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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of autonomous communities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_autonomous_communities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of autonomous communities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_autonomous_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Autonomous_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomous_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Autonomous cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomous_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitution_of_1978" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitution_of_1978"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Constitution of 1978</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitution_of_1978-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomic_pacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomic_pacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Autonomic pacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomic_pacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_state_of_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_state_of_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Current state of affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_state_of_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movement_for_further_autonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement_for_further_autonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Movement for further autonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Movement_for_further_autonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Movement for further autonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Movement_for_further_autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basque_Country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basque_Country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Basque Country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basque_Country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catalonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Catalonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catalan_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalan_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Catalan independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalan_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_rearrangements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_rearrangements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Possible rearrangements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_rearrangements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_and_statutory_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_and_statutory_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Constitutional and statutory framework</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Constitutional_and_statutory_framework-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Constitutional and statutory framework subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_and_statutory_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Statute_of_Autonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Statute_of_Autonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>The Statute of Autonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Statute_of_Autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutional_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutional_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Institutional organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutional_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Legal powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Degree_of_financial_autonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Degree_of_financial_autonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Degree of financial autonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Degree_of_financial_autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spending" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spending"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Spending</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spending-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistic_regimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_regimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Linguistic regimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_regimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers_exercised_by_the_autonomous_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers_exercised_by_the_autonomous_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Powers exercised by the autonomous governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers_exercised_by_the_autonomous_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Translation_of_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation_of_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Translation of terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation_of_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Autonomous communities of Spain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanja_jie%C5%A1hald%C3%A2%C5%A1emku%C3%A1vluh" title="Espanja jiešhaldâšemkuávluh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Espanja jiešhaldâšemkuávluh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="مناطق إسبانيا ذات الحكم الذاتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مناطق إسبانيا ذات الحكم الذاتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidat_autonoma" title="Comunidat autonoma – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Comunidat autonoma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunid%C3%A1_aut%C3%B3noma" title="Comunidá autónoma – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Comunidá autónoma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniyan%C4%B1n_muxtar_birlikl%C9%99ri" title="İspaniyanın muxtar birlikləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İspaniyanın muxtar birlikləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="স্পেনের স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পেনের স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB-t%C4%AB_si%C4%81-l%C3%AD" title="Chū-tī siā-lí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chū-tī siā-lí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Аўтаномныя супольнасці Іспаніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўтаномныя супольнасці Іспаніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Аўтаномныя супольнасьці Гішпаніі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўтаномныя супольнасьці Гішпаніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Автономни области в Испания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Автономни области в Испания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panske_autonomne_zajednice" title="Španske autonomne zajednice – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Španske autonomne zajednice" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumuniezhio%C3%B9_emren_Spagn" title="Kumuniezhioù emren Spagn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kumuniezhioù emren Spagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Испаниин можонууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Испаниин можонууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunitat_aut%C3%B2noma" title="Comunitat autònoma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comunitat autònoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrativn%C3%AD_d%C4%9Blen%C3%AD_%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blska" title="Administrativní dělení Španělska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Administrativní dělení Španělska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymunedau_ymreolaethol_Sbaen" title="Cymunedau ymreolaethol Sbaen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymunedau ymreolaethol Sbaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniens_autonome_regioner" title="Spaniens autonome regioner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spaniens autonome regioner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonome_Gemeinschaften_Spaniens" title="Autonome Gemeinschaften Spaniens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Autonome Gemeinschaften Spaniens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αυτόνομες κοινότητες της Ισπανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτόνομες κοινότητες της Ισπανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidad_aut%C3%B3noma" title="Comunidad autónoma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comunidad autónoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADtonoma_Komunumo_de_Hispanio" title="Aŭtonoma Komunumo de Hispanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭtonoma Komunumo de Hispanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunid%C3%A1_ut%C3%B3noma" title="Comunidá utónoma – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Comunidá utónoma" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomia_erkidego" title="Autonomia erkidego – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Autonomia erkidego" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بخش‌های خودمختار اسپانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بخش‌های خودمختار اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9s_autonomes_d%27Espagne" title="Communautés autonomes d'Espagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Communautés autonomes d'Espagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanske_autonome_mienskippen" title="Spaanske autonome mienskippen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spaanske autonome mienskippen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhphobail_fh%C3%A9inrialaitheacha_na_Sp%C3%A1inne" title="Comhphobail fhéinrialaitheacha na Spáinne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhphobail fhéinrialaitheacha na Spáinne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimhearsnachd_f%C3%A8in-riaghlaidh" title="Coimhearsnachd fèin-riaghlaidh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coimhearsnachd fèin-riaghlaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidade_aut%C3%B3noma" title="Comunidade autónoma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comunidade autónoma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%97%AD%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC" title="스페인의 광역자치주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인의 광역자치주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="स्पेनी स्वायत्त समुदाय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्पेनी स्वायत्त समुदाय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panjolske_autonomne_zajednice" title="Španjolske autonomne zajednice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Španjolske autonomne zajednice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonoma_regiono" title="Autonoma regiono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Autonoma regiono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas_otonom_di_Spanyol" title="Komunitas otonom di Spanyol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komunitas otonom di Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communitates_autonome_de_Espania" title="Communitates autonome de Espania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Communitates autonome de Espania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C3%A0_autonome_della_Spagna" title="Comunità autonome della Spagna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comunità autonome della Spagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93" title="קהילות אוטונומיות של ספרד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קהילות אוטונומיות של ספרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_otonomi_Spanyol" title="Wilayah otonomi Spanyol – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wilayah otonomi Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთის ავტონომიური გაერთიანებები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპანეთის ავტონომიური გაერთიანებები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Испания әкімшілік бөлінісі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Испания әкімшілік бөлінісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%AAm%C3%AAn_xweser_%C3%AAn_Spanyay%C3%AA" title="Herêmên xweser ên Spanyayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Herêmên xweser ên Spanyayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumuniteies_autonomes_de_la_Spania" title="Cumuniteies autonomes de la Spania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cumuniteies autonomes de la Spania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunidad_otonoma" title="Komunidad otonoma – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Komunidad otonoma" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communitas_autonoma" title="Communitas autonoma – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Communitas autonoma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%81nijas_autonomie_apgabali" title="Spānijas autonomie apgabali – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spānijas autonomie apgabali" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonom_Gemeinschafte_vu_Spuenien" title="Autonom Gemeinschafte vu Spuenien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Autonom Gemeinschafte vu Spuenien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Испаниядин административ паюн – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Испаниядин административ паюн" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanijos_autonominiai_regionai" title="Ispanijos autonominiai regionai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ispanijos autonominiai regionai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C3%A6_out%C3%B2nome_da_Sp%C3%A0gna" title="Comunitæ outònome da Spàgna – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Comunitæ outònome da Spàgna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C3%A0_Autonoma_(Spagna)" title="Comunità Autonoma (Spagna) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Comunità Autonoma (Spagna)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Автономни заедници во Шпанија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Автономни заедници во Шпанија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="स्पेनचे स्वायत्त संघ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्पेनचे स्वायत्त संघ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთიშ ავტონომიური გოართოიანაფეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპანეთიშ ავტონომიური გოართოიანაფეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اقاليم اسبانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اقاليم اسبانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuniti_berautonomi_di_Sepanyol" title="Komuniti berautonomi di Sepanyol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komuniti berautonomi di Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Испанийн өөртөө засах нийгэмлэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Испанийн өөртөө засах нийгэмлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonome_gemeenschappen_van_Spanje" title="Autonome gemeenschappen van Spanje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Autonome gemeenschappen van Spanje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%BB" title="スペインの地方行政区画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペインの地方行政区画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanias_autonome_regioner" title="Spanias autonome regioner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spanias autonome regioner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonome_regionar_i_Spania" title="Autonome regionar i Spania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Autonome regionar i Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomi_komunie" title="Autonomi komunie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Autonomi komunie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunautat_auton%C3%B2ma_d%27Espanha" title="Comunautat autonòma d'Espanha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comunautat autonòma d'Espanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaniya_avtonomiyalari" title="Ispaniya avtonomiyalari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ispaniya avtonomiyalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wsp%C3%B3lnoty_autonomiczne_Hiszpanii" title="Wspólnoty autonomiczne Hiszpanii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wspólnoty autonomiczne Hiszpanii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_da_Espanha" title="Comunidades autónomas da Espanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunidades autónomas da Espanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C4%83%C8%9Bile_autonome_ale_Spaniei" title="Comunitățile autonome ale Spaniei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comunitățile autonome ale Spaniei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Автономное сообщество (Испания) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Автономное сообщество (Испания)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidades_aut%C3%B2nomas_de_s%27Ispagna" title="Comunidades autònomas de s'Ispagna – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Comunidades autònomas de s'Ispagna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_commonties_o_Spain" title="Autonomous commonties o Spain – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Autonomous commonties o Spain" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitetet_autonome_t%C3%AB_Spanj%C3%ABs" title="Komunitetet autonome të Spanjës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Komunitetet autonome të Spanjës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumunitati_autonumi_di_Spagna" title="Cumunitati autonumi di Spagna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cumunitati autonumi di Spagna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Autonomous communities of Spain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auton%C3%B3mne_spolo%C4%8Denstvo" title="Autonómne spoločenstvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Autonómne spoločenstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panska_avtonomna_skupnost" title="Španska avtonomna skupnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Španska avtonomna skupnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Аутономне заједнице Шпаније – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аутономне заједнице Шпаније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panske_autonomne_zajednice" title="Španske autonomne zajednice – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Španske autonomne zajednice" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanjan_itsehallintoalueet" title="Espanjan itsehallintoalueet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Espanjan itsehallintoalueet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniens_autonoma_regioner" title="Spaniens autonoma regioner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spaniens autonoma regioner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_nagsasariling_pamayanan_at_lungsod_ng_Espanya" title="Mga nagsasariling pamayanan at lungsod ng Espanya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga nagsasariling pamayanan at lungsod ng Espanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="எசுப்பானிய தன்னாட்சி சமூகங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுப்பானிய தன்னாட்சி சமூகங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunetate_autonome_d%27a_Spagne" title="Comunetate autonome d'a Spagne – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Comunetate autonome d'a Spagne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="แคว้นปกครองตนเองของประเทศสเปน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นปกครองตนเองของประเทศสเปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanya%27n%C4%B1n_%C3%B6zerk_topluluklar%C4%B1" title="İspanya'nın özerk toplulukları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İspanya'nın özerk toplulukları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Автономні спільноти Іспанії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Автономні спільноти Іспанії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ہسپانیہ کی خود مختار کمیونٹیز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہسپانیہ کی خود مختار کمیونٹیز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunit%C3%A0_aut%C3%B2nome_de_%C5%82a_Spagna" title="Comunità autònome de ła Spagna – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Comunità autònome de ła Spagna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_h%C3%A0nh_ch%C3%ADnh_(T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha)" title="Vùng hành chính (Tây Ban Nha) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng hành chính (Tây Ban Nha)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimin%C3%A5lt%C3%A9s_otonomes_d%27_Espagne" title="Kiminåltés otonomes d' Espagne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Kiminåltés otonomes d' Espagne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_(Spanje)" title="Regio (Spanje) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Regio (Spanje)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunidad_autonoma_han_Espanya" title="Komunidad autonoma han Espanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Komunidad autonoma han Espanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西班牙自治区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西班牙自治区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" title="西班牙自治區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西班牙自治區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otonom%C3%AA_%C4%B0spanya" title="Otonomê İspanya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Otonomê İspanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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searchaux" style="display:none">First-level administrative division of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Regions of Spain" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Spain_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Regions of Spain (disambiguation)">Regions of Spain (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">Autonomous communities<br /> <div style="font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">comunidad autónoma</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a>: <i lang="an">comunidat autonoma</i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a>: <i lang="ast">comunidá autónoma</i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: <i lang="eu">autonomia erkidegoa</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">comunitat autònoma</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">comunidade autónoma</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">comunautat autonòma</i> </p> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 410px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autonomous_communities_of_Spain_no_names.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain_no_names.svg/410px-Autonomous_communities_of_Spain_no_names.svg.png" decoding="async" width="410" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain_no_names.svg/615px-Autonomous_communities_of_Spain_no_names.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain_no_names.svg/820px-Autonomous_communities_of_Spain_no_names.