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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Clitellata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سرجيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرجيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Клителумни червеи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клителумни червеи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitel%C2%B7lats" title="Clitel·lats – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Clitel·lats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaskovci" title="Opaskovci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Opaskovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrtelw%C3%BCrmer" title="Gürtelwürmer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gürtelwürmer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%CA%BCosh_biziiz_dah%C3%B3l%C3%B3n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Chʼosh biziiz dahólónígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chʼosh biziiz dahólónígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6%C3%B6sed" title="Vöösed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vöösed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کمربندتنان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمربندتنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitelados" title="Clitelados – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Clitelados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%88%EB%AA%A8%EB%A5%98" title="빈모류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빈모류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pojasnici" title="Pojasnici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pojasnici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyeregk%C3%A9pz%C5%91k" title="Nyeregképzők – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyeregképzők" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سرجيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سرجيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%B8%AF%E9%A1%9E" title="環帯類 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="環帯類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belteormer" title="Belteormer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Belteormer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6rdelw%C3%B6rmer" title="Gördelwörmer – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gördelwörmer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siode%C5%82kowce" title="Siodełkowce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siodełkowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Поясковые черви – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поясковые черви" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaskovce" title="Opaskovce – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Opaskovce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6rdelmaskar" title="Gördelmaskar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gördelmaskar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Пояскові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пояскові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giun_c%C3%B3_%C4%91ai_sinh_d%E1%BB%A5c" title="Giun có đai sinh dục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giun có đai sinh dục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" title="Clitellata – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Clitellata" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%B8%B6%E7%B6%B1" title="環帶綱 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="環帶綱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%B8%A6%E7%BA%B2" title="环带纲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="环带纲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q839350#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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rgb(235,235,210)">Clitellata<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Triassic–Recent</span><sup id="cite_ref-Manum1991_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manum1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:72.092307692308px; width:147.90769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:134.74086153846px; width:85.259138461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:135.74086153846px; width:83.259138461538px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Earthworm_Mi%C3%B1oca_060106GFDL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Earthworm_Mi%C3%B1oca_060106GFDL.jpg/220px-Earthworm_Mi%C3%B1oca_060106GFDL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Earthworm_Mi%C3%B1oca_060106GFDL.jpg/330px-Earthworm_Mi%C3%B1oca_060106GFDL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Earthworm_Mi%C3%B1oca_060106GFDL.jpg/440px-Earthworm_Mi%C3%B1oca_060106GFDL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Earthworm </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Clitellata" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">Annelida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pleistoannelida" title="Pleistoannelida">Pleistoannelida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sedentaria" title="Sedentaria">Sedentaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clitellata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subclasses </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Branchiobdellae" class="mw-redirect" title="Branchiobdellae">Branchiobdellae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Hirudinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirudinea">Hirudinea</a><br /> "<a href="/wiki/Oligochaeta" title="Oligochaeta">Oligochaeta</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>)<br /> and see <a href="#Systematics">text</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>Clitellata</b> are a <a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a> of <a href="/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">annelid</a> <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worms</a>, characterized by having a <a href="/wiki/Clitellum" title="Clitellum">clitellum</a> – the 'collar' that forms a reproductive cocoon during part of their life cycles. The <b>clitellates</b> comprise around 8,000 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>. Unlike the class of <a href="/wiki/Polychaeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychaeta">Polychaeta</a>, they do not have <a href="/wiki/Parapodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parapodia">parapodia</a> and their heads are less developed. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clitellate annelids are segmented worms characterised by the <a href="/wiki/Clitellum" title="Clitellum">clitellum</a> or girdle which is located near the head end of mature individuals. The mouth is on the ventral surface and is overhung by the <a href="/wiki/Prostomium" title="Prostomium">prostomium</a> (proboscis). The brain is not located in the head but in one of the body segments. The clitellum is formed by a modification of several segments, and either includes the female <a href="/wiki/Gonopore" title="Gonopore">gonopores</a> or is located just behind them. During copulation, this glandular tissue secretes mucus that keeps the paired individuals together while they exchange sperm. Afterwards it secretes material that forms a cocoon that encircles the animal's body and encloses the eggs and sperm. The animal works this cocoon forward and over its head end, whereupon the ends of the cocoon become sealed, with fertilisation and development taking place inside.