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radon</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: indoor radon"> <meta name="keywords" content="indoor radon"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="indoor radon"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 529</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: indoor radon</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">529</span> Design Criteria for Achieving Acceptable Indoor Radon Concentration </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Valdbj%C3%B8rn%20Rasmussen">T. Valdbjørn Rasmussen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design criteria for achieving an acceptable indoor radon concentration are presented in this paper. The paper suggests three design criteria. These criteria have to be considered at the early stage of the building design phase to meet the latest recommendations from the World Health Organization in most countries. The three design criteria are; first, establishing a radon barrier facing the ground; second, lowering the air pressure in the lower zone of the slab on ground facing downwards; third, diluting the indoor air with outdoor air. The first two criteria can prevent radon from infiltrating from the ground, and the third criteria can dilute the indoor air. By combining these three criteria, the indoor radon concentration can be lowered achieving an acceptable level. In addition, a cheap and reliable method for measuring the radon concentration in the indoor air is described. The provision on radon in the Danish Building Regulations complies with the latest recommendations from the World Health Organization. Radon can cause lung cancer and it is not known whether there is a lower limit for when it is not harmful to human beings. Therefore, it is important to reduce the radon concentration as much as possible in buildings. Airtightness is an important factor when dealing with buildings. It is important to avoid air leakages in the building envelope both facing the atmosphere, e.g. in compliance with energy requirements, but also facing the ground, to meet the requirements to ensure and control the indoor environment. Infiltration of air from the ground underneath a building is the main providing source of radon to the indoor air. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20radiation" title=" natural radiation"> natural radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier" title=" barrier"> barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20lowering" title=" pressure lowering"> pressure lowering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39332/design-criteria-for-achieving-acceptable-indoor-radon-concentration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">528</span> Indoor Radon Concentrations in the High Levels of Uranium Deposit of Phanom and Ko Pha-Ngan Districts, Surat Thani Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanokkan%20Titipornpun">Kanokkan Titipornpun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somphorn%20Sriarpanon"> Somphorn Sriarpanon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apinun%20Titipornpun"> Apinun Titipornpun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Gimsa"> Jan Gimsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tripob%20Bhongsuwan"> Tripob Bhongsuwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noodchanath%20Kongchouy"> Noodchanath Kongchouy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Phanom and Ko Pha-ngan districts of Surat Thani province are known for their high atmospheric radon concentrations from different sources. While Phanom district is located in an active fault zone, the main radon source in Ko Pha-ngan district is the high amounts of equivalent uranium in the ground surface. Survey measurements of the indoor radon concentrations have been carried out in 105 dwellings and 93 workplaces, using CR-39 detectors that were exposed to indoor radon for forty days. Alpha tracks were made visible by chemical etching and counted manually under an optical microscope. The indoor radon concentrations in the two districts were found to vary between 9 and 63 Bq m-3 (Phanom) and 12 and 645 Bq m-3 (Ko Pha-ngan). The geometric mean radon concentration in Ko Pha-ngan district (51±2 Bq m-3) was significantly higher than in the Phanom district (26±1 Bq m-3) at a significance level of p<0.05 (t-test for independent samples). Nevertheless, only in two dwellings (1%), located in Ko Pha-ngan district, radon concentrations (177 and 645 Bq m-3) were found to exceed the limit recommended by the US EPA of 148 Bq m-3. The two houses are probably located near to radon sources which, in combination with low air convection, led to increased indoor levels of radon. Our study also shows that the geometric mean radon concentration was higher in workplaces than in dwellings (0.05 significance level) in both districts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon" title="indoor radon">indoor radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CR-39%20detector" title=" CR-39 detector"> CR-39 detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20fault%20zone" title=" active fault zone"> active fault zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20uranium" title=" equivalent uranium"> equivalent uranium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44717/indoor-radon-concentrations-in-the-high-levels-of-uranium-deposit-of-phanom-and-ko-pha-ngan-districts-surat-thani-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">527</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis for Radon Dispersion Study and Mitigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Visnuprasad">A. K. Visnuprasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20J.%20Jojo"> P. J. Jojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reshma%20Bhaskaran"> Reshma Bhaskaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the distribution of indoor radon concentration in a living room with elevated levels of radon concentration which varies from 22 Bqm-3 to 1533 Bqm-3 in 24 hours. Finite volume method (FVM) was used for the simulation. The simulation results were experimentally validated at 16 points in two horizontal planes (y=1.4m & y=2.0m) using pin-hole dosimeters and at 3 points using scintillation radon monitor (SRM). Passive measurement using pin-hole dosimeters were performed in all seasons. Another simulation was done to find a suitable position for a passive ventilation system for the effective mitigation of radon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon" title="indoor radon">indoor radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20flux" title=" radon flux"> radon flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation%20rate" title=" ventilation rate"> ventilation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pin-hole%20dosimeter" title=" pin-hole dosimeter"> pin-hole dosimeter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66443/computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis-for-radon-dispersion-study-and-mitigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">526</span> A Comparative Study of Indoor Radon Concentrations between Dwellings and Workplaces in the Ko Samui District, Surat Thani Province, Southern Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanokkan%20Titipornpun">Kanokkan Titipornpun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tripob%20Bhongsuwan"> Tripob Bhongsuwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Gimsa"> Jan Gimsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Ko Samui district of Surat Thani province is located in the high amounts of equivalent uranium in the ground surface that is the source of radon. Our research in the Ko Samui district aimed at comparing the indoor radon concentrations between dwellings and workplaces. Measurements of indoor radon concentrations were carried out in 46 dwellings and 127 workplaces, using CR-39 alpha-track detectors in closed-cup. A total of 173 detectors were distributed in 7 sub-districts. The detectors were placed in bedrooms of dwellings and workrooms of workplaces. All detectors were exposed to airborne radon for 90 days. After exposure, the alpha tracks were made visible by chemical etching before they were manually counted under an optical microscope. The track densities were assumed to be correlated with the radon concentration levels. We found that the radon concentrations could be well described by a log-normal distribution. Most concentrations (37%) were found in the range between 16 and 30 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>. The radon concentrations in dwellings and workplaces varied from a minimum of 11 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup> to a maximum of 305 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>. The minimum (11 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>) and maximum (305 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>) values of indoor radon concentrations were found in a workplace and a dwelling, respectively. Only for four samples (3%), the indoor radon concentrations were found to be higher than the reference level recommended by the WHO (100 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>). The overall geometric mean in the surveyed area was <span dir="RTL">32.6±1.65</span> Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>, which was lower than the worldwide average (39 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>). The statistic comparison of the geometric mean indoor radon concentrations between dwellings and workplaces showed that the geometric mean in dwellings (46.0±1.55 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>) was