Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-9F3B5VV3T3"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-9F3B5VV3T3'); </script> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias | Bentham Science </title> <meta content="IE=edge" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport">  <meta content="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb" name="csrf-token">  <meta name="description" content="Background: Arrhythmia management is a complex process involving both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Radiofrequency ablation is the p" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias"> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/90652" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://www.eurekaselect.com/images/bentham/CCR_0.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Background: Arrhythmia management is a complex process involving both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Radiofrequency ablation is the pillar of nonpharmacological arrhythmia treatment. Unipolar ablation is considered to be the gold standard in the treatment of the majority of arrhythmias; however, its efficacy is limited to specific cases. In particular, the creation of deep or transmural lesions to eliminate intramurally originating arrhythmias remains inadequate. Bipolar ablation is proposed as an alternative to overcome unipolar ablation boundaries. Results: Despite promising results gained from in vitro and animal studies showing that bipolar ablation is superior in creating transmural lesions, the use of bipolar ablation in daily clinical practice is limited. Several studies have been published showing that bipolar ablation is effective in the treatment of clinical arrhythmias after failed unipolar ablation, however, there is inconsistency regarding the safety of bipolar ablation within the available research papers. According to research evidence, the most common indications for bipolar ablation use are ventricular originating rhythmic disorders in patients with structural heart disease resistant to standard radiofrequency ablation. Conclusion: To allow wider clinical application the efficiency and safety of bipolar ablation need to be verified in future studies." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="http://www.eurekaselect.com" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Filip Soucek" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Zdenek Starek" /> <meta name="citation_publish_on" content="2018-05-24 " /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Current Cardiology Reviews"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="14"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="185"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="191"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://www.eurekaselect.com/article/90652"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608" /> <script defer="" src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/app.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <script src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/all.min.js"></script>   <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/css/style.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/plugins/animate-hover/hover-min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/plugins/wow-animate/animate.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/assets/vendors/select2/css/select2.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/assets/vendors/select2/css/select2-bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <style type="text/css" id="slider-css"> </style> <script src="/js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=5f2d6cad2e6de20011ec6cd1&product=inline-share-buttons" async="async"></script> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/css/imageviewer.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/imageviewer.js"></script> </head> <body>  <header > <div class="container"> <script src="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <div class="row flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <div class="col-md-2"><a href="/"><img src="/images/logo.png" alt="Eurekaselect logo" class="hvr-grow logo"></a></div> <div class="col-md-5"> <a class="hidden-xs hidden-sm hor-banner" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://bit.ly/41m0zYJ"><img alt="Bentham Newsletter" src="/images/bentham_newsletter.webp" title="newsletter banner"><span class="sr-only sr-only-focusable">newsletter banner</span></a> <form class="search mt-md-2 mb-md-4" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" name="searchvalue" class="form-control" placeholder="Search here..." aria-label="Search anything here" aria-describedby="search-anything-here" autocomplete="off"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button name="search" type="submit" title="Search Button" id="search-anything-here"><i class="fas fa-search"><span class="sr-only sr-only-focusable">Search anything here</span></i></button> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 pt-md-4 top-links text-right">  <a class="btn btn-link text-dark dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="login-wig" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="far fa-user"></i> Login</a> <div class="dropdown-menu login-pop" id="login-wigs"> <h5 class="text-center">Login</h5> <hr> <form method="POST" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/login" aria-label="Login"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb" autocomplete="off"> <div class="form-group"> <input id="identity" type="identity" class="font-14 form-control form-control-sm " name="identity" value="" aria-label="enter user id" placeholder="E-Mail/User" required autofocus> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="password" type="password" class="font-14 form-control form-control-sm " name="password" placeholder="Password" aria-label="enter password" required> </div> <div class="form-group mb-0"> <div class="captcha row"> <div class="col-md-6 text-center"> <span><img src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/captcha/default?iuoD9CoY" ></span> </div> </div> <div class="form-group mb-4"> <input id="captcha" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter Captcha" aria-label="enter captcha" name="captcha"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="custom-control custom-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input form-check-input" name="remember" id="remember" > <label class="custom-control-label" for="remember">Remember Me</label> </div> </div>  <div class="form-group row mb-0"> <div class="col-md-12 mb-3"> <button type="submit" class="btn bg-primary-light text-white btn-sm btn-block"> Login </button> </div> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.net/public/openathens/index.php" class="btn bg-primary-light text-white btn-sm btn-block"> OpenAthens Login </a> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item px-0" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/password/reset"> Forgot Your Password?</a> <a class="dropdown-item px-0" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/register"> New around here? Sign up</a> </form> </div> <a class="btn btn-link text-dark" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/register"> <i class="fas fa-user-plus" aria-label="register link"> </i> Register </a> <a class="btn btn-link text-dark" href="/cart"> <i class="fas fa-shopping-cart" aria-label="cart link"> </i> Cart <span class="badge badge-dark"> 0 </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="fixed-header" class="navbar navbar-expand-lg"> <div class="container"> <button class="navbar-toggler border-0" title="navigation" type="button" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> </button> <div class="navbar-collapse offcanvas-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="text-right"> <button class="navbar-toggler border-0" type="button" data-toggle="offcanvas" aria-label="close mobile navigation"> <i class="fas fa-times"></i> </button> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarByDisease" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarByDisease"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h4 class="text-md-center">About</h4> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/about-us">About Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/pages/mission-statement-history">Mission Statement & History</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarPublications"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <h4 class="text-md-center">Journals</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <img src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/assets/images/library.svg" alt="Journals"> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/bypublication">By Title</a></li> <li><a href="/browse_by_subject">By Subject</a></li>   <li><a href="/pages/patent-journals" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Patent Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/free-online-samples" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Free Online Samples</a></li> <li><a href="/journal-impacting-science" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journals Impacting Science</a></li> <li><a href="/journals-catalog">Journals Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/new-journals-2023" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New Journals 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/new-journals-2024" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New Journals 