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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Assessment tests for primary schools in England</div> <p> The <b>National Curriculum assessment</b> usually refers to the statutory assessments carried out in primary schools in England, colloquially known as <b>standard assessment tasks</b> (<b>SATs</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assessments are made up of a combination of testing and teacher assessment judgements and are used in all government-funded primary schools in England to assess the attainment of pupils against the programmes of study of the National Curriculum at the end of Key Stages 1 and 2 where all pupils are aged 6 to 7 and 10 to 11 respectively. Until 2008, assessments were also required at the end of <a href="/wiki/Key_Stage_3" title="Key Stage 3">Key Stage 3</a> (14-year-olds) in secondary schools after which they were scrapped. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The assessments were introduced following the introduction of a National Curriculum to schools in England and Wales under the <a href="/wiki/Education_Reform_Act_1988" title="Education Reform Act 1988">Education Reform Act 1988</a>. As the curriculum was gradually rolled out from 1989, statutory assessments were introduced between 1991 and 1995, with those in Key Stage 1 first, following by Key Stages 2 and 3 respectively as each cohort completed a full key stage.<sup id="cite_ref-NFER_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFER-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assessments were introduced only for the core subjects of English, mathematics and science. The first assessments in Key Stage 1 were a range of cross-curricular tasks to be delivered in the classroom, known as standardised assessment tasks - hence the common acronym 'SATs'. However, the complexity of the use of these meant they were quickly replaced by more formal tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-NFER_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFER-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assessments in Key Stages 2 and 3 were developed using more traditional tests. </p><p>In all 3 Key Stages, tests became the main form of statutory assessment, but a separate strand of Teacher Assessment was also used. This allowed teachers to make judgements about pupils they taught, based on their knowledge of the pupil's learning and attainment against the attainment targets contained within the national curriculum. The results of both tests and teacher assessments were reported using a common scale of attainment levels, numbered 1 to 8 across the three key stages, with the national expectation that pupils would achieve Level 2 at the age of 7; Level 4 at the age of 11; and Level 5 or 6 by the age of 14. </p><p>This model continued, with minor adjustments to reflect the changing content of the National Curriculum, up to 2004. From 2005, the role of the tests was downplayed at Key Stage 1, with tests being used only internally to support teacher assessment judgements.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further changes came in 2008 when the government announced that testing in Key Stage 3 was to be scrapped altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, then <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Education Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a> announced that when the new version of the National Curriculum was introduced to schools from 2014, the system of attainment levels would be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, since 2016, the old system has levels that are no longer used as part of statutory assessment. Instead, tests and teacher assessments now follow different models at each key stage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_Assessment">Current Assessment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current Assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>National Curriculum Assessments are now carried out only at the end of Key Stages 1 and 2. At both key stages the process includes a combination of tests and teacher assessment judgements. The first round of assessments in the new model was undertaken in 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_Stage_1">Key Stage 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Key Stage 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two elements to the statutory assessment process in Key Stage 1: tests and teacher assessment. The tests are used only to support teacher's judgement; it is the teacher assessment which is recorded as the statutory outcome. Statutory assessment takes place in <a href="/wiki/Reading_(process)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading (process)">reading</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_studies" title="English studies">writing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_education" title="Mathematics education">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_education" title="Science education">science</a>. For each subject, teachers use the available evidence to reach one of a number of judgements, based on the national assessment framework. The judgements available for reading, writing and mathematics are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Working at Greater Depth within the Expected Standard</li> <li>Working at the Expected Standard</li> <li>Working towards the Expected Standard</li> <li>Foundations for the Expected Standard</li> <li>Below the Standard of the pre-Key Stage</li></ul> <p>In science, the only judgement available is 'Working at the Expected Standard', or alternatively an indication that the child has not yet met the expected standard for his/her age. Each judgement band is illustrated in the Teacher Assessment framework documentation by a number of descriptors of performance. To achieve a given standard, pupils must achieve all of the descriptors within that band. For pupils with <a href="/wiki/Special_Educational_Needs" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Educational Needs">Special Educational Needs</a> a separate judgement may be made using a separate grading system known as P-levels. </p><p>Judgements in reading, writing and mathematics are supported by test papers which are administered during May of Year 2. The reading and maths tests are statutory for schools. Schools can choose to use an optional Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling test to support judgements in writing. There is no test available for science.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_Stage_2">Key Stage 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Key Stage 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During May of <a href="/wiki/Year_Six" class="mw-redirect" title="Year Six">Year 6</a>, the final year of Key Stage 2, children in state-funded schools (and independent schools if they so choose) undertake three National Curriculum Tests: Reading; Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling; and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_education" title="Mathematics education">Mathematics</a>. Writing is assessed solely based on teacher judgement against the assessment framework, following the recommendations of the 2011 Bew Review.