significantly higher than in workplaces (<span dir="RTL">28.8</span>±1.58 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>) at the 0.05 level. Moreover, our study found that the majority of the bedrooms in dwellings had a closed atmosphere, resulting in poorer ventilation than in most of the workplaces that had access to air flow through open doors and windows at daytime. We consider this to be the main reason for the higher geometric mean indoor radon concentration in dwellings compared to workplaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CR-39%20detector" title="CR-39 detector">CR-39 detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon" title=" indoor radon"> indoor radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20in%20dwelling" title=" radon in dwelling"> radon in dwelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20in%20workplace" title=" radon in workplace"> radon in workplace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74858/a-comparative-study-of-indoor-radon-concentrations-between-dwellings-and-workplaces-in-the-ko-samui-district-surat-thani-province-southern-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">525</span> Assessment of Air Pollution in Kindergartens due to Indoor Radon Concentrations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Djounova">Jana Djounova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The World Health Organization proposes an average annual reference level of 100 Bq/m³ to minimize health risks due to radon exposure in buildings. However, if this cannot be achieved under the country's specific conditions, the chosen reference level should not exceed 300 Bq/m³. The World Health Organization recognized the relationship between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer, even at low doses. Radon in buildings is one of the most important indoor air pollutants, with harmful effects on the health of the population and especially children. This study presents the assessment of indoor radon concentration as air pollution and analyzes the exposure to radon of children and workers. Assessment of air pollution and exposure to indoor radon concentrations under the National Science Fund of Bulgaria, in the framework of grant No КП-06-Н23/1/07.12.2018 in kindergartens in two districts of Bulgaria (Razgrad and Silistra). Kindergartens were considered for the following reasons: 1these buildings are generally at the ground and/or the first floor, where radon concentration is generally higher than at upper floors; 2these buildings are attended by children, a population generally considered more sensitive to ionizing radiation, although little data is available for radon exposure. The measurements of indoor radon concentrations were performed with passive methods (CR-39 track detectors) for the period from February to May 2015. One hundred fifty-six state kindergartens on the territories of two districts in Bulgaria have been studied. The variations of radon in the children's premises vary from 9 to 1087 Bq/m³. The established arithmetic mean value of radon levels in the kindergartens in Silistra is 139 Bq/m³ and in Razgrad 152 Bq/m³, respectively. The percentage of kindergarteners, where the radon in premises exceeds the Bulgarian reference level of 300 Bq/m³, was 19%. The exposure of children and workers in those kindergartens is high, so remediation measures of air pollution had been recommended. The difference in radon concentration in kindergartens in two districts was statistically analyzed to assess the influence of geography and geology and the difference <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title=" radon"> radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kindergartens" title=" kindergartens"> kindergartens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detectors" title=" detectors"> detectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139134/assessment-of-air-pollution-in-kindergartens-due-to-indoor-radon-concentrations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">524</span> Time Series Analysis of Radon Concentration at Different Depths in an Underground Goldmine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theophilus%20Adjirackor">Theophilus Adjirackor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederic%20Sam"> Frederic Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20Opoku-Ntim"> Irene Opoku-Ntim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Okoh%20Kpeglo"> David Okoh Kpeglo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prince%20K.%20Gyekye"> Prince K. Gyekye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20K.%20Quashie"> Frank K. Quashie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kofi%20Ofori"> Kofi Ofori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor radon concentrations were collected monthly over a period of one year in 10 different levels in an underground goldmine, and the data was analyzed using a four-moving average time series to determine the relationship between the depths of the underground mine and the indoor radon concentration. The detectors were installed in batches within four quarters. The measurements were carried out using LR115 solid-state nuclear track detectors. Statistical models are applied in the prediction and analysis of the radon concentration at various depths. The time series model predicted a positive relationship between the depth of the underground mine and the indoor radon concentration. Thus, elevated radon concentrations are expected at deeper levels of the underground mine, but the relationship was insignificant at the 5% level of significance with a negative adjusted R2 (R2 = – 0.021) due to an appropriate engineering and adequate ventilation rate in the underground mine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LR115" title="LR115">LR115</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20concentration" title=" radon concentration"> radon concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rime%20series" title=" rime series"> rime series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20goldmine" title=" underground goldmine"> underground goldmine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186013/time-series-analysis-of-radon-concentration-at-different-depths-in-an-underground-goldmine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">523</span> Effectiveness of Radon Remedial Action Implemented in a School on the Island of Ischia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Loffredo">F. Loffredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Quarto"> M. Quarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pugliese"> M. Pugliese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mazzella"> A. Mazzella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20De%20Cicco"> F. De Cicco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Roca"> V. Roca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of radon remedial action in a school on the Ischia island, South Italy, affected by indoor radon concentration higher than the value of 500 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. This value is the limit imposed by the Italian legislation, to above which corrective actions in schools are necessary. Before the application of remedial action, indoor radon concentrations were measured in 9 rooms of the school. The measurements were performed with LR-115 passive alpha detectors (SSNTDs) and E-Perm. The remedial action was conducted in one of the office affected by high radon concentration using a Radonstop paint applied after the construction of a concrete slab under the floor. The effect of remedial action was the reduction of the concentration of radon of 41% and moreover it has demonstrated to be durable over time. The chosen method is cheap and easy to apply and it could be designed for various types of building. This method can be applied to new and existing buildings that show high dose values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-Perm" title="E-Perm">E-Perm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LR%20115%20detectors" title=" LR 115 detectors"> LR 115 detectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20remediation" title=" radon remediation"> radon remediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school" title=" school"> school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67302/effectiveness-of-radon-remedial-action-implemented-in-a-school-on-the-island-of-ischia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">522</span> Time Integrated Measurements of Radon and Thoron Progeny Concentration in Various Dwellings of Bathinda District of Punjab Using Deposition Based Progeny Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirandeep%20Kaur">Kirandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Mehra"> Rohit Mehra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pargin%20Bangotra"> Pargin Bangotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radon and thoron are pervasive radioactive gases and so are their progenies. The progenies of radon and thoron are present in the indoor atmosphere as attached/unattached fractions. In the present work, seasonal variation of concentration of attached and total (attached + unattached) nanosized decay products of indoor radon and thoron has been studied in the dwellings of Bathinda District of Punjab using Deposition based progeny sensors over long integrated times, which are independent of air turbulence. The preliminary results of these measurements are reported particularly regarding DTPS (Direct Thoron Progeny Sensor) and DRPS (Direct Radon Progeny Sensor) for the first time in Bathinda. It has been observed that there is a strong linear relationship in total EERC (Equilibrium Equivalent Radon Concentration) and EETC (Equilibrium Equivalent Thoron Concentration) in rainy season (R2 = 0.83). Further a strong linear relation between total indoor radon concentration and attached fraction has also been observed for the same rainy season (R2= 0.91). The concentration of attached progeny of radon (EERCatt) is 76.3 % of the total Equilibrium Equivalent Radon Concentration (EERC). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoron" title=" thoron"> thoron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progeny" title=" progeny"> progeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTPS%2FDRPS" title=" DTPS/DRPS"> DTPS/DRPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EERC" title=" EERC"> EERC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EETC" title=" EETC"> EETC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variation" title=" seasonal variation"> seasonal variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22527/time-integrated-measurements-of-radon-and-thoron-progeny-concentration-in-various-dwellings-of-bathinda-district-of-punjab-using-deposition-based-progeny-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">521</span> A Follow up Study on Indoor 222Rn, 220Rn and Their Decay Product Concentrations in a Mineralized Zone of Himachal Pradesh, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Bajwa">B. S. Bajwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parminder%20Singh"> Parminder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhjot%20Singh"> Prabhjot Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surinder%20Singh"> Surinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sahoo"> B. K. Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sapra"> B. K. Sapra </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A follow up study was taken up in a mineralized zone situated in Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh, India to investigate high values of radon concentration reported in past studies as well to update the old radon data based on bare SSNTD technique. In the present investigation, indoor radon, thoron and their decay products concentrations have been measured using the newly developed Radon-Thoron discriminating diffusion chamber with single entry face, direct radon and thoron progeny sensors (DRPS/DTPS) respectively. The measurements have been carried out in seventy five dwellings of fourteen different villages. Houses were selected taking into consideration of the past data as well as the type of houses such as mud, concrete, brick etc. It was observed that high values of earlier reported radon concentrations were mainly because of thoron interference in the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (LR-115 type II) exposed in bare mode. Now, the average concentration values and the estimated annual inhalation dose in these villages have been found to be within the reference level as recommended by the ICRP. The annual average indoor radon and thoron concentrations observed in these dwellings have been found to vary from 44±12-157±73 Bq m-3 and 44±11-240±125 Bq m-3 respectively. The equilibrium equivalent concentrations of radon and thoron decay products have been observed to be in the range of 10-63 Bq m-3 and 1-5 Bq m-3 respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoron" title=" thoron"> thoron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progeny%20concentration" title=" progeny concentration"> progeny concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimeter" title=" dosimeter"> dosimeter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22634/a-follow-up-study-on-indoor-222rn-220rn-and-their-decay-product-concentrations-in-a-mineralized-zone-of-himachal-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">520</span> A Study of Indoor Radon, Thoron, Their Progeny Concentration Levels and Inhalation Dose in Dwellings of Different Districts of Punjab State, India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Saini">Komal Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sahoo"> B. K. Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.S.%20Bajwa"> B.S. Bajwa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, indoor radon and thoron concentrations have been estimated using newly developed twin cup based pin hole dosimeter with single entry face in some areas of Punjab state, India. The equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC) of radon and thoron has also been estimated directly by using progeny sensors, fabricated by BARC, India. Observed radon and thoron concentrations varied from 38.7±5.79 to 98.7±13.11 Bq/m3 and 25.38±6.56 to 126.56±14.23 Bq/m3 with an average value of 61.59±8.11 & 70.89±9.52 Bq/m3 respectively. Average equilibrium equivalent concentration of radon and thoron was 27.98±4.66 & 2.24±0.61 Bq/m3. Calculated equilibrium factor for radon and thoron was 0.467 and 0.034 in the present study. Annual inhalation dose calculated from the present observed concentrations, varied from 1.80 to 3.60 mSv/year with an average value of 2.52 mSv/year, which is well within reference level. It has been observed from the present study that thoron is a significant contributor to the inhalation dose which is about 25% of the total inhalation dose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoron" title=" thoron"> thoron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pin%20hole%20cup%20dosimeter" title=" pin hole cup dosimeter"> pin hole cup dosimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTPS%2FDRPS" title=" DTPS/DRPS"> DTPS/DRPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annual%20inhalation%20dose" title=" annual inhalation dose"> annual inhalation dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42356/a-study-of-indoor-radon-thoron-their-progeny-concentration-levels-and-inhalation-dose-in-dwellings-of-different-districts-of-punjab-state-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> Evaluation of Indoor Radon as Air Pollutant in Schools and Control of Exposure of the Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kremena%20Ivanona">Kremena Ivanona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bistra%20Kunovska"> Bistra Kunovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Djunova"> Jana Djunova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Desislava%20Djunakova"> Desislava Djunakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenka%20Stojanovska"> Zdenka Stojanovska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, the general public has become increasingly interested in the impact of air pollutions on their health. Currently, numerous studies are aimed at identifying pollutants in the indoor environment where they carry out daily activities. Internal pollutants can be of both natural and artificial origin. With regard to natural pollutants, special attention is paid to natural radioactivity. In recent years, radon has been one of the most studied indoor pollutants because it has the greatest contribution to human exposure to natural radionuclides. It is a known fact that lung cancer can be caused by radon radiation and it is the second risk factor after smoking for the onset of the disease. The main objective of the study under the National Science Fund of Bulgaria, in the framework of grant No КП-06-Н23/1/07.12.2018 is to evaluate the indoor radon as an important air pollutant in school buildings in order to reduce the exposure to children. The measurements were performed in 48 schools located in 55 buildings in one Bulgarian administrative district (Kardjaly). The nuclear track detectors (CR-39) were used for measurements. The arithmetic and geometric means of radon concentrations are AM = 140 Bq/m3, and GM = 117 Bq/m3 respectively. In 51 school rooms, the radon levels were greater than 200 Bq/m3, and in 28 rooms, located in 17 school buildings, it exceeded the national reference level of 300 Bq/m3, defined in the Bulgarian ordinance on radiation protection (or 30% of the investigated buildings). The statistically significant difference in the values of radon concentration by municipalities (KW, р < 0.001) obtained showed that the most likely reason for the differences between the groups is the geographical location of the buildings and the possible influence of the geological composition. The combined effect of the year of construction (technical condition of the buildings) and the energy efficiency measures was considered. The values of the radon concentration in the buildings where energy efficiency measures have been implemented are higher than those in buildings where they have not been performed. This result confirms the need for investigation of radon levels before conducting the energy efficiency measures in buildings. Corrective measures for reducing the radon levels have been recommended in school buildings with high radon levels in order to decrease the children's exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon" title=" indoor radon"> indoor radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20exposure" title=" children exposure"> children exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools"> schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139146/evaluation-of-indoor-radon-as-air-pollutant-in-schools-and-control-of-exposure-of-the-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> Seasonal Variation of the Unattached Fraction and Equilibrium Factor of ²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajan%20Jakhu">Rajan Jakhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Mehra"> Rohit Mehra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radon (²²²Rn) and its decay products are the major sources of natural radiation exposure to general population. The activity concentrations of radon, thoron gasses, and their unattached and attached short-lived progeny in indoor environment of the Jaipur and Ajmer districts of Rajasthan had been calculated via passive measurements using the Pinhole cup dosimeter, deposition based progeny sensors (DRPS/DTPS) and wire mesh capped (DRPS/DTPS) progeny sensors. The results of this study revealed that radon and thoron concentrations (CRn, CTn) are highest in the winter season. The variation of the radon and its decay products are observed to vary seasonally, but these environmental parameters seem not to be affecting the thoron and its decay product concentrations in a regular manner. The average values of the radon and its decay products are maximum in winter and minimum in summer. The equilibrium factor for radon is observed to be 0.50, 0.47 and 0.49 in winter, rainy and summer seasons. The annual average value of the unattached fraction of the radon progeny comes out to be 0.34. On the other hand, the average value of thoron (²²⁰Rn) concentration and its equilibrium factor in the studied area comes to be 74, 39, 45 Bq m⁻³ and 0.07, 0.11, 0.07 respectively for the winter, rainy and summer seasons with the annual average value of the unattached fraction of about 0.18. The annual average radiological dose from exposure to indoor radon and thoron progeny comes out to be 0.88 and 0.78 mSv. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20factor" title="equilibrium factor">equilibrium factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title=" radon"> radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variation" title=" seasonal variation"> seasonal variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoron" title=" thoron"> thoron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unattached%20fraction" title=" unattached fraction"> unattached fraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73360/seasonal-variation-of-the-unattached-fraction-and-equilibrium-factor-of-222rn-22rn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Status of the European Atlas of Natural Radiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Cinelli">G. Cinelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Tollefsen"> T. Tollefsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Bossew"> P. Bossew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Gruber"> V. Gruber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Braga"> R. Braga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hern%C3%A1ndez-Ceballos"> M. A. Hernández-Ceballos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20De%20Cort"> M. De Cort</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2006, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission started the project of the 'European Atlas of Natural Radiation'. The Atlas aims at preparing a collection of maps of Europe displaying the levels of natural radioactivity caused by different sources (indoor and outdoor radon, cosmic radiation, terrestrial radionuclides, terrestrial gamma radiation, etc). The overall goal of the project is to estimate, in geographical resolution, the annual dose that the public may receive from natural radioactivity, combining all the information from the different radiation components. The first map which has been developed is the European map of indoor radon (Rn) since in most cases Rn is the most important contribution to exposure. New versions of the map are realised when new countries join the project or when already participating countries send new data. We show the latest status of this map which currently includes 25 European countries. Second, the JRC has undertaken to map a variable which measures 'what earth delivers' in terms of Rn. The corresponding quantity is called geogenic radon potential (RP). Due to the heterogeneity of data sources across the Europe there is need to develop a harmonized quantity which at the one hand adequately measures or classifies the RP, and on the other hand is suited to accommodate the variety of input data used to estimate this target quantity. Candidates for input quantities which may serve as predictors of the RP, and for which data are available across Europe, to different extent, are Uranium (U) concentration in rocks and soils, soil gas radon and soil permeability, terrestrial gamma dose rate, geological information and indoor data from ground floor. The European Geogenic Radon Map gives the possibility to characterize areas, on European geographical scale, for radon hazard where indoor radon measurements are not available. Parallel to ongoing work on the European Indoor Radon, Geogenic Radon and Cosmic Radiation Maps, we made progress in the development of maps of terrestrial gamma radiation and U, Th and K concentrations in soil and bedrock. We show the first, preliminary map of the terrestrial gamma dose rate, estimated using the data of ambient dose equivalent rate available from the EURDEP system (about 5000 fixed monitoring stations across Europe). Also, the first maps of U, Th, and K concentrations in soil and bedrock are shown in the present work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20radiation" title=" natural radiation"> natural radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon" title=" indoor radon"> indoor radon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36326/status-of-the-european-atlas-of-natural-radiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> Survey of Indoor Radon/Thoron Concentrations in High Lung Cancer Incidence Area in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoliana%20Bawitlung">Zoliana Bawitlung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Rohmingliana"> P. C. Rohmingliana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Z.%20Chhangte"> L. Z. Chhangte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remlal%20Siama"> Remlal Siama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hming%20Chungnunga"> Hming Chungnunga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanram%20Lawma"> Vanram Lawma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Hnamte"> L. Hnamte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sahoo"> B. K. Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sapra"> B. K. Sapra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Malsawma"> J. Malsawma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mizoram state has the highest lung cancer incidence rate in India due to its high-level consumption of tobacco and its products which is supplemented by the food habits. While smoking is mainly responsible for this incidence, the effect of inhalation of indoor radon gas cannot be discarded as the hazardous nature of this radioactive gas and its progenies on human population have been well-established worldwide where the radiation damage to bronchial cells eventually can be the second leading cause of lung cancer next to smoking. It is also known that the effect of radiation, however, small may be the concentration, cannot be neglected as they can bring about the risk of cancer incidence. Hence, estimation of indoor radon concentration is important to give a useful reference against radiation effects as well as establishing its safety measures and to create a baseline for further case-control studies. The indoor radon/thoron concentrations in Mizoram had been measured in 41 dwellings selected on the basis of spot gamma background radiation and construction type of the houses during 2015-2016. The dwellings were monitored for one year, in 4 months cycles to indicate seasonal variations, for the indoor concentration of radon gas and its progenies, outdoor gamma dose, and indoor gamma dose respectively. A time-integrated method using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) based single entry pin-hole dosimeters were used for measurement of indoor Radon/Thoron concentration. Gamma dose measurements for indoor as well as outdoor were carried out using Geiger Muller survey meters. Seasonal variation of indoor radon/ thoron concentration was monitored. The results show that the annual average radon concentrations varied from 54.07 – 144.72 Bq/m³ with an average of 90.20 Bq/m³ and the annual average thoron concentration varied from 17.39 – 54.19 Bq/m³ with an average of 35.91 Bq/m³ which are below the permissible limit. The spot survey of gamma background radiation level varies between 9 to 24 µR/h inside and outside the dwellings throughout Mizoram which are all within acceptable limits. From the above results, there is no direct indication that radon/thoron is responsible for the high lung cancer incidence in the area. In order to find epidemiological evidence of natural radiations to high cancer incidence in the area, one may need to conduct a case-control study which is beyond this scope. However, the derived data of measurement will provide baseline data for further studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20gamma%20radiation" title="background gamma radiation">background gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon%2Fthoron" title=" indoor radon/thoron"> indoor radon/thoron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variation" title=" seasonal variation"> seasonal variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97049/survey-of-indoor-radonthoron-concentrations-in-high-lung-cancer-incidence-area-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Next Generation Radiation Risk Assessment and Prediction Tools Generation Applying AI-Machine (Deep) Learning Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selim%20M.%20Khan">Selim M. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor air quality is strongly influenced by the presence of radioactive radon (222Rn) gas. Indeed, exposure to high 222Rn concentrations is unequivocally linked to DNA damage and lung cancer and is a worsening issue in North American and European built environments, having increased over time within newer housing stocks as a function of as yet unclear variables. Indoor air radon concentration can be influenced by a wide range of environmental, structural, and behavioral factors. As some of these factors are quantitative while others are qualitative, no single statistical model can determine indoor radon level precisely while simultaneously considering all these variables across a complex and highly diverse dataset. The ability of AI- machine (deep) learning to simultaneously analyze multiple quantitative and qualitative features makes it suitable to predict radon with a high degree of precision. Using Canadian and Swedish long-term indoor air radon exposure data, we are using artificial deep neural network models with random weights and polynomial statistical models in MATLAB to assess and predict radon health risk to human as a function of geospatial, human behavioral, and built environmental metrics. Our initial artificial neural network with random weights model run by sigmoid activation tested different combinations of variables and showed the highest prediction accuracy (>96%) within the reasonable iterations. Here, we present details of these emerging methods and discuss strengths and weaknesses compared to the traditional artificial neural network and statistical methods commonly used to predict indoor air quality in different countries. We propose an artificial deep neural network with random weights as a highly effective method for assessing and predicting indoor radon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20protection" title=" radiation protection"> radiation protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aI-machine%20deep%20learnng" title=" aI-machine deep learnng"> aI-machine deep learnng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20prediction" title=" risk prediction"> risk prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Europe" title=" Europe"> Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20America" title=" North America"> North America</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158995/next-generation-radiation-risk-assessment-and-prediction-tools-generation-applying-ai-machine-deep-learning-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Deep Learning Prediction of Residential Radon Health Risk in Canada and Sweden to Prevent Lung Cancer Among Non-Smokers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selim%20M.%20Khan">Selim M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20A.%20Goodarzi"> Aaron A. Goodarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20M.%20Taron"> Joshua M. Taron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tryggve%20R%C3%B6nnqvist"> Tryggve Rönnqvist</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor air quality, a prime determinant of health, is strongly influenced by the presence of hazardous radon gas within the built environment. As a health issue, dangerously high indoor radon arose within the 20th century to become the 2nd leading cause of lung cancer. While the 21st century building metrics and human behaviors have captured, contained, and concentrated radon to yet higher and more hazardous levels, the issue is rapidly worsening in Canada. It is established that Canadians in the Prairies are the 2nd highest radon-exposed population in the world, with 1 in 6 residences experiencing 0.2-6.5 millisieverts (mSv) radiation per week, whereas the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission sets maximum 5-year occupational limits for atomic workplace exposure at only 20 mSv. This situation is also deteriorating over time within newer housing stocks containing higher levels of radon. Deep machine learning (LSTM) algorithms were applied to analyze multiple quantitative and qualitative features, determine the most important contributory factors, and predicted radon levels in the known past (1990-2020) and projected future (2021-2050). The findings showed gradual downwards patterns in Sweden, whereas it would continue to go from high to higher levels in Canada over time. The contributory factors found to be the basement porosity, roof insulation depthness, R-factor, and air dynamics of the indoor environment related to human window opening behaviour. Building codes must consider including these factors to ensure adequate indoor ventilation and healthy living that can prevent lung cancer in non-smokers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20metrics" title=" building metrics"> building metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSTM%20prediction%20model" title=" LSTM prediction model"> LSTM prediction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canada" title=" canada"> canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweden" title=" sweden"> sweden</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155343/deep-learning-prediction-of-residential-radon-health-risk-in-canada-and-sweden-to-prevent-lung-cancer-among-non-smokers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Radon-222 Concentration and Potential Risk to Workers of Al-Jalamid Phosphate Mines, North Province, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Said.%20I.%20Shabana">El-Said. I. Shabana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20S.%20Tayeb"> Mohammad S. Tayeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maher%20M.%20T.%20Qutub"> Maher M. T. Qutub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulraheem%20A.%20Kinsara"> Abdulraheem A. Kinsara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Usually, phosphate deposits contain <sup>238</sup>U and <sup>232</sup>Th in addition to their decay products. Due to their different pathways in the environment, the <sup>238</sup>U/<sup>232</sup>Th activity concentration ratio usually found to be greater than unity in phosphate sediments. The presence of these radionuclides creates a potential need to control exposure of workers in the mining and processing activities of the phosphate minerals in accordance with IAEA safety standards. The greatest dose to workers comes from exposure to radon, especially <sup>222</sup>Rn from the uranium series, and has to be controlled. In this regard, radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) was measured in the atmosphere (indoor and outdoor) of Al-Jalamid phosphate-mines working area using a portable radon-measurement instrument RAD7, in a purpose of radiation protection. Radon was measured in 61 sites inside the open phosphate mines, the phosphate upgrading facility (offices and rooms of the workers, and in some open-air sites) and in the dwellings of the workers residence-village that lies at about 3 km from the mines working area. The obtained results indicated that the average indoor radon concentration was about 48.4 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. Inside the upgrading facility, the average outdoor concentrations were 10.8 and 9.7 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> in the concentrate piles and crushing areas, respectively. It was 12.3 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> in the atmosphere of the open mines. These values are comparable with the global average values. Based on the average values, the annual effective dose due to radon inhalation was calculated and risk estimates have been done. The average annual effective dose to workers due to the radon inhalation was estimated by 1.32 mSv. The potential excess risk of lung cancer mortality that could be attributed to radon, when considering the lifetime exposure, was estimated by 53.0x10<sup>-4</sup>. The results have been discussed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimetry" title="dosimetry">dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20monitoring" title=" environmental monitoring"> environmental monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20deposits" title=" phosphate deposits"> phosphate deposits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20protection" title=" radiation protection"> radiation protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title=" radon"> radon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52996/radon-222-concentration-and-potential-risk-to-workers-of-al-jalamid-phosphate-mines-north-province-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> A Comparative Time-Series Analysis and Deep Learning Projection of Innate Radon Gas Risk in Canadian and Swedish Residential Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selim%20M.%20Khan">Selim M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dustin%20D.%20Pearson"> Dustin D. Pearson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tryggve%20R%C3%B6nnqvist"> Tryggve Rönnqvist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20E.%20Nielsen"> Markus E. Nielsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20M.%20Taron"> Joshua M. Taron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20A.