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/subscriptions-pricing-ordering" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Price and Ordering Information</a></li> <li><a href="/journal-subscriptions/2023" class="">Subscription Rates 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/journal-subscriptions/2024" class="">Subscription Rates 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/endorsements" class="">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/trial-requests" class="">Free Online Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/independent-journals" class="">Independent Journals</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <h4 class="text-md-center">Books</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <img src="/images/studying.svg" alt="e-Books"> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/bybook">By Title</a></li> <li><a href="/browse_by_ebook_subject">By Subject</a></li>   <li><a href="/bybook/series">By Series Books</a></li> <li><a href="/bybook/general">By Text Books</a></li> <li><a href="/bybook/open_access">By Open Access Books</a></li> <li><a href="/bybook/video">By Video Books</a></li> <li><a href="/books-catalog">Books Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/forthcoming/generalebook">Upcoming Books</a></li> <li><a href="/book-trial-requests">EBook Trial</a></li>  </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarCallForPapers" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Publish with us</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarCallForPapers"> <h4 class="text-center">Call for Papers</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <h5 class="border-bottom pb-2">Submission for General Articles</h5> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/browse_by_subject/callforpaper" target="_blank">Submit Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/browse_by_subject/callforpaper" target="_blank">Submit Manuscript</a></li>  <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journalfinder" target="_blank">Journal Finder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <h5 class="border-bottom pb-2">Submit to Thematic Issues</h5> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/call-for-papers" rel="noopener">Submit Manuscript to Thematic Issues</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/browse_by_subject/callforpaper" rel="noopener">Submit Thematic Issue Proposal</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <h5 class="border-bottom pb-2">Call for Conference Speakers</h5> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="https://timbc.net/call-for-papers-and-presentations.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Call for Abstracts</a></li> </ul> <h5 class="border-bottom pb-2 mt-2">Special Open Access APC Discount</h5> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/open-access-discounts/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Learn More</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li>   <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarMarketingOpp" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Marketing Opportunities</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarMarketingOpp"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h4 class="text-md-center">Marketing Opportunities</h4> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li class="lister"><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#advertising" role="button" aria-expanded="false">Advertising<i class="fas fa-angle-right float-right"></i></a> <div class="collapse" id="advertising"> <ul class="submenu-level2"> <li><a href="/advertise-with-us" id="advertisewithus">Advertise with us</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Advertising Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/books-catalog">Books Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/journals-catalog">Journals Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/images/pdf/Media-Pack-2024.pdf" id="mediapack2024" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Media Pack 2024</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="/media-partners">Media Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-All">Partnering Events</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/institutional-members">Member Institutions and Societies</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li class="lister"><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#eventsbyregion" role="button" aria-expanded="false">Events by Year<i class="fas fa-angle-right float-right"></i></a> <div class="collapse" id="eventsbyregion"> <ul class="submenu-level2"> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-2023">2023</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="lister"><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#eventssubject" role="button" aria-expanded="false">Events by Subject Areas<i class="fas fa-angle-right float-right"></i></a> <div class="collapse" id="eventssubject"> <ul class="submenu-level2"> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-bussiness" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Business, Economics and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-EnergyScience" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Energy Science, Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-FoodScience" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Food Science and Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-GeneticsGenomics" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Genetics & Genomics</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Microbiology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-ProteinPeptide" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Protein and Peptide Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-CeramicsGlass" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ceramics, Glass, Composites and Hybrid Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-SurfacesInterfaces" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Surfaces, Interfaces, Thin Films, Corrosion, Coatings</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Anesthesiology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Anesthesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-AntiInfectives" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Anti-Infectives and Infectious Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Biomarkers" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Biomarkers</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Cardiology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Dermatology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-ImmunologyInflammation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Oncology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Ophthalmology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Pediatrics" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pediatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Psychiatry" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-RegenerativeMedicine" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regenerative Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Surgery" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-General" target="_blank" rel="noopener">General</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Neuroscience" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/partnering-events-Pharmacology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pharmacology</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="/pages/exhibit-schedule" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Exhibit Schedule</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/promotional-services" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Promotional Services</a></li> <li><a href="/corporate-sales" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Resources for Corporates</a></li> <li><a href="/kudos" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kudos</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarByDisease" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Articles by Disease </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarByDisease"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h4 class="text-md-center">Articles By Disease </h4> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <p>Bentham is offering subject-based scholarly content collections which are tailored to meet specific research needs. Researchers can access related articles from current and back volumes by purchasing access to these collections. Subscribers will also have access to new articles as soon as they are published and added to these collections. With new articles being added to these collections on a daily basis, the collections serve as an ideal tool to keep researchers updated with new developments in the respective fields. </p> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/alldiseases/295/anti%20inflammatory">Anti Inflammatory</a></li> <li><a href="/alldiseases/258/cardiovascular%20disorders">Cardiovascular Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/alldiseases/281/neurological%20disorders">Neurological Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/alldiseases/283/diabetes">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="/alldiseases/16/oncology">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/alldiseases/622/coronavirus">Coronavirus</a></li> </ul> <a href="/alldiseases" class="btn btn-outline-light ml-4 px-5 mt-2">View All</a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarLibrarians" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">For Librarians</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarLibrarians"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h4 class="text-md-center">For Librarians</h4> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/faq-reprint">FAQs for e-prints/reprints</a></li> <li><a href="/images/pdf/JournalCatalog2024.