CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914da5a0ae2d5f3f',cH: 'hkcm5EG.POhBvSDkZAOJdff9rhXqmdBTSRS86RZ5v8o-1740045598-1.2.1.1-AWlNfy.UDB6vB1esjCTMcpOShJ7ijJVNT8GfxHORXCayYAp2uUZ_uF7vZHycmWFS',cUPMDTk: "\/9999126\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=14sU1sb628oJQIiVhc_cQ3ngmDMKf0Yqw9061vIvnRU-1740045598-1.0.1.1-M8.EHDdxT0x9e_.FIVCLc7l92Lg7I3L2R1DzQ1SfmA4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740045598',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/9999126\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=14sU1sb628oJQIiVhc_cQ3ngmDMKf0Yqw9061vIvnRU-1740045598-1.0.1.1-M8.EHDdxT0x9e_.FIVCLc7l92Lg7I3L2R1DzQ1SfmA4",md: "EVgZw477j_KxctlIL9QFh8gBeE2hvbBYAYw118MLNNM-1740045598-1.2.1.1-9jFuX05kpcUO5omEXg9G2HZda3De3DLSNme5gRs6kHModmMoUdpYrsKlbhDMjnGvQ3ysiDuzRCwiEN4aIfj2cuP8huPALzY0p9CD4M0hL9nJ2q37emaCwpt3ID935vFvcyim_kxYEsUyH7x5zmcLfkYrHTfftbBhs0ecfsca2dfk_kJ9isKVLiWhPh.Pu6dIzXgfziXkpkOkMbX0T5M.zEYdDAoDUJ1Zl.1gaDgKmqiy6qOomnWmeT6WbfepzVhwnnx0jnJnZoOKqfwUhThsC4eCFN1QRoSkjo5D1k5qjMmwK6EinxrqknjnZZ0LnYSKRjY0wZ2QY1hQrOae9e9P.sd1r4hKtNcgqY9XYGvfM00Cg7I1yDbQOvGvM6fpY7ECAPBXgGdxZf2OfcJlW9ezsMXHVkediewQ.c8lozuQPnyHE4NEINiFDdpQDiUtde4drWxNRJ8jDgBqoEjI5LLrEW9OzPIwqQvzUo1Mh2DUgslRyblmQzWVKWccBW_SXLYfdEB8jGm3lvmPoGcFweLkALkyRtFTMeGIL3rIxULSjbQQhbfLqY7vfAP3hCtMk6fHY.oRuuxuZW249zM.M5u5mXzpwUzG4iPkEk3HKh290qoOhGxg4quy9QYtCmRcQCVuoPRTp7a7ZGNfThAncD8kg0klKdjatJcS8HyMsQw0uthqfdm9zVonRZg0Pw6mu8puFky0ee.H6dnXF3W6FLutQbb6hcZBmA2wVh9.GwOLiaG6yW4I7_VK2lsRyGWEwTnxRc9pjbogaPB3FsR9AGImmj1MO9mHk7EzFcyvY89OZJ.iixWKKef1il3.si5.wAhFCcA9w05Wgvcz7PrQcKskSdAU6fSrfUj_.vSJRvrnig0Y.Ktrb_o06ENTvnhpdaEM4go9hguMlA2pWpLEjpSrXVQb.Y9W2kuUsHZAxOIe790jAXJ3f1pPn_INQ4sBcSBADOS8OZvlHb.CPUhDXXWCZlT5ufDLGWI2huI1vzg4q7SIifgpgbpz3i4tBK2l6MDs7DzCd67xvstwJTsYnE3zRpeknrF_VsFpB8jIWqP0ycDv06HVin97qpcqnp5CfeKytRpQhyKqU5X.EctRJdvUeI9XarckqU6zcL4evwjqHuaeDZ_RjWswmwePfMExJyUT8FtkwU7nqypaJzuQkF8CBOnc4WP7Nf2Nr1Kt6B2txE9k3LQ6XklSqZImFNBDRr6FzXY6q5vvv9F5wah1GmlhCI8EasuhoL7nit34ZXnK3bO1rt_a_FBDi6R4T2wvC.e1_LUu7EtLs.MK5GnSSqJsrgScnWzq1tDg6SmmUmiwDBr8J0TrtSiXH65UahDG6S7JdzDvMQ4oyetQnPuEg2qZN5ay4xKXxL0OTPjt1.6tIQhsCHHBjJUl3znXFOQQC5kmxd0El4iU0nYLXB48N8H3jJjVkf2UaLMWjvWPWsnawsXCGVaT3I6idHzDcyNuDyCa7TQh2J3DqSK3PN3vdzlgCmL6zC4K8eOH4vYoy1JT3PpoZuByr.d.A_z1u48MebptlDwgGU65umb7KFJM.zVIn6xlf.Yvbnj6V411FfXmibzbge2v22PYB36yKukAnyAIbm7AiEnqAAeqFuFJ.zbN3qwh01pNyH8qVQ9sQv89kcghmm.rihzT4maiG6R7xhjSVEzHHw9aCu1f0tJ0aqHUYFM9AuwSH3ZTSvPUCSwGx8kPTyDCw6bOsTdxYwcIdriOHEJz6iFTJ8EjyGpPQP_YLBVKBp68.bOqtOS_ERIarK.cxQvPvnL1BOKF_0FUh1d2jsn1mw3NOCAuYW4g5da9Mm60KPgdvHD0FcD_RiUR864OUN9vgJdDeue1y1foiXzfEV05sEoi.a_Fq.hQRrHjfzt6OtiVPwKDXoS476j3sDg",mdrd: "rQDU_VvM3..aYEIeHg.ZDaFT1QCzjvZBKYCTmnZ0tOI-1740045598-1.2.1.1-2ymzQ84YN05vvhVkdlW1.PilwvuOtC5xmdiYOThwbWfeFuVXqdgjGvi1iGgaUOUYnXg1PSwrlWvaxwo.xAvtbMsW1R85c.Dg1v2oTFEHPW6m5jU9LxD1eUxitTsyIl1cRE9J4KB1BXJpWH0D24PPIOYWE5QNIzA21g3Alhf2QmnBPSrkSyKmTbtIBRlYLKvU8FuAgKCcmTpxR0Ci.p6p.GtcU1UpGo.Iil159wOfrXj6it3onaj8FFkO6xisdXhIByeDKd2aUMmjcOfbTpbEKi_Yt1WHTwGWPrL5AHxR7XMihBQP3JC7nIkQqKksoO.svfPlZ4Pv3YlY0zKWt6PAvZosxtn5GKzgKcUmE7IABVf847xA8Jayj22_bD90Hn5VuwYPLa1EMmRNT7hAtvxk6rUzsJVwjyb7NrhXS05gHCMBs7aPHKydeTs2.Hv9SCrHKhxW5vMiXIuKzBycfqtf_3iPATsioWsDLRiOzkkO.L5FejX1KtRynEHyIaK8LvWULumvDmsXeW.7bPHnlvkXVpVTAsrxV2N5r6Dw41Juq1CwhERzK4bVEHLionleuWi2eL9qviROrVAaQ1hlmNZHyvBca9cTwNAPtL28NXMcegjufq6x9aWI3YSJhcmJxyNhyI3Y0qcqnaogDhEP_XCYfzVBM0L2nhuD1_kwn0YXho24JVElHBytq2beZTgHUc9hA.mxj7iChiW_KAzRzw7Es4g_p.ukyGVfR92hf63D.L5PVE6FAOI6y152h.yeO1MXUVsHpjS3eWmel2OK.28tnRn199ij2FfDoemQA4YUmcENG.cF4CcizDaR8C0LZOSQsUQuClh4a0nL358x8cwrEiLkT5us6FkgxZrHW6owJzmpRdo2LdIASViJMV.3hCKea940t2JVJwi2JtensQncSk5pCI9NXzhP7F7ngpLLfB3Fs1xqYcmuyFZFxsUGbhZBu6MrXXu3DIFIoLpTrGWC1g9x1Y0lxK0fd2RD.agA_sN0TsaKQjMn1zGv__xNScdrei3EHYTHt3iNZqTX98ZeWywIpkyeGJmhZGFeCcihoCaD14Td.LoRN6FI9Rfu2JPCNE4lRyvw58KYsyQfLgEjamGkV07EJIp47UmCjPv23gw0HXeO2BchSRqWsroCDFkYq9we6t_lg282BASCVPIYTimgEb1bFV.cNSmHTfs9.a.ccqgLYhJ864SthbaHBTLLNH6o1lpBOBNtL.198WGVuBhSN0pNn_OiXU66LHvp8BJPCLIgl5yJsh7XB7m.ZRIzB_cdcpVkIbcDxmn1zF5piMpR3X4JukqEqtjY27zdim9uQarvUO8U3.iQ.ZX370tcVJlhIKFOnlrNvgxRSizTHKGvjs7Hmk3d7nnEBC5sP8Rr.mriQexIcwSla2GGS2DFfMUBaKkvHAA7reOjq9ZMejjuHcZz6Kigw7ehX56oGheHdWZBveHzdZNh1BMaAUluVUYexjOogLJ6azTToB2340Kn3kXVgnpbpiuNjrj28_Yo10mF3ADa0He7PA3.Hq4Ned1sDdBgIZQzboVvG1abnOKB7wHHCF_xzjSUjOEV.pWebXuHRvo4LXHwkosoNYHutnQ7VqBjei9Di.7Sq1vRbcrWfcPt6cxqp.qU67WGrTyNT8ySRmTdsgs8pLehN1vmUGRH3SDJ43YctlLbZoe2qRVVfUn6LGPtYSgKaIIiUTXArWEnDHvuGLGaeC4Z4A2HKLmpfifoHdYZPY_ODOz7JRIp_xZJGfvQR3hofpzv18l2ug4s3VQRkUAyneDMkPmbJ7_DHaPCcYOC_JctFAFFGdQSRiJvU1NgAubF4QeGQ3eMAcQgOhShzPYu8LtG.8hL_3_9P1r9rmzvvS03ZzUCvMXPerHPIesGuYBZGQWkiRGWi22uh7eQeXG41cXpxQ33z_qYoW2x9hpHxxXC53e6Awh3Hu_cxGv2i79mK5.yuYEMZKFOFVRobS7H1JzxrOwA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914da5a0ae2d5f3f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9999126\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=14sU1sb628oJQIiVhc_cQ3ngmDMKf0Yqw9061vIvnRU-1740045598-1.0.1.1-M8.EHDdxT0x9e_.FIVCLc7l92Lg7I3L2R1DzQ1SfmA4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>