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="643" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:22px; top:40px"><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:208px; top:44.8px"><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:123.2px; top:120.4px"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of<br />Madrid</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:168px; top:57.2px"><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:238px; top:87.6px"><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:296px; top:70px"><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:238px; top:162px"><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian<br />Community</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:156px; top:162px"><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–<br />La Mancha</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:54.8px; top:176.8px"><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:6px; top:184px"><i><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Portugal</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:104px; top:70px"><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile<br />and León</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:72px; top:15.2px"><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:126px; top:8.8px"><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:181.6px; top:18.8px"><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque<br />Country</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:210.8px; top:223.2px"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Region of<br />Murcia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:108px; top:252px"><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:111.2px; top:318px"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:185.2px; top:330px"><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:274px; top:14px"><i><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">France</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:322px; top:128px"><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic<br />Islands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:302px; top:288px"><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary<br />Islands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:282px; top:232px"><i><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Mediterranean Sea</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:34px; top:290px"><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Atlantic<br />Ocean</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:310px; top:40px"><i><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Andorra</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:352px"><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Atlantic<br />Ocean</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:109.6px; top:303.2px"><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Gibraltar (UK)</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:118.4px; top:344.4px"><i><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Morocco</span></a></i></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous administrative division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Spanish Constitution of 1978</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1979–1983</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Number</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="#List_of_autonomous_communities">17 autonomous communities</a><br /><a href="#Autonomous_cities">2 autonomous cities</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Populations</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Autonomous communities:<br />319,914 (<a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a>) – 8,464,411 (<a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>)<br />Autonomous cities:<br />84,202 (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>) – 87,076 (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Areas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Autonomous communities:<br />4,992 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>) – 94,223 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>)<br />Autonomous cities:<br />12.3 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>) – 18.5 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="#Institutional_organization">Autonomous governments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">National government</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>autonomous communities</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">comunidad autónoma</i>) are the first-level <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Spain" title="Political divisions of Spain">administrative divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, created in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Spanish Constitution of 1978</a>, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy to the <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain" title="Nationalities and regions of Spain">nationalities and regions</a> that make up Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-art2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-art143_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art143-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>) that are collectively known as "<b>autonomies</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two autonomous cities have the right to become autonomous communities. </p><p>The autonomous communities exercise their right to self-government within the limits set forth in the constitution and <a href="/wiki/Organic_Law_(Spain)" title="Organic Law (Spain)">organic laws</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy">Statutes of Autonomy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which broadly define the powers that they assume. </p><p>Each statute sets out the devolved powers (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">competencia</i>) for each community; typically those communities with stronger local nationalism have more powers, and this type of devolution has been called <i>asymmetrical</i> which is on the whole seen as advantageous, able to respond to diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-tanja_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanja-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the Constitution not setting a mandatory <a href="/wiki/Legislative_chamber" title="Legislative chamber">legislative chamber</a> framework, all autonomous communities have chosen <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameralism</a>. All such governments have legislative and executive branches of government but not judicial. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decentralisation_model">Decentralisation model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Decentralisation model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Spain#Decentralisation_model" title="Political divisions of Spain">Political divisions of Spain</a></div> <p>The Spanish model is generally considered by foreign political scientists and scholars as "a federal system with certain peculiarities".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColino202075_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColino202075-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However it is also described as a decentralised<sup id="cite_ref-sinopsis145_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinopsis145-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fiscal_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiscal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unitary country. While sovereignty is vested in the nation as a whole, represented in the central institutions of government, the nation has, to varying degrees, <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolved</a> power to the communities. </p><p>This unique framework of territorial administration has been labeled by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a> as the "State of Autonomous Communities",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to avoid implying either a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> model.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars have referred to the resulting system as a federal system in all but name, or a "federation without federalism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013375_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013375-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_autonomous_communities">List of autonomous communities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of autonomous communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official names of the autonomous communities can be in Spanish only (which applies to the majority of them), in the co-official language in the community only (as in the Valencian Community and the Balearic Islands), or in both Spanish and the co-official language (as in the Basque Country, Navarre and Galicia). Since 2006, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>—in its <a href="/wiki/Aranese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranese language">Aranese dialect</a>—is also a co-official language in Catalonia, making it the only autonomous community whose name has three official variants (Spanish: <i>Cataluña</i>, Catalan: <i>Catalunya</i>, Occitan: <i>Catalonha</i>). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232966811">.mw-parser-output .hover-highlight tr:hover,.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable tr:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable" style="width:50px">Flag </th> <th>Autonomous<br />community </th> <th>Capital </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/President_(Autonomous_Community_of_Spain)" title="President (Autonomous Community of Spain)">President</a> </th> <th>Legislature </th> <th>Government<br />coalition </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Senate</a><br />seats </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Pop.<br />(2020) </th> <th>Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">GRP</a> per capita (<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>) </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/75px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/113px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Moreno" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Manuel Moreno">Juan Manuel Moreno</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Andalusia" title="Parliament of Andalusia">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Andalusia" title="People's Party of Andalusia">PP</a> </td> <td>41 (9 RA, 32 DE) </td> <td align="right">87,268 <small>(17.2%)</small> </td> <td align="right">8,464,411 </td> <td align="right">96 </td> <td align="center">19,107 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/75px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/113px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/150px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Azc%C3%B3n" title="Jorge Azcón">Jorge Azcón</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Aragon" title="Cortes of Aragon">Cortes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Aragon" title="People's Party of Aragon">PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a> <small>(Until July 2024)</small> <p>PP <small>(Since July 2024)</small> </p> </td> <td>14 (2 RA, 12 DE) </td> <td align="right">47,719 <small>(9.4%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,329,391 </td> <td align="right">28 </td> <td align="center">28,151 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/75px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/113px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/150px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_Barb%C3%B3n" title="Adrián Barbón">Adrián Barbón</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a>) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#EF1C27;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Junta_of_the_Principality_of_Asturias" title="General Junta of the Principality of Asturias">General Junta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Socialist_Federation" title="Asturian Socialist Federation">FSA–PSOE</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Left_of_Asturias" title="United Left of Asturias">IU–IX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturian_Left" title="Asturian Left">IAS</a> </td> <td>6 (2 RA, 4 DE) </td> <td align="right">10,604 <small>(2.1%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,018,784 </td> <td align="right">96 </td> <td align="center">22,789 </td> <td>Historical community </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marga_Prohens" title="Marga Prohens">Marga Prohens</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Parliament of the Balearic Islands">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="People's Party of the Balearic Islands">PP</a> </td> <td>7 (2 RA, 5 DE) </td> <td align="right">4,992 <small>(1%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,171,543 </td> <td align="right">230 </td> <td align="center">27,682 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a><br /><small>(<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> seat of institutions)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imanol_Pradales" title="Imanol Pradales">Imanol Pradales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party" title="Basque Nationalist Party">PNV</a>) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#4AAE4A;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_Parliament" title="Basque Parliament">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party" title="Basque Nationalist Party">PNV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Basque_Country%E2%80%93Basque_Country_Left" title="Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left">PSE-EE (PSOE)</a> </td> <td>15 (3 RA, 12 DE) </td> <td align="right">7,234 <small>(1.4%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,220,504 </td> <td align="right">305 </td> <td align="center">33,223 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Clavijo_Batlle" title="Fernando Clavijo Batlle">Fernando Clavijo Batlle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canarian_Coalition" title="Canarian Coalition">CC</a>) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#FFD700;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Parliament of the Canary Islands">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Coalition" title="Canarian Coalition">CC</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="People's Party of the Canary Islands">PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gomera_Socialist_Group" title="Gomera Socialist Group">ASG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_Herrenian_Group" title="Independent Herrenian Group">AHI</a> </td> <td>14 (3 RA, 11 DE) </td> <td align="right">7,447 <small>(1.5%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,175,952 </td> <td align="right">289 </td> <td align="center">20,892 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/75px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/113px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/150px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%A1enz_de_Buruaga" title="María José Sáenz de Buruaga">María José Sáenz de Buruaga</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cantabria" title="Parliament of Cantabria">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Cantabria" title="People's Party of Cantabria">PP</a> </td> <td>5 (1 RA, 4 DE) </td> <td align="right">5,321 <small>(1%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">582,905 </td> <td align="right">109 </td> <td align="center">23,757 </td> <td>Historical community </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/75px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/113px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/150px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a><br /><small>(<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> seat of institutions)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Ma%C3%B1ueco" title="Alfonso Fernández Mañueco">Alfonso Fernández Mañueco</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Cortes of Castile and León">Cortes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="People's Party of Castile and León">PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a> <small>(Until July 2024)</small> <p>PP <small>(Since July 2024)</small> </p> </td> <td>39 (3 RA, 36 DE) </td> <td align="right">94,223 <small>(18.6%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,394,918 </td> <td align="right">25 </td> <td align="center">24,031 </td> <td>Historical community </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/75px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/113px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/150px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Garc%C3%ADa-Page" title="Emiliano García-Page">Emiliano García-Page</a> (PSOE) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#EF1C27;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Cortes of Castilla–La Mancha">Cortes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha">PSOE</a> </td> <td>23 (3 RA, 20 DE) </td> <td align="right">79,463 <small>(15.7%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,045,221 </td> <td align="right">26 </td> <td align="center">20,363 </td> <td>Region </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/113px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Illa" title="Salvador Illa">Salvador Illa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists' Party of Catalonia">PSC</a>) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#FF001C;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists' Party of Catalonia">PSC</a> </td> <td>24 (8 RA, 16 DE) </td> <td align="right">32,114 <small>(6.3%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">7,780,479 </td> <td align="right">239 </td> <td align="center">30,426 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Guardiola" title="María Guardiola">María Guardiola</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Extremadura" title="Assembly of Extremadura">Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Extremadura" title="People's Party of Extremadura">PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a> <small>(Until July 2024)</small> <p>PP <small>(Since July 2024)</small> </p> </td> <td>10 (2 RA, 8 DE) </td> <td align="right">41,634 <small>(8.2%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,063,987 </td> <td align="right">26 </td> <td align="center">18,469 </td> <td>Region </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/113px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Rueda" title="Alfonso Rueda">Alfonso Rueda</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Galicia" title="Parliament of Galicia">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Galicia" title="People's Party of Galicia">PP</a> </td> <td>19 (3 RA, 16 DE) </td> <td align="right">29,574 <small>(5.8%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,701,819 </td> <td align="right">91 </td> <td align="center">23,183 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Capell%C3%A1n" title="Gonzalo Capellán">Gonzalo Capellán</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_La_Rioja" title="Parliament of La Rioja">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_La_Rioja" title="People's Party of La Rioja">PP</a> </td> <td>5 (1 RA, 4 DE) </td> <td align="right">5,045 <small>(1%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">319,914 </td> <td align="right">63 </td> <td align="center">27,225 </td> <td>Region </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">City of Madrid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isabel_D%C3%ADaz_Ayuso" title="Isabel Díaz Ayuso">Isabel Díaz Ayuso</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Madrid" title="Assembly of Madrid">Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="People's Party of the Community of Madrid">PP</a> </td> <td>11 (7 RA, 4 DE) </td> <td align="right">8,028 <small>(1.6%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">6,779,888 </td> <td align="right">830 </td> <td align="center">35,041 </td> <td>Region </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">City of Murcia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fernando_L%C3%B3pez_Miras" title="Fernando López Miras">Fernando López Miras</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regional_Assembly_of_Murcia" title="Regional Assembly of Murcia">Regional Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_the_Region_of_Murcia" title="People's Party of the Region of Murcia">PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a> <small>(Until July 2024)</small> <p>PP <small>(Since July 2024)</small> </p> </td> <td>6 (2 RA, 4 DE) </td> <td align="right">11,313 <small>(2.9%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,511,251 </td> <td align="right">132 </td> <td align="center">21,269 </td> <td>Region </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/75px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/113px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/150px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Chivite" title="María Chivite">María Chivite</a> (PSOE) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#EF1C27;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Navarre" title="Socialist Party of Navarre">PSN-PSOE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geroa_Bai" title="Geroa Bai">GBai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contigo_Navarra" title="Contigo Navarra">CN-ZN</a> </td> <td>5 (1 RA, 4 DE) </td> <td align="right">10,391 <small>(2%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">661,197 </td> <td align="right">63 </td> <td align="center">31,389 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">City of Valencia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Maz%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Mazón">Carlos Mazón</a> (PP) </td> <td width="1" style="color:inherit;background:#1D84CE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corts_Valencianes" title="Corts Valencianes">Cortes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_the_Valencian_Community" title="People's Party of the Valencian Community">PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a> <small>(Until July 2024)</small> <p>PP <small>(Since July 2024)</small> </p> </td> <td>17 (5 RA, 12 DE) </td> <td align="right">23,255 <small>(4.6%)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,057,353 </td> <td align="right">215 </td> <td align="center">22,426 </td> <td>Nationality </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>RA: Regionally Appointed</i> </p><p><i>DE: Directly Elected</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomous_cities">Autonomous cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Autonomous cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable" style="width:50px">Flag </th> <th class="unsortable" style="width:50px">Coat of arms </th> <th>Autonomous<br />city </th> <th>Mayor-President </th> <th>Legislature </th> <th>Government<br />coalition </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Senate</a> seats </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Pop.<br />(2020) </th> <th>Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">GRP</a> per capita <br />(<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/75px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/113px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/150px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta"><img alt="Ceuta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Arms_of_Ceuta.svg/50px-Arms_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Arms_of_Ceuta.svg/75px-Arms_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Arms_of_Ceuta.svg/100px-Arms_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jes%C3%BAs_Vivas" title="Juan Jesús Vivas">Juan Jesús Vivas</a> (PP) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Ceuta" title="Assembly of Ceuta">Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Ceuta" title="People's Party of Ceuta">PP</a> </td> <td>2 (DE) </td> <td align="right">18.5 </td> <td align="right">84,202 </td> <td align="right">4,583 </td> <td align="right">19,335 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/75px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/113px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/150px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla"><img alt="Melilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms_of_Melilla.svg/50px-Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms_of_Melilla.svg/75px-Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms_of_Melilla.svg/100px-Arms_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="923" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Imbroda" title="Juan José Imbroda">Juan José Imbroda</a> (PP) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Melilla" title="Assembly of Melilla">Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Melilla" title="People's Party of Melilla">PP</a> </td> <td>2 (DE) </td> <td align="right">12.3 </td> <td align="right">87,076 </td> <td align="right">7,031 </td> <td align="right">16,981 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>DE: Directly Elected</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_territorial_organization_of_Spain" title="History of the territorial organization of Spain">History of the territorial organization of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain" title="Nationalities and regions of Spain">Nationalities and regions of Spain</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Espa%C3%B1a1757.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Espa%C3%B1a1757.jpg/350px-Espa%C3%B1a1757.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Espa%C3%B1a1757.jpg/525px-Espa%C3%B1a1757.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Espa%C3%B1a1757.jpg/700px-Espa%C3%B1a1757.