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal Catalog 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/images/pdf/JournalCatalog2023.pdf" class="" id="JournalCatalog2023" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal Catalog 2023</a></li> <li><a href="https://benthamalerts.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Table of Content Alerts</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/library-recommendation">Library Recommendation </a></li> <li><a href="/trial-requests"> Trial Requests </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/order/reprint"> Order Bulk Reprints </a></li> <li><a href="/order/eprint"> Order Bulk ePrints </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarddAE" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> For Authors & Editors </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarddAE"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h4 class="text-md-center">For Authors & Editors</h4> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/mps/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Manuscript Processing System</a></li> <li><a href="/processing-cycle" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Publication Cycle - Process Flowchart</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/manuscript-transfer-facility" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Manuscript Transfer Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/authorship">Authorship </a></li> <li><a href="/pages/author-benefits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Author Benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/increase-visibility-article">Increase Visibility of Your Article </a></li> <li><a href="/language-editing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copyediting Services</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/general-faqs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">General FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/open-access-plus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Open Access Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/pages/editorial-policies-main" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Editorial Polices</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/rights-permissions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rights & Permissions</a></li> <li><a href="/self-archiving-policies">Archiving Policies </a></li> <li><a href="/pages/publishing-ethics" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Publishing Ethics and Rectitude </a></li> <li><a href="/pages/conflict-of-interest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Conflict of Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/fabricating-stating-false-information" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fabricating and Stating False Information</a></li> <li><a href="/research-misconduct" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Research Misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/editorial-management" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Editorial Management</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/pages/author-guidelines" target="_blank">Guidelines for Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/short-guide" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ethical Guidelines for New Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/guest-editors-guidelines">Guidelines for Guest Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/reviewers-guidelines">Reviewer Guidelines </a></li> <li><a href="/pages/peer-reviews" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Peer Review Workflow</a></li> <li><a href="/webinars">Webinars for Authors, Editors and Reviewers</a></li> <li><a href="/allegations-from-whistleblowers">Allegations from Whistleblowers</a></li> <li><a href="/kudos" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kudos</a></li> <li><a href="https://benthamalerts.com/">Table of Contents Alert </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarddMore" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> More </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarddMore"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/order-subscription">Ordering & Subscription</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/advisory-board">Bentham Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/feedback">Feedback</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="/help">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/author-reprints">Author Reprints </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/indexing-agencies">Abstracting & Indexing Agencies for Journals</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="submenu-level1"> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/press-release">Press Releases </a></li> <li><a href="/ebook-news">Books News </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/indexing-agencies-books">Abstracting & Indexing Agencies for Books</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </header>  <section id="article-banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="side-a" class="col-md-5"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="media"> <a href="/journal/16/current-issue"> <img class="mr-3 img-thumbnail" src="/images/bentham/CCR_0.gif" alt="Generic placeholder image"> </a> <div class="media-body"> <h2 class="pr-lg-3"> Current Cardiology Reviews </h2> <a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-outline-light btn-sm mb-3" role="button" data-toggle="popover" data-html="true" data-trigger="hover" data-content="<p><b>Editor-in-Chief:<br></b></p><p><b>Tong Liu</b><br>Department of Cardiology<br>Tianjin Institute of Cardiology<br>Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University<br>Tianjin<br>China</p>">Editor-in-Chief <i class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i></a> <p>ISSN (Print): 1573-403X <br> ISSN (Online): 1875-6557 </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12 mt-3"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com" class="btn btn-outline-light btn-sm">Back</a> <div class="dropdown d-inline"> <button class="btn btn-light btn-sm dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Journal </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/16">Journal Home</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/journal/16/about-journal">About Journal</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/journal/16/editorial-board">Editorial Board</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="http://www.currentcardiologyreviews.com/" target="_blank">Journal Insight</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/journal/16/current-issue">Current Issue </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/16">Volumes/Issues</a> </div> </div> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/subscribe-to-this-journal/16" class="btn btn-light btn-sm">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="side-b" class="col-md-7"> <span class="badge badge-pill badge-info mb-2">Review Article</span> <h1>Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias</h1> <span class="l-h-3"><strong>Author(s):</strong> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="text-secondary" title="Affiliation" data-html="true" data-toggle="popover" data-placement="bottom" data-trigger="hover" data-content="<ul><li>International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne`s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno,Czech Republic </li></ul>">Filip Soucek*</a> and <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="text-secondary" title="Affiliation" data-html="true" data-toggle="popover" data-placement="bottom" data-trigger="hover" data-content="<ul><li>International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne`s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno,Czech Republic </li></ul>">Zdenek Starek</a> </span> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p>Volume 14, Issue 3, 2018 </p>  <p><strong>Page:</strong> [185 - 191] <span class="float-right"><strong>Pages:</strong> 7 </span></p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608" class="btn-link">10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608</a></p> <p><strong>Price:</strong> $65</a></p> </div> <form method="POST" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/cart" id="addtocartForm"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="param" value="eyJpdiI6InF5QWNiMHJvbE01cHo4SmhHcnd3NHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUzVLNjhPTEpFUStFbHZhdUtHRjhJUT09IiwibWFjIjoiMjQwODAyODI4NjNiZTc1OWQ5MjhiMjViYjBlOTYzODVjNTFjZjU5MDY1MzkwODhkMmIwZTkzMzg0ZjI4OWRjZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9"> <div class="col-md-4 text-right"> <button type="submit" id="addcartbtn" class="btn btn-download hvr-icon-hang">Purchase<br>PDF<br><i class="fas fa-cart-plus hvr-icon"></i></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <main id="article"> <section> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">  <div class="row text-center mb-4 ebm-banners"> <div class="col-md-3 pr-md-0 mb-2 mb-md-0"> <a href="/journal/16/become_ebm_form"><img