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earthworms and their kin, in the subclass Oligochaeta, lack eyes but have <a href="/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell" title="Photoreceptor cell">photoreceptor cells</a> in the skin, especially in the dorsal portion of the anterior end. They also lack <a href="/wiki/Parapodium" title="Parapodium">parapodia</a> and appendages on the prostomium, the body and the <a href="/wiki/Periproct" title="Periproct">periproct</a> (terminal segment on which the <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> is located). The gonads are located in a few segments near the clitellum, with the <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testes</a> being anterior to the <a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">ovaries</a>. There are four bundles of one to twenty-five <a href="/wiki/Chaeta" title="Chaeta">chaetae</a> on each segment; these have muscles attached to their bases and can be extended or retracted.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leeches, order Hirudinida,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly have flattened bodies, usually tapered at both ends. They have a fixed number of segments, 33, but the segmentation is not visible externally because the cuticle is marked with annulations. Leeches do not bear chaetae. The front few segments or head have been modified into a sucker that usually surrounds the mouth. These segments usually bear several <a href="/wiki/Ocelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocelli">ocelli</a> on the upper side. The clitellum occupies segments 9 to 11 but is only noticeable during breeding periods. The hindermost segments form another, larger, disc-shaped sucker located on the underside of the body. The anus is on the dorsal surface just in front of the posterior sucker. The body wall includes strong transverse, longitudinal and diagonal muscles which give the animal great flexibility and extensibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genetic studies have shown the class' genome have gone through an extreme rearrangement, more than any other animals.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clitellates live on land, in freshwater or in the ocean. The subclass <a href="/wiki/Hirudinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirudinea">Hirudinea</a> (leeches) contains three orders with various habitat preferences. <a href="/wiki/Branchiobdellida" title="Branchiobdellida">Branchiobdellida</a> are <a href="/wiki/Commensalism" title="Commensalism">commensal</a> with freshwater <a href="/wiki/Crayfish" title="Crayfish">crayfish</a>, grazing algae from their exoskeletons. <a href="/wiki/Acanthobdellidea" title="Acanthobdellidea">Acanthobdellida</a> are parasitic on freshwater fishes such as <a href="/wiki/Thymallus" title="Thymallus">grayling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leech" title="Leech">Leeches</a> can be found in nearly every part of the world, in freshwater, terrestrial, and marine habitats. </p><p>The subclass <a href="/wiki/Oligochaeta" title="Oligochaeta">Oligochaeta</a>, which includes the earthworms as the largest members of the group, mostly live on land, burrowing in damp soil. Smaller freshwater species burrow in mud or live among aquatic vegetation. The marine species are mostly tiny and live in the interstices between sand grains, from the intertidal zone to the deep sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All clitellata are <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphrodites</a>. During copulation, the clitellum produces a mucus that holds worms in place whilst they mate. During reproduction, the clitellum secretes a yolk (albumen) and a proteinaceous sheath which hardens. The worm then creeps out backward from the coat and deposits either fertilized <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygotes</a> or both <a href="/wiki/Ovum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovum">ovae</a> and sperm into the coat, which is then packed into a cocoon. The zygotes then develop directly in the cocoon without passing through a larval stage (as opposed to other annelids, e.g. Polychaeta.) This mechanism is considered to be apomorphic (a newly derived characteristic rather than an evolutionarily ancestral one).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematics">Systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Annelid_families" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Annelid families">List of Annelid families</a></div> <p>According to modern phylogenetic analyses, the Clitellata are considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> embedded deep in the <a href="/wiki/Polychaete" title="Polychaete">polychaetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZrzavýŘíha2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZrzavýŘíha2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StruckPaul2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StruckPaul2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WeigertHelm2014_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeigertHelm2014-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group is divided into the subclasses <a href="/wiki/Oligochaeta" title="Oligochaeta">Oligochaeta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hirudinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirudinea">Hirudinea</a>. The oligochaetes contain the tubificids (<a href="/wiki/Naididae" title="Naididae">Naididae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumbricidae" title="Lumbricidae">Lumbricidae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lumbriculidae" title="Lumbriculidae">Lumbriculidae</a> - commonly the tube worms and the earthworms. Hirudinea contains leeches (Hirudinida), Acanthobdellida, and Branchiobdellida.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hirudinea is <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a>, but the clade is embedded among the <a href="/wiki/Oligochaeta" title="Oligochaeta">Oligochaeta</a>. Two approaches are possible:<sup id="cite_ref-Erséus_et_al._2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erséus_et_al._2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>abolish Oligochaeta as traditionally delimited in favor of a number of smaller monophyletic lineages<sup id="cite_ref-Erséus_et_al._2008_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erséus_et_al._2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>treat Oligochaeta and Clitellata as <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonym (biology)">synonymous</a> while splitting up the traditional "oligochaetes" into monophyletic lineages.<sup id="cite_ref-Erséus_et_al._2008_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erséus_et_al._2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Manum1991-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manum1991_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFManumBoseSawyer1991" class="citation journal cs1">Manum, S. 