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a> in 1757</figcaption></figure> <p>Spain is a diverse country made up of several different regions with varying economic and social structures, as well as different languages and historical, political and cultural traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-villar_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-villar-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shabad_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shabad-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the entire Spanish territory was united under one crown in 1479, this was not a process of national homogenization or amalgamation. The constituent territories—be they crowns, kingdoms, principalities or dominions—retained much of their former institutional existence,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including limited legislative, judicial or fiscal autonomy. These territories also exhibited a variety of local customs, laws, languages and currencies until the mid 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 18th century onwards, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Bourbon kings</a> and the government tried to establish a more centralized regime. Leading figures of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Enlightenment">Spanish Enlightenment</a> advocated for the building of a Spanish nation beyond the internal territorial boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This culminated in 1833, when Spain was <a href="/wiki/1833_territorial_division_of_Spain" title="1833 territorial division of Spain">divided</a> into 49 (now 50) <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces</a>, which served mostly as transmission belts for policies developed in Madrid. </p><p>Spanish history since the late 19th century has been shaped by a dialectical struggle between Spanish nationalism and peripheral nationalisms,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConversi2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández2008_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly in Catalonia and the Basque Country, and to a lesser degree in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>. </p><p>In a response to Catalan demands, limited autonomy was granted to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Catalonia" title="Commonwealth of Catalonia">Commonwealth of Catalonia</a> in 1914, only to be abolished in 1925. It was granted again in 1932 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalitat of Catalonia">Generalitat</a>, Catalonia's mediaeval institution of government, was restored. The constitution of 1931 envisaged a territorial division for all Spain in "autonomous regions", which was never fully attained—only <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_of_Catalonia_(1931%E2%80%931939)" title="Autonomous Region of Catalonia (1931–1939)">Catalonia</a>, the Basque Country and Galicia had approved "<a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy">Statutes of Autonomy</a>"—the process being thwarted by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> that broke out in 1936, and the victory of the rebel Nationalist forces under <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConversi2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During General <a href="/wiki/Francoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoism">Franco's dictatorial regime</a>, centralism was vigorously enforced as a way of preserving the "unity of the Spanish nation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConversi2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peripheral nationalism, along with communism and atheism, were regarded by his regime as the main threats.<sup id="cite_ref-frans_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frans-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His attempts to fight separatism with heavy-handed but sporadic repression,<sup id="cite_ref-shabad_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shabad-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his often severe suppression of language and regional identities<sup id="cite_ref-shabad_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shabad-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> backfired: the demands for democracy became intertwined with demands for the recognition of a pluralistic vision of Spanish nationhood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConversi2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández200878,_79_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández200878,_79-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Franco died in 1975, Spain entered into a phase of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">transition towards democracy</a>. The most difficult task of the newly democratically elected <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></span></span> (the Spanish Parliament) in 1977 acting as a Constituent Assembly was to transition from a unitary centralized state into a decentralized state<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColomer1998-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a way that would satisfy the demands of the peripheral nationalists.<sup id="cite_ref-mundo_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mundo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-portero_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portero-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a>, met with <a href="/wiki/Josep_Tarradellas" title="Josep Tarradellas">Josep Tarradellas</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalitat of Catalonia">Generalitat of Catalonia</a> in exile. They agreed to restore the Generalitat and transfer limited powers while the constitution was still being written. Shortly after, the government allowed the creation of "assemblies of members of parliament" made up of deputies and senators of the different territories of Spain, so that they could constitute "pre-autonomic regimes" for their regions as well. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fathers_of_the_Constitution" title="Fathers of the Constitution">Fathers of the Constitution</a> had to strike a balance between the opposing views of Spain—on the one hand, the centralist view inherited from monarchist and nationalist elements of Spanish society,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColomer1998-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the other hand <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and a pluralistic view of Spain as a "nation of nations";<sup id="cite_ref-sinopsis2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinopsis2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between a uniform decentralization of entities with the same powers and an asymmetrical structure that would distinguish the nationalities. Peripheral nationalist parties wanted a multinational state with a federal or confederal model, whereas the governing <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Spain)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)">Union of the Democratic Centre</a> (UCD) and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Spain)" title="People's Alliance (Spain)">People's Alliance</a> (AP) wanted minimum decentralization; the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE) was sympathetic to a federal system.<sup id="cite_ref-frans_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frans-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the end, the constitution, published and ratified in 1978, found a balance in recognizing the existence of "nationalities and regions" in Spain, within the "indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation". In order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while enshrining in the constitution the right to autonomy or self-government of the "nationalities and regions", through a process of asymmetric <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a> of power to the "autonomous communities" that were to be created.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitution_of_1978">Constitution of 1978</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Constitution of 1978"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution of 1978</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Spain" title="Political divisions of Spain">Political divisions of Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primera_p%C3%A1gina_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978,_con_escudo_de_1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Primera_p%C3%A1gina_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978%2C_con_escudo_de_1981.jpg/220px-Primera_p%C3%A1gina_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978%2C_con_escudo_de_1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Primera_p%C3%A1gina_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978%2C_con_escudo_de_1981.jpg/330px-Primera_p%C3%A1gina_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978%2C_con_escudo_de_1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Primera_p%C3%A1gina_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978%2C_con_escudo_de_1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>First page of the Spanish Constitution.</figcaption></figure> <p>The starting point in the territorial organization of Spain was the second article of the constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which reads: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish Nation, the common and indivisible homeland of all Spaniards; it recognizes and guarantees the right to self-government of the nationalities and regions of which it is composed and the solidarity among them all.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Second Article of the Spanish Constitution of 1978</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The constitution was rather ambiguous on how this was to take place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColomer1998-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nunez_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nunez-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not define, detail, or impose the structure of the state;<sup id="cite_ref-portero_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portero-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it does not tell the difference between "nation" and "nationality"; and it does not specify which are the "nationalities" and which are the "regions", or the territories they comprise.<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clavero_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clavero-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than imposing, it <i>enables</i> a process towards a decentralized structure based on the exercise that these "nationalities and regions" would make of the right to self-government that they were granted.<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the outcome of this exercise was not predictable<sup id="cite_ref-barberia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barberia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its construction was deliberately open-ended;<sup id="cite_ref-frans_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frans-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the constitution only created a process for an eventual <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a>, but it was voluntary in nature: the "nationalities and regions" themselves had the option of choosing to attain self-government or not.<sup id="cite_ref-sinopsis143_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinopsis143-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to exercise this right, the constitution established an open process whereby the "nationalities and regions" could be constituted as "autonomous communities". First, it recognized the pre-existing 50 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces of Spain</a>, a territorial division of the liberal centralizing regime of the 19th century created for purely administrative purposes (it also recognized the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipalities</a> that integrated the provinces). These provinces would serve as the building blocks and constituent parts of the autonomous communities. The constitution stipulated that the following could be constituted as autonomous communities:<sup id="cite_ref-article143_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Two or more adjacent provinces with common historical, cultural and economic characteristics.</li> <li>Insular territories.</li> <li>A single province with a "historical regional identity".</li></ul> <p>It also allowed for exceptions to the above criteria, in that the Spanish Parliament could:<sup id="cite_ref-article143_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>authorize, in the nation's interest, the constitution of an autonomous community even if it was a single province without a historical regional identity (which allowed for example, the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a>, which had been part of the historical region of <a href="/wiki/Castile%E2%80%93La_Mancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Castile–La Mancha">Castile–La Mancha</a>); and to</li> <li>authorize or grant autonomy to entities or territories that were not provinces (which allowed for the creation of two autonomous cities, Spanish exclaves in North Africa).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parlamento_Vasco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Parlamento_Vasco.jpg/220px-Parlamento_Vasco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Parlamento_Vasco.jpg/330px-Parlamento_Vasco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Parlamento_Vasco.jpg/440px-Parlamento_Vasco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Basque_Parliament" title="Basque Parliament">Basque Parliament</a> or the <i>Eusko Legebiltzarra</i>, in session.</figcaption></figure> <p>The constitution also established two "routes" to accede to autonomy. The "fast route" or "fast track",<sup id="cite_ref-nunez_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nunez-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called the "exception",<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was established in article 151, and was implicitly reserved for the three "historical nationalities"<sup id="cite_ref-clavero_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clavero-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sinopsisDT2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinopsisDT2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, regions with strong regional identities<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeating200622_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeating200622-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—in that the very strict requirements to opt for this route were waived for those territories that had approved a "Statute of Autonomy" during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> (1931–1936).<sup id="cite_ref-sinopsisDT2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinopsisDT2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, the constitution required the approval of three-fourths of the municipalities involved whose population would be at least the majority of the electoral census of each province, and required the ratification through a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> with the affirmative vote of the absolute majority of the electoral census of each province (that is, of all registered citizens, not only of those who would vote). </p><p>While the constitution was still being drafted, and self-government seemed likely to be granted only to the "historical nationalities", there was a popular outcry in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, demanding self-government as well, which led to the creation of a quicker process for that region, which eventually self-identified as a "historical nationality" as well. In the end, the right to self-government was extended to any other region that wanted it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeating200622_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeating200622-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "slow route" or "slow track",<sup id="cite_ref-nunez_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nunez-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called the "norm",<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was established in article 143. This route could be taken—via the first transitory disposition—by the "pre-autonomic regimes" that had been constituted in 1978, while the constitution was still being drafted, if approved by two-thirds of all municipalities involved whose population would sum up to at least the majority of the electoral census of each province or insular territory. These communities would assume limited powers (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">competencias</i>) during a provisional period of 5 years, after which they could assume further powers, upon negotiation with the central government. However, the constitution did not explicitly establish an institutional framework for these communities. They could have established a parliamentary system like the "historical nationalities", or they could have not assumed any legislative powers and simply established mechanisms for the administration of the powers they were granted.<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution also explicitly established that the institutional framework for these communities would be a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>, with a Legislative Assembly elected by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a> or "council of government", a president of such a council, elected by the Assembly, and a High Court of Justice. They were also granted a maximum level of devolved powers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/220px-Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/330px-Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg/440px-Carles_Puigdemont_el_10_d%27octubre_de_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Catalonia" title="Parliament of Catalonia">Parliament of Catalonia</a> or the <i>Parlament de Catalunya</i>, in 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the constitution did not establish how many autonomous communities were to be created, on 31 July 1981, <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo-Sotelo" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo">Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Spain">prime minister of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, leader of the opposition in Parliament, signed the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Autonomic_Pacts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Autonomic Pacts (page does not exist)">First Autonomic Pacts</a>" (<i>Primeros pactos autonómicos</i> in Spanish), in which they agreed to the creation of 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities, with the same institutions of government, but different competences.<sup id="cite_ref-pactos_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pactos-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1983, all 17 autonomous communities were constituted: <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile%E2%80%93La_Mancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Castile–La Mancha">Castile–La Mancha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarra">Navarra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Region of Murcia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a>. The two autonomous cities, <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> were constituted in 1995. </p><p>Once the autonomous communities were created, Article 145 prohibits the "federation of autonomous communities". This was understood as any agreement between communities that would produce an alteration to the political and territorial equilibrium that would cause a confrontation between different blocks of communities, an action incompatible with the principle of solidarity and the unity of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-gonzalez_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gonzalez-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The so-called "additional" and "transitory" dispositions of the constitution allowed for some exceptions to the above-mentioned framework. In terms of territorial organization, the fifth transitory disposition established that the cities of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, Spanish exclaves located on the northern coast of Africa, could be constituted as "autonomous communities" if the absolute majority of the members of their city councils would agree on such a motion, and with the approval of the Spanish Parliament, which would exercise its prerogatives to grant autonomy to other entities besides provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-transitorias_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transitorias-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However one aspect of this asymmetry in powers between regions is a cause of friction, namely that the Basque-speaking areas (<a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarra">Navarra</a>) can raise their own taxes and negotiate a transfer to Madrid to pay for common services and hence, unlike the other regions, do not contribute to fiscal equalisation across Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeating200622_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeating200622-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two regions or communities are known as "chartered" territories,<sup id="cite_ref-lurraldeak_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lurraldeak-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adicionales_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adicionales-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all other communities, all taxes are levied and collected by or for the central government and then redistributed among all. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomic_pacts">Autonomic pacts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Autonomic pacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conferencia_de_Presidentes,_17_de_enero_de_2017_-_32219744902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Conferencia_de_Presidentes%2C_17_de_enero_de_2017_-_32219744902.jpg/350px-Conferencia_de_Presidentes%2C_17_de_enero_de_2017_-_32219744902.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Conferencia_de_Presidentes%2C_17_de_enero_de_2017_-_32219744902.jpg/525px-Conferencia_de_Presidentes%2C_17_de_enero_de_2017_-_32219744902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Conferencia_de_Presidentes%2C_17_de_enero_de_2017_-_32219744902.jpg/700px-Conferencia_de_Presidentes%2C_17_de_enero_de_2017_-_32219744902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5555" data-file-height="3406" /></a><figcaption>The Conference of Presidents in 2017, is the meeting between the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a> or <i>Gobierno de la Nación</i> and the presidents of the Autonomous communities of Spain.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Statutes of Autonomy of the Basque Country and Catalonia were sanctioned by the Spanish Parliament on 18 December 1979. The position of the party in government, the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Spain)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)">Union of the Democratic Centre</a> (UCD), was that only the three "historical nationalities" would assume full powers, while the rest would accede to autonomy via article 143, assuming fewer powers and perhaps not even establishing institutions of government.<sup id="cite_ref-rebollo_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rebollo-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was firmly opposed by the representatives of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, who demanded for their region the maximum level of powers granted to the "nationalities".<sup id="cite_ref-clavero_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clavero-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a massive rally in support of autonomy, a referendum was organized for Andalusia to attain autonomy through the strict requirements of article 151, or the "fast route"—with UCD calling for abstention, and the main party in opposition in Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE) calling for a vote in favour.<sup id="cite_ref-clavero_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clavero-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These requirements were not met, as in one of the eight provinces, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Almería</a>, votes in favour — although the plurality — did not amount to half of the electoral census as required. Yet, in general, the results of the referendum had been clear and unequivocal.