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Its infrequent but important role in impeachment proceedings has also brought it much attention.</p><p>On June 3, 1813, a standing committee on the Judiciary was established by the House of Representatives to consider legislation relating to judicial proceedings. Since that time, the scope of the committee鈥檚 concern has expanded to include not only civil and criminal judicial proceedings and Federal courts and judges, but also issues relating to bankruptcy, espionage, terrorism, the protection of civil liberties, constitutional amendments, immigration and naturalization, interstate compacts, claims against the United States, national penitentiaries, Presidential succession, antitrust law, revision and codification of the statutes of the United States, state and territorial boundary lines and patents, copyrights and trademarks. Particularly important in our time is the Committee鈥檚 oversight responsibility for the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security. Hearings on legislation including the Patriot Act have emphasized the Committee on the Judiciary鈥檚 continuing pursuit of the appropriate balance between constitutional rights and national security.</p><p>Due to the legal nature of the committee鈥檚 work it has been customary for members of the committee to have a legal background. In a time of great change and scientific progress an expanding list of issues, including intellectual property, cloning, and the internet, require committee members to possess a wide breadth of knowledge in order to effectively address concerns from these and other new areas.</p><p>Any legislation that carries a possibility for criminal or civil penalties can be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, so its legislative workload is substantial. The committee鈥檚 weighty agenda has frequently placed it in a central role in American politics, most notably during its consideration of impeachment charges against presidents of the United States in both 1974 and 1998.</p><ul><li>The judiciary and judicial proceedings, civil and criminal.</li><li>Administrative practice and procedure.</li><li>Apportionment of Representatives.</li><li>Bankruptcy, mutiny, espionage, and counterfeiting.</li><li>Civil liberties.</li><li>Constitutional amendments.</li><li>Criminal law enforcement.</li><li>Federal courts and judges, and local courts in the Territories and possessions.</li><li>Immigration policy and non-border enforcement.</li><li>Interstate compacts generally.</li><li>Claims against the United States.</li><li>Members of Congress, attendance of members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner; and their acceptance of incompatible offices.</li><li>National penitentiaries.</li><li>Patents, the Patent and Trademark Office, copyrights, and trademarks.</li><li>Presidential succession.</li><li>Protection of trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies.</li><li>Revision and codification of the Statutes of the United States.</li><li>State and territorial boundary lines.</li><li>Subversive activities affecting the internal security of the United States.</li></ul></div></div></article></div></div><aside class="col-sm-3 pull-right evo-right-sidebar"><div class="page__right__sidebar"><div class="block block--drupaltheme61-republicans-judiciary-second-level-menu"><h2><a href="/about" title="Learn about your Member of Congress." data-drupal-link-system-path="node/15" class="is-active" aria-current="page">The Committee</a></h2><ul block="drupaltheme61_republicans_judiciary_second_level_menu" class="nav flex-column"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/the-committee/the-chairman" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16182">The Chairman</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/about/membership" 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