frleatherby_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoto2020" class="citation news cs1">Soto, Jaime (7 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scd.org/news/letter-faithful-regarding-fr-jeremy-leatherby">"Letter to the Faithful regarding Fr. Jeremy Leatherby"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sacramento" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento">Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento</a>. Retrieved 7 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Letter+to+the+Faithful+regarding+Fr.+Jeremy+Leatherby&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft.aulast=Soto&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scd.org%2Fnews%2Fletter-faithful-regarding-fr-jeremy-leatherby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/03/italian-priest-struck-off-for-calling-francis-an-anti-pope-usurper">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/03/italian-priest-struck-off-for-calling-francis-an-anti-pope-usurper</a>, Italian priest struck off for calling Francis an ‘anti-pope usurper’, The Guardian, retrieved January 3rd 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wroclaw.salezjanie.pl/2023/12/wydalenie-ks-michala-woznickiego-ze-stanu-duchownego/">https://wroclaw.salezjanie.pl/2023/12/wydalenie-ks-michala-woznickiego-ze-stanu-duchownego/</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaundler2024" class="citation news cs1">Chaundler, Rachel (10 December 2024). "These Nuns Were Excommunicated but Won't Leave Their Convents". <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=These+Nuns+Were+Excommunicated+but+Won%E2%80%99t+Leave+Their+Convents&rft.date=2024-12-10&rft.aulast=Chaundler&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-carlo_maria_vigano-154"><a href="#cite_ref-carlo_maria_vigano_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2024-07/vigano-excommunicated-for-schism.html">"Viganò excommunicated for schism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a>. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vigan%C3%B2+excommunicated+for+schism&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fvatican-city%2Fnews%2F2024-07%2Fvigano-excommunicated-for-schism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenna2025" class="citation web cs1">McKenna, Josephine (30 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/01/30/italy-priest-excommunicated-catholic-church-francis-pope/">"Italian priest excommunicated for saying Francis is 'not the Pope'"</a>. The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Italian+priest+excommunicated+for+saying+Francis+is+%E2%80%98not+the+Pope%E2%80%99&rft.date=2025-01-30&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2025%2F01%2F30%2Fitaly-priest-excommunicated-catholic-church-francis-pope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fromrome.info/2025/01/30/italy-bishop-of-palestrina-excommunicates-don-santonocito-for-saying-bergoglio-is-not-the-pope/">"ITALY: Bishop of Palestrina "excommunicates" Don Santonocito for saying "Bergoglio is not the Pope""</a>. From Rome. 30 January 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=From+Rome&rft.atitle=ITALY%3A+Bishop+of+Palestrina+%E2%80%9Cexcommunicates%E2%80%9D+Don+Santonocito+for+saying+%E2%80%9CBergoglio+is+not+the+Pope%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2025-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fromrome.info%2F2025%2F01%2F30%2Fitaly-bishop-of-palestrina-excommunicates-don-santonocito-for-saying-bergoglio-is-not-the-pope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+people+excommunicated+by+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_excommunicated_by_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church">People excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&oldid=1275230380">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&oldid=1275230380</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church">People excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:Lists of Roman Catholics">Lists of Roman Catholics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">CS1 maint: url-status</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dynamic_lists" title="Category:Dynamic lists">Dynamic lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_December_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_September_2022" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from September 2022">Articles to be expanded from September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from December 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 February 2025, at 20:40 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 4 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5446f9ddb-xf99h","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.299","walltime":"1.488","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7799,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":217682,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6527,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":329352,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1162.144 1 -total"," 55.47% 644.636 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.12% 350.000 50 Template:Cite_web"," 12.03% 139.793 1 Template:Canon_law"," 11.60% 134.829 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.17% 94.933 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.89% 91.669 17 Template:Cite_news"," 4.48% 52.031 6 Template:Fix"," 4.43% 51.434 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.16% 48.310 1 Template:Missing_information"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.705","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8233842,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-74d7b686d8-gvrs4","timestamp":"20250224194949","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q834929","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q834929","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-04T06:25:38Z","dateModified":"2025-02-11T20:40:42Z","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>