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class="sharethis-wrapper"><div class="sharethis-innerwrapper"><span st_url="https://musique.rfi.fr/chanson-francophone/20211130-josephine-baker-plus-grande-chansons" st_title="Joséphine Baker, plus grande que ses chansons" class="st_whatsapp_large" displaytext="whatsapp"></span> <span st_url="https://musique.rfi.fr/chanson-francophone/20211130-josephine-baker-plus-grande-chansons" st_title="Joséphine Baker, plus grande que ses chansons" class="st_googleplus_large" displaytext="googleplus"></span> <span st_url="https://musique.rfi.fr/chanson-francophone/20211130-josephine-baker-plus-grande-chansons" st_title="Joséphine Baker, plus grande que ses chansons" class="st_twitter_large" st_via=" " st_username="" displaytext="twitter"></span> <span st_url="https://musique.rfi.fr/chanson-francophone/20211130-josephine-baker-plus-grande-chansons" st_title="Joséphine Baker, plus grande que ses chansons" class="st_facebook_large" displaytext="facebook"></span> <span st_url="https://musique.rfi.fr/chanson-francophone/20211130-josephine-baker-plus-grande-chansons" st_title="Joséphine Baker, plus grande que ses chansons" class="st_print_large" displaytext="print"></span> </div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="article__image"> <figure>  <picture class="img-responsive">  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/large_normal_982x552/public/thumbnails/image/josephine-baker-1963_0.jpg?itok=eHL5PAOU&timestamp=1638267440 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/large_retina_1964x1104/public/thumbnails/image/josephine-baker-1963_0.jpg?itok=lC-TllS9&timestamp=1638267440 2x" data-aspectratio="1964/1104" media="(min-width: 992px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/large_normal_982x552/public/thumbnails/image/josephine-baker-1963_0.jpg?itok=eHL5PAOU&timestamp=1638267440 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/large_retina_1964x1104/public/thumbnails/image/josephine-baker-1963_0.jpg?itok=lC-TllS9&timestamp=1638267440 2x" data-aspectratio="1964/1104" media="(min-width: 480px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephine-baker-1963_0.jpg?itok=6Xb4IZlo&timestamp=1638267440 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/josephine-baker-1963_0.jpg?itok=iVvAwEQW&timestamp=1638267440 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 0px)"/>    <img class="img-responsive lazyload" data-aspectratio="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/large_normal_982x552/public/thumbnails/image/josephine-baker-1963_0.jpg?itok=eHL5PAOU&timestamp=1638267440 982w" alt="" title=""/>  </picture> <div class="infos"> <span class="legende"> Joséphine Baker sur scène à Berlin, le 8 mai 1963. </span> <span class="credit"> © Wieczorek / ullstein bild via Getty Images </span> </div>  </figure> </div> <div class="article__ad"> <div class="tms-block" data-tms-ad-pos="1" data-tms-ad-type="bigbox" data-tms-ad-location="content" data-tms-ad-status="idle"></div> </div> <div class="article__date"> <time datetime="mar, 11/30/2021 - 16:24">30/11/2021</time> </div> <div class="article__intro"> <p>Léger, exotique et finalement très français, le répertoire de Joséphine Baker, l’artiste de music-hall qui va entrer au Panthéon, est dépassé par l’immense stature d’une femme d’exception.</p> </div> <div class="article__corps"> <p>Par quoi connait-on le plus Joséphine Baker ? Il y a un certain charleston sur la scène du théâtre des Champs-Élysées, puis des cheveux courts et ondulés plaqués par la brillantine, puis seize bananes factices cousues sur une bande de tulle brun foncé, puis une paire de seins… Ah oui, n’oublions pas ces seins nus que l’on a tellement vus depuis la <i>Revue nègre </i>en octobre 1925 – sans compter tous les autres – que l’on en oublie aujourd’hui combien ils étaient neufs, radieux, scandaleux… </p> <p>Certes, on avait vu beaucoup de femmes nues en plâtre ou en bronze dans les parcs et jardins, beaucoup d’autres sur les murs et les plafonds des musées et des mairies de la IIIe République. Mais voici autre chose : au moment où, dans la bourgeoisie comme dans les classes populaires, des Françaises décident de ne plus porter le corset qui donne aux femmes la souplesse d’une colonne antique, Joséphine Baker danse, la poitrine nue, ce qui est évidemment érotique mais surtout libre. La France coloniale est immédiatement amoureuse de l’Américaine, de la sauvageonne, de la femme primale. À jamais, pourtant, elle gardera à la mémoire des chansons. </p> <p>C'est un paradoxe : Joséphine Baker entre dans la gloire par la