CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.journals.uchicago.edu",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e78634189173e4a',cH: '7DbrsMuawMdZ3hoNkV8dDWWZ2BhTRcz25gAA9epxNhE-1732440704-1.2.1.1-5KjUwLh2Jwk0UerCmJOkqgNW.n4uLxlaWePF2xDS.0vhk_.AfgseilsQRwn6QxZ4',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1086\/660972?__cf_chl_tk=6RAdcUUeCZfJ.7olCuTHvvjN4a0vOUkUKHOqvshR6fw-1732440704-1.0.1.1-Yl6r3NpKWqWMrAOWHpz443ZBpPmtxgrMmuJpyfBneKw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732440704',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1086\/660972?__cf_chl_f_tk=6RAdcUUeCZfJ.7olCuTHvvjN4a0vOUkUKHOqvshR6fw-1732440704-1.0.1.1-Yl6r3NpKWqWMrAOWHpz443ZBpPmtxgrMmuJpyfBneKw",md: "Fok55YfkpaFxvr_TRDMyjG8ULL11KZFnkrZo_NLgi.s-1732440704-1.2.1.1-nbDZt7eOYxQDxmhtCtNdNCzGMC.6ZJpmW2L5CFr_dFtnWF4_fDKWS4uIEcK4YCOAS15fMDDpg9ulvsmD8vxdSzzKL2yCDm8pjtjPKtdoZ45N1eA60lAbvKVFByIxjnLtV5GkZ9TU5MCLpetaQRGT7rVuc89zMvoZkp1_yYS_WB6KdDvnIsUV7ymhIFip7m6ofZcRD0JDsND3jaStrRzQQjf7nrnky2Fimx0KSyoeo.5UQtGdqfQfgJdqXLW.DAcFcfbYnHs2wsHEEKeqIZfRCbxtSpqSy5Q_aSI2mxtWwzuJLiacEqTKuA59TEEzF3jklhFPZ6f3YznPCIoFkoUsio33oZ3Vin5uctKwagiUuT8fhc1zCVzoIe_DnoHpE98lrqqwtUqtT72e0.e8H8kCDjBHBgLI66Wwg0VNQWd6bSJdAvqYYCaWwOIaE5GL.vupO.9E2uobsLRdcQezR93Lwl.PFRsFnlcxJQyJsjyEhNYiQk3SzkiNouNN_0496RRWKm8VqeQjuO9J2QOvzEeSlKAyfgj36JO6l6UA3864z_OG71aCQBP8IBvxat04aldprghpbVWI97Gnumzk4wrEEaALvVjPGXnemSMYPrAh9PhIlDQHAZZWLoxz0fh..Xd6H1CKGk84r3GtF6M1FGJVcyTI62vyPYHF9kIyJti9KDHXwAdVbXmeA3XBx..ap4lJTBFdIQqikOpEER4n2ZR7JsWQCROoVRfJc9IpZz_0yVZJoCur6d4hquIF9V3ASF4PIGf97y7oWq5RkreDQT4y.pksoKSZpKgOZtobvGZaq24iPBFRcWsVTr5AiehDjjX.VI3fIdp7xjVKAd49h_q32tQGRY3VDKb5dErm1_iX0Nw4EUgKDzkEpWbLiOFoRh_7tYndK1Ohs96WghqF2SMxOKr0zOeGjyp93AbfN7WIiB0ZUkFKJmA_.uM8FMRaO6aO2mxm6MzK0NSdWjTieNOpuESaC8ZIy2WkB0CdhmjwDyORWKfL9vOhm.jxriYY6hon9FaLQXbK7SC0ZO7WFuGo2B.iQV3yGYGCmrEAxYwwywy_qCBySCQcP.TpGrYccnzHrsuY3uyRdBSced27wol4GhW7tRF9SuEYgjoYM5zXz2nHktOI0SWOU89RgH0rmbwilac.wzmN97vBNQgCzLyCIojpDJgMSKAVFiIL6VTCxZfKX.e82GP7DU5RUfArCh4A3VUBr0bE5lY_sjQTIqsQUh.6n76I5SCI6mTB0