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Did that enable their ancestors to leave the sea?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reichardt (2006): pp.63, 67–68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZrzavýŘíha2009-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZrzavýŘíha2009_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZrzavýŘíhaPiálekJanouškovec2009" class="citation journal cs1">Zrzavý, Jan; Říha, Pavel; Piálek, Lubomír; Janouškovec, Jan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732625">"Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-189">10.1186/1471-2148-9-189</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-2148">1471-2148</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732625">2732625</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19660115">19660115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+Annelida+%28Lophotrochozoa%29%3A+total-evidence+analysis+of+morphology+and+six+genes&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=189&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2732625%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1471-2148&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19660115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-189&rft.aulast=Zrzav%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=%C5%98%C3%ADha%2C+Pavel&rft.au=Pi%C3%A1lek%2C+Lubom%C3%ADr&rft.au=Janou%C5%A1kovec%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2732625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClitellata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StruckPaul2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StruckPaul2011_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStruckPaulHillHartmann2011" class="citation journal cs1">Struck, Torsten H.; Paul, Christiane; Hill, Natascha; Hartmann, Stefanie; Hösel, Christoph; Kube, Michael; Lieb, Bernhard; Meyer, Achim; Tiedemann, Ralph; Purschke, Günter; Bleidorn, Christoph (2011). 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(2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu080">"Illuminating the Base of the Annelid Tree Using Transcriptomics"</a>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>31</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1391–</span>1401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu080">10.1093/molbev/msu080</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-1719">1537-1719</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24567512">24567512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Illuminating+the+Base+of+the+Annelid+Tree+Using+Transcriptomics&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1391-%3C%2Fspan%3E1401&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=1537-1719&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24567512&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu080&rft.aulast=Weigert&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Helm%2C+Conrad&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Matthias&rft.au=Nickel%2C+Birgit&rft.au=Arendt%2C+Detlev&rft.au=Hausdorf%2C+Bernhard&rft.au=Santos%2C+Scott+R.&rft.au=Halanych%2C+Kenneth+M.&rft.au=Purschke%2C+G%C3%BCnter&rft.au=Bleidorn%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Struck%2C+Torsten+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmolbev%252Fmsu080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClitellata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTesslerde_CarleVoiklisGresham2018" class="citation journal cs1">Tessler, Michael; de Carle, Danielle; Voiklis, Madeleine L.; Gresham, Olivia A.; Neumann, Johannes; Cios, Stanisław; Siddall, Mark E. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325207774">"Worms that suck: Phylogenetic analysis of Hirudinea solidifies the positionof Acanthobdellida and necessitates the dissolution of Rhynchobdellida"</a>. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>127</b> (127): <span class="nowrap">129–</span>134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2018.05.001">10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Worms+that+suck%3A+Phylogenetic+analysis+of+Hirudinea+solidifies+the+positionof+Acanthobdellida+and+necessitates+the+dissolution+of+Rhynchobdellida&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=127&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2018.05.001&rft.aulast=Tessler&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=de+Carle%2C+Danielle&rft.au=Voiklis%2C+Madeleine+L.&rft.au=Gresham%2C+Olivia+A.&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Johannes&rft.au=Cios%2C+Stanis%C5%82aw&rft.au=Siddall%2C+Mark+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F325207774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClitellata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erséus_et_al._2008-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erséus_et_al._2008_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erséus_et_al._2008_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erséus_et_al._2008_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erséus <i>et al.</i> (2008)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Erséus, Christer; Wetzel, Mark J. & Gustavsson, Lena</span> (2008): ICZN rules – a farewell to Tubificidae (Annelida, Clitellata). <i><a href="/wiki/Zootaxa" title="Zootaxa">Zootaxa</a></i> <b>1744</b>: 66–68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01744p068.pdf">PDF fulltext</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791" /><span class="smallcaps">Reichardt, Anna Katharina</span> (2006): <i>Systematische Zoologie</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers2738" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers2738" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Clitellata</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839350" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q839350">Q839350</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Clitellata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Clitellata">Clitellata</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Clitellata/">Clitellata</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Clitellata">Clitellata</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=95135">95135</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/9H">9H</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/37">37</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/255">255</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/63089">63089</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=568832">568832</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=42113">42113</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/4b1b43a0-81d0-4105-9ec9-8f6a80161836">4b1b43a0-81d0-4105-9ec9-8f6a80161836</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=563197">563197</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=291060">291060</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8759D606-FF5C-970B-C314-06DFFFD1F51F">8759D606-FF5C-970B-C314-06DFFFD1F51F</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14165">14165</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox904" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority 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