<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After several months of discussion, the then prime minister of Spain, <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Spain)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Spain)">leader of the opposition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, reached an agreement to resolve the Andalusian issue, whereby the Parliament approved an amendment to the law that regulated referendums, and used a prerogative of article 144c of the constitution, both actions which combined would allow Andalusia to take the fast route. They also agreed that no other region would take the "fast route", but that all regions would establish a parliamentary system with all institutions of government.<sup id="cite_ref-clavero_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clavero-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This opened a phase that was dubbed as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES"><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_para_todos" title="Café para todos">café para todos</a></i></span>, "coffee for all".<sup id="cite_ref-tanja_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanja-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This agreement was eventually put into writing in July 1981 in what has been called the "first autonomic pacts".<sup id="cite_ref-nunez_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nunez-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These "autonomic pacts"<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> filled in the gap left by the open character of the constitution. Among other things:<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acuerdos_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acuerdos-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>They described the final outline of the territorial division of Spain, with the specific number and name of the autonomous communities to be created.</li> <li>They restricted the "fast-route" to the "historical nationalities" and Andalusia; all the rest had to take the "slow-route".</li> <li>They established that all autonomous communities would have institutions of government within a parliamentary system.</li> <li>They set up a deadline for all the remaining communities to be constituted: 1 February 1983.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daoiz_o_Velarde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Daoiz_o_Velarde.jpg/220px-Daoiz_o_Velarde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Daoiz_o_Velarde.jpg/330px-Daoiz_o_Velarde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Daoiz_o_Velarde.jpg/440px-Daoiz_o_Velarde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Spanish Parliament, Congress of Deputies</figcaption></figure> <p>In the end, 17 autonomous communities were created: </p> <ul><li>Andalusia, and the three "historical nationalities"—the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia—took the "fast-route" and immediately assumed the maximum set of powers allowed in the constitution; the rest took the "slow route".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castilla-La_Mancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilla-La Mancha">Castilla-La Mancha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a> acceded to autonomy as communities integrated by two or more provinces with common historical, economic and cultural characteristics.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> acceded to autonomy as insular territories, the latter integrated by two provinces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Principality of Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a> acceded to autonomy as single provinces with historical identity (also called "uniprovincial" autonomous communities).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>, as a single province, acceded to autonomy through the recognition, update and improvement of its historical and local "law" (charters; Spanish <i>fueros</i>), and as such, it is known as a "chartered community".</li> <li>The province of Madrid, home to the national capital, was removed from Castilla-La Mancha (formerly <a href="/wiki/New_Castile_(Spain)" title="New Castile (Spain)">New Castile</a>), to which it previously belonged, and constituted as a single-province autonomous community in the "national interest", the <i><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></i>.</li></ul> <p>Special provisions were made for the Valencian Community and the Canary Islands in that, although they took the "slow route", through the subsequent approval of specific organic laws, they were to assume full autonomy in less than 5 years, since they had started a process towards the "fast route" prior to the approval of the "autonomic pacts". </p><p>On the other hand, Cantabria and La Rioja, although originally part of <a href="/wiki/Old_Castile" title="Old Castile">Old Castile</a>—and both originally included in the "pre-autonomic regime" of Castile and León—were granted autonomy as single provinces with historical identity, a move supported by the majority of their populations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConversi2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clavero_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clavero-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-garciaruiz_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garciaruiz-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "autonomic pacts" give both Cantabria and La Rioja the option of being incorporated into Castile and León in the future, and required that the Statutes of Autonomy of all three communities include such a provision.<sup id="cite_ref-acuerdos_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acuerdos-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> León, a historical kingdom and historical region of Spain, once joined to <a href="/wiki/Old_Castile" title="Old Castile">Old Castile</a> to form Castile and León, was denied secession to be constituted as an autonomous community on its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández200866_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández200866-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the second half of the 1980s, the central government seemed reluctant to transfer all powers to the "slow route" communities.<sup id="cite_ref-mundo_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mundo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the five years set up by the constitution, all "slow route" communities demanded the maximum transfer guaranteed by the constitution. This led to what has been called the "second autonomic pacts" of 1992, between the then prime minister of Spain <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> from PSOE and the leader of the opposition, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a> from the newly created <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a> (PP) successor of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_(Spain)" title="People's Alliance (Spain)">People's Alliance party</a>. Through these agreements new powers were transferred, with the reforms to many Statutes of Autonomy of the "slow-route" communities with the aim of equalizing them to the "fast route" communities.<sup id="cite_ref-mundo_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mundo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, the cities of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> were constituted as "autonomous cities" without legislative powers, but with an autonomous assembly<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="How can an autonomous assembly not have legislative powers? (October 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> not subordinated to any other province or community. </p><p>The creation of the autonomous communities was a diverse process, that started with the constitution, was normalized with the autonomic pacts and was completed with the Statutes of Autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is, however, an ongoing process; further devolution—or even the return of transferred powers—is always a possibility. This has been evidenced in the 2000s, at the beginning with a wave of approval of new Statutes of Autonomy for many communities, and more recently with many considering the recentralization of some powers in the wake of the economic and financial crisis of 2008. Nonetheless, Spain is now a decentralized country with a structure unlike any other, similar but not equal to a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though in many respects the country can be compared to countries which are undeniably federal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013381_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013381-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unique resulting system is referred to as "Autonomous state", or more precisely "State of Autonomies".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColomer1998-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_state_of_affairs">Current state of affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current state of affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the implementation of the Autonomous Communities, Spain went from being one of the most centralized countries in the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> to being one of the most decentralized; in particular, it has been the country where the incomes and outcomes of the decentralized bodies (the Autonomous Communities) has grown the most, leading this rank in Europe by 2015 and being fifth among OECD countries in tax devolution (after Canada, Switzerland, the United States and Austria).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By means of the State of Autonomies implemented after the Spanish Constitution of 1978, Spain has been quoted to be "remarkable for the extent of the powers peacefully devolved over the past 30 years" and "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending,<sup id="cite_ref-Mallet_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallet-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 38% by the regional governments, 13% by the local councils, and the remaining 31% by the <a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">social security system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-economist.com_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In terms of personnel, by 2010 almost 1,350,000 people or 50.3% of the total <a href="/wiki/Civil_servants" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil servants">civil servants</a> in Spain were employed by the autonomous communities;<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> city and provincial councils accounted for 23.6% and those employees working for the central administration (police and military included) represented 22.2% of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movement_for_further_autonomy">Movement for further autonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Movement for further autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Galician_independence_movement" title="Galician independence movement">Galician independence movement</a></div> <p>Peripheral nationalism continues to play a key role in Spanish politics. Some peripheral nationalists view that there is a vanishing practical distinction between the terms "nationalities" and "regions",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeating2006_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeating2006-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as more powers are transferred to all communities in roughly the same degree and as other communities have chosen to identify themselves as "nationalities". In fact, it has been argued that the establishment of the State of Autonomies "has led to the creation of "new regional identities",<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-junco_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-junco-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "invented communities".<sup id="cite_ref-junco_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-junco-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many in Galicia, the Basque Country, and Catalonia view their communities as "nations", not just "nationalities", and Spain as a "plurinational state" or a "nation of nations", and they have made demands for further devolution or secession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basque_Country">Basque Country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Basque Country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_independence" title="Basque Country independence">Basque Country independence</a></div> <p>In 2004 the Basque Parliament approved the <a href="/wiki/Ibarretxe_Plan" title="Ibarretxe Plan">Ibarretxe Plan</a>, whereby the Basque Country would approve a new Statute of Autonomy containing key provisions such as shared sovereignty with Spain, full independence of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>, and the right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>, and assuming all powers except that of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spanish nationality law</a>, defense, and monetary policy. The plan was rejected by the Spanish Parliament in 2005 and the situation has remained largely stable in that front so far. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalonia">Catalonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Catalonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:348px;max-width:348px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fanals-Banc_P1150940.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fanals-Banc_P1150940.JPG/180px-Fanals-Banc_P1150940.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fanals-Banc_P1150940.JPG/270px-Fanals-Banc_P1150940.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fanals-Banc_P1150940.JPG/360px-Fanals-Banc_P1150940.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BCN12-o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BCN12-o.jpg/160px-BCN12-o.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BCN12-o.jpg/240px-BCN12-o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BCN12-o.jpg/320px-BCN12-o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Pro-Catalan independence (left) and pro-Spanish unity demonstrations in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.</div></div></div></div><p>A particularly contentious point – especially in Catalonia – has been the one of fiscal tensions, with Catalan nationalists intensifying their demand for further financing during the 2010s. In this regard, the new rules for fiscal decentralisation in force since 2011 already make Spain one of the most decentralized countries in the world also in budgetary and fiscal matters,<sup id="cite_ref-Piketty_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piketty-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the base for income tax split at 50/50 between the Spanish government and the regions (something unheard of in much bigger federal states such as Germany or the United States, which retain the income tax as an exclusively or primarily federal one).<sup id="cite_ref-Piketty_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piketty-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides, each region can also decide to set its own income tax bands and its own additional rates, higher or lower than the federal rates, with the corresponding income accruing to the region which no longer has to share it with other regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Piketty_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piketty-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This current level of fiscal decentralisation has been regarded by economists such as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Thomas Piketty</a> as troublesome since, in his view, "challenges the very idea of solidarity within the country and comes down to playing the regions against each other, which is particularly problematic when the issue is one of income tax as this is supposed to enable the reduction of inequalities between the richest and the poorest, over and above regional or professional identities".<sup id="cite_ref-Piketty_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piketty-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catalan_independence">Catalan independence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Catalan independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The severe <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spain" title="Economy of Spain">economic crisis in Spain</a> that started in 2008 produced different reactions in the different communities. On one hand, some began to consider a return of some responsibilities to the central government<sup id="cite_ref-abc_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while, on the other hand, in Catalonia debate on the fiscal deficit—"Catalonia being one of the largest net contributors in taxes"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>—led many to support secession.<sup id="cite_ref-nextstate_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nextstate-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardianfabric_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardianfabric-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2012, <a href="/wiki/Artur_Mas" title="Artur Mas">Artur Mas</a>, then Catalonia's president, requested from the central government a new "fiscal agreement", with the possibility of giving his community powers of fiscal autonomy equal to those of the <a href="/wiki/Communities_of_chartered_regime" title="Communities of chartered regime">chartered communities</a>, but prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> refused. Mas dissolved the Catalan Parliament, called for new elections, and promised to conduct a referendum on independence within the next four years.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rajoy's government declared that they would use all "legal instruments"—current legislation requires the central executive government or the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a> to call for or sanction a binding referendum—<sup id="cite_ref-ley_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ley-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to block any such attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-clash_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clash-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and its <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Party of Catalonia">counterpart in Catalonia</a> proposed to reopen the debate on the territorial organization of Spain, changing the constitution to create a true <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal system</a> to "better reflect the singularities" of Catalonia, as well as to modify the current taxation system.<sup id="cite_ref-estadofederal_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estadofederal-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-navarro_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navarro-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Friday 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament voted on the independence of Catalonia; the result was 70 in favor, 10 against, 2 neither, with 53 representatives not present in protest. In the following days, the members of the Catalan government either fled or were imprisoned. </p><p>One scholar summarises the current situation as follows: </p> <blockquote><p>the autonomous state appears to have come full circle, with reproaches from all sides. According to some, it has not gone far enough and has failed to satisfy their aspirations for improved self-government. For others it has gone too far, fostering inefficiency or reprehensible linguistic policies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013395_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013395-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_rearrangements">Possible rearrangements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Possible rearrangements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides <a href="/wiki/List_of_territorial_disputes" title="List of territorial disputes">the territorial disputes</a> that Spain holds with <a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olivenza#Claims_of_sovereignty" title="Olivenza">Portugal</a>, some forces have campaigned for the redistribution of territories among communities: </p> <ul><li>There are independence movements pleading for secession from Spain in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_independentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan independentism">Catalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque independence">the Basque Country and Navarre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_independence_movement" title="Galician independence movement">Galicia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canarian_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Canarian independence">the Canary Islands</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Basque_Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Statute of Autonomy">Basque Statute of Autonomy</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fourth_transitory_provision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fourth transitory provision (page does not exist)">fourth transitory provision of the 1978 Spanish Constitution</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disposici%C3%B3n_transitoria_cuarta" class="extiw" title="es:Disposición transitoria cuarta">es</a>]</span> provide a pathway for the integration of Navarre in the Basque autonomous community. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Navarre" title="Parliament of Navarre">Parliament of Navarre</a> has not entertained the possibility.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trevi%C3%B1o_enclave" title="Treviño enclave">Treviño enclave</a> (formed by the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Condado_de_Trevi%C3%B1o" title="Condado de Treviño">Condado de Treviño</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Puebla_de_Arganz%C3%B3n" title="La Puebla de Arganzón">La Puebla de Arganzón</a>) is part of the province of Burgos (in the autonomous community of Castile and León) but is surrounded by Álava (Basque autonomous community). There is <a href="/wiki/Trevi%C3%B1o_enclave_dispute" title="Treviño enclave dispute">a dispute</a> in which the Castilian-Leonese government support the status quo and the Basque Government and much of the local population support integration in Álava and the Basque Country.<sup id="cite_ref-Treviño_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treviño-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Villaverde" title="Valle de Villaverde">Valle de Villaverde</a> is part of the autonomous community of Cantabria but surrounded by Biscay, in the Basque autonomous community. Lately local support for integration in the Basque Country has diminished.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonesism" title="Leonesism">Leonesism</a> pleads for the establishment of the autonomous community of León separating the provinces of León, Zamora and Salamanca (or in a restricted sense, just the province of León) from the rest of the provinces of the autonomous community of Castile and León, pursuant to the configuration of the former <a href="/wiki/Region_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Region of León">Region of León</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">Ayuntamiento</a> of <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="La Línea de la Concepción">La Línea de la Concepción</a> has asked for permission to call a referendum on the secession of the municipality from the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">province of Cádiz</a> in the autonomous community of Andalusia to become a standalone autonomous community,<sup id="cite_ref-EDLínea_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDLínea-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing the special case of bordering Gibraltar.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_and_statutory_framework">Constitutional and statutory framework</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Constitutional and statutory framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The State of Autonomies, as established in Article 2 of the constitution, has been argued to be based on four principles: willingness to accede to autonomy, <a href="/wiki/Unity_in_diversity" title="Unity in diversity">unity in diversity</a>, autonomy but not sovereignty of the communities, and solidarity among them all.