splendeur insolente de son corps et, pour des générations encore, on connaitra sa voix. D’ailleurs, ce sera un usage non seulement lors de ses propres concerts, mais également dans les concerts des autres, dans les galas, dans les bars ou les restaurants : quand elle apparait, l’orchestre, le pianiste ou le pick up joue <i>J’ai deux amours</i>. Voici qui n’est pas un tube, mais un indicatif, un jingle, un titre de noblesse… </p> <p><b>Deux amours</b></p> <p>Arrivée à dix-neuf ans dans la troupe venue présenter la <i>Revue nègre </i>au public français, elle a choisi de rester en France. Elle apprend le français, fréquente la haute société, travaille infatigablement. Vincent Scotto, le plus prolifique et prospère compositeur de l’entre-deux-guerres, compose pour elle cet hymne que va "paroler" son complice Géo Koger pour la revue <i>Paris qui remue </i>au Casino de Paris en 1930 : <i>"J’ai deux amour /Mon pays et Paris /Par eux toujours/Mon cœur est ravi/Ma savane est belle/Mais à quoi bon le nier/Ce qui m’ensorcelle/C’est Paris, Paris tout entier"</i>. </p> <p>Peu importe qu’elle n’ait connu aucune savane dans sa vie d’Américaine. D’ailleurs, dans la même revue, elle reprend le premier succès composé par Scotto au début du siècle, <i>Petite Tonkinoise. </i>Quelle idée savoureuse, cette Noire qui chante <i>"Il m’appelle sa p’tite bourgeoise / Sa tonkiki, sa tonkiki, sa Tonkinoise" </i>! L’imaginaire exotique compte énormément au début de sa carrière mais elle ne l’abandonnera jamais. Son <i>best of </i>déroule un planisphère qu’elle incarne avec toujours le même goût pour la danse, la fantaisie, la légèreté. </p> <p>Dans les opérettes et revues dont elle est la tête d’affiche, dans les disques qui annoncent ou prolongent ses "rentrées" dans les music-halls parisiens ou ses longues tournées étrangères, la jeune métisse née à Saint-Louis (Missouri) navigue de carte postale en carte postale : <i>Voulez-vous de la canne à sucre ? </i>(1930), <i>Aux îles Hawaï </i>(1931),<i> Haïti </i>(1934), <i>Sous le ciel d’Afrique </i>(1935), <i>Nuits de Miami </i>(1936), <i>La Conga blicoti </i>(1936), <i>Doudou </i>(1937)<i>, Nuit d’Alger </i>(1937)<i>, Mon cœur est un oiseau des îles </i>(1940)<i>, Brazil </i>(1944)</p> <div class="dnd-widget-wrapper context-rfi_musique_half_page type-video"> <div class="dnd-atom-rendered"><iframe title="Joséphine Baker "J'ai deux amours" (live officiel) | Archive INA" width="492" height="277" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/gRfrUdsL4Pk?rel=0&showinfo=0&color=white" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> <p>Au passage, elle croise les Cubains des Lecuona Cuban Boys ou les Allemands des Comedian Harmonists pour des voyages plus ou moins "authentiques" dans la chanson ensoleillée. Elle peut exceller autant dans la Martinique de pacotille de <i>Chiquita madame</i> que dans l’évocation de la même île écrite et composée par une de ses plus singulières artistes, Maïotte Almaby, dans <i>Madiana</i>. Elle peut oser des "brésilianneries" parfaitement toc ou implanter <i>Brazil </i>d’Ary Barroso pour son retour dans la France libérée de 1944…</p> <p><b>Très française</b></p> <p>Mais n’est-ce pas, au fond, son style si singulier ? Car quand Joséphine Baker baguenaude dans les standards américains, on peut être surpris de son peu d’américanité. À l’aube des années 50, elle grave deux grandes compositions de Cole Porter, <i>I’ve Got You Under My Skin </i>et<i> Easy To Love, </i>devenues <i>Vous faites partie de moi</i> et <i>C'est si facile de vous aimer </i>: l’orchestre ne swingue pas du tout, et elle encore moins…</p> <p>Elle ne s’est jamais dite chanteuse de jazz ou blueswoman, et son enracinement musical restera toujours très français, comme une naturalisation absolue de ses goûts. Accent mis à part, elle est tout autant une chanteuse française que, plus tard, l’Italienne Rina Ketty, l’Égyptienne <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210/https://musique.rfi.fr/artiste/chanson/dalida">Dalida</a> ou l’Israélienne <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210/https://musique.rfi.fr/musique/20201223-rika-zarai-une-vie-luttes-despoir">Rika Zaraï</a>, séduisant un des publics qui, en Europe, se passionne le plus pour les imaginaires lointains, les voix exotiques et les danses rassurantes. </p> <p>Avec ton timbre moelleux et piquant à la fois, son phrasé un peu caoutchouteux et son accent américain, la voix de Joséphine Baker est presque l’envers du scandale de sa nudité, de sa danse trépidante et de sa dévorante sensualité. L’immense combattante de sa propre liberté – et de celle de toutes les femmes par contagion – puis de la France libre, de l’antiracisme et d’une certaine idée de l’humanité, est une interprète consensuelle qui, très vite, consacre plus de temps sur scène à revenir à ses succès antérieurs qu’à nourrir un nouveau répertoire. </p> <p>Elle danse, elle gigote, elle séduit, mais ne manifeste pas un souci extrême de la matière première musicale de ses spectacles. Peu importe ! Il faut que tout ressemble à son personnage troublant, exotique, à jamais fidèle à l’affiche de Paul Colin en 1925. Ainsi, Joséphine Baker est si grande que personne ne lui en voudra d’avoir une stature plus haute que ses chansons. Et surtout pas ses deux amours. </p> <p> </p> <div class="dnd-widget-wrapper context-rfi_musique_half_page type-deezer"> <div class="dnd-atom-rendered"><iframe scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" data-type="album" src="//web.archive.org/web/20211201234210if_/https://www.deezer.com/plugins/player?format=classic&autoplay=false&playlist=true&width=460&height=300&color=007FEB&layout=dark&size=medium&type=album&id=251374292&title=&app_id=252162" width="460" height="300"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="article__auteur" rel="author" itemprop="author"> Par : <a href="/web/20211201234210/https://musique.rfi.fr/tag/auteur/bertrand-dicale">Bertrand Dicale</a> </div> <div class="article__artiste"> <div class="tags-list"> <div id="list-of-content-tags-0"><span class="picto-ref-bundle-country"></span><a href="/web/20211201234210/https://musique.rfi.fr/style/chanson/chanson-francophone">Chanson francophone</a> - <a href="/web/20211201234210/https://musique.rfi.fr/tag/pays/etats-unis">États-Unis</a> - <a href="/web/20211201234210/https://musique.rfi.fr/category/country/france">France</a></div><div id="list-of-content-tags-1"><span class="picto-ref-bundle-artiste"></span><a href="/web/20211201234210/https://musique.rfi.fr/tag/artistes/josephine-baker">Joséphine Baker</a></div></div> </div> <div class="article__crosslinking"> <div class="block-same-subject clearfix"> <div class="block-title">Sur le même sujet</div> <div class="list-articles"> <div class="article-same-subject"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210/http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20170204-baker-josephine-chanteuse-danseuse-comedienne-militante-episode1 " target="_blank"> <span class="supertag supertag-small-white supertag-sound"></span> <figure class="ratio16x9">  <picture class="img-responsive">  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker.jpg?itok=NSQYbyBj&timestamp=1486374266 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker.jpg?itok=ekjeA_Bl&timestamp=1486374266 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 992px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker.jpg?itok=NSQYbyBj&timestamp=1486374266 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker.jpg?itok=ekjeA_Bl&timestamp=1486374266 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 480px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker.jpg?itok=NSQYbyBj&timestamp=1486374266 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker.jpg?itok=ekjeA_Bl&timestamp=1486374266 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 0px)"/>    <img class="img-responsive lazyload" data-aspectratio="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker.jpg?itok=NSQYbyBj&timestamp=1486374266 416w" alt="" title=""/>  </picture> </figure> <h2>Dis-moi Joséphine Baker - Épisode 1</h2> <div class="intro"> <p>Première grande icône noire internationale, Joséphine Baker a embrassé le siècle qui l’a vue naît</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-same-subject"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210/http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20141108-ecouter-paris-josephine-baker/ " target="_blank"> <span class="supertag supertag-small-white supertag-lien-externes"></span> <figure class="ratio16x9">  <picture title="Joséphine Baker" class="img-responsive">  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/ep-081114-josephinebaker_0_4.jpg?itok=UgN4mhGK&timestamp=1469024626 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/ep-081114-josephinebaker_0_4.jpg?itok=7JMcQpBy&timestamp=1469024626 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 992px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/ep-081114-josephinebaker_0_4.jpg?itok=UgN4mhGK&timestamp=1469024626 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/ep-081114-josephinebaker_0_4.jpg?itok=7JMcQpBy&timestamp=1469024626 