src="/images/ebm.png" class="img-thumbnail"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-3 pr-md-0 mb-2 mb-md-0"> <a href="/journal/16/become_reviewer_form"><img src="/images/reviewer.png" class="img-thumbnail"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-3 pr-md-0 mb-2 mb-md-0"> <a href="/journal/16/become_editor_form"><img src="/images/editors.png" class="img-thumbnail"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-3 mb-2 mb-md-0"> <a href="/journal/16/become-a-section-editor"><img src="/images/section-editor.png" class="img-thumbnail"></a> </div> </div>  <div id="abstract" class="card bigbox-hvr-slow"> <div class="card-header"> <h5>Abstract</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p class="text-justify"> Background: Arrhythmia management is a complex process involving both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Radiofrequency ablation is the pillar of nonpharmacological arrhythmia treatment. Unipolar ablation is considered to be the gold standard in the treatment of the majority of arrhythmias; however, its efficacy is limited to specific cases. In particular, the creation of deep or transmural lesions to eliminate intramurally originating arrhythmias remains inadequate. Bipolar ablation is proposed as an alternative to overcome unipolar ablation boundaries. </P><P> Results: Despite promising results gained from in vitro and animal studies showing that bipolar ablation is superior in creating transmural lesions, the use of bipolar ablation in daily clinical practice is limited. Several studies have been published showing that bipolar ablation is effective in the treatment of clinical arrhythmias after failed unipolar ablation, however, there is inconsistency regarding the safety of bipolar ablation within the available research papers. According to research evidence, the most common indications for bipolar ablation use are ventricular originating rhythmic disorders in patients with structural heart disease resistant to standard radiofrequency ablation. </P><P> Conclusion: To allow wider clinical application the efficiency and safety of bipolar ablation need to be verified in future studies. </p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong> <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue=Bipolar radiofrequency ablation">Bipolar radiofrequency ablation</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= arrhythmias"> arrhythmias</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= efficacy"> efficacy</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= safety"> safety</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= heart disease"> heart disease</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= radiofrequency ablation."> radiofrequency ablation.</a> </p> </div> </div> <div id="abstract" class="card bigbox-hvr-slow mt-4"> <div class="card-header"> <h5>Graphical Abstract</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p class="text-center"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Click to enlarge"><img src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/images/graphical-abstract/ccr/14/3/005.jpg" data-high-res-src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/images/graphical-abstract/ccr/14/3/big-005.jpg" alt="" class="gallery-items img-thumbnail"> </a> <p> </div> </div> <br>  <div class="row mx-0"> <div class="col-lg-auto download-bar text-sm-center p-2 mr-md-3 bg-siteblue rounded"> <div class="btn-group"> <form id="markItemForm" method="POST" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/marklist"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="param" value="eyJpdiI6InN0SStoZktmVDRNWHlWNUZQaEhBZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2lpVTdITlFoOHkyNWZqRXdDMUZ0dz09IiwibWFjIjoiZjE0ZTNhNWRlMzM5MTFlYjczMTA4M2M0MWVhYWI1NTFhZGVjYzc4Y2M2MTRkNzJhMTA1MmY3YjA3YzczMWUxZSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9"> <input type="hidden" name="itemtype" value="1"> <button type="submit" id="markitembtn" class="btn btn-light bg-white btn-sm">Mark Item</button> </form> </div> <div class="btn-group"> <form id="addtocartForm" method="POST" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/cart"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="param" value="eyJpdiI6IktLQmNyR083Yk1pREtLNThOTXNrYUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMVlyZTBkRGY1MmYwUU5LaVU5eDVRUT09IiwibWFjIjoiYmM5YTNmNGY3OWE3NzJmN2M4OTYwZTMyMzdhY2U1OTYzYzFkZWExZjAwZmJjMmMyYWJhZGFjNGVkMDBhYWRjOSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9"> <button type="submit" id="addcartbtn" class="btn btn-light bg-white btn-sm">Purchase PDF</button> </form> </div> <a class="btn btn-light bg-white btn-sm" href="javascript:void(0);" id="RightsLinkPopUp">Rights & Permissions</a> <a class="btn btn-light bg-white btn-sm" href="javascript:void(0);" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#PrintWindow">Print</a> <a class="btn btn-light bg-white btn-sm" href="javascript:void(0);" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ExportWindow">Cite</a>  </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="PrintWindow" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title" id="modalLabelprimary">Current Cardiology Reviews</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body "> <p><strong>Title:</strong>Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias</p> <p><strong>Volume:</strong> 14 <strong>Issue:</strong> 3 </p> <p><strong>Author(s): </strong>Filip Soucek*Zdenek Starek</p> <p><strong>Affiliation: </strong><ul><li>International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne`s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno,Czech Republic </li></ul><ul></ul></p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue=Bipolar radiofrequency ablation">Bipolar radiofrequency ablation</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= arrhythmias"> arrhythmias</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= efficacy"> efficacy</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= safety"> safety</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= heart disease"> heart disease</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= radiofrequency ablation."> radiofrequency ablation.</a> </p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Background: Arrhythmia management is a complex process involving both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Radiofrequency ablation is the pillar of nonpharmacological arrhythmia treatment. Unipolar ablation is considered to be the gold standard in the treatment of the majority of arrhythmias; however, its efficacy is limited to specific cases. In particular, the creation of deep or transmural lesions to eliminate intramurally originating arrhythmias remains inadequate. Bipolar ablation is proposed as an alternative to overcome unipolar ablation boundaries. </P><P> Results: Despite promising results gained from in vitro and animal studies showing that bipolar ablation is superior in creating transmural lesions, the use of bipolar ablation in daily clinical practice is limited. Several studies have been published showing that bipolar ablation is effective in the treatment of clinical arrhythmias after failed unipolar ablation, however, there is inconsistency regarding the safety of bipolar ablation within the available research papers. According to research evidence, the most common indications for bipolar ablation use are ventricular originating rhythmic disorders in patients with structural heart disease resistant to standard radiofrequency ablation. </P><P> Conclusion: To allow wider clinical application the efficiency and safety of bipolar ablation need to be verified in future studies.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary" data-dismiss="modal" onclick="SendForPrint()">Print this page</button> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="modal fade" id="ExportWindow" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Export Options</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <form method="post" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/citation" enctype="multipart/form-data" accept-charset="UTF-8" id="export-citation-form"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb"> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="90652"> <div class="form-group"> <label><strong>Export File:</strong> </label> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-export-file-ris-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-export-file-ris" name="export_file" value="ris" checked="checked" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-export-file-ris"> RIS (for EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite)</label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-export-file-bibtex-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-export-file-bibtex" name="export_file" value="bibtex" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-export-file-bibtex"> BibTeX</label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-export-file-text-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-export-file-text" name="export_file" value="text" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-export-file-text"> Text</label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label><strong>Content:</strong> </label> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-content-citation-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-content-citation" name="content" value="citation" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-content-citation"> Citation