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Science_education" title="Science education">Science</a> tests are taken biennially by a selected sample of pupils to monitor national performance in science; the results of these tests are reported to their future secondary schools and parents by June. The test is taken in May.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the tests, teachers are required to provide teacher assessments in the core subject areas of reading, writing, mathematics and science. As at Key Stage 1, these judgements are based on a framework of descriptors, for which a child must meet all requirements to be awarded the band grade. The judgements available at Key Stage 2 differ for the subjects because of the different roles played. Writing has most available judgements as it is part of the statutory accountability judgement. Reading and mathematics have fewer judgements as the statutory focus is on the test scores. Science has only one available judgement, as at Key Stage 1. The grades available, therefore, are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Broad ability</th> <th>Mathematics</th> <th>Reading</th> <th>Writing</th> <th>Science </th></tr> <tr> <td>Above Expected</td> <td rowspan="2">Working at the Expected Standard</td> <td rowspan="2">Working at the Expected Standard</td> <td>Working at Greater Depth within the Expected Standard</td> <td rowspan="2">Working at the Expected Standard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Expected Standard</td> <td>Working at the Expected standard </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Below Expected</td> <td>Has Not Met the Expected Standard</td> <td>Working Towards the Expected Standard</td> <td>Has Not Met the Expected Standard</td> <td rowspan="5">Has Not Met the Expected Standard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Growing Development of the Expected Standard</td> <td>Growing Development of the Expected Standard</td> <td>Growing Development of the Expected Standard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Early Development of the Expected Standard</td> <td>Early Development of the Expected Standard</td> <td>Early Development of the Expected Standard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Foundations for the Expected Standard</td> <td>Foundations for the Expected Standard</td> <td>Foundations for the Expected Standard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Below the Standard of the pre-Key Stage</td> <td>Below the Standard of the pre-Key Stage</td> <td>Below the Standard of the pre-Key Stage </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_assessments">Other assessments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other assessments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Curriculum only extends to pupils in Years 1 to 11 of compulsory education in England. Outside of the statutory National Curriculum assessment in years 2 and 6, the only other centrally collected assessment data is from <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSE</a> exams, usually taken in Year 11, and from the phonics screening check in Year 1.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For pupils in other year groups there are no centralised assessments, although schools are free to use tests and examinations either of their own making, or purchased from a supplier. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Early_Years_Foundation_Stage" title="Early Years Foundation Stage">Early Years Foundation Stage</a>, where children are aged under 5, assessment takes place using a separate framework.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a times table test in Year 4 which was held for the first time in 2022 after COVID-19 delayed the original idea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two main teaching unions spearheaded a boycott of the tests in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2008 report evaluating and analysing National Testing, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Select_committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Select committee (United Kingdom)">Select committee</a> and the Department for Children, Schools and Families registered its concern with the current testing arrangements in state schools. It raised concerns that the "professional abilities of teachers" were under-used and that the high-stakes nature of the tests led to "phenomena such as <a href="/wiki/Teaching_to_the_test" title="Teaching to the test">teaching to the test</a>, narrowing the curriculum and focusing disproportionate resources on borderline pupils." They further recommended that the multiple uses of National Curriculum assessment – for local accountability, national monitoring, and individual progress measurement – be separated into different forms of assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-select_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-select-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two leading unions, the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Teachers" title="National Union of Teachers">NUT</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Head_Teachers" title="National Association of Head Teachers">NAHT</a> (though not the <a href="/wiki/NASUWT" title="NASUWT">NASUWT</a>), voted to boycott the tests in 2010, which resulted in a quarter of schools not administering the tests.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2010_SATS_boycott_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_2010_SATS_boycott-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These unions wanted to see the tests replaced by teacher assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parents and children have also proposed the idea of the SATs being scrapped<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to causing too much pressure on young children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1991/2169/made">"The Education (National Curriculum) (Assessment Arrangements for English, Mathematics and Science) (Key Stage 1) Order 1991"</a>. <i>Legislation.gov.uk</i>. 26 July 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Headteachers+vote+to+boycott+Sats+tests&rft.date=2010-04-16&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2010%2Fapr%2F16%2Fheadteachers-boycott-national-tests-sats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Curriculum+assessment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/sats-exams-labour-corbyn-primary-school-national-education-union-a8872496.html">"Labour will abolish Sats exams in primary schools, Jeremy Corbyn says"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/sats-exams-labour-corbyn-primary-school-national-education-union-a8872496.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Labour+will+abolish+Sats+exams+in+primary+schools%2C+Jeremy+Corbyn+says&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Feducation%2Feducation-news%2Fsats-exams-labour-corbyn-primary-school-national-education-union-a8872496.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Curriculum+assessment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Curriculum_assessment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-curriculum-assessments-practice-materials">2016-2019 SATs Papers</a> from the official government website (2016-2019).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sats-papers.co.uk/">SATs Papers</a> from a third party archive website (1999-2015 and 2016 onwards).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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