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 480px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/ep-081114-josephinebaker_0_4.jpg?itok=UgN4mhGK&timestamp=1469024626 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/ep-081114-josephinebaker_0_4.jpg?itok=7JMcQpBy&timestamp=1469024626 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 0px)"/>    <img class="img-responsive lazyload" data-aspectratio="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/ep-081114-josephinebaker_0_4.jpg?itok=UgN4mhGK&timestamp=1469024626 416w" alt="Joséphine Baker" title="Joséphine Baker"/>  </picture> </figure> <h2>Joséphine Baker</h2> <div class="intro"> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-same-subject"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210/http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20140322-1-josephine-baker-vue-fils-adoptifs/ " target="_blank"> <span class="supertag supertag-small-white supertag-lien-externes"></span> <figure class="ratio16x9">  <picture title="Le rêve de Joséphine Baker" class="img-responsive">  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker11_4.jpg?itok=afLmR3Ub&timestamp=1469024626 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker11_4.jpg?itok=FvgpXPKC&timestamp=1469024626 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 992px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker11_4.jpg?itok=afLmR3Ub&timestamp=1469024626 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker11_4.jpg?itok=FvgpXPKC&timestamp=1469024626 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 480px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker11_4.jpg?itok=afLmR3Ub&timestamp=1469024626 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker11_4.jpg?itok=FvgpXPKC&timestamp=1469024626 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 0px)"/>    <img class="img-responsive lazyload" data-aspectratio="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/josephinebaker11_4.jpg?itok=afLmR3Ub&timestamp=1469024626 416w" alt="Le rêve de Joséphine Baker" title="Le rêve de Joséphine Baker"/>  </picture> </figure> <h2>Le rêve de Joséphine Baker</h2> <div class="intro"> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-same-subject"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210/https://www.rfi.fr/fr/connaissances/20211130-jos%C3%A9phine-baker-star-et-h%C3%A9ro%C3%AFne-de-temps-en-temps " target="_blank"> <span class="supertag supertag-small-white supertag-sound"></span> <figure class="ratio16x9">  <picture class="img-responsive">  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/gettyimages-104405720_josephine-baker_1961.jpg?itok=dEpTE_C7&timestamp=1638264831 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/gettyimages-104405720_josephine-baker_1961.jpg?itok=JGP5huV1&timestamp=1638264831 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 992px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/gettyimages-104405720_josephine-baker_1961.jpg?itok=dEpTE_C7&timestamp=1638264831 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/gettyimages-104405720_josephine-baker_1961.jpg?itok=JGP5huV1&timestamp=1638264831 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 480px)"/> <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/gettyimages-104405720_josephine-baker_1961.jpg?itok=dEpTE_C7&timestamp=1638264831 1x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_retina_833x469/public/thumbnails/image/gettyimages-104405720_josephine-baker_1961.jpg?itok=JGP5huV1&timestamp=1638264831 2x" data-aspectratio="833/469" media="(min-width: 0px)"/>    <img class="img-responsive lazyload" data-aspectratio="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234210im_/https://musique.rfi.fr/sites/default/files/styles/medium_normal_416x234/public/thumbnails/image/gettyimages-104405720_josephine-baker_1961.jpg?itok=dEpTE_C7&timestamp=1638264831 416w" alt="" title=""/>  </picture> </figure> <h2>Joséphine Baker, star et héroïne "de temps en temps"</h2> <div class="intro"> <p>En entrant au Panthéon le 30 novembre, Joséphine Baker devient la sixième femme à rejoindre le mo</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-sharer"> <div class="sharethis-buttons"><div class="sharethis-bar collapsible virality"><div class="sharethis-wrapper"><div class="sharethis-innerwrapper"><span st_url="https://musique.rfi.fr/chanson-francophone/20211130-josephine-baker-plus-grande-chansons" st_title="Joséphine Baker, plus grande que ses chansons" class="st_whatsapp_large" displaytext="whatsapp"></span> <span 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