CINXE.COM
賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖 倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕 - 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕貙 卅蹖賳爻丕蹖讴诘蹎倬蹖丿蹖丕蹖 卅丕夭丕丿
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="ckb" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖 倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕 - 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕貙 卅蹖賳爻丕蹖讴诘蹎倬蹖丿蹖丕蹖 卅丕夭丕丿</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ckbwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","佾\t佻"],"wgDigitTransformTable":[ "0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9","贍\t佟\t佗\t伲\t伽\t佶\t佴\t侑\t侉\t侃"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","讴丕賳賵賵賳蹖 丿賵賵蹠賲","卮賵亘丕鬲","卅丕夭丕乇","賳蹖爻丕賳","卅丕蹖丕乇","丨賵夭蹠蹖乇丕賳","鬲蹠賲賲賵賵夭","卅丕亘","卅蹠蹖賱賵賵賱","鬲卮乇蹖賳蹖 蹖蹠讴蹠賲","鬲卮乇蹖賳蹖 丿賵賵蹠賲","讴丕賳賵賵賳蹖 蹖蹠讴蹠賲"],"wgRequestId":"a34afaae-8c1f-4f83-8edf-bfd5e84ab6ac","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Category_talk","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":15,"wgPageName":"賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖_倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖_鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕","wgTitle":"賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ckb","wgPageContentLanguage":"ckb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖_倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖_鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionCreate":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ckb","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"ckb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":0,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"visual","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":true,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.gadget.CommonsDirect","ext.gadget.cgiircbox","ext.gadget.markAdmins","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.defaultsummaries","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.NotifCountTitle","ext.gadget.autosign","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ckb&modules=ext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ckb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ckb&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ckb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖 倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕 - 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕貙 卅蹖賳爻丕蹖讴诘蹎倬蹖丿蹖丕蹖 卅丕夭丕丿"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ckb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖" href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕 (ckb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ckb.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ckb"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="賮蹖丿蹖 Atom 亘蹎 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate-shown ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-15 ns-talk mw-editable page-賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖_倬蹎賱_賲蹘跇賵賵蹖_鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕 rootpage-賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖_倬蹎賱_賲蹘跇賵賵蹖_鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">亘蹎 賳丕賵蹠跁蹎讴 亘丕夭亘丿蹠</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="倬蹘诏蹠"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">亘禺蹠 賱丕鬲蹠賳蹖卮鬲</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">亘卮丕乇蹠賵蹠</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 跁蹘丿蹎夭蹖 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%A9" title="爻蹠乇丿丕賳蹖 倬蹠跁蹠蹖 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖 亘讴蹠 [z]" accesskey="z"><span>丿蹠爻鬲倬蹘讴</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="夭丕賳蹖丕乇蹖 倬蹘卮蹖賳蹠 亘蹠丿蹠爻鬲 亘诰蹘賳蹠 丿蹠乇亘丕乇蹠蹖 亘蹎賳蹠 