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> <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNU_softwarea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNU_softwarea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>GNU softwarea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNU_softwarea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizlariak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizlariak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hizlariak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hizlariak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GNU</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 75 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88" title="جنو – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81" title="গ্নু – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্নু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88" title="گنوو – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گنوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_(sistema_operativo)" title="GNU (sistema operativo) – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="GNU (sistema operativo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95_(%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94)" title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה) – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82" title="ग्नू – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्नू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.gnus." title="la .gnus. – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la .gnus." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಗ್ನು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – lombardiera" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81" title="ഗ്നു – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്നു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82" title="குனூ – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குனூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82" title="గ్నూ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్నూ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9" title="กนู – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กนู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:GNU&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/GNU" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/GNU" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&oldid=8373319" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=GNU&id=8373319&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=GNU"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=GNU&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/GNU" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Facebook_pages" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><div class="rellink noprint"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulu hau sistema eragileari buruzkoa da; animalia gaitzat duena beste hau da: «<a href="/wiki/%C3%91u" title="Ñu">Ñu</a>»</i></dd></dl></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Heckert_GNU_white.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Heckert_GNU_white.png/300px-Heckert_GNU_white.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Heckert_GNU_white.png/450px-Heckert_GNU_white.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Heckert_GNU_white.png/600px-Heckert_GNU_white.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>GNUren <a href="/wiki/Logotipo" title="Logotipo">logoa</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%91u" title="Ñu">ñu</a> bat), Etienne Suvasa-k marraztua</figcaption></figure> <p><b>GNU proiektua</b> <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unixen</a> oinarrituriko <a href="/wiki/Sistema_eragile" title="Sistema eragile">sistema eragile</a> bat da, bere baitan <a href="/wiki/Software_libre" title="Software libre">software askea</a> soilik hartzen duena. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>. urtean hasi zuen <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a>-ek eta <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundationek</a> (FSF) antolatzen du. Stallman-ek GNU <i>guh-noo</i> bezala ahoskatzen dela esan zuen (<a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">Nazioarteko alfabeto fonetikoan</a>: ˌgəˈnɯ), "g" gogor batekin, <a href="/wiki/%C3%91u" title="Ñu">ñu</a> animaliatik bereizteko. </p><p>GNU proiektuak kalitate handiko eta gaur egun normalean erabiltzen diren software librea diren programak garatu ditu, <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> <a href="/wiki/Testu-editore" title="Testu-editore">testu editorea</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GDB</a> barne. GNU sistema normalean <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> <a href="/wiki/Kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel">kernelarekin</a> erabiltzen da, azken hau ez da GNU proiektukoa, eta sistema eragailu oso bat eratzeko erabiltzen da. Sistema honi normalean "Linux" bezala ezagutzen zaio, baina FSF-k "GNU/Linux" deitu beharko zitzaiola dio GNU proiektuaren lana ikus dadin; gehiago jakiteko ikusi <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU/Linux_izenaren_arazoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU/Linux izenaren arazoa (sortu gabe)">GNU/Linux izenaren arazoa</a>. </p><p>Ohikoa izaten da GNUren konponenteak UNIX sistema jabedunen artean aurkitzea, UNIX originalaren programak ordezkatuz. Honen arrazoia programa hauek UNIXen ordezkatzen dituzten programa berdinen baina hobeak direla aztertu delako da. GNUko zenbait programa <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> eta beste zenbait plataforma jabedunetara itzuli-portatu dira. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Baby_GNU.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Baby GNU"><img alt="Baby GNU" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Baby_GNU.