%20Goodarzi"> Aaron A. Goodarzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accumulation of radioactive radon gas in indoor air poses a serious risk to human health by increasing the lifetime risk of lung cancer and is classified by IARC as a category one carcinogen. Radon exposure risks are a function of geologic, geographic, design, and human behavioural variables and can change over time. Using time series and deep machine learning modelling, we analyzed long-term radon test outcomes as a function of building metrics from 25,489 Canadian and 38,596 Swedish residential properties constructed between 1945 to 2020. While Canadian and Swedish properties built between 1970 and 1980 are comparable (96–103 Bq/m³), innate radon risks subsequently diverge, rising in Canada and falling in Sweden such that 21st Century Canadian houses show 467% greater average radon (131 Bq/m³) relative to Swedish equivalents (28 Bq/m³). These trends are consistent across housing types and regions within each country. The introduction of energy efficiency measures within Canadian and Swedish building codes coincided with opposing radon level trajectories in each nation. Deep machine learning modelling predicts that, without intervention, average Canadian residential radon levels will increase to 176 Bq/m³ by 2050, emphasizing the importance and urgency of future building code intervention to achieve systemic radon reduction in Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20health%20risk" title="radon health risk">radon health risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-series" title=" time-series"> time-series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20machine%20learning" title=" deep machine learning"> deep machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canada" title=" Canada"> Canada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sweden" title=" Sweden"> Sweden</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161187/a-comparative-time-series-analysis-and-deep-learning-projection-of-innate-radon-gas-risk-in-canadian-and-swedish-residential-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> Environmental Impact Assessment of Ceramic Tile Materials Used in Jordan on Indoor Radon Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mefleh%20Hamideen">Mefleh Hamideen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, the activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K, of some ceramic tile materials used in the local market of Jordan for interior decoration were determined by making use of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Twenty samples of the different countries of origin and sizes used in Jordan were analyzed. The concentration values of the last-mentioned radionuclides ranged from 30 Bq.kg⁻¹ (Sample from Jordan) to 98 Bq.kg⁻¹ (Sample from China) for ²²⁶Ra, 31 Bq.kg⁻¹ (Sample from Italy) to 98 Bq.kg⁻¹ (Sample from China) for ²³²Th, and 129 Bq.kg⁻¹ (Sample from Spain) to 679 Bq.kg⁻¹ (Sample from Italy) for ⁴⁰K. Based on the calculated activity concentrations, some radiological parameters have been calculated to test the radiation hazards in the ceramic tiles. In this work, the following parameters: Total absorbed dose rate (DR), Annual effective dose rate (HR), Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), Radon emanation coefficient F (%) and Radon mass exhalation rate (Em) were calculated for all ceramic tiles and listed in the body of the work. Fortunately, the average calculated values of all parameters are less than the recommended values for each parameter. Consequently, almost all the examined ceramic materials appear to have low radon emanation coefficients. As a result of that investigation, no problems on people can appear by using those ceramic tiles in Jordan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20emanation%20coefficient" title="radon emanation coefficient">radon emanation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20mass%20exhalation%20rate" title=" radon mass exhalation rate"> radon mass exhalation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20annual%20effective%20dose" title=" total annual effective dose"> total annual effective dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20level" title=" radon level"> radon level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143499/environmental-impact-assessment-of-ceramic-tile-materials-used-in-jordan-on-indoor-radon-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Exposure to Radon on Air in Tourist Caves in Bulgaria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bistra%20Kunovska">Bistra Kunovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kremena%20Ivanova"> Kremena Ivanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Djounova"> Jana Djounova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Desislava%20Djunakova"> Desislava Djunakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenka%20Stojanovska"> Zdenka Stojanovska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The carcinogenic effects of radon as a radioactive noble gas have been studied and show a strong correlation between radon exposure and lung cancer occurrence, even in the case of low radon levels. The major part of the natural radiation dose in humans is received by inhaling radon and its progenies, which originates from the decay chain of U-238. Indoor radon poses a substantial threat to human health when build-up occurs in confined spaces such as homes, mines and caves and the risk increases with the duration of radon exposure and is proportional to both the radon concentration and the time of exposure. Tourist caves are a case of special environmental conditions that may be affected by high radon concentration. Tourist caves are a recognized danger in terms of radon exposure to cave workers (guides, employees working in shops built above the cave entrances, etc.), but due to the sensitive nature of the cave environment, high concentrations cannot be easily removed. Forced ventilation of the air in the caves is considered unthinkable due to the possible harmful effects on the microclimate, flora and fauna. The risks to human health posed by exposure to elevated radon levels in caves are not well documented. Various studies around the world often detail very high concentrations of radon in caves and exposure of employees but without a follow-up assessment of the overall impact on human health. This study was developed in the implementation of a national project to assess the potential health effects caused by exposure to elevated levels of radon in buildings with public access under the National Science Fund of Bulgaria, in the framework of grant No КП-06-Н23/1/07.12.2018. The purpose of the work is to assess the radon level in Bulgarian caves and the exposure of the visitors and workers. The number of caves (sampling size) was calculated for simple random selection from total available caves 65 (sampling population) are 13 caves with confidence level 95 % and confidence interval (margin of error) approximately 25 %. A measurement of the radon concentration in air at specific locations in caves was done by using CR-39 type nuclear track-etch detectors that were placed by the participants in the research team. Despite the fact that all of the caves were formed in karst rocks, the radon levels were rather different from each other (97–7575 Bq/m3). An assessment of the influence of the orientation of the caves in the earth's surface (horizontal, inclined, vertical) on the radon concentration was performed. Evaluation of health hazards and radon risk exposure causing by inhaling the radon and its daughter products in each surveyed caves was done. Reducing the time spent in the cave has been recommended in order to decrease the exposure of workers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20caves" title="tourist caves">tourist caves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20concentration" title=" radon concentration"> radon concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure" title=" exposure"> exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulgaria" title=" Bulgaria"> Bulgaria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139159/exposure-to-radon-on-air-in-tourist-caves-in-bulgaria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> Assessment of the Tectonic Effects on Soil Radon Activity along the Margin of the Arabian Plate Boundary in Northwestern Syria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Al-Hilal">Mohamed Al-Hilal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of the present study is to assess the role of active tectonics in influencing the emanation level of soil radon across two tectonically active structures of the Northern Dead Sea Fault (NDSF) in northwestern Syria: namely, the Qastoon and Al-Harif fault segments. The radon measurements were basically directed by the results drawn from earlier studies of archaeoseismic and paleoseismic investigation in Al-Harif, besides integrated geophysical and morphotectonic survey at the Qastoon site. In view of that, a total of 80 soil gas radon points were measured in this work with a sampling depth of 75 cm, using the AlphaGUARD PQ 2000Pro radon detector. The background range of normal radon emission from local soil was determined in area located away from the influence of the tectonic disturbances. The obtained radon data were statistically analyzed, and the mean values have been standardized in terms of probability of magnitude, which enhances the comparison process and so facilitating the separation of normal radon variations from other anomalous or geotectonic related values. The overall results revealed remarkable occurrences of fault-associated radon anomalies with maximum peak values of ~6 to 7 times above the background, trending in accordance with the predicted traces of the fault ruptures at the Qastoon and Al-Harif, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20gas%20radon" title="soil gas radon">soil gas radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20tectonic%20structure" title=" active tectonic structure"> active tectonic structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20dead%20sea%20fault" title=" northern dead sea fault"> northern dead sea fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20Syria" title=" western