诰蹠賳賵賵讴蹠蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳"><span>跁賵賵丿丕賵蹠 诰蹠賳賵賵讴蹠蹖蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%8C%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠讴 亘蹠 賴蹠诘讴蹠賵鬲 賳蹖卮丕賳 亘丿蹠 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>賵鬲丕乇蹘讴 亘蹠 诰蹠诘讴蹠賵鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 诰蹠诘爻賵讴蹠賵鬲 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%95%DB%86%DA%A9" title="卮賵蹘賳蹖 鬲蹘诏蹠蹖卮鬲賳"><span>蹖丕乇賲蹠鬲蹖</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA"><span>丿蹠乇亘丕乇蹠蹖 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="爻蹠亘丕乇蹠鬲 亘蹠 倬跁蹎跇蹠讴蹠貙 趩蹖 丿蹠鬲賵丕賳蹖 亘讴蹠蹖鬲貙 賱蹠 讴賵蹘 卮鬲蹠讴丕賳 亘丿蹎夭蹖鬲蹠賵蹠"><span>丿蹠乇賵丕夭蹠蹖 讴蹎賲蹠诘诏蹠</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="賱蹖爻鬲蹖 丿賵丕蹖蹖賳 诏蹎跁丕賳讴丕乇蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳 賱蹠賲 賵蹖讴蹖蹖蹠丿丕 [r]" accesskey="r"><span>丿賵丕蹖蹖賳 诏蹎跁丕賳讴丕乇蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C"><span>倬蹠跁蹠蹖 倬蹠蹖賵蹠賳丿蹖</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%A9" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ckb.svg" style="width: 5.25em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="卅蹖賳爻丕蹖讴诘蹎倬蹖丿蹖丕蹖 卅丕夭丕丿" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ckb.svg" width="83" height="17" style="width: 5.1875em; height: 1.0625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="賱蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕 亘诏蹠跁蹘 [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>诏蹠跁丕賳</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="賱蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕丿丕 亘诏蹠跁蹘" aria-label="賱蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕丿丕 亘诏蹠跁蹘" autocapitalize="sentences" title="賱蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕 亘诏蹠跁蹘 [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲:诏蹠跁丕賳"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">亘诏蹠跁蹘</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="卅丕賲跁丕夭蹠 鬲丕讴蹠讴蹠爻蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="跁賵丕诘蹠鬲"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="跁賵丕诘蹠鬲" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">跁賵丕诘蹠鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb" class=""><span>亘蹠禺卮蹖賳 亘蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="鬲蹎 诰丕賳 丿蹠丿乇蹘蹖鬲 讴蹠 诰蹠跇賲丕乇蹘讴 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠蹖鬲 賵 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貙 卅蹠賲蹠 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖 賳蹖蹖蹠 亘蹠诰蹠乇丨丕诘" class=""><span>诰蹠跇賲丕乇 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="倬蹘卮賳蹖丕乇鬲 倬蹘丿蹠讴乇蹘 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貨 诰蹠乇趩蹠賳丿蹠 夭蹎乇鬲 賱蹘賳丕讴乇蹘 [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>亘趩蹎 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="诰蹠诘亘跇丕乇丿蹠蹖 夭蹖丕鬲乇" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="卅丕賲跁丕夭蹠 鬲丕讴蹠讴蹠爻蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">卅丕賲跁丕夭蹠 鬲丕讴蹠讴蹠爻蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb"><span>亘蹠禺卮蹖賳 亘蹠 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="鬲蹎 诰丕賳 丿蹠丿乇蹘蹖鬲 讴蹠 诰蹠跇賲丕乇蹘讴 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠蹖鬲 賵 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貙 卅蹠賲蹠 爻蹠乇蹠讴蹖 賳蹖蹖蹠 亘蹠诰蹠乇丨丕诘"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>诰蹠跇賲丕乇 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C+%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%3A%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&returntoquery=action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1" title="倬蹘卮賳蹖丕乇鬲 倬蹘丿蹠讴乇蹘 亘趩蹖鬲蹠 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠貨 诰蹠乇趩蹠賳丿蹠 夭蹎乇鬲 賱蹘賳丕讴乇蹘 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>亘趩蹎 跇賵賵乇蹠賵蹠</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 卅蹠賵 倬蹠跁丕賳蹠蹖 亘蹎 卅蹠賵 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖讴蹠乇丕賳蹠賳 讴蹠 