Only</label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-content-citation-abstract-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-content-citation-abstract" name="content" value="citation_abstract" checked="checked" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-content-citation-abstract"> Citation and Abstract</label> </div> <input type="submit" name="op" id="edit-export" value="Export" onclick="javascript:return checkradio()" class="btn btn-outline-primary float-right"> <input type="hidden" name="export_file_hidden" id="edit-export-file-hidden" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="content_hidden" id="edit-content-hidden" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" id="form-278487bec247e2f69b37fa03b10b8556" value="form-278487bec247e2f69b37fa03b10b8556"> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" id="edit-export-citation-form" value="export_citation_form"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="modal fade" id="CiteWindow" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">About this article</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> <div class="modal-body "> <p><strong>Cite this article as:</strong></p> <p> Soucek Filip *, Starek Zdenek, Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias, Current Cardiology Reviews 2018; 14 (3) . <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608">https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608</a> </p> <table class="table"> <tr> <td><b>DOI</b><br><a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608">https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608</a></td> <td><b>Print ISSN</b><br>1573-403X</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Publisher Name</b><br>Bentham Science Publisher</td> <td><b>Online ISSN</b><br>1875-6557</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="/journal/16/about-journal" target="_blank">About this journal</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col pl-md-0 mt-xs-2 pt-md-2"> <span class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-left st-inline-share-buttons st-animated" data-url="https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/90652" data-title="Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias"></span> </div>   </div> <div class="row mt-4 mb-4 mb-md-0 d-none d-md-block" id="related"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3>Call for Papers in Thematic Issues</h3> <div class="row" id="reco-article"> <div class="col-md-6 m-0 mt-0 mb-2"> <div class="card shadow h-100 m-1"> <div class="card-header bg-white pb-1"> <label class="mr-2"><b>Submission closes on :</b></label> <span class="text-black"> 31 December, 2025 </span> </div> <div class="card-body py-2"> <a class="m-0 p-0" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/call-for-papers-detail/6699/specialissue"> <h5 class="m-0 p-0">Advances in Managing Cardiogenic Shock and the Value of Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support.</h5> </a> <p class="text-black-50 mt-2 mb-0">Despite the advances in cardiology, the outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock remain poor. There is an increasing interest and use of mechanical circulatory support for patients with cardiogenic shock. Additionally, the complexity of coronary interventions has increased during the last decade with the potential of treating more high-risk patients ...<a href="/call-for-papers-detail/6699/specialissue">read more </a></p><br> </div> <div class="card-footer bg-white"> <strong> Guest Editor(s):</strong> <span>Dr. Michail I. Papafaklis</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 m-0 mt-0 mb-2"> <div class="card shadow h-100 m-1"> <div class="card-header bg-white pb-1"> <label class="mr-2"><b>Submission closes on :</b></label> <span class="text-black"> 31 December, 2025 </span> </div> <div class="card-body py-2"> <a class="m-0 p-0" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/call-for-papers-detail/6217/specialissue"> <h5 class="m-0 p-0">Chronic Disease Self-Management for Heart Failure – A Mini review into Performance Gaps</h5> </a> <p class="text-black-50 mt-2 mb-0">Chronic disease self-management (CDSM)is a vital component of chronic disease management. There remain several important deficits in this concept. Its benefit are clear, many chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, rheumatology syndromes have shown benefit in quality of life and quantitative measures of outcomes. Yet, in congestive heart failure ...<a href="/call-for-papers-detail/6217/specialissue">read more </a></p><br> </div> <div class="card-footer bg-white"> <strong> Guest Editor(s):</strong> <span>Dr. Bhawna Gupta</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 m-0 mt-0 mb-2"> <div class="card shadow h-100 m-1"> <div class="card-header bg-white pb-1"> <label class="mr-2"><b>Submission closes on :</b></label> <span class="text-black"> 31 December, 2025 </span> </div> <div class="card-body py-2"> <a class="m-0 p-0" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/call-for-papers-detail/6232/specialissue"> <h5 class="m-0 p-0">The era of cardiac medication and implantable devices therapy in heart failure treatment continues</h5> </a> <p class="text-black-50 mt-2 mb-0">The heart failure (HF) remains a serious public health problem and affects 64 million people worldwide. Although advances in medical therapy and device assistance have significantly improved HF outcomes, the implications of HF are still dramatic. In recent years, innovative developments have been made in HF treatment management, based on ...<a href="/call-for-papers-detail/6232/specialissue">read more </a></p><br> </div> <div class="card-footer bg-white"> <strong> Guest Editor(s):</strong> <span> Dr. Tariel Atabekov</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12">  <div class="card mt-4"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Related Journals</h5> <div id="related_journal" class="carousel carousel-by-item slide" data-ride="carousel"> <div class="carousel-inner text-center"> <div class="carousel-item active "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/20"> <img width="160" height="211" src="/images/bentham/CHAMC_0.gif" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry</p> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/21"> <img width="160" height="211" src="/images/bentham/CHYR_0.preview.gif" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Current Hypertension Reviews</p> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/22"> <img width="160" height="211" src="/images/bentham/CHDDT_0.gif" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets</p> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/40"> <img width="160" height="211" src="/images/bentham/CVP-2020.jpg" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Current Vascular Pharmacology</p> </div> </div> </div> <a class="carousel-control-prev text-dark" href="#related_journal" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a class="carousel-control-next text-dark" href="#related_journal" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer text-muted bg-white"> <div class="mx-auto text-center"><a href="/journal/16/related-journal" class="btn btn-sm btn-link text-muted">View More <i class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12">  <div class="card mt-4"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Related Books</h5> <div id="related_ebook" class="carousel carousel-by-item slide" data-ride="carousel"> <div class="carousel-inner text-center"> <div class="carousel-item active "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/ebook_volume/3541"> <img width="160" height="211" alt="" src="/images/bentham/9789815165012.jpg" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Blood Oxidant Ties: The Evolving Concepts in Myocardial Injury and Cardiovascular Disease</p>  </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/ebook_volume/3421"> <img width="160" height="211" alt="" src="/images/bentham/9789815050837.jpg" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Advancements in Cardiovascular Research and Therapeutics: Molecular and Nutraceutical Perspectives</p>  </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/ebook_volume/3123"> <img width="160" height="211" alt="" src="/images/bentham/9781681089225.jpg" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Herbal Medicine: Back to the Future</p>  </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/ebook_volume/3103"> <img width="160" height="211" alt="" src="/images/bentham/9781681088204.jpg" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Cardiac Care and COVID-19: Perspectives in Medical Practice</p>  </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/ebook_volume/3091"> <img width="160" height="211" alt="" src="/images/bentham/9789814998215.jpg" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Nanomedicinal Approaches Towards Cardiovascular Disease</p>  </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-2 col"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/ebook_volume/2853"> <img width="160" height="211" alt="" src="/images/bentham/9789811458712.jpg" class="img-fluid"/> </a> <p class="lead">Herbal Medicine: Back to the Future</p>  </div> </div> </div> <a class="carousel-control-prev text-dark" href="#related_ebook" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a class="carousel-control-next text-dark" href="#related_ebook" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer text-muted bg-white"> <div class="mx-auto text-center"><a href="/journal/16/related-ebooks" class="btn btn-sm btn-link text-muted">View More <i class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 ji-links"> <div class="metrics d-flex flex-nowrap bigbox-hvr-slow