Syria"> western Syria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140434/assessment-of-the-tectonic-effects-on-soil-radon-activity-along-the-margin-of-the-arabian-plate-boundary-in-northwestern-syria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> A Fast Version of the Generalized Multi-Directional Radon Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20Elouedi">Ines Elouedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20Hammouda"> Atef Hammouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new fast version of the generalized Multi-Directional Radon Transform method. The new method uses the inverse Fast Fourier Transform to lead to a faster Generalized Radon projections. We prove in this paper that the fast algorithm leads to almost the same results of the eldest one but with a considerable lower time computation cost. The projection end result of the fast method is a parameterized Radon space where a high valued pixel allows the detection of a curve from the original image. The proposed fast inversion algorithm leads to an exact reconstruction of the initial image from the Radon space. We show examples of the impact of this algorithm on the pattern recognition domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20generalized%20multi-directional%20Radon%20transform" title="fast generalized multi-directional Radon transform">fast generalized multi-directional Radon transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curve" title=" curve"> curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20reconstruction" title=" exact reconstruction"> exact reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69691/a-fast-version-of-the-generalized-multi-directional-radon-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Radionuclide Contents and Exhalation Studies in Soil Samples from Sub-Mountainous Region of Jammu and Kashmir </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manpreet%20Kaur">Manpreet Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of external and internal exposure in outdoor and indoor environment can be significantly gauged by natural radionuclides. Therefore, it is a consequential to approximate the level of radionuclide contents in soil samples of any area and the risks associated with it. Rate of radon emerging from soil is also one of the prominent parameters for the assessment of radon levels in environmental. In present study, natural radionuclide contents viz. ²³²Th, ²³⁸U and ⁴⁰K and radon/thoron exhalation rates were evaluated operating thallium doped sodium iodide gamma radiation detector and advanced Smart Rn Duo technique in the soil samples from 30 villages of Jammu district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Radon flux rate was also measured by using surface chamber technique. Results obtained with two different methods were compared to investigate the cause of emanation factor in the soil profile. The radon mass exhalation rate in the soil samples has been found varying from 15 ± 0.4 to 38 ± 0.8 mBq kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ while thoron surface exhalation rate has been found varying from 90 ± 22 to 4880 ± 280 Bq m⁻² h⁻¹. The mean value of radium equivalent activity (99 ± 27 Bq kg⁻¹) was appeared to be well within the admissible limit of 370 Bq kg⁻¹ suggested by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2009) report. The values of various parameters related to radiological hazards were also calculated and all parameters have been found to be well below the safe limits given by various organizations. The outcomes pointed out that region was protected from danger as per health risks effects associated with these radionuclide contents is concerned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorbed%20dose%20rate" title="absorbed dose rate">absorbed dose rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhalation%20rate" title=" exhalation rate"> exhalation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health" title=" human health"> human health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radionuclide" title=" radionuclide"> radionuclide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114061/radionuclide-contents-and-exhalation-studies-in-soil-samples-from-sub-mountainous-region-of-jammu-and-kashmir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> Meteosat Second Generation Image Compression Based on the Radon Transform and Linear Predictive Coding: Comparison and Performance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherifi%20Mehdi">Cherifi Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahdir%20Mourad"> Lahdir Mourad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameur%20Soltane"> Ameur Soltane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Image compression is used to reduce the number of bits required to represent an image. The Meteosat Second Generation satellite (MSG) allows the acquisition of 12 image files every 15 minutes. Which results a large databases sizes. The transform selected in the images compression should contribute to reduce the data representing the images. The Radon transform retrieves the Radon points that represent the sum of the pixels in a given angle for each direction. Linear predictive coding (LPC) with filtering provides a good decorrelation of Radon points using a Predictor constitute by the Symmetric Nearest Neighbor filter (SNN) coefficients, which result losses during decompression. Finally, Run Length Coding (RLC) gives us a high and fixed compression ratio regardless of the input image. In this paper, a novel image compression method based on the Radon transform and linear predictive coding (LPC) for MSG images is proposed. MSG image compression based on the Radon transform and the LPC provides a good compromise between compression and quality of reconstruction. A comparison of our method with other whose two based on DCT and one on DWT bi-orthogonal filtering is evaluated to show the power of the Radon transform in its resistibility against the quantization noise and to evaluate the performance of our method. Evaluation criteria like PSNR and the compression ratio allows showing the efficiency of our method of compression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20compression" title="image compression">image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20transform" title=" radon transform"> radon transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20predictive%20coding%20%28LPC%29" title=" linear predictive coding (LPC)"> linear predictive coding (LPC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=run%20lengthcoding%20%28RLC%29" title=" run lengthcoding (RLC)"> run lengthcoding (RLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteosat%20second%20generation%20%28MSG%29" title=" meteosat second generation (MSG)"> meteosat second generation (MSG)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16434/meteosat-second-generation-image-compression-based-on-the-radon-transform-and-linear-predictive-coding-comparison-and-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> Radon and Thoron Determination in Natural Ancient Mine Using Nuclear Track Detectors: Radiation Dose Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Oufni">L. Oufni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Amrane"> M. Amrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rabi"> R. Rabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radon (and thoron) is a naturally occurring radioactive noble gas, having variable distribution in the geological environment. The exposure of human beings to ionizing radiation from natural sources is a continuing and inescapable feature of life on earth. Radon, thoron and their short-lived decay products in the atmosphere are the most important contributors to human exposure from natural sources. The aim of this study is to determine alpha-and beta-activities per unit volume of air due to radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their progenies in the air of ancient mine of Aouli in which there is no working activity is situated at approximately 25 km north of the city of Midelt (Morocco), by using LR-115 type II and CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). Equilibrium factors between radon and its daughters and between thoron and its progeny were evaluated in the studied atmospheres. The committed equivalent doses due to the 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of the visitors of the considered ancient mine. The visitors in these mines spent a good amount of time. It was essential to let the staff know about these values and take the needed steps to prevent any health complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoron" title=" thoron"> thoron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20dose" title=" exposure dose"> exposure dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSNTD" title=" SSNTD"> SSNTD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine" title=" mine"> mine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34601/radon-and-thoron-determination-in-natural-ancient-mine-using-nuclear-track-detectors-radiation-dose-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Indoor and Outdoor Concentration of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅ and PM₁ in Residential Building and Evaluation of Negative Air Ions (NAIs) in Indoor PM Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Arfaeinia">Hossein Arfaeinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Nadali"> Azam Nadali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Asadgol"> Zahra Asadgol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Fahiminia"> Mohammad Fahiminia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor and outdoor particulate matters (PM) were monitored in 20 residential buildings in a two-part study. In part I, the levels of indoor and outdoor PM₁₀, PM₂.