Uw2rX9pcshv4lAGftJGHFNwX21aABV4bqgpr2UPe29htLqoLa1Z3rasKtOo5U_yaNGPQS17SACsFgwk7tzc9LjcrxvqorIgD2FH3U58AGjXdKoLgLg64lFdnYp8WXhOJha5mgLu1e0yWi3CzhMlzRlKeOJWBJxxvkQB5_.pWpuTPTRCqhUA8dYhUO4RP7.Rk.X2pkEc.XbY7maulAJjwRBAtmzleCd2tMG3ruqmQgK2ky42cltOoFGw4HZbml.DQHzrS9CT5IpRzk3qyQzoEcX.6sqGDuFfoir2C4nAhmLse1_lk05T9QPQvlWWAJQLBYKAVn72H8bvM_dGejrYuwNRYGX0z5RK434E5M48baNjqnyPzdwOXmKWbmxlD3ZgA.dUuODfrhoHOlXSt65GI95DwDnTNhAXqHAp5QbsbuzIWqusw2Sk8__8I9ckgZ.0T6eI5yHi4tEsf8MkZl8pBzcPCD1SJHsOtiSieE837YCEhYYlURMu97uDpR7KROYnt6klZA4zgxTEmmnC_uGZ1DU2PAWp1X9u3rEk_jIr_CJ0QkTVYLlG8UiRQI9Iay2p9ZqVApi2Bfup5oz8SnwjOIwdlkvIxUDn8Pv8S.Lg6QIPO8dsQ5DNi_iD_B3HR6E9e_6lX.j76SWxiAvaZpXkw.AOdYyf3WB0F4g_jjJ67t4KHjC593hZ58IPY3x2HR7YiBxq9qXLtRjl4o5FGYYTc_mibv6AkPYUDyX5bne1RyVCFQe9gGxFvmzz4rLG.fCGpj3p8yfAhqQosZo2bNa6XE.3HloO0rgzZ4QZFfYkqeT7aUn15L5gtVO4f6bc2lpuzBGrcwHignJLI7TuClMlE.df9AhFfNPRwzPKAcJhz2SEyp9G2nM0hOgMP121wDPcq6RDFWD6XeJ29DW5dcdEFowzpcjodXb3laFiBu6Mfx3dNMhfAoabOe1YTyDhXTThKsS0bp1gGcBYFSA6YuWZ1ELWFqJ896iZlnbSjHRvaFf8hGbRwms4nbAZ1QnzSGiCVnzg3dwijfl0blTGHygzRmXWWNqADVIujSunVeQAes8oVbeoxkT.QP7mkOHdaI0s88hY_reQ_1hWPIwciQ03KhaME3yej27Gkp4WKc7r9h5bjmkrmwileZIIwm4LyHPbXXRr_SPkl8jJwhshr7USnT26s3YHRP4PJ.ZOxhuxwI9bOGzBFuOgB8at2NyQgKpJT3tyDb2qG6dBeshmT7B3zwGDK.ucK47bEl42yUrZLU_SHofvJMxjGvcqkQoZlwzMjz..GoYwruQti3gaq.HMITDVHPyeB585EgeCBat3LMAtqyz1W3TLWxyTBEvrW2yNGpJai8uw2Q27r8CDUCOAR2M59TEpPONhiP2jMk0KO1j7ZRRBz0KrWA5t7YTprCA_KNauUC7fW7HI9rAdJaweg3O.XFnYhCwTnLRy8bkuYHrOfaTwpgvC8oG58oH5v5T1CLsiOInYCunc6.xX52j6w6wizCiFXrd0X4y4BN9JNIL_PcoRicSj4EyahV4I4RwkG7mAN_mwbfOtue2Sp210cVGX0xfeu_9WeAk7NTBPXsrKyj4d2uyFPr95rUvwVHMU_hwaMIwNPGZ6_CcTMrwaD7rrRYKuCMBBm6tuUSa0v2.C06QcyF3_kn.jyYqmoIylf.uwVEfdplLe.yxT26ac6lMPlSvWd77iQwjn7xmpI3wnHJJe5g",mdrd: "g.cMJuf01qIdvHgm59rAaZtsmDPVYnZ6pFeQLmEBRzs-1732440704-1.2.1.1-EAo1lWFgSpM.VZrLTTL7ks7PBIMRfElsltNg2NhRw3kehaGJcGV1CNCMCuBN9IZsaCFrKjca1sd7Q.fOxxEItNrQqcv8YHNir.th0o0gPpB7prp_ahXIzx7aIfU_uRyr6XdQh1OS1zqiRknu57Gnz2qW7744WWwTou8ZNV11vBkP0PbRTZTLfb57gjg2RvQbknYZA9e7vic_JYXquLxu_gmW275mVllRf0P.N18Dcvs.wbtIs6SKKXYFKi_KswclyiYbBJDsaE_hswprtmZWuMNfncmjjL5jh_vO5CWnMbZsHBZfbPa3xM.T0OIBXpSSJ1MW1aIAKLgY0gXmzOgeoTBIDTaBEXr7vy.hjs0dCdc0nmy2ltTYKkrXINpDICtSMoI_nTBKf6r2N4EEEMe3l37PThib2lnCb85osAvU0vrNtlbuMS66DuPSFcOLu.fhbF9MWXLPFyYj9g7XQ9YJyLKAUOpwOy7XeXQdkQXDbi_cbh9t8HdVNDD_wvwwbA7vVqQCvMMDOMo7wd5C8Z022LX4hgGYUX0hhXhNalBH4O9HFCxGTy7knCCMwcz.pCmbEcaMhaZbucosZzk03BTU96.sDv2IEFpk04yy4iS.JeR4Nj0iHyBNPaMNi3FpnV5u87J2Q6O_nlZlQ2fK3f9yYSfoz.7u2c9Q6EMlz3fX5aFXqHuTU83zJuJ5rUpJr09WYvrsBpDnS.GVvMvv8nS3Z8xoOVZ.4u0YdhIcMVkZYzn3Y9Egh1egVPaJ6uY2kHHkk3q9E6KkdDhqsFC1K8RGxqy4ZNsi9nAmC8SFNtcwR_j6IdYYMAnvlpW3xAM0tPV4OGBemHxOwvHbvUDuXkY16IjXFX2cp1M_U3vRS_0P9wb4vBv.mvQg9QVP05K6Fbp.8iz7TjlpQhIo1H6Ywycp_6uVVYpxPXwa2C4Z8SdCTBEjcqdpN1kasgjIxa5IQREWH4pT6rdh7t_vBvxqv1uunJ84MW4gBnx4WNVoHSSYVQUBZkSJnjyEjQzpMRQxU74L_oecZR.5Ci9Rhm.sh7DdtA5FjJpQPCaX_WXWTxYaNzFiNHjAyvsfKeaxZy8X7Gg9LbDT3iX8DhOrYT4Sx_Sl.r5o.01Zl.mtU9j2wzpIOvzfB7koaYj9nKiGnHa9pMA2HQCgrOTzzqKaW6N2Q_EUL_swqfkTAWTH7cXt4nQz6n1e1F60SFJN4BLMBYOmbfcYO5IJAcVQzUl_Onn.wbmQ1UITwnvvtujpoZTTF14eN1O9AWsLyBD1EjGz.vL1_2CNNLnRBBPpmJftTecxfHHHlemHIbbwCziQy6bQ1Kk0fk6glFc5cR0bylVPlzbMKfvIfA_O7KTAqYvlo46mgBfniDNQn.682DznXSyLwKKHTkYR1o2KcxPvaETsT7q1WIGAi8l2UCLToSh5nb9XjvVg9MTdPPMK4IyWPl9gidNJX5tRb641d7smjWiAbpEPQqlT_mzvgGXMdq47aqDPDW.vR4yfyFgcDgxA7Cw1zyf7RI8xwNZH6zR705q3VSXkThjKAazTa9tvmBEhmPMRj_qR5N9tblStKHLgYYVYIsOIw3ZjcEf_RMnwfcPn9yJcKfBVbL_fkcRQQwazeJhTHAH56wK31KOwSvg1OOn0UdaTI.yBZWCLjAq2IWZfQ83TfKiwAuhozBjtPKjUcbtYci_L67OW.6kTRu_O0To8y0MDcnmRdTlyXGICHWthG1oCXazB71jMMo274WxZNrI_CtCJo3ycQMdj8slGa4nm6OUTkM4f205vrINVWWq60IhD0opxSaeHsHWAEuGe0z.jFk0UqGcGSBHDRLlf_x0QVYS.5vnXQIA81d18eFKJW7ICn_dWcC22RbDCdohbC6OybfApKbac9Uvz3tdkt1932EHtgLXgi95dYzzc4Z1Ayiyxf_ldZvakL.WMki.PDWVud9H8lW22acWirOQNMcfPutL5Ll2ifeZlVCN2Gn.UOlTi_2Y6"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e78634189173e4a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1086\/660972?__cf_chl_rt_tk=6RAdcUUeCZfJ.7olCuTHvvjN4a0vOUkUKHOqvshR6fw-1732440704-1.0.1.1-Yl6r3NpKWqWMrAOWHpz443ZBpPmtxgrMmuJpyfBneKw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>