賱蹠丿蹠乇蹠賵蹠賳 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" aria-label="夭蹖丕鬲乇 賱蹠爻蹠乇 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖讴乇丿賳 賮蹘乇 亘蹠"><span>夭蹖丕鬲乇 賮蹘乇 亘蹠</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 卅蹠賵 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖蹖丕賳蹠蹖 賱蹠賲 賳丕賵賳蹖卮丕賳蹖 卅丕蹖-倬蹖蹖蹠賵蹠 讴乇丕賵蹠 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>亘蹠卮丿丕乇蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="賱蹘丿賵丕賳 賱蹠爻蹠乇 丿蹠爻鬲讴丕乇蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳 賱蹠賲 卅丕蹖倬蹖 卅蹠丿乇蹠爻蹠賵蹠 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>賱蹘丿賵丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="倬蹘诏蹠"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖 倬蹎賱</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang mw-portlet-lang-icon-only" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector-empty" aria-label="卅蹠賲 賵鬲丕乇蹠 鬲蹠賳蹖丕 亘蹠賲 夭賲丕賳蹠 诰蹠蹖蹠. 賵鬲丕乇蹠讴蹠 亘蹎 夭賲丕賳蹠讴丕賳蹖 鬲乇 夭蹖丕丿 亘讴蹠" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-portlet-lang-heading-empty" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">夭賲丕賳蹠讴丕賳 夭蹖丕丿 亘讴蹠</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="mw-portlet-empty-language-selector-body"> 賳丕賵蹠跁蹎讴蹖 倬蹠跁蹠 亘蹠 夭賲丕賳蹠讴丕賳蹖 鬲乇 倬卮鬲诏蹖乇蹖蹖 賱蹘 賳丕讴乇蹘鬲. </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="卮賵蹘賳賳丕賵蹠讴丕賳"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-category" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="亘蹖賳蹖賳蹖 倬蹠跁蹠蹖 倬蹎賱蹠讴蹠 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>倬蹎賱</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" title="賵鬲賵賵蹘跇 爻蹠亘丕乇蹠鬲 亘蹠 倬蹠跁蹠蹖 賳丕賵蹠跁蹎讴 (卅蹠賲 倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠 賳蹖蹖蹠) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>賵鬲賵賵蹘跇</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">讴賵乇丿蹖</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="亘蹖賳蹖賳蹠讴丕賳"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-edit" class="istalk vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit" title="讴蹎丿蹖 爻蹠乇趩丕賵蹠蹖 卅蹠賲 倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>爻蹠乇趩丕賵蹠 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠</span></a></li><li id="ca-addsection" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=new" title="亘蹠卮蹘讴蹖 賳賵蹘 丿蹠爻鬲 倬蹘 亘讴蹠 [+]" accesskey="+"><span>亘丕亘蹠鬲 丿丕亘賳蹘</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳蹖 倬蹠跁蹠"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">亘禺蹠 賱丕鬲蹠賳蹖卮鬲</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">亘卮丕乇蹠賵蹠</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 讴乇丿蹠賵蹠讴丕賳 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-edit" class="istalk vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit" title="讴蹎丿蹖 爻蹠乇趩丕賵蹠蹖 卅蹠賲 倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>爻蹠乇趩丕賵蹠 丿乇賵爻鬲 亘讴蹠</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-addsection" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=new"><span>亘丕亘蹠鬲 丿丕亘賳蹘</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 诏卮鬲蹖 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95_%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95/%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 诰蹠賲賵賵 倬蹠跁蹠讴丕賳蹖 賵蹖讴蹖 讴蹠 亘蹠爻鬲蹠乇 丿乇丕賵賳 亘蹎 卅蹘乇蹠 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>亘蹠爻鬲蹠乇蹠讴丕賳 亘蹠 卅蹘乇蹠賵蹠</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ckb" title="倬蹠跁诏蹠讴丕賳 亘丕乇 亘讴蹠 [u]" accesskey="u"><span>倬蹠跁诏蹠蹖蹠讴 亘丕乇 亘讴蹠</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="倬蹘跁爻鬲蹖 诰蹠賲賵賵 倬蹠跁蹠 鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲蹠讴丕賳 [q]" accesskey="q"><span>倬蹠跁蹠 鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲蹠讴丕賳</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="賵蹠卮丕賳蹖 趩丕倬蹖 卅蹠賲 倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠 [p]" accesskey="p"><span>賵蹠卮丕賳蹖 卅丕賲丕丿蹠蹖 趩丕倬</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=info" title="夭丕賳蹖丕乇蹖 