border-bottom-0"> <div class="caption align-bottom">Article Metrics</div> <div><img src="/images/pdf.svg" alt=""> <span>54</span></div> <div><img src="/images/html.svg" alt=""> <span>4</span></div> </div>  <div class="mb-4 mt-3 px-2 rounded-0 rounded-bottom"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-hide-zero-citations="true" data-doi="10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608" data-legend="always" data-style="small_circle"></span> <script async src="https://badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div> <img id="wayfinder-img" src="/images/wayfinder.jpg" class="img-fluid mb-3" alt="Wayfinder Image" style="cursor: pointer;"> <div class="accordion mb-4" id="journal-rightmenu"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header" id="ji"> <a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#btn-ji" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="btn-ji"> <strong>Journal Information</strong> <i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down float-right"></i> </a> </div> <div id="btn-ji" class="collapse show" aria-labelledby="ji" data-parent="#accordionExample"> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush d-inline"> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><a href="/journal/16/about-journal"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> About Journal</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/editorial-board"> Editorial Board</a></li>  <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/current-issue"> Current Issue </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/16"> Volumes /Issues </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="card mt-3"> <div class="card-header" id="ep"> <a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#btn-ep" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="btn-ep"> <strong>For Authors </strong> <i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down float-right"></i> </a> </div> <div id="btn-ep" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="ep" data-parent="#accordionExample"> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush d-inline"> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/ifa"> Author Guidelines </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/pages/graphical-abstracts"> Graphical Abstracts </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/fabricating-stating-false-information"> Fabricating and Stating False Information</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/research-misconduct"> Research Misconduct</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/pages/post-publication"> Post Publication Discussions and Corrections</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/publishing-ethics"> Publishing Ethics and Rectitude</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/increase-visibility-article"> Increase Visibility of Your Article </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/self-archiving-policies"> Archiving Policies </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/peer-review-workflow"> Peer Review Workflow </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/track/4"> Order Your Article Before Print </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/how-maximize-visibility-published-articles"> Promote Your Article</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/manuscript-transfer-facility"> Manuscript Transfer Facility</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/editorial-policy"> Editorial Policies </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/allegations-from-whistleblowers"> Allegations from Whistleblowers</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/journal-announcements"> Announcements </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "> <form action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/call-for-papers" method="POST"><input type="hidden" name="_token" value="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb" autocomplete="off"><input type="hidden" name="search_journals[]" value="CCR"> <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> <button type="submit" class="btn text-dark p-0 m-0" style="font-size:14px;"> Forthcoming Thematic Issues </button> </form> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="card mt-3"> <div class="card-header" id="fe"> <a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#btn-fe" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="btn-fe"> <strong>For Editors </strong> <i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down float-right"></i> </a> </div> <div id="btn-fe" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="fe" data-parent="#accordionExample"> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush d-inline"> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/guest-editor-guidelines"> Guest Editor Guidelines </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><a href="/pages/editorial-management" target="_blank"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> Editorial Management</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/fabricating-stating-false-information"> Fabricating and Stating False Information</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/publishing-ethics"> Publishing Ethics and Rectitude</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><a href="/pages/short-guide" target="_blank"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> Ethical Guidelines for New Editors</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/peer-review-workflow"> Peer Review Workflow </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="card mt-3"> <div class="card-header" id="fr"> <a class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#btn-fr" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="btn-fr"> <strong>For Reviewers </strong> <i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down float-right"></i> </a> </div> <div id="btn-fr" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="fr" data-parent="#accordionExample"> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush d-inline"> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/guideline-for-reviewers"> Reviewer Guidelines </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/peer-review-workflow"> Peer Review Workflow </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/fabricating-stating-false-information"> Fabricating and Stating False Information</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/publishing-ethics"> Publishing Ethics and Rectitude</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="card mt-3"> <div class="card-header" id="ea"> <a class="btn btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#btn-ea" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="btn-ea"> <strong>Explore Articles</strong> <i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down float-right"></i> </a> </div> <div id="btn-ea" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="ea" data-parent="#accordionExample"> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush d-inline"> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> <a href="/journal/16/track/4"> Abstract Ahead of Print <span class="px-2 rounded-pill bg-secondary text-white ml-2">0</span></a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> <a href="/journal/16/track/1"> Early View <span class="px-2 rounded-pill bg-secondary text-white ml-2">8</span> </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/free-copies-online"> Free Online Copy</a> </li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/most-cited-articles"> Most Cited Articles </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/most-accessed-articles"> Most Accessed Articles </a></li>   <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/editors-choice"> Editor's Choice </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/thematic-issue"> Thematic Issues </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="card mt-3"> <div class="card-header" id="oa"> <a class="btn btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#btn-oa" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="btn-oa"> <strong>Open Access</strong> <i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down float-right"></i> </a> </div> <div id="btn-oa" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="oa" data-parent="#accordionExample"> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush d-inline"> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a href="/journal/16/open-access-articles"> Open Access Articles </a></li>  </ul> </div> </div> <div class="card mt-3"> <div class="card-header" id="fv"> <a class="btn btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#btn-fv" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="btn-fv"> <strong>For Visitors</strong> <i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down float-right"></i> </a> </div> <div id="btn-fv" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="fv" data-parent="#accordionExample"> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush d-inline"> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><a href="/journal/16/library-recommendation"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> Library Recommendation</a> </li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><a href="/journal/16/trial-requests"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> Trial Requests </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><a href="/journal/16/advertise-with-us"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> Advertise with Us </a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left "><a