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>Baby GNU</figcaption></figure> <p>GNU proiektua <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_27" title="Irailaren 27">irailaren 27an</a> aurkeztu zen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Net.unix-wizards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Net.unix-wizards (sortu gabe)">net.unix-wizards</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Net.usoft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Net.usoft (sortu gabe)">net.usoft</a> <i>news</i> taldeetan. Proiektua <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urtarrilaren_5" title="Urtarrilaren 5">urtarrilaren 5ean</a> indartu zen, Stallman-ek bere lana utzi zuenean <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>-en azken hauek lanaren jabetzaz ez egiteko eta GNU software libre moduan banatzeko ostoporik ez jartzeko. Hasierako iragarpenari Stallman-en "<a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Manifesto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Manifesto (sortu gabe)">GNU Manifesto</a>"ak jarraitu zion, GNU proiektuari berak nahi zuen aurreko urteetan ordenagailuen munduak bizi izan zen kooperatibismoa emateko. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">UNIX</a>, sistema eragile jabeduna, GNU aurkeztu zenean oso zabaldua zegoen. Unix-en arkitektura ezaguna zelako, GNUren sistema arkitektura horrekin bateragarri izateko garatu zen. UNIXen arkitekturak GNU banakako softwarea moduan garatzea ahalbidetzen zuen. Dagoeneko libre ziren osagaiak, <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> idazketa ezarpen sistema edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=X_Window_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X Window System (sortu gabe)">X Window</a> sistema grafikoa berrerabili edo moldatu egingo ziren, eta ez zeuden konponenteak hutsetik idatzi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>. urtean Stallmanek <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundationa</a> (FSF) sortu zuen, exentzio fiskala duen irabazirik gabeko organizazioa, proiektuari logistika, legaltasun eta finantza laguntza emateko. FSFk gainera programatzaileak kontratu zituen GNU proiektuan lan egiteko, baina garapenaren zati handi bat (eta honela jarraitzen du izaten) boluntarioek egin zuten. GNUk izena irabazten joan zen heinean, honen inguruko merkatu eta negozioak hasi ziren, proiektuari laguntzen edo GNU softwarea saltzen eta honi laguntza teknikoa ematen. Adibide arrakastatsuenetariko bat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cygnus_Solutions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cygnus Solutions (sortu gabe)">Cygnus Solutions</a> izan zen, orain <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Haten</a> zati. </p><p>GNUren softwarea beti librea izango dela bermatzeko, <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989an</a> <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public Licensearen</a> (GNU GPL) lehen bertsioa kaleratu zen. Gaur egun GNUren programa gehienak lizentzia hau erabiltzen dute, eta baita beste hainbat GNU proiektuko ez diren programek ere; munduan gehien erabiltzen den software libre lizentziatako bat da. Jasotzaileak programa exekutatzeko, modifikatzeko eta banatzeko aukera ematen du, eta ezin zaio inolako errestrintziorik ezarri kopiei banatzean. Ideia <a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a> bezala ezagutzen da. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. urterako GNU sistemak testu editore extentsiblea zuen (<a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a>), arrakasta handiko konpilatzailea (<a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a>), eta UNIX estandar baten moduko nukleoko liburutegi eta aplikazio gehienak zituen. Hala ere zatirik garrantzitsuena falta zen, kernela. GNU Manifestuan, Stallman-ek esan zuen "oinarrizko kernela badago, baina hainbat ezaugarri falta zaizkio UNIX bat emulatzeko". <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRIX (sortu gabe)">TRIX</a>-i buruz hari zen, MIT-en garatutako kernel bat; honen garatzaileek libre egin zuten, eta <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">UNIX</a>-en 7. bertsioarekin osagarria zen. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986ko</a> abenduan, kernel honen modifikazioan lana hasi zen. Hala ere, garatzaileek hasiera batean ez erabilgarria zela esan zuten, makina garesti batean bakarrik funtzionatzen baitzuen. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>. urtean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mach_kernel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mach kernel (sortu gabe)">Mach</a> kernela garatu zen <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_Unibertsitatea" title="Carnegie Mellon Unibertsitatea">CMU</a> unibertsitatean, eta hau erabiltzea adostu zen. Garapena atzeratu egin zen garatzaileek <a href="/w/index.php?title=ATT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATT (sortu gabe)">AT&Trena</a> zen kodea ezabatu behar izan zutelako. Hasiera batean, kernela Alix deitu zen, baina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Bushnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Bushnell (sortu gabe)">Michael Bushnellek</a> azkenean nahiago izan zuen <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">Hurd</a> deitu, eta ondorioz Alix subsistema batera mugitu zen, eta azkenean guztiz ezabatu. Hurd-en garapena asko moteldu da ia izozterarte arrazoi tekniko eta arazo pertsonalengatik. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>. urtean <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a>, UNIX-i konpatiblea zen <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> kernela idatzi zuen. Hasiera batean librea ez bazen ere, <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. urtean Torvald-ek lizentzia aldatu zion GNU GPLra. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. urtean, GNU sistemarekin konbinat zen, sistema eragile oso eta libre bat emanez. GNU sistema normalean dagoen moduan, "<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">GNU/Linux</a> sistema" bezala ezagutzen da. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. urtean <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">Hurden</a> garapena aktibo dago, eta GNU sistemaren kernel ofiziala da orain. Gainera proiektu bat dago GNU sistema <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> eta <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>-en kernel gainean funtzionatzeko </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GNU_softwarea">GNU softwarea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «GNU softwarea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: GNU softwarea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GNU proiektuak garatzen dituen softwaretako batzuk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_softwarea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema softwarea (sortu gabe)">Sistema softwarea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_bison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU bison (sortu gabe)">Bison</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yacc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yacc (sortu gabe)">yacc</a> ordezkatzeko parseatzaile generatzailea</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourne-Again_shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourne-Again shell (sortu gabe)">Bash</a> – <a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix shell">Unix shell</a>-a</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binary_File_Descriptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binary File Descriptor (sortu gabe)">BFD</a> – objektu fitxategien liburutegia</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classpath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classpath (sortu gabe)">Classpath</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Java_programazio_lenguaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Java programazio lenguaia (sortu gabe)">Java</a>-rentzat liburutegiak</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coreutils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coreutils (sortu gabe)">Coreutils</a> – Unix-en oinarrizko tresnak, adibidez <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cat (Unix) (sortu gabe)">cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ls" title="Ls">ls</a>, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rm_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rm (Unix) (sortu gabe)">rm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> – testu editorea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a> – <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> estandarraren <a href="/w/index.php?title=C_programming_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C programming language (sortu gabe)">C</a> liburutegia, funtzionalitate batzuk gehituta</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_toolchain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU toolchain (sortu gabe)">GNU toolchain</a> tresnak softwarea garatzeko: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Binutils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Binutils (sortu gabe)">GNU Binutils</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensabladorea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensabladorea (sortu gabe)">ensabladorea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estekatzailea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estekatzailea (sortu gabe)">estekatzailea</a>, eta antzeko tresnak</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_build_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU build system (sortu gabe)">GNU build system</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Automake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automake (sortu gabe)">Automake</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autoconf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autoconf (sortu gabe)">Autoconf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libtool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libtool (sortu gabe)">Libtool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konpilatzailea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konpilatzailea (sortu gabe)">konpilatzailea</a> hainbat <a href="/wiki/Programazio-lengoaia" title="Programazio-lengoaia">programazio lengoaietarako</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programazio_lengoaia)" title="C (programazio lengoaia)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortran" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_programazio_lenguaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ada programazio lenguaia (sortu gabe)">Ada</a>, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Java_programazio_lenguaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Java programazio lenguaia (sortu gabe)">Java</a> barne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GDB</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugatzailea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debugatzailea (sortu gabe)">debugatzailea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_MDK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU MDK (sortu gabe)">GNU MDK</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIX (sortu gabe)">MIX</a>-en programatzeko garapen tresnak</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_screen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU screen (sortu gabe)">Screen</a> – terminal multiplexadorea</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texinfo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texinfo (sortu gabe)">Texinfo</a> – inprimatutako edo online dauden euskuliburuak sortzeko sistema</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wget (sortu gabe)">GNU wget</a> – saretik eta Internetetik fitxategiak jasotzeko aplikazioa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNUnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNUnet (sortu gabe)">GNUnet</a> – zentralizatugabeko, puntu-puntu moduko komunikazio sarea, zentsurari erristentzia gainditzeko ere diseinatua</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DotGNU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DotGNU (sortu gabe)">DotGNU</a> – <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft .NET">.NET</a>-en ordezkoa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrokernel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrokernel (sortu gabe)">mikrokernel</a> baten oinarritutako zerbitzu multzoa UNIX kernel baten funtzio berak egiteko</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aplikazio_softwarea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aplikazio softwarea (sortu gabe)">Aplikazio softwarea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a> – GNU Image Manipulating Program - GNUren irudiak manipulatzeko