夭蹖丕鬲乇 賱蹠亘丕乇蹠蹖 卅蹠賲 倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠賵蹠"><span>夭丕賳蹖丕乇蹖蹖 倬蹠跁蹠</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25DB%258C_%25D9%25BE%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%3A%25D9%2585%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%2586%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1"><span>亘蹠爻鬲蹠乇蹖 讴賵乇鬲讴乇丕賵蹠 亘蹠丿蹠爻鬲 亘蹘賳蹠</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25DB%258C_%25D9%25BE%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%3A%25D9%2585%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%2586%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1"><span>讴蹎丿蹖 讴蹖賵卅丕跁 丿丕诏乇蹠</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賱蹠 倬跁蹎跇蹠讴丕賳蹖 鬲乇 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="卅丕賲乇丕夭蹠讴丕賳蹖 倬蹠跁蹠"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="跁賵丕诘蹠鬲"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">跁賵丕诘蹠鬲</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">亘禺蹠 賱丕鬲蹠賳蹖卮鬲</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">亘卮丕乇蹠賵蹠</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">賱蹠 卅蹖賳爻丕蹖讴诘蹎倬蹖丿蹖丕蹖 卅丕夭丕丿蹖 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕賵蹠</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-parser-output noarticletext"><div class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate"><div class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate-text"><h3>賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹘讴 賱蹠爻蹠乇 倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕 丿蹠爻鬲 倬蹘 亘讴蹠</h3><div class="plainlinks"><p><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98" class="mw-redirect" title="蹖丕乇賲蹠鬲蹖:亘蹠讴丕乇诰蹘賳丕賳蹖 倬蹠跁蹠讴丕賳蹖 賵鬲賵賵蹘跇">倬蹠跁蹠讴丕賳蹖 賵鬲賵賵蹘跇</a> 卅蹠賵 倬蹠跁丕賳蹠賳 讴蹠 亘蹠卮丿丕乇亘賵賵丕賳 鬲蹘蹖丿丕 賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖 亘丕卮鬲乇讴乇丿賳蹖 賳丕賵蹠跁蹎讴蹖 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕 丿蹠讴蹠賳. 丿蹠鬲賵丕賳蹖鬲 卅蹠賲 倬蹠跁蹠蹖蹠 亘蹎 丿蹠爻鬲倬蹘讴乇丿賳蹖 賵鬲賵賵蹘跇 亘蹠讴丕乇亘蹘賳蹖鬲 賵 賱蹠诏蹠诘 亘蹠卮丿丕乇亘賵賵丕賳蹖 鬲乇 亘丕爻蹖 趩丕讴爻丕夭蹖讴乇丿賳蹖 倬蹠跁蹠蹖 <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕">倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖 鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕</a> 亘讴蹠蹖鬲. </p></div><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-flaggedElement-primary oo-ui-flaggedElement-progressive oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='0' href='/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=new' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>丿蹠爻鬲 亘蹠 賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹘讴 亘讴蹠</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></div><img src="/w/extensions/DiscussionTools/images/emptystate.svg" class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate-logo" alt=""></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">賵蹠乇诏蹖乇丕賵 賱蹠 芦<a dir="ltr" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖_倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖_鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕">https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/賵鬲賵賵蹘跇蹖_倬蹎賱:賲蹘跇賵賵蹖_鬲蹠讴賳蹎賱蹎跇蹖丕</a>禄</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">爻蹖丕爻蹠鬲蹖 鬲丕蹖亘蹠鬲蹘鬲蹖</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA">丿蹠乇亘丕乇蹠蹖 賵蹖讴蹖倬蹖丿蹖丕</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86">賳丕亘蹠乇倬乇爻蹖蹖蹠讴丕賳</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">倬蹠乇蹠倬蹘丿蹠乇丕賳</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ckb.wikipedia.org">卅丕賲丕乇蹠讴丕賳</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">跁賵賵賳讴乇丿賳蹠賵蹠蹖 讴賵讴蹖</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ckb.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">亘蹖賳蹖賳蹖 賲蹎亘丕蹖賱蹖</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6f5tb","wgBackendResponseTime":137});});</script> </body> </html>