<sup id="cite_ref-carreras_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carreras-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of the autonomous communities is determined both by the devolution allowed by the constitution and the powers assumed in their respective Statutes of Autonomy. While the autonomic agreements and other laws have allowed for an "equalization" of all communities, differences still remain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Statute_of_Autonomy">The Statute of Autonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Statute of Autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy">Statute of Autonomy</a></div> <p>The Statute of Autonomy is the basic institutional law of the autonomous community or city, recognized by the Spanish constitution in article 147. It is approved by a parliamentary assembly representing the community, and then approved by the <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></span></span>, the Spanish Parliament, through an "Organic Law", requiring the favourable vote of the absolute majority of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a>. </p><p>For communities that acceded to autonomy through the "fast route", a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> is required before it can be sanctioned by the Parliament. The Statutes of Autonomy must contain, at least, the name of the community, its territorial limits, the names, organization and seat of the institutions of government, the powers they assume and the principles for their bilingual policy, if applicable. </p><p>The constitution establishes that all powers not explicitly assumed by the State (the central government) in the constitution, can be assumed by the autonomous community in their Statutes of Autonomy; but also, all powers not explicitly assumed by the autonomous community in their Statutes of Autonomy are automatically assumed by the State.<sup id="cite_ref-article143_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In case of conflict, the constitution prevails.<sup id="cite_ref-article143_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In case of disagreement, any administration can bring the case before the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutional_organization">Institutional organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Institutional organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All autonomous communities have a parliamentary system based on a division of powers comprising: </p> <ul><li>A Legislative Assembly, whose members are elected by universal suffrage according to a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, in which all areas that integrate the territory are fairly represented</li> <li>A Council of Government, with executive and administrative powers, headed by a prime minister, whose official title is "president",<sup id="cite_ref-lehendakari_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehendakari-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> elected by the Legislative Assembly—usually the leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Assembly—and nominated by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a></li> <li>A High Court of Justice, hierarchically under the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court of Spain</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oviedo03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Oviedo03.jpg/220px-Oviedo03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Oviedo03.jpg/330px-Oviedo03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Oviedo03.jpg/440px-Oviedo03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Regional Palace, seat of the <a href="/wiki/General_Junta" class="mw-redirect" title="General Junta">General Junta</a>, the Parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Principality of Asturias</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of the communities have approved regional electoral laws within the limits set up by the laws for the entire country. Despite minor differences, all communities use <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> following the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a>; all members of regional parliaments are elected for four-year terms, but the president of the community has the faculty to dissolve the legislature and call for early elections. Nonetheless, in all communities except for the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, and Andalusia, elections are held the last Sunday of May every four years, concurrent with municipal elections in all of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-carreras_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carreras-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The names of the Council of Government and the Legislative Assembly vary between communities. In some autonomous communities, these institutions are restored historical bodies of government or representation of the previous kingdoms or regional entities within the Spanish Crown—like the Generalitat of Catalonia—while others are entirely new creations. </p><p>In some, both the executive and the legislature, though constituting two separate institutions, are collectively identified with a single specific name. A specific denomination may not refer to the same branch of government in all communities; for example, <i>junta</i> may refer to the executive office in some communities, to the legislature in others, or to the collective name of all branches of government in others. </p><p>Given the ambiguity in the constitution that did not specify which territories were nationalities and which were regions, other territories, besides the implicit three "historical nationalities", have also chosen to identify themselves as nationalities, in accordance with their historical regional identity, such as Andalusia, Aragon, the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Autonomous_cities"></span>The two autonomous cities have more limited powers than autonomous communities, but less limited than other municipalities. The executive is exercised by a president, who is also the mayor of the city. In the same way, limited legislative power is vested in a local assembly in which the deputies are also the city councillors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_powers">Legal powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legal powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The autonomic agreements of 1982 and 1992 tried to equalize powers (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">competencias</i>) devolved to the 17 autonomous communities, within the limits of the constitution and the differences guaranteed by it. This has led to an "asymmetrical homogeneity".<sup id="cite_ref-perez_30-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the words of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a> in its ruling of 5 August 1983, the autonomous communities are characterized by their "homogeneity and diversity...equal in their subordination to the constitutional order, in the principles of their representation in the Senate, in their legitimation before the Constitutional Court, and in that the differences between the distinct Statutes [of Autonomy] cannot imply economic or social privileges; however, they can be unequal with respect to the process to accede to autonomy and the concrete determination of the autonomic content of their Statute, and therefore, in their scope of powers. The autonomic regime is characterized by an equilibrium between homogeneity and diversity ... Without the former there will be no unity or integration in the state's ensemble; without the latter, there would not be [a] true plurality and the capacity of self-government".<sup id="cite_ref-sinopsis137_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinopsis137-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ertzaintza_Volkswagen_Bilbao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ertzaintza_Volkswagen_Bilbao.jpg/220px-Ertzaintza_Volkswagen_Bilbao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ertzaintza_Volkswagen_Bilbao.jpg/330px-Ertzaintza_Volkswagen_Bilbao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ertzaintza_Volkswagen_Bilbao.jpg/440px-Ertzaintza_Volkswagen_Bilbao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>An <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu"><a href="/wiki/Ertzaintza" title="Ertzaintza">Ertzaintza</a></i></span> police car in the Basque Country</figcaption></figure> <p>The asymmetrical devolution is a unique characteristic of the territorial structure of Spain, in that the autonomous communities have a different range of devolved powers. These were based on what has been called in Spanish as <i>hechos diferenciales</i>, "differential facts" or "differential traits".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aja_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aja-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This expression refers to the idea that some communities have particular traits, with respect to Spain as a whole. In practice these traits are a native "language proper to their own territories" separate from Spanish, a particular financial regime or special civil rights expressed in a code, which generate a distinct political personality.<sup id="cite_ref-aja_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aja-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <i>hechos diferenciales</i> of their distinct political and historical personality are constitutionally and statutorily (i. e., in their Statutes of Autonomy) recognized in the exceptions granted to some of them and the additional powers they assume.<sup id="cite_ref-aja_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aja-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The powers to be exercised can be divided into three groups: exclusive to the State or central government, shared powers, and devolved powers exclusive to the communities. Article 149 states which powers are exclusive to the central government: international relations, defense, administration of justice, commercial, criminal, civil, and labour legislation, customs, general finances and state debt, public health, basic legislation, and general coordination.<sup id="cite_ref-fiscal_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiscal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All autonomous communities have the power to manage their own finances in the way they see fit, and are responsible for the administration of education—school and universities—health and social services and cultural and urban development.<sup id="cite_ref-howmuch_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howmuch-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet there are differences as stipulated in their Statutes and the constitution:<sup id="cite_ref-carreras_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carreras-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Aragon, the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_Catalonia" title="Civil Code of Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, Galicia and the Valencian Community have a regional civil code</li> <li>Basque Country, Catalonia, and Navarre have their own police corps—the <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu"><a href="/wiki/Ertzaintza" title="Ertzaintza">Ertzaintza</a></i></span>, the <a href="/wiki/Mossos_d%27Esquadra" title="Mossos d'Esquadra">Mossos d'Esquadra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Foral" title="Policía Foral">Nafarroako Foruzaingoa</a>, respectively; other communities have them too, but not fully developed (adscribed to the Spanish National Police) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (October 2020)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Dubious" title="Talk:Autonomous communities of Spain">discuss</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The Canary Islands have a special financial regime in virtue of its location as an overseas territories, while the Basque Country and Navarre have a distinct financial regime called "chartered regime"</li> <li>The Balearic Islands, the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, Navarre, and the Valencian Community have a co-official language and therefore a distinct linguistic regime<sup id="cite_ref-carreras_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carreras-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Degree_of_financial_autonomy">Degree of financial autonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Degree of financial autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Communities_of_chartered_regime" title="Communities of chartered regime">Communities of chartered regime</a></div> <p>How the communities are financed has been one of the most contentious aspects in their relationship with the central government.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution gave all communities significant control over spending, but the central government retained effective control of their revenue supply.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, the central government is still charge of levying and collecting most taxes, which it then redistributes to the autonomous communities with the aim of producing "<a href="/wiki/Fiscal_equalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal equalization">fiscal equalization</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-fiscal_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiscal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This applies to all communities, with the exception of the Basque Country and Navarre. </p><p>This financial scheme is known as the "common regime". In essence, fiscal equalization implies that richer communities become net contributors to the system, while poorer communities become net recipients. The two largest net contributors to the system are the Balearic Islands and the Community of Madrid, in percentage terms, or the Community of Madrid and Catalonia in absolute terms.<sup id="cite_ref-fiscal_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiscal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cinco_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cinco-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Central government funding is the main source of revenue for the communities of "common regime". Redistribution, or <a href="/wiki/Transfer_payments" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer payments">transfer payments</a>, are given to the communities of common regime to manage the responsibilities they have assumed. The amount they receive is based upon several calculations which include a consideration for population, land area, administrative units, dispersal of population, relative poverty, fiscal pressure and insularity.<sup id="cite_ref-tanja_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanja-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central government is committed to returning a specific percentage of taxes to all communities with common regime, within the differences allowed for fiscal equalization. The communities of common regime have the ability to add a surcharge to the so-called "ceded taxes"—taxes set at the central level, but collected locally—and they can lower or raise personal income taxes up to a limit.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Basque Country and Navarre were granted an exception in the fiscal and financial system through the first additional disposition of the constitution that recognizes their historical "charters"<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>viii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> —hence they are known as "<a href="/wiki/Communities_of_chartered_regime" title="Communities of chartered regime">communities of chartered regime</a>" or "foral regime".<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through their "chartered regime", these communities are allowed to levy and collect all so-called "contracted taxes", including income tax and corporate tax, and they have much more flexibility to lower or raise them.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "chartered" or "foral" contract entails true financial autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since they collect almost all taxes, they send to the central government a pre-arranged amount known as <i>cupo</i>, "quota" or <i>aportación</i>, "contribution", and the treaty whereby this system is recognized is known as <i>concierto</i>, "treaty", or <i>convenio</i>, "pact".<sup id="cite_ref-hacienda_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hacienda-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence they are also said to have <i><a href="/wiki/Concierto_econ%C3%B3mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Concierto económico">concierto económico</a></i>, an "economic treaty". Since they collect all taxes themselves and only send a prearranged amount to the central government for the powers exclusive to the State, they do not participate in "fiscal equalization", in that they do not receive any money back. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spending">Spending</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Spending"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As more responsibilities have been assumed by the autonomous communities in areas such as social welfare, health, and education, public expenditure patterns have seen a shift from the central government towards the communities since the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 2000s, autonomous communities accounted for 35% of all public expenditure in Spain, a percentage that is even higher than that of states within a federation.<sup id="cite_ref-fiscal_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiscal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With no legal constraints to balance budgets, and since the central government retains control over fiscal revenue in the communities of common regime, these are in a way encouraged to build up debt.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_58-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Fiscal_and_Financial_Policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council on Fiscal and Financial Policy (page does not exist)">Council on Fiscal and Financial Policy</a>, which includes representatives of the central government and of the autonomous communities, has become one of the most efficient institutions of coordination in matters of public expenditures and revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-toboso_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toboso-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the Council several agreements of financing have been agreed, as well as limits to the communities' public debt. The Organic Law of the Financing of Autonomous Communities of 1988 requires that the communities obtain the authorization of the central Ministry of Finance to issue public debt.<sup id="cite_ref-toboso_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toboso-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistic_regimes">Linguistic regimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Linguistic regimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BilingualSign_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BilingualSign_Spain.svg/220px-BilingualSign_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BilingualSign_Spain.svg/330px-BilingualSign_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BilingualSign_Spain.svg/440px-BilingualSign_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Bilingual signs, showing the names of the city known as <a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> in both Spanish and Iruña in Basque</figcaption></figure> <p>The preamble to the constitution explicitly stated that it is the nation's will to protect "all Spaniards and the peoples of Spain in the exercise of human rights, their cultures and traditions, languages and institutions".<sup id="cite_ref-preamble_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preamble-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a significant recognition not only in that it differed drastically from the restrictive linguistic policies during the Franco era, but also because part of the distinctiveness of the "historical nationalities" lies on their own regional languages.<sup id="cite_ref-villar_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-villar-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shabad_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shabad-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nation is thus openly multilingual,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConversi2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which <a href="/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Names given to the Spanish language">Castilian</a>—that is, Spanish—is the official language in all territories, but the "other Spanish languages" can also be official in their respective communities, in accordance with their Statutes of Autonomy. </p><p>Article 3 of the constitution ends up declaring that the "richness of the distinct linguistic modalities of Spain represents a patrimony which will be the object of special respect and protection".<sup id="cite_ref-third_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-third-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish remains the only official language of the State; other languages are only co-official with Spanish in the communities that have so regulated. In addition, knowledge of the Spanish language was declared a right and an obligation of all Spaniards. </p><p>Spanish legislation, most notably in the Statutes of Autonomy of the bilingual communities, use the term "own language", or "language proper to a community",<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ix<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to refer to a language other than Spanish that originated or had historical roots in that particular territory. The Statutes of Autonomy of the respective autonomous communities have declared <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> the language proper to the Basque Country and Navarre, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> the language proper to Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community—where it is historically, traditionally and officially known as <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a>—and <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> to be the language proper to Galicia. There are other protected regional languages in other autonomous communities. As a percentage of total population in Spain, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> is spoken by 2%, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan/Valencian</a> by 17%, and <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> by 7% of all Spaniards.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2016 Basque Government census revealed 700,000 fluent speakers in Spain (51,000 in Basque counties in France) and 1,185.000 total when passive speakers are included.