programa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GLPK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLPK (sortu gabe)">GLPK</a> –</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMP_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GMP (software) (sortu gabe)">GMP</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> – mahaigain ingurugiro grafikoa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_LilyPond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU LilyPond (sortu gabe)">GNU LilyPond</a> –</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Octave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Octave (sortu gabe)">GNU Octave</a> – <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>-en antzekoa den programa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Privacy_Guard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Privacy Guard (sortu gabe)">GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG)</a> – <a href="/wiki/PGP" title="PGP">PGP</a> ordezka dezakeen zifratu tresna librea</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Robots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Robots (sortu gabe)">GNU Robots</a> – joko txiki baina adiktiboa ordenagailu programatzaileentzat</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSL (sortu gabe)">GSL</a> – GNUren liburutegi zientifikoa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNUstep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNUstep (sortu gabe)">GNUstep</a> –</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guile (sortu gabe)">Guile</a> –</li></ul></li></ul> <p>GNU proiektuak beste hainbat proiekturen garapena eta ekoizpenean parte hartzen du, adibidez: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrent_Versions_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concurrent Versions System (sortu gabe)">CVS</a> – kode-iturburuaren kontrola</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DDD (sortu gabe)">DDD</a> – hainbat debugatzailerentzat aurrealde grafikoa</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECos (sortu gabe)">eCos</a> – sistema eragile txikia gailu <i>txikientzat</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gzip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gzip (sortu gabe)">gzip</a> – datuak konprimitzeko liburutegi eta programa</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. <a href="/wiki/Urtarril" title="Urtarril">urtarrilerako</a> 260 proiektu zeuden GNUren proiektupean <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://savanah.gnu.org/search/?type_of_search=soft&words=%%%&type=1">[1]</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hizlariak">Hizlariak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hizlariak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Hizlariak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Honako hauek dira GNU proiektuaren hizlari ofizialak <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gnu.org/people/speakers.html">[2]</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J._Chassell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J. Chassell (sortu gabe)">Robert J. Chassell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%AFc_Dachary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loïc Dachary (sortu gabe)">Loïc Dachary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Greve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Greve (sortu gabe)">Georg Greve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Heinz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Heinz (sortu gabe)">Federico Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_Kuhn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley Kuhn (sortu gabe)">Bradley Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eben_Moglen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eben Moglen (sortu gabe)">Eben Moglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Sugar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Sugar (sortu gabe)">David Sugar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_librearen_mugimendua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Software librearen mugimendua (sortu gabe)">Software librearen mugimendua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduki_librea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduki librea">Eduki librea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estandar_irekiak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estandar irekiak (sortu gabe)">Estandar irekiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_paketeen_zerrenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU paketeen zerrenda (sortu gabe)">GNU paketeen zerrenda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/37px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/55px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/73px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><b><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/Azala?uselang=eu">Wikiztegian</a></b> orri bat dago honi buruz: <i><b><a href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/Berezi:Search/gnu" class="extiw" title="wikt:Berezi:Search/gnu">gnu</a></b></i> .</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/">Webgune Ofiziala</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss/">gnu-system-discuss posta zerrenda, GNU sistemari buruzko zerrenda teknikoa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&selm=771%40mit-eddie.UUCP">Stallman-en 1983ko GNU proiektuaren iragarpen testua</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html">Stallman-ek proiektua eta honen historiari buruzko ikuspegi pertsonala ematen du</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html"><i>The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource</i>, Stallman's essay concerning a GNU encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050305225843/http://www.gnu-friends.org/special/about">GNU-friends, eztabaida forua</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/">Sourceforge-ko GNU tresnen Win32rako itzulketa-portaketak</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://savannah.gnu.org/">Sourceforge moduko gunea GNUren softwarea garatzeko</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: ; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align=""> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/64px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/96px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/128px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/GNU_Proiektua" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU Proiektua">GNU Proiektua</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/64px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/96px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/128px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <p><b>Historia</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Manifesto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Manifesto (sortu gabe)">GNU Manifesto</a> • <a href="/wiki/GNU_Proiektua" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU Proiektua">GNU Proiektua</a> • <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation (FSF)</a> •<a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_librearen_historia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Software librearen historia (sortu gabe)">Software librearen historia</a> <br /> <b>GNU lizentziak</b>: <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License (GPL)</a> • <a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a> • <a href="/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License (FDL)</a> <br /> <b>Softwarea</b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a> sistema eragilea • <a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">bash</a> • <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GNU Compiler Collection</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_C_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU C Library (sortu gabe)">GNU C Library</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Core_Utilities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Core Utilities (sortu gabe)">Coreutils</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_build_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU build system (sortu gabe)">GNU build system</a> • <i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_paketeen_zerrenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU paketeen zerrenda (sortu gabe)">GNUren beste pakete eta programak</a></i> <br /> <b>Hizlariak</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J._Chassell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J. Chassell (sortu gabe)">Robert J. Chassell</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%AFc_Dachary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loïc Dachary (sortu gabe)">Loïc Dachary</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Galli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Galli (sortu gabe)">Ricardo Galli</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_C._F._Greve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg C. F. Greve (sortu gabe)">Georg C. F. Greve</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federico_Heinz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federico Heinz (sortu gabe)">Federico Heinz</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_M._Kuhn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley M. Kuhn (sortu gabe)">Bradley M. Kuhn</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eben_Moglen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eben Moglen (sortu gabe)">Eben Moglen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_H._Tower_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard H. Tower Jr. (sortu gabe)">Len Tower</a> <br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Unix-moduko" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix-moduko">Unix-moduko</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistema_eragile" title="Sistema eragile">sistema eragileak</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=A/UX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A/UX (sortu gabe)">A/UX</a> • <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX_(sistema_eragilea)" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM AIX (sistema eragilea)">AIX</a> • <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> • <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=HP-UX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HP-UX (sortu gabe)">HP-UX</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=IRIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IRIX (sortu gabe)">IRIX</a> • <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> • <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=NEXTSTEP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NEXTSTEP (sortu gabe)">NEXTSTEP</a> • <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan 9 (sortu gabe)">Plan 9</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=QNX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QNX (sortu gabe)">QNX</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Unix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Unix (sortu gabe)">Research Unix</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=SCO_OpenServer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCO OpenServer (sortu gabe)">SCO OpenServer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(sistema_eragilea)" title="Solaris (sistema eragilea)">Solaris</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNIX_System_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNIX System V (sortu gabe)">System V</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tru64_UNIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tru64 UNIX (sortu gabe)">Tru64</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenix (sortu gabe)">Xenix</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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<span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>75 hizkuntza</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Gehitu atala</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dbbdd594f-f8z8l","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.078","walltime":"0.230","ppvisitednodes":{"value":332,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":6666,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2028,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 28.265 1 -total"," 37.86% 10.701 1 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