href="/journal/16/executive-guest-editor" target="_blank"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> Meet the Executive Guest Editor(s)</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><a href="/pages/brand-ambassador" target="_blank"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> Brand Ambassador</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><a href="/author-comments" target="_blank"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i>Author's Comment & Reviews</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><a href="/pages/new-journals-2023" target="_blank"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> New Journals 2023</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><a href="/pages/new-journals-2024" target="_blank"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> New Journals 2024</a></li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/alert-subscription">Alert Subscription</a> </li> <li class="list-group-item hvr-sweep-to-left"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> <a href="http://benthamalerts.com/" target="_blank">TOC Alert</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { var param = 'eyJpdiI6ImhmQmliUzFrdGEvYXowWkZqc2V2d2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGI4MGV0RnZRVHJLR2tUVFJmRmhOQy85T0JmTjRVQytqTXlRL255ZC95bz0iLCJtYWMiOiIzODE3MmI1NjY5ZDJhZjdmYzRkNjhiYWFmNGVjMWY1NTg4MmQ0YTI0ZTJhOWNlODA1MDkyM2UzM2Q3NDE3Y2Y3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0='; var url = '/wayfinder/' + encodeURIComponent(param); var img = document.getElementById('wayfinder-img'); img.addEventListener('click', function() { handleImageClick(url); }); function handleImageClick(href) { window.location.href = href; } }); </script>  <div id="related-articles" class="card bigbox-hvr-slow mt-4"> <div class="card-header bg-siteblue text-white"> <h5 class="m-0">Related Articles</h5> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush fancy-scroll smart-box"> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/145332/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine<br> <small><em>Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/100881/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Serum Collagen Markers and Heart Failure<br> <small><em>Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/72602/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Editorial [Hot Topic: Natural Products for the Healthy Heart (Guest Editor : Dipak K. Das)]<br> <small><em>Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/66212/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Metabolomics<br> <small><em>Current Drug Metabolism</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/85407/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Kidney Disease<br> <small><em>Current Vascular Pharmacology</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/63921/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Gene Therapy for Arthritis<br> <small><em>Current Drug Targets</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/104202/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Current Hot Potatoes in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation<br> <small><em>Current Cardiology Reviews</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/75119/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Modulation and Absorption of Xenobiotics: The Synergistic Role of CYP450 and P-gp Activities in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Disorders<br> <small><em>Current Drug Metabolism</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/66090/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Oxidative Stress as a Regulator of Murine Atherosclerosis<br> <small><em>Current Drug Targets</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/93088/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Host Molecular Defense Mechanisms Against Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Genetic Studies of Immune-Response-Related Genes in Asthma<br> <small><em>Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/142230/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Phytocannabinoids and Cannabimimetic Drugs: Recent Patents in Central Nervous System Disorders<br> <small><em>Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued)</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/60279/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes<br> <small><em>Current Diabetes Reviews</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/137123/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">An Overview on Fibroblast Growth Factors: Structural, Functional and Therapeutic Implications<br> <small><em>Current Proteomics</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/103944/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Treatment of Carotid Stenosis<br> <small><em>Current Vascular Pharmacology</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/101355/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Relaxin, Insulin and Diabetes: An Intriguing Connection<br> <small><em>Current Diabetes Reviews</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/122755/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">The Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair and Disease Modification<br> <small><em>Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/97197/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Old Wine in a New Bottle: The Warburg Effect and Anticancer Mechanisms of Resveratrol <br> <small><em>Current Pharmaceutical Design</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/161472/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action">Menopause Does Not Affect Fatty Liver Severity In Women: A Population Study in a Mediterranean Area<br> <small><em>Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/85539/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Non-Pharmacologic Treatment Options in Rheumatologic Disease<br> <small><em>Current Rheumatology Reviews</em></small></a> <a href="http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/77296/4" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action"> Mediterranean Diet and Longevity<br> <small><em>Current Nutrition & Food Science</em></small></a> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div style="text-align:left;" class="modal fade" id="TnCModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="TnCModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg"> <div class="modal-content"> </div>  </div>  </div>  <form method="POST" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/download_file" id="download-form-pdf-e"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="XGo4fOc2FfDMKlhZJkhnl12ZeAtiWopSdLipIRhb" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="agree-flag" id="agree-flag" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="param" value="eyJpdiI6IkhlYm9nQ3pNMUxsYURvTE9KV1d3VFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicjNDZitTWEoxcXRFbzNBMEhhYVVQb0R3T2VoU2llSUpNOHNLQ05UVUIrdz0iLCJtYWMiOiI4Y2ZkZDRmOGZlZjljNDZlZGFhZWRiZWZlOGE5MGE1NGVmNmMwNGU1NTM4N2VkMzQ5OTJjNTg5NTA1NzRjNzZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0="> <div class="modal fade" id='download_hide_90652' tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class='modal-header bg-primary'> <h4 class="modal-title text-white" id="modalLabelprimary">Restricted Access Panel</h4> <button type='button' class='close' data-dismiss='modal' aria-label='Close'><span aria-hidden='true'>×</span></button> </div> <div class='modal-body'> <label class="control-label">Content Access Key</label> <input type="text" name="user_name" class="form-control"> <label class="control-label">Password</label> <input type="password" name="password" class="form-control"> </div>  <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="javascript: $('#download_hide_90652').modal('hide');"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle"></span> Login to Download</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle"></span> Close</button> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> </form> <input type="hidden" name="license_downloadid" id="license_downloadid" value="0"> </section> </main> </div> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 text-center"> <img alt="Bentham Science Publishers" class="wow fadeInDown footer-c-logo" src="/images/logo.webp"> <div class="col-12 social-icons"> <a class="wow bounceInUp hvr-float-shadow" data-wow-delay=".1s" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/benthamscience" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="eurekaselect linkedin link"> <i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"> </i> </a> <a class="wow bounceInUp hvr-float-shadow" data-wow-delay=".2s" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/benthamsciencepublisher" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="eurekaselect youtube link"> <i class="fab fa-youtube"> </i> </a> <a class="wow bounceInUp hvr-float-shadow" data-wow-delay=".3s" href="https://twitter.com/BenthamScienceP" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="eurekaselect twitter link"> <i class="fab fa-x-twitter"> </i> </a> <a class="wow bounceInUp hvr-float-shadow" data-wow-delay=".4s" href="https://www.facebook.com/BenthamSciencePublishers" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="eurekaselect facebook link"> <i class="fab fa-facebook-f"> </i> </a> <a class="wow bounceInUp hvr-float-shadow" data-wow-delay=".5s" href="https://benthamsciencepublishers.wordpress.