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <caption>Co-official or protected languages of Spain </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Status </th> <th>Speakers in Spain<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a> </td> <td>Not official but recognised in <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> </td> <td>11,000<sup id="cite_ref-aragonese_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aragonese-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Astur-Leonese languages">Asturleonese</a> </td> <td>Not official but recognised in <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>100,000<sup id="cite_ref-asturian_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asturian-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> </td> <td>Official in the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> </td> <td>580,000<sup id="cite_ref-basque_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basque-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan/Valencian</a> </td> <td>as <i>Catalan</i>, official in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, and as <i>Valencian</i>, in the <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not official but recognised in <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> </td> <td>around 10 million,<sup id="cite_ref-catalan_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catalan-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 2nd language speakers </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> </td> <td>Official in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> and recognised in some municipalities in Castile and León that border <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> </td> <td>2.34 million<sup id="cite_ref-galician_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galician-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> </td> <td>Official in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> </td> <td>4,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fala_language" title="Fala language">Fala</a> </td> <td>Not official but recognised as a "<a href="/wiki/Bien_de_Inter%C3%A9s_Cultural" title="Bien de Interés Cultural">Bien de Interés Cultural</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Spain" title="Political divisions of Spain">Political divisions of Spain</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Spain" title="Local government in Spain">Local government in Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">Comarcas of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces of Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">Municipalities of Spain</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <caption>Provinces of each autonomous community </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Autonomous community </th> <th>Provinces<sup id="cite_ref-lurraldeak_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lurraldeak-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Almería</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">Córdoba</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CO_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CO-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Granada" title="Province of Granada">Granada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huelva" title="Province of Huelva">Huelva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Seville" title="Province of Seville">Seville</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huesca" title="Province of Huesca">Huesca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teruel" title="Province of Teruel">Teruel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zaragoza" title="Province of Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a><sup id="cite_ref-Z_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Z-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> </td> <td>(Asturias)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> </td> <td>(Balearic Islands) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a><sup id="cite_ref-lurraldeak_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lurraldeak-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Palmas" title="Province of Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a> </td> <td>(Cantabria)<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla-La Mancha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Albacete" title="Province of Albacete">Albacete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Province of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuenca_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Cuenca (Spain)">Cuenca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Guadalajara" title="Province of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Toledo" title="Province of Toledo">Toledo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Girona" title="Province of Girona">Girona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lleida" title="Province of Lleida">Lleida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Tarragona" title="Province of Tarragona">Tarragona</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Badajoz" title="Province of Badajoz">Badajoz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Province of Cáceres">Cáceres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a> </td> <td>(La Rioja)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> </td> <td>(Madrid) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a> </td> <td>(Murcia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> </td> <td>(Navarre)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alicante" title="Province of Alicante">Alicante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Province of Castellón">Castellón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valencia" title="Province of Valencia">Valencia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Powers_exercised_by_the_autonomous_governments">Powers exercised by the autonomous governments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Powers exercised by the autonomous governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The powers of the autonomous communities are not homogeneous.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadly the powers are divided into "Exclusive", "Shared", and "Executive" ("partial"). In some cases, the autonomous community may have exclusive responsibility for the administration of a policy area but may only have executive (i. e., carries out) powers as far as the policy itself is concerned, meaning it must enforce policy and laws decided at the national level. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Power </th> <th>Basque Country </th> <th>Galicia </th> <th>Catalonia </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Law, Order & Justice</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Police</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Safety (Civil protection, Firearms, gambling)</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Civil & Administrative Law (Justice, Registries, Judicial Appointments)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Child & Family Protection</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Consumer Protection</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Data protection</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Civil registry & Statistics</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Health, Welfare & Social Policy</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Social Welfare</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Equality</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">AN</a> (Exclusive) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Social Security</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Employment</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Health Care</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Benevolent/Mutual Societies</td> <td>Administrative</td> <td>Administrative</td> <td>Shared</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">AN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">NA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">VC</a> (Shared) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Economy, Transport & Environment</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Infrastructure (Road, Highways)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Infrastructure (Rail, Airports)</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Environment (Nature, Contamination, Rivers, Weather)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economic Planning & Development</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Shared</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Advertising, Regional Markets and regional controlled origin designations</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Professional associations</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Workplace & Industrial safety</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial </td></tr> <tr> <td>Financial (Regional Cooperative Banks, & Financial Markets)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Press & Media</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Water (Local drainage Basin)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Regional Development (Coast, Housing Rural Services)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Sector & Cooperative Banks</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy & Mining</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Competition</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agriculture and Animal welfare</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fisheries</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hunting & Fishing</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Local Transport & Communications (Road Transport, Maritime Rescue)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tourism</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Culture & Education</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culture (libraries, museums, Film industry, Arts, & Crafts...)</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culture (Language Promotion, R & D Projects)</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Shared </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culture (Sports, Leisure, Events)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education (Primary, secondary, University, Professional & Language)</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Religious Organizations</td> <td></td> <td>Shared</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cultural, Welfare, & Education Associations Regulation</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive</td> <td>Exclusive </td></tr> <tr> <td>International Relations (Culture & language, Cross Border relations)</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>Partial</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Resources & Spending</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Own Tax resources</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Allocation by Central Government</td> <td>No</td> <td>Convergence Funds</td> <td>Convergence Funds</td> <td>Convergence Funds (except <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">NA</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other resources</td> <td>Co-payments (Health & Education)</td> <td>Co-payments (Health & Education)</td> <td>Co-payments (Health & Education)</td> <td>Co-payments (Health & Education) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Resources</td> <td>100%</td> <td>60%</td> <td>60%</td> <td>60% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Devolved Spending as % of total public spending </td> <td colspan="4">36% (Average for all autonomous communities)<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Communities_Administration" title="Autonomous Communities Administration">Autonomous Communities Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">Autonomous Regions of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_territorial_organization_of_Spain" title="History of the territorial organization of Spain">History of the territorial organization of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_presidents_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="List of current presidents of the autonomous communities of Spain">List of current presidents of the autonomous communities of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by gross domestic product">List of Spanish autonomous communities by gross domestic product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index">List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Clavero" title="Manuel Clavero">Manuel Clavero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">National and regional identity in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Spain" title="Political divisions of Spain">Political divisions of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(Autonomous_Community_of_Spain)" title="President (Autonomous Community of Spain)">President (Autonomous community)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_Spanish_autonomous_parliaments" title="Composition of the Spanish autonomous parliaments">Composition of the Spanish autonomous parliaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singular_population_entity" title="Singular population entity">Singular population entity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA-label">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[komuniˈðað<span class="wrap"> </span>awˈtonoma]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA-label">Basque pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="eu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[autonomi.a<span class="wrap"> </span>erkiðeɣo]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA-label">Catalan pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[kumuniˈtat<span class="wrap"> </span>əwˈtɔnumə]</a></span>, <span class="IPA-label">Valencian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-valencia-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[komuniˈtat<span class="wrap"> </span>awˈtɔnoma]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA-label">Galician pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[komuniˈðaðɪ<span class="wrap"> </span>awˈtɔnʊmɐ]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lehendakari-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lehendakari_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the Basque Country, the head of government is officially known as <i><a href="/wiki/Lehendakari" title="Lehendakari">lehendakari</a></i> in Basque, or by the Spanish rendering of the title, <i>lendakari</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All figures as reported on <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> for the number of speakers in Spain only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the Statute of Autonomy of Castile and León, the Astur-Leonese dialect spoken therein is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Catalan dialect spoken in the Valencian Community is historically, traditionally and officially referred to as <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lurraldeak-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lurraldeak_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lurraldeak_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Basque provinces and Navarre are officially known as "historical territories" or "chartered territories".<sup id="cite_ref-lurraldeak_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lurraldeak-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CO-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CO_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also spelled "Cordova" in English.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Z-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Z_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also spelled "Saragossa" in English.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously known as Oviedo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously known as Santander.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously known as Logroño.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously known as Pamplona.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translation_of_terms">Translation of terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Translation of terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-roman reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Autonomies" (in Spanish: <i>autonomías</i>, in Basque: <i>autonomien</i>, in Catalan/Valencian: <i>autonomies</i>, in Galician: <i>autonomías</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Statutes of Autonomy" (in Spanish: <i>Estatutos de Autonomía</i>, in Basque: <i>Autonomia Estatutuen</i>, in Catalan/Valencian: <i>Estatuts d'Autonomia</i>, in Galician: <i>Estatutos de Autonomía</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"State of Autonomies" (in Spanish: <i>Estado de las Autonomías</i>, in Basque: <i>Autonomien Estatuaren</i>, in Catalan/Valencian: <i>Estat de les Autonomies</i>, in Galician: <i>Estado das Autonomías</i>). Also known as "Autonomous State"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013375_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013375-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in Spanish: <i>Estado Autonómico</i>, in Basque: <i>Autonomia Estatuko</i>, or <i>Estatuaren</i>, in Catalan/Valencian: <i>Estat Autonòmic</i>, in Galician: <i>Estado Autonómico</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lurraldeak-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lurraldeak_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lurraldeak_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Historical territories" or "chartered territories" (in Spanish: <i>territorios históricos</i> or <i>territorios forales</i>, in Basque: <i>lurralde historikoak</i> or <i>foru lurraldeak</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Autonomic pacts" or "autonomic agreements" (in Spanish: <i>pactos autonómicos</i> or <i>acuerdos autonómicos</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Autonomic president", "regional president", or simply "president" (in Spanish: <i>presidente autonómico</i>, <i>presidente regional</i>, or simply <i>presidente</i>; in Catalan/Valencian: <i>president autonòmic</i>, <i>president regional</i>, or simply <i>president</i>; in Galician: <i>presidente autonómico</i>, <i>presidente rexional</i>, or simply <i>presidente</i>). In the Basque language <i>lehendakari</i> is not translated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Differential facts", or, "traits" (in Spanish: <i>hechos diferenciales</i>, in Basque: <i>eragin diferentziala</i>, in Catalan/Valencian: <i>fets diferencials</i>, in Galician: <i>feitos diferenciais</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Charters" (in Spanish: <i>fueros</i>, in Basque: <i>foruak</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Own language (of a community)" or "language proper [to a community]" (in Spanish: <i>lengua propia</i>, in Basque: <i>berezko hizkuntza</i>, in Catalan/Valencian: <i>llengua pròpia</i>, in Galician: <i>lingua propia</i>).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-art2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-art2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 2. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCortes_Generales_(Spanish_Parliament)1978" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a> (Spanish Parliament) (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/titulos/articulos.jsp?ini=1&fin=9&tipo=2">"Título Preliminar"</a>. <i>Spanish Constitution of 1978</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spanish+Constitution+of+1978&rft.atitle=T%C3%ADtulo+Preliminar&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Cortes+Generales+%28Spanish+Parliament%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congreso.es%2Fconsti%2Fconstitucion%2Findice%2Ftitulos%2Farticulos.jsp%3Fini%3D1%26fin%3D9%26tipo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-art143-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-art143_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 143. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortes_Generales_(Spanish_Parliament)1978" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a> (Spanish Parliament) (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/titulos/articulos.jsp?ini=137&fin=158&tipo=2">"Título VIII. De la Organización Territorial del Estado"</a>. <i>Spanish Constitution of 1978</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spanish+Constitution+of+1978&rft.atitle=T%C3%ADtulo+VIII.+De+la+Organizaci%C3%B3n+Territorial+del+Estado&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Cortes+Generales+%28Spanish+Parliament%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congreso.es%2Fconsti%2Fconstitucion%2Findice%2Ftitulos%2Farticulos.jsp%3Fini%3D137%26fin%3D158%26tipo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tanja-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tanja_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tanja_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tanja_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBörzel2002" class="citation book cs1">Börzel, Tanja A (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j1YzvIIiOAYC"><i>States and Regions in the European Union</i></a>. University Press, Cambridge. pp. 93–151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521008600" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521008600"><bdi>978-0521008600</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=States+and+Regions+in+the+European+Union&rft.pages=93-151&rft.pub=University+Press%2C+Cambridge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0521008600&rft.aulast=B%C3%B6rzel&rft.aufirst=Tanja+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj1YzvIIiOAYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColino202075-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColino202075_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColino2020">Colino 2020</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinopsis145-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sinopsis145_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacigalupo_Sagesse2005" class="citation web cs1">Bacigalupo Sagesse, Mariano (June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=145&tipo=2">"Sinópsis of Article 145"</a>. <i>Constitución española (con sinópsis)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of the Deputies</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constituci%C3%B3n+espa%C3%B1ola+%28con+sin%C3%B3psis%29&rft.atitle=Sin%C3%B3psis+of+Article+145&rft.date=2005-06&rft.aulast=Bacigalupo+Sagesse&rft.aufirst=Mariano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.congreso.es%2Fconsti%2Fconstitucion%2Findice%2Fsinopsis%2Fsinopsis.jsp%3Fart%3D145%26tipo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fiscal-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fiscal_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiscal_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiscal_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiscal_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiscal_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuíz-Huerta_CarbonellHerrero_Alcalde2008" class="citation book cs1">Ruíz-Huerta Carbonell, Jesús; Herrero Alcalde, Ana (2008). "Fiscal Equalization in Spain". In Bosch, Núria; Durán, José María (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ngoAEwlqMIsC"><i>Fiscal Federalism and Political Decentralization: Lessons from Spain, Germany and Canada</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publisher Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847204677" title="Special:BookSources/9781847204677"><bdi>9781847204677</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fiscal+Equalization+in+Spain&rft.btitle=Fiscal+Federalism+and+Political+Decentralization%3A+Lessons+from+Spain%2C+Germany+and+Canada&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publisher+Limited&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781847204677&rft.aulast=Ru%C3%ADz-Huerta+Carbonell&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs&rft.au=Herrero+Alcalde%2C+Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DngoAEwlqMIsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013375-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013375_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013375_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArbós_Marín2013">Arbós Marín 2013</a>, p. 375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSynopsis_of_Article_1372011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=137&tipo=2">"Synopsis of Article 137 of the Spanish Constitucion"</a> (in Spanish). Congreso de los Diputados [Congress]. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Synopsis+of+Article+137+of+the+Spanish+Constitucion&rft.pub=Congreso+de+los+Diputados+%5BCongress%5D&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.congreso.es%2Fconsti%2Fconstitucion%2Findice%2Fsinopsis%2Fsinopsis.jsp%3Fart%3D137%26tipo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span> paragraph 2-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-villar-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-villar_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-villar_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillar1998" class="citation web cs1">Villar, Fernando P. (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927225951/http://www.stormingmedia.us/46/4624/A462453.html">"Nationalism in Spain: Is It a Danger to National Integrity?"</a>. Storming Media, Pentagon Reports. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stormingmedia.us/46/4624/A462453.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nationalism+in+Spain%3A+Is+It+a+Danger+to+National+Integrity%3F&rft.pub=Storming+Media%2C+Pentagon+Reports&rft.date=1998-06&rft.aulast=Villar&rft.aufirst=Fernando+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stormingmedia.us%2F46%2F4624%2FA462453.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shabad-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shabad_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shabad_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shabad_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shabad_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShabadGunther1982" class="citation journal cs1">Shabad, Goldie; Gunther, Richard (July 1982). "Language, Nationalism and Political Conflict in Spain". <i>Comparative Politics</i>. <b>14</b> (4). Comparative Politics Vol 14 No. 4: 443–477. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F421632">10.2307/421632</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/421632">421632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=Language%2C+Nationalism+and+Political+Conflict+in+Spain&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=443-477&rft.date=1982-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F421632&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F421632%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shabad&rft.aufirst=Goldie&rft.au=Gunther%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno2007_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoreno2007">Moreno 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConversi2002-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConversi2002_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConversi2002">Conversi 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández2008-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández2008_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoreno_Fernández2008">Moreno Fernández 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frans-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frans_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frans_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frans_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrijver2006" class="citation book cs1">Schrijver, Frans (30 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u8gZklxHTMUC"><i>Regionalism after Regionalisation. Spain, France and the United Kingdom</i></a>. Vossiupers UvA. Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9056294281" title="Special:BookSources/978-9056294281"><bdi>978-9056294281</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regionalism+after+Regionalisation.+Spain%2C+France+and+the+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Vossiupers+UvA.+Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2006-06-30&rft.isbn=978-9056294281&rft.aulast=Schrijver&rft.aufirst=Frans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du8gZklxHTMUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández200878,_79-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreno_Fernández200878,_79_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoreno_Fernández2008">Moreno Fernández 2008</a>, pp. 78, 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColomer1998-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColomer1998_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColomer1998">Colomer 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mundo-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mundo_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mundo_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mundo_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAparicio" class="citation web cs1">Aparicio, Sonia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2005/06/espana/estatutos_autonomia/historia.html">"Café para Todos"</a>. <i>La España de las Autonomías. 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"El Estado de las Autonomías en Tiempo de Reformas" [The State of the Autonomies in the time of reforms]. In Vidal Beltrán, José María; García Herrera, Miguel Ángel (eds.). <i>El Estado Autonómico: Integración, Solidaridad, Diversidad</i> [<i>The Autonomous State: Integration, Solidarity, Diversity.</i>]. Vol. 1. Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública. pp. 39–64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8478799770" title="Special:BookSources/978-8478799770"><bdi>978-8478799770</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/83606618">83606618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+Estado+de+las+Autonom%C3%ADas+en+Tiempo+de+Reformas&rft.btitle=El+Estado+Auton%C3%B3mico%3A+Integraci%C3%B3n%2C+Solidaridad%2C+Diversidad.&rft.pages=39-64&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Administraci%C3%B3n+P%C3%BAblica&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F83606618&rft.isbn=978-8478799770&rft.aulast=Portero+Molina&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinopsis2-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sinopsis2_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelgado-Ibarren_García-Campero2005" class="citation web cs1">Delgado-Ibarren García-Campero, Manuel (June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=2&tipo=2">"Sinópsis artículo 2"</a>. <i>Constitución española (con sinópsis)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of the Deputies</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mreza-mira.net/wp-content/uploads/Devolution-in-Spain-May-2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devolution+of+Powers+in+Spain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mreza-mira.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FDevolution-in-Spain-May-2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeis.edu/departments/politics/researchcircle/publications/docs/chernyha-burgpaper.pdf">Devolution and Democracy: Identity, Preferences, and Voting in the Spanish "State of Autonomies"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perez-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perez_30-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez_Royo1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pérez Royo, Javier (December 1999). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=%C2%BFReformamos+la+Constituci%C3%B3n%3F&rft.date=2012-09-30&rft.aulast=Barber%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsociedad.elpais.com%2Fsociedad%2F2012%2F09%2F30%2Factualidad%2F1349028022_631925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinopsis143-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sinopsis143_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonso_de_Antonio2003" class="citation web cs1">Alonso de Antonio, José Antonio (June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=143&tipo=2">"Sinópsis artículo 143"</a>. <i>Constitución española (con sinópsis)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of the Deputies</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Spain. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i> Accessed 10 December 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeating200622-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeating200622_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeating200622_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeating200622_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeating2006">Keating 2006</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pactos-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pactos_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aparicio, Sonia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2005/06/espana/estatutos_autonomia/historia2.html">Los Pactos Autonómicos</a>. El Mundo. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consideraciones+sobre+la+Reforma+de+los+Estatutos+de+Autonom%C3%ADa+de+las+Comunidades+Aut%C3%B3nomas&rft.btitle=La+Reforma+Constitucional%3A+XXVI+Jornadas+de+Estudio+%2827%2C+28+y+29+de+octubre+de+2004%29&rft.pub=Direcci%C3%B3n+del+Servicio+Jur%C3%ADdico+del+Estado&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-84-7787-815-5&rft.aulast=Rebollo&rft.aufirst=Luis+Mart%C3%ADn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAuv9-CI_Mv8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1979/12/09/espana/313542004_850215.html">"El referéndum de iniciativa, barrera no exigida a las nacionalidades históricas"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). 9 December 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+refer%C3%A9ndum+de+iniciativa%2C+barrera+no+exigida+a+las+nacionalidades+hist%C3%B3ricas&rft.date=1979-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F1979%2F12%2F09%2Fespana%2F313542004_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acuerdos-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acuerdos_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acuerdos_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idpbarcelona.net/docs/recerca/ccaa/pdf/documentos/acuerd_auton_gob_psoe_1981.pdf">"Acuerdos Autonómicos firmados por el Gobierno de la Nación y el Partido Socialista Obrero Español el 31 de julio de 1981"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 31 July 1981<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Rubalcaba%2C+a+favor+de+cambiar+la+Constituci%C3%B3n+para+ir+a+un+Estado+federal&rft.date=2012-09-24&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Vera+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.au=Pa%C3%ADs%2C+El&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitica.elpais.com%2Fpolitica%2F2012%2F09%2F24%2Factualidad%2F1348472542_065250.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navarro-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navarro_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodico.cat/ca/noticias/politica/navarro-candidatura-psc-eleccions-autonomiques-terrassa-2214254">"Navarro presenta la seva candidatura aquesta tarda a Terrassa"</a>. El Periódico de Catalunya. 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navarro+presenta+la+seva+candidatura+aquesta+tarda+a+Terrassa&rft.pub=El+Peri%C3%B3dico+de+Catalunya&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.cat%2Fca%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2Fnavarro-candidatura-psc-eleccions-autonomiques-terrassa-2214254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013395-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArbós_Marín2013395_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArbós_Marín2013">Arbós Marín 2013</a>, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treviño-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Treviño_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publico.es/espana/451845/trevino-quiere-ser-vasco">"Treviño quiere ser vasco"</a>. Público. 8 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trevi%C3%B1o+quiere+ser+vasco&rft.date=2013-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.es%2Fespana%2F451845%2Ftrevino-quiere-ser-vasco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDLínea-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EDLínea_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/andalucia/cadiz/proces-linea-concepcion-independizarse-andalucia-muere-supremo_1_10552188.html">"El 'procés' de La Línea de la Concepción para independizarse de Andalucía muere en el Supremo"</a>. <i>elDiario.es</i> (in Spanish). 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=elDiario.es&rft.atitle=El+%27proc%C3%A9s%27+de+La+L%C3%ADnea+de+la+Concepci%C3%B3n+para+independizarse+de+Andaluc%C3%ADa+muere+en+el+Supremo&rft.date=2023-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fandalucia%2Fcadiz%2Fproces-linea-concepcion-independizarse-andalucia-muere-supremo_1_10552188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carreras-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carreras_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carreras_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carreras_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carreras_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Carreras_Serra2005" class="citation book cs1">de Carreras Serra, Francesc (2005). "El Estado de las Autonomías en España". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zkclm60b_yoC"><i>Descentralización en Perspectiva Comparada: España, Colombia y Brasil</i></a>. Plural Editores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9990563573" title="Special:BookSources/978-9990563573"><bdi>978-9990563573</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Congreso Ibeoramericano de Derecho Constitucional. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://congreso.us.es/cidc/Ponencias/federalismo/eliseo%20AJA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Estado+Auton%C3%B3mico+de+Espa%C3%B1a+a+los+25+a%C3%B1os+de+su+constituci%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Congreso+Ibeoramericano+de+Derecho+Constitucional&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Aja&rft.aufirst=Eliseo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcongreso.us.es%2Fcidc%2FPonencias%2Ffederalismo%2Feliseo%2520AJA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howmuch-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-howmuch_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/12501023">"How much is enough? Devolution has been good for Spain, but it may have gone too far"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 6 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=How+much+is+enough%3F+Devolution+has+been+good+for+Spain%2C+but+it+may+have+gone+too+far&rft.date=2008-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F12501023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cinco-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cinco_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cincodias.com/articulo/economia/madrid-aporta-estado-doble-cataluna/20071129cdscdieco_1/">"Madrid aporta al Estado más del doble que Cataluña"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madrid+aporta+al+Estado+m%C3%A1s+del+doble+que+Catalu%C3%B1a&rft.pub=Cinco+D%C3%ADas&rft.date=2007-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincodias.com%2Farticulo%2Feconomia%2Fmadrid-aporta-estado-doble-cataluna%2F20071129cdscdieco_1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hacienda-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hacienda_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinisterio_de_Hacienda_y_Administraciones_Públicas_(Ministry_of_the_Treasury_and_Public_Administrations)" class="citation web cs1">Ministerio de Hacienda y Administraciones Públicas (Ministry of the Treasury and Public Administrations). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minhap.gob.es/es-ES/Areas%20Tematicas/Financiacion%20Autonomica/Paginas/Regimen%20foral.aspx">"Régimen foral"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9gimen+foral&rft.au=Ministerio+de+Hacienda+y+Administraciones+P%C3%BAblicas+%28Ministry+of+the+Treasury+and+Public+Administrations%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minhap.gob.es%2Fes-ES%2FAreas%2520Tematicas%2FFinanciacion%2520Autonomica%2FPaginas%2FRegimen%2520foral.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toboso-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toboso_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toboso_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToboso2001" class="citation web cs1">Toboso, Fernando (1 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518201932/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-870986501.html">"Un Primer Análisis Cuantitativo de la Organización Territorial de las Tareas de Gobierno en España, Alemania y Suiza"</a>. El Trimestre Económico. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-870986501.html">the original</a> on 18 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+Primer+An%C3%A1lisis+Cuantitativo+de+la+Organizaci%C3%B3n+Territorial+de+las+Tareas+de+Gobierno+en+Espa%C3%B1a%2C+Alemania+y+Suiza&rft.pub=El+Trimestre+Econ%C3%B3mico&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.aulast=Toboso&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P3-870986501.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-preamble-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-preamble_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preamble to the Constitution. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortes_Generales1978" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a> (27 December 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/espana/leyfundamental/paginas/index.aspx">"Spanish Constitution"</a>. 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Tribunal Constitucional de España. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/en/constitucion/Pages/ConstitucionIngles.aspx#i1">the original</a> on 17 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Support+for+Improvement+in+Governance+and+Management&rft.atitle=Federalism+and+the+Balance+of+Power+in+European+States&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F61%2F8%2F37890628.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreno_Fernández2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moreno Fernández, Luis Miguel (2008) [April 1997]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVzC9t5sxBMC"><i>La federalización de España. Poder político y territorio</i></a> [<i>The federalisation of Spain. Political power and territory.</i>] (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Siglo XXI España Editores. pp. 98, 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8432312939" title="Special:BookSources/978-8432312939"><bdi>978-8432312939</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+federalizaci%C3%B3n+de+Espa%C3%B1a.+Poder+pol%C3%ADtico+y+territorio&rft.pages=98%2C+99&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Siglo+XXI+Espa%C3%B1a+Editores&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-8432312939&rft.aulast=Moreno+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Luis+Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOVzC9t5sxBMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreno2007" class="citation book cs1">Moreno, Luis (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/177010">"Federalisation in Multinational Spain"</a>. In Burgess, Michael; Pinder, John (eds.). <i>Multinational Federations</i>. Routledge. pp. 86–107. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F177010">10261/177010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41490-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41490-6"><bdi>978-0-415-41490-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1257713892">1257713892</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308234940/https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/177010">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Federalisation+in+Multinational+Spain&rft.btitle=Multinational+Federations&rft.pages=86-107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F177010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1257713892&rft.isbn=978-0-415-41490-6&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.csic.es%2Fhandle%2F10261%2F177010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutonomous+communities+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_communities_of_Spain&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rulers.org/spanautc.html">Information about Spain's Autonomous Communities from rulers.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/government/spain_government.html">Relations between tiers – CityMayors feature</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autonomous communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/96px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/128px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/45px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">First-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Andorra" title="Parishes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Administrative divisions of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_states_of_Austria" title="Federal states of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Belarus" title="Regions of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Regions of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iceland" title="Regions of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Kazakhstan" title="Regions of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Latvia" title="Administrative divisions of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Liechtenstein" title="Municipalities of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Luxembourg" title="Cantons of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moldova" title="Administrative divisions of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco#Administrative_divisions" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_North_Macedonia" title="Municipalities of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Slovakia" title="Regions of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Slovenia" title="Municipalities of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kosovo" title="Districts of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Districts of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Ossetia" title="Administrative divisions of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Transnistria" title="Administrative divisions of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">Table of administrative divisions by country</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li><li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Albacete" title="Province of Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alicante" title="Province of Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Badajoz" title="Province of Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Province of Cáceres">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Province of Castellón">Castellón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Province of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuenca" title="Province of Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Girona" title="Province of Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Granada" title="Province of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Guadalajara" title="Province of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huelva" title="Province of Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huesca" title="Province of Huesca">Huesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Palmas" title="Province of Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lleida" title="Province of Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Seville" title="Province of Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Tarragona" title="Province of Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Teruel" title="Province of Teruel">Teruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Toledo" title="Province of Toledo">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valencia" title="Province of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zaragoza" title="Province of Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spain_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spain_topics" title="Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spain_topics" title="Template talk:Spain topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spain_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spain_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spanish_history" title="Timeline of Spanish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Prehistoric Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hispania" title="Timeline of Hispania">Ancient History Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Spain in the Middle Ages">Medieval Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1808%E2%80%931874)" title="History of Spain (1808–1874)">Reaction and revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_history_of_Spain" title="Contemporary history of Spain">Contemporary Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">1975–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">General overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Spain" title="Military history of Spain">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle" title="Spanish miracle">Spanish miracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain" title="Geography of Spain">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Autonomous_cities">Autonomous cities</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autonomous communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">ranked lists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Europe_and_North_America" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America">Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Spain" title="Template:Borders of Spain">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Spain" title="Climate of Spain">Climate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">Comarcas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Spain" title="List of earthquakes in Spain">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Spain" title="List of extreme points of Spain">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Forests of the Iberian Peninsula">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spain" title="Peninsular Spain">Peninsular Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Spain" title="List of islands of Spain">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Spain" title="List of municipalities of Spain">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Spain" title="List of national parks of Spain">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Community_Importance_in_Spain" title="List of Sites of Community Importance in Spain">Natural Sites of Community Importance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Spain" title="Wildlife of Spain">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autonomous communities of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Spain" title="Corruption in Spain">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Head of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Judiciary of Spain">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain" title="Human rights in Spain">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Spain">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Spain" title="Intersex rights in