₅ and PM₁ was measured using real time GRIMM dust monitors. In part II, the effect of negative air ions (NAIs) method was investigated on the reduction of indoor concentration of PM in these residential buildings. Hourly average concentration and standard deviation (SD) of PM₁₀ in indoor and outdoor at residential buildings were 90.1 ± 33.5 and 63.5 ± 27.4 µg/ m3, respectively. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM₂.₅ in residential buildings were 49.5 ± 18.2 and 39.4± 18.1 µg/ m3 and for PM₁ the concentrations were 6.5 ± 10.1and 4.3 ± 7.7 µg/ m3, respectively. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios and concentrations of all size fractions of PM were strongly correlated with wind speed and temperature whereas a good relationship was not observed between humidity and I/O ratios of PM. We estimated that nearly 71.47 % of PM₁₀, 79.86 % of PM₂.₅ and of 61.25 % of PM₁ in indoor of residential buildings can be removed by negative air ions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20matter%20%28PM%29" title="particle matter (PM)">particle matter (PM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air" title=" indoor air"> indoor air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20air%20ions%20%28NAIs%29" title=" negative air ions (NAIs)"> negative air ions (NAIs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76064/indoor-and-outdoor-concentration-of-pm10-pm25-and-pm1-in-residential-building-and-evaluation-of-negative-air-ions-nais-in-indoor-pm-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Estimation of Emanation Properties of Kimberlites and Host Rocks of Lomonosov Diamond Deposit in Russia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Yu.%20Yakovlev">E. Yu. Yakovlev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Puchkov"> A. V. Puchkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is devoted to experimental work on the assessment of emanation properties of kimberlites and host rocks of the Lomonosov diamond deposit of the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province. The aim of the study is estimation the factors influencing on formation of the radon field over kimberlite pipes. For various types of rocks composing the kimberlite pipe and near-pipe space, the following parameters were measured: porosity, density, radium-226 activity, activity of free radon and emanation coefficient. The research results showed that the largest amount of free radon is produced by rocks of near-pipe space, which are the Vendian host deposits and are characterized by high values of the emanation coefficient, radium activity and porosity. The lowest values of these parameters are characteristic of vent-facies kimberlites, which limit the formation of activity of free radon in body of the pipe. The results of experimental work confirm the prospects of using emanation methods for prospecting of kimberlite pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emanation%20coefficient" title="emanation coefficient">emanation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kimberlites" title=" kimberlites"> kimberlites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20volumetric%20activity" title=" radon volumetric activity"> radon volumetric activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135448/estimation-of-emanation-properties-of-kimberlites-and-host-rocks-of-lomonosov-diamond-deposit-in-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Geochemistry of Natural Radionuclides Associated with Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) in a Coal Mining Area in Southern Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20A.%20Galhardi">Juliana A. Galhardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20M.%20Bonotto"> Daniel M. Bonotto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coal is an important non-renewable energy source of and can be associated with radioactive elements. In Figueira city, Paraná state, Brazil, it was recorded high uranium activity near the coal mine that supplies a local thermoelectric power plant. In this context, the radon activity (Rn-222, produced by the Ra-226 decay in the U-238 natural series) was evaluated in groundwater, river water and effluents produced from the acid mine drainage in the coal reject dumps. The samples were collected in August 2013 and in February 2014 and analyzed at LABIDRO (Laboratory of Isotope and Hydrochemistry), UNESP, Rio Claro city, Brazil, using an alpha spectrometer (AlphaGuard) adjusted to evaluate the mean radon activity concentration in five cycles of 10 minutes. No radon activity concentration above 100 Bq.L-1, which was a previous critic value established by the World Health Organization. The average radon activity concentration in groundwater was higher than in surface water and in effluent samples, possibly due to the accumulation of uranium and radium in the aquifer layers that favors the radon trapping. The lower value in the river waters can indicate dilution and the intermediate value in the effluents may indicate radon absorption in the coal particles of the reject dumps. The results also indicate that the radon activities in the effluents increase with the sample acidification, possibly due to the higher radium leaching and the subsequent radon transport to the drainage flow. The water samples of Laranjinha River and Ribeirão das Pedras stream, which, respectively, supply Figueira city and receive the mining effluent, exhibited higher pH values upstream the mine, reflecting the acid mine drainage discharge. The radionuclides transport indicates the importance of monitoring their activity concentration in natural waters due to the risks that the radioactivity can represent to human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon" title="radon">radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radium" title=" radium"> radium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title=" acid mine drainage"> acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal" title=" coal"> coal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29263/geochemistry-of-natural-radionuclides-associated-with-acid-mine-drainage-amd-in-a-coal-mining-area-in-southern-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> Applications of Probabilistic Interpolation via Orthogonal Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariusz%20Jacek%20Jak%C3%B3bczak">Dariusz Jacek Jakóbczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematics and computer science are interested in methods of 2D curve interpolation and extrapolation using the set of key points (knots). A proposed method of Hurwitz- Radon Matrices (MHR) is such a method. This novel method is based on the family of Hurwitz-Radon (HR) matrices which possess columns composed of orthogonal vectors. Two-dimensional curve is interpolated via different functions as probability distribution functions: polynomial, sinus, cosine, tangent, cotangent, logarithm, exponent, arcsin, arccos, arctan, arcctg or power function, also inverse functions. It is shown how to build the orthogonal matrix operator and how to use it in a process of curve reconstruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20data%20interpolation" title="2D data interpolation">2D data interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hurwitz-radon%20matrices" title=" hurwitz-radon matrices"> hurwitz-radon matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHR%20method" title=" MHR method"> MHR method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20modeling" title=" probabilistic modeling"> probabilistic modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curve%20extrapolation" title=" curve extrapolation"> curve extrapolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32599/applications-of-probabilistic-interpolation-via-orthogonal-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> Absorption Control of Organic Solar Cells under LED Light for High Efficiency Indoor Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Premkumar%20Vincent">Premkumar Vincent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeok%20Kim"> Hyeok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Hyuk%20Bae"> Jin-Hyuk Bae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic solar cells have high potential which enables these to absorb much weaker light than 1-sun in indoor environment. They also have several practical advantages, such as flexibility, cost-advantage, and semi-transparency that can have superiority in indoor solar energy harvesting. We investigate organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) for indoor application while Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations were run to find the optimized structure. This may provide the highest short-circuit current density to acquire high efficiency under indoor illumination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20solar%20cells" title="indoor solar cells">indoor solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20light%20harvesting" title=" indoor light harvesting"> indoor light harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solar%20cells" title=" organic solar cells"> organic solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P3HT%3AICBA" title=" P3HT:ICBA"> P3HT:ICBA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75834/absorption-control-of-organic-solar-cells-under-led-light-for-high-efficiency-indoor-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20radon&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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