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="eurekaselect wordpress link"> <i class="fab fa-wordpress-simple"> </i> </a> <a class="wow bounceInUp kudos hvr-float-shadow" data-wow-delay=".6s" href="/kudos" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="eurekaselect kudos link">   </a> </div> </img> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="row quicklinks pt-4"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-12 pt-lg-5"> <h4 class="align-middle wow fadeInUp"> Quick Links </h4> </div> <div class="col-lg-12 col-xl-9 col-md-12 bracket"><span class="align-middle wow fadeInRight"><a href="/bypublication">Journals </a> | <a href="/bybook"> Books </a> | <a href="https://bentham.manuscriptpoint.com "> Submit Articles </a>  | <a href="http://benthamalerts.com/"> Alerting Services </a> | <a href="/open-access-plus"> Open Access Plus (Gold Open Access) </a> | <a href="/pages/funding-agencies">Funding Agencies</a> | <a href="/endorsements">Endorsements</a> | <a href="/author-comments"> Author's Comments & Reviews </a> | <a href="https://benthamnewsletter.com/index.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Newsletters </a> | <a href="/press-release"> Press Release </a> | <a href="/terms-and-conditions"> Terms and Conditions</a> </span> </div> <div class="col-md-12 text-center text-md-right mt-2 mt-md-0"> <a href="https://registry.projectcounter.org/platform/1dfece8a-433e-4a48-8764-55cd7adc7799" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Counter certification"><img class="wow fadeInDown footer-logo" src="/images/counter-logo.webp" alt="counter logo"><span class="sr-only sr-only-focusable">Counter logo</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="bg-light py-2 px-0"> <div class="container text-center text-md-right"> <a href="/terms-and-conditions">© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers</a> | <a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <script src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/plugins/wow-animate/wow.min.js"> </script> <script> new WOW().init(); // Below | login popup | Unable to close on click jQuery('#login-wig.dropdown-toggle').on('click', function (e) { if (!$(e.target).closest('#login-wig.dropdown-toggle').length) { $('#login-wig.dropdown-toggle').next().toggle(); } }); jQuery('.dropdown-menu.login-pop').on('click', function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); }); if(1) { $('body').attr('tabindex', '0'); } else { alertify.confirm().set({'reverseButtons': true}); alertify.prompt().set({'reverseButtons': true}); } </script>  <script src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/popper.min.js"> </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ws.sharethis.com/button/buttons.js"></script> <script> // share on social network link stLight.options({ publisher:"8af06b8c-6cba-4392-83f5-826bd4873e9b", popup: true, servicePopup: true //shorten:false }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if(window.outerWidth > 800) { $(".dropdown-toggle").on("mouseenter", function () { // make sure it is not shown: if (!$(this).parent().hasClass("show")) { $(this).click(); } }); $(".dropdown").on("mouseleave", function () { // make sure it is shown: if ($(this).hasClass("show")){ $(this).children('.dropdown-toggle').first().click(); //$(this).children('.dropdown-toggle').class(':not(:hover)'); } }); }; $(function () { $('[data-toggle*="offcanvas"]').on('click', function () { $('.offcanvas-collapse').toggleClass('open') }) }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $('#refresh-captcha').click(function () { $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: '/customecaptcha/refresh', success: function (data) { $(".captcha span").html(data.captcha); } }); }); </script> <script> // Sticky Header window.onscroll = function() {myFunction()}; var headeer = document.getElementById("fixed-header"); var sticky = headeer.offsetTop; function myFunction() { if (window.pageYOffset > sticky) { headeer.classList.add("fixed-top"); $("#sticky-menu").addClass("sticky-top"); } else { headeer.classList.remove("fixed-top"); $("#sticky-menu").removeClass("sticky-top"); } } </script>  <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-33930356-3', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $("#RightsLinkPopUp").click(function() { var url = "http://www.copyright.com/openurl"; var location = url + "?issn=" + encodeURI('1573403X') + "&contentIdType=" + encodeURI('doi') + "&contentID=" + encodeURI('10.2174/1573403X14666180524100608') PopUp = window.open(location, 'Copyright', 'location=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=650,height=550'); }); function SendForPrint() { var printContents = document.getElementById("PrintWindow").innerHTML; var originalContents = document.body.innerHTML; //parent content document.body.innerHTML = printContents; window.print(); document.body.innerHTML = originalContents; document.getElementById("PrintWindow").style.display = "none"; window.location.reload(); } function checkradio() { export_file_hidden = document.getElementById("edit-export-file-hidden"); content_hidden = document.getElementById("edit-content-hidden"); var x = document.getElementsByName("export_file"); for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) // buztype is the name of the radio buttons which is an array; ie buztype[0].value is 1, buztype[1].value is 2, buztype[2].value is 3 based on what you have above. { if (x[i].checked) { var exportfile = x[i].value; } } export_file_hidden.value = exportfile; var y = document.getElementsByName("content"); for (var j = 0; j < y.length; j++) // buztype is the name of the radio buttons which is an array; ie buztype[0].value is 1, buztype[1].value is 2, buztype[2].value is 3 based on what you have above. { if (y[j].checked) { var content = y[j].value; } } content_hidden.value = content; } $(function() { var viewer = ImageViewer(); $('.gallery-items').click(function() { var imgSrc = this.src, highResolutionImage = $(this).data('high-res-src'); viewer.show(imgSrc, highResolutionImage); }); $('.alert[data-auto-dismiss]').each(function(index, element) { var $element = $(element), timeout = $element.data('auto-dismiss') || 5000; setTimeout(function() { $element.alert('close'); }, timeout); }); }); function CheckLicense(id) { $('#license_downloadid').val(id); var array = id.split('_'); var file_type = ''; if (array[0] != "readpdf") { id = id; } else { id = array[1]; file_type = "readpdf"; } if ($("#agree-flag").val() == "" || $("#agree-flag").val() != "Y") { var target = $("#license").attr("href"); $("#TnCModal .modal-content").load(target + '/article/' + file_type, function() { $("#TnCModal").modal("show"); }); return false; } } function LoginToDownload(id) { $("#" + id).modal("show"); return false; } </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('[data-toggle="popover"]').popover({ delay: { "show": 100, "hide": 1500 } }); }) </script> <script> function GetUnique(e) { var l = [], s = temp_c = [], t = ["col-md-1", "col-md-2", "col-md-3", "col-md-4", "col-md-6", "col-md-12", "col-sm-1", "col-sm-2", "col-sm-3", "col-sm-4", "col-sm-6", "col-sm-12", "col-lg-1", "col-lg-2", "col-lg-3", "col-lg-4", "col-lg-6", "col-lg-12", "col-xs-1", "col-xs-2", "col-xs-3", "col-xs-4", "col-xs-6", "col-xs-12", "col-xl-1", "col-xl-2", "col-xl-3", "col-xl-4", "col-xl-6", "col-xl-12"]; $(e).each(function() { for (var l = $(e + " > div").attr("class").split(/\s+/), t = 0; t < l.length; t++) s.push(l[t]) }); for (var c = 0; c < s.length; c++) temp_c = s[c].split("-"), 2 == temp_c.length && (temp_c.push(""), temp_c[2] = temp_c[1], temp_c[1] = "xs", s[c] = temp_c.join("-")), -1 == $.inArray(s[c], l) && $.inArray(s[c], t) && l.push(s[c]); return l } function setcss(e, l, s) { for (var t = ["", "", "", "", "", ""], c = d = f = g = 0, r = [1200, 992, 768, 567, 0], o = [], a = 0; a < e.length; a++) { var i = e[a].split("-"); if (3 == i.length) { switch (i[1]) { case "xl": d = 0; break; case "lg": d = 1; break; case "md": d = 2; break; case "sm": d = 3; break; case "xs": d = 4 } t[d] = i[2] } } for (var n = 0; n < t.length; n++) if ("" !== t[n]) { if (0 === c && (c = 12 / t[n]), f = 12 / t[n], g = 100 / f, a = s + " > .carousel-item.active.carousel-item-right," + s + " > .carousel-item.carousel-item-next {-webkit-transform: translate3d(" + g + "%, 0, 0);transform: translate3d(" + g + ", 0, 0);left: 0;}" + s + " > .carousel-item.active.carousel-item-left," + s + " > .carousel-item.carousel-item-prev {-webkit-transform: translate3d(-" + g + "%, 0, 0);transform: translate3d(-" + g + "%, 0, 0);left: 0;}" + s + " > .carousel-item.carousel-item-left, " + s + " > .carousel-item.carousel-item-prev.carousel-item-right, " + s + " > .carousel-item.active {-webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);left: 0;}", f > 1) { for (k = 0; k < f - 1; k++) o.push(l + " .cloneditem-" + k); o.length && (a = a + o.join(",") + "{display: block;}"), o = [] } 0 !== r[n] && (a = "@media all and (min-width: " + r[n] + "px) {" + a + "}"), $("#slider-css").prepend(a) } $(l).each(function() { for (var e = $(this), l = 0; l < c - 1; l++)(e = e.next()).length || (e = $(this).siblings(":first")), e.children(":first-child").clone().addClass("cloneditem-" + l).appendTo($(this)) }) } //Use Different Slider IDs for multiple slider $(document).ready(function() { var item = '#related_journal .carousel-item'; var item_inner = "#related_journal .carousel-inner"; classes = GetUnique(item); setcss(classes, item, item_inner); var item = '#related_ebook .carousel-item'; var item_inner = "#related_ebook .carousel-inner"; classes = GetUnique(item); setcss(classes, item, item_inner); }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Use of Bipolar Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias | Bentham Science