Spain">Intersex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Spain" title="List of wars involving Spain">Wars and armed conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spain" title="Economy of Spain">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Spain" title="Agriculture in Spain">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Spain" title="List of banks in Spain">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain">Car industry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Communities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by gross domestic product">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by unemployment rate">unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_median_income" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by median income">median income</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Spain" title="Energy in Spain">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932014_Spanish_financial_crisis" title="2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Spain" title="Forestry in Spain">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Spanish_companies" title="List of largest Spanish companies">Largest companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Spain" title="Taxation in Spain">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_property_bubble" title="Spanish property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Spain" title="Science and technology in Spain">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Spain" title="Telecommunications in Spain">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" title="Tourism in Spain">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Spain" title="List of trade unions in Spain">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Spain" title="Transport in Spain">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Spain" title="Category:Society of Spain">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Spain" title="Abortion in Spain">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Spain" title="Crime in Spain">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_Spain" title="Disability in Spain">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Spain" title="Euthanasia in Spain">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Spain" title="Health care in Spain">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Spain" title="Homelessness in Spain">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Spain" title="Immigration to Spain">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Spain" title="Irreligion in Spain">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Spanish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturism in Spain">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Spain" title="Pensions in Spain">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Spain" title="Prostitution in Spain">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Spain" title="Time in Spain">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Spain" title="Women in Spain">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_art" title="Spanish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Fiestas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_National_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain">National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_International_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of International Tourist Interest of Spain">International Interest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_literature" title="Spanish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Spain" title="Mass media in Spain">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_mythology" title="Spanish mythology">Myths and legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">National and regional identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Spain" title="National Day of Spain">National Day of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Spain" title="Public holidays in Spain">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Spain" title="Sport in Spain">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Spain">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Spain" title="National symbols of Spain">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain" title="Coat of arms of Spain">Coat of arms</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_bull" title="Osborne bull"><i>Toro de Osborne</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spain" title="Category:Spain">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Designations_for_types_of_administrative_division" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Template:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Template talk:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Designations_for_types_of_administrative_division" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Designations for types of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="English_terms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="List of terms for administrative divisions">English terms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Common_English_terms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_area" title="Local government area">Local government area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Areas_Board" title="Special Areas Board">Special area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_area" title="Unorganized area">Unorganized area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">County borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canton_(administrative_division)" title="Canton (administrative division)">Canton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Half-canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-canton">Half-canton</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">Federal capital</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_city#Origins" title="Capital city">Imperial capital</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">Autonomous city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter city">Charter city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated city">Incorporated city</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial city">Imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_free_city" title="Royal free city">Royal free city</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_(administrative_division)" title="Community (administrative division)">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autonomous community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_community" title="Residential community">Residential community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">Administrative county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_county" title="Autonomous county">Autonomous county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscountcy">Viscounty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas country">Overseas country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_(administrative_division)" title="Department (administrative division)">Department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District" title="District">District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital district">Capital district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_district" title="City district">City district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_district" title="Congressional district">Congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electoral district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government district">Indian government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_district" title="Land district">Land district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Manitoba#Local_government_districts" title="List of municipalities in Manitoba">Local government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan district">Metropolitan district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">Military district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_district" title="Municipal district">Municipal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_district" title="Police district">Police district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_district" title="Regional district">Regional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">Rural district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">Sanitary district</a></li> <li>Service district <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_service_district_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Educational service district (disambiguation)">Educational service district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_service_district" title="Local service district">Local service district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_school_district" title="Intermediate school district">Intermediate school district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_district" title="Urban district">Urban district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Division_(political_geography)" title="Division (political geography)">Division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Census division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_division" title="Police division">Police division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue division">Subdivision of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian reserve/reservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserve</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="City municipality">City municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_municipality" title="County municipality">County municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">Direct-controlled municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_municipality" title="District municipality">District municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral municipality">Neutral municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_municipality" title="Regional municipality">Regional municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_municipality" title="Resort municipality">Resort municipality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_resort_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain resort municipality">Mountain resort municipality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_municipality" title="Rural municipality">Rural municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialized_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialized municipality">Specialized municipality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Autonomous prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subprefecture" title="Subprefecture">Subprefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-prefecture">Super-prefecture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefecture</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_province" title="Autonomous province">Autonomous province</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">Overseas province</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region" title="Special administrative region">Special administrative region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous region">Autonomous region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_region" title="Capital region">Capital region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_region" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital region">National capital region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_region" title="Development region">Development region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoregion_(geography)" title="Mesoregion (geography)">Mesoregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microregion" title="Microregion">Microregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">Overseas region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subregion_(administrative_division)" title="Subregion (administrative division)">Subregion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">Proto-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_state_(polity)" title="Free state (polity)">Free state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital territory">Capital territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal capital territory">Federal capital territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital territory">National capital territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_territory" title="Federal territory">Federal territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated territory">Incorporated territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territory">Organized incorporated territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas territory">Overseas territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">Census town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">Market town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">Township</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_township" title="Paper township">Paper township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_township" title="Survey township">Survey township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_township" title="Urban township">Urban township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional unit">Regional unit</a></li> <li>Territorial unit <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_territorial_unit" title="Autonomous territorial unit">Autonomous territorial unit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" title="Free economic zone">Free economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">Exclusion zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_exclusion_zone" title="Military exclusion zone">Military exclusion zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_speech_zone" title="Free speech zone">Free speech zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_zone_(territorial_entity)" title="Neutral zone (territorial entity)">Neutral zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-administered_zone" title="Self-administered zone">Self-administered zone</a></li> <li>Trade zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_English_terms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria#Alpine_resorts" title="Local government in Victoria">Alpine resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_(administrative_division)" title="Banner (administrative division)">Banner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(district_subdivision)" title="Block (district subdivision)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadastre" title="Cadastre">Cadastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_(administrative_division)" title="Circle (administrative division)">Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">Condominium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency (administrative division)">Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_duchy" title="District duchy">District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">Eldership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">Enclave and exclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">Manor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal manor">Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muftiate" title="Muftiate">Muftiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood" title="Neighbourhood">Neighbourhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(administrative_division)" title="Parish (administrative division)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Precinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republic" title="Autonomous republic">Autonomous republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_(division)" title="Riding (division)">Riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_(administrative_division)" title="Sector (administrative division)">Sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous sector">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">Suzerainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">Townland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">Village</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_summer_villages_in_Alberta" title="List of summer villages in Alberta">Summer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(administrative_division)" title="Agency (administrative division)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_(county_division)" title="Barony (county division)">Barony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate" title="Exarchate">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hide_(unit)" title="Hide (unit)">Hide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Circle">Imperial Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_(territorial_entity)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (territorial entity)">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthon" title="Monthon">Monthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency (administrative division)">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Roman diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_(administrative_division)" title="Seat (administrative division)">Seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_(administrative_division)" title="Tenth (administrative division)">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithing" title="Tithing">Tithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-English_terms_or_loanwords" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-English terms or loanwords</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amt" title="Amt">Amt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apskritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apskritis">Apskritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashki">Bashki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Bezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">Comarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">Freguesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">Fu</a></li> <li>Gemeinde <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(South_Tyrol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (South Tyrol)">South Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeente_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gemeente (disambiguation)">Gemeente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Gmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromada" title="Hromada">Hromada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude%C8%9B" title="Județ">Județ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong" title="Kampong">Kampong</a></li> <li>Kommun/Kunta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sweden" title="Municipalities of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4n" title="Län">Län (Sweden)</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localit%C3%A0" title="Località">Località</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Maakunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Megye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">Muban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">Mukim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%ABsi_administrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Njësi administrative">Njësi administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">Oblast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblast" title="Autonomous oblast">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okrug" title="Okrug">Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Ostān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion" title="Poblacion">Poblacion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purok" title="Purok">Purok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qark" class="mw-redirect" title="Qark">Qark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savivaldyb%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Savivaldybė">Savivaldybė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selsoviet" title="Selsoviet">Selsoviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitio" title="Sitio">Sitio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni%C5%ABnija" class="mw-redirect" title="Seniūnija">Seniūnija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Shahrestān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sum_(administrative_division)" title="Sum (administrative division)">Sum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sums_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Sums of Inner Mongolia">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDsla" title="Sýsla">Sýsla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">Tehsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Townlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">Vingtaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commote" title="Commote">Commote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heerlijkheid" title="Heerlijkheid">Heerlijkheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komun%C3%AB" title="Komunë">Komunë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ping" title="Köping">Köping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korale" title="Korale">Korale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland" title="Provinces of Finland">Län/Lääni</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Landskommun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Maalaiskunta</a></li> <li>Nome <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)" title="Nome (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Greece" title="Prefectures of Greece">Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargana" title="Pargana">Pargana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plas%C4%83" title="Plasă">Plasă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rreth" class="mw-redirect" title="Rreth">Rreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">Satrapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socken" title="Socken">Socken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syssel" title="Syssel">Syssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_(administrative_division)" title="Zhou (administrative division)">Zhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in <i>italics</i>. <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_administration" title="Template:Autonomous types of first-tier administration">Autonomous administration</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Census division</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electoral district</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">List of administrative divisions by country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic-language_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="Template:Slavic-language terms for administrative divisions">Slavic administrative divisions</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">First-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Andorra" title="Parishes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Administrative divisions of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_states_of_Austria" title="Federal states of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Belarus" title="Regions of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Regions of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iceland" title="Regions of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Kazakhstan" title="Regions of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Latvia" title="Administrative divisions of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Liechtenstein" title="Municipalities of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Luxembourg" title="Cantons of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moldova" title="Administrative divisions of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco#Administrative_divisions" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_North_Macedonia" title="Municipalities of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Slovakia" title="Regions of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Slovenia" title="Municipalities of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kosovo" title="Districts of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Districts of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Ossetia" title="Administrative divisions of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Transnistria" title="Administrative divisions of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">Table of administrative divisions by country</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li><li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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