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lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American lyric poet, see <a href="/wiki/Sara_Teasdale" title="Sara Teasdale">Sara Teasdale</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Sarah Caroline Tisdall</b> (born 1960 in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) is a former <a href="/wiki/Foreign_%26_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign & Commonwealth Office">Foreign & Commonwealth Office</a> (FCO) clerical officer who was jailed for leaking <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a> documents to a newspaper in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sarah Caroline Tisdall</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1960 (age 63–64)<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, England, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Clerical officer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Leaking government documents</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charges</th><td class="infobox-data">Section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1983, the UK government agreed to base nuclear armed <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missiles">cruise missiles</a> in the UK. The decision was controversial and defence minister <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> wanted to keep the missiles' arrival date a secret to minimise potential demonstrations. Tisdall anonymously sent <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> photocopied documents detailing when the missiles would be arriving in Britain. The documents set out the political tactics Heseltine would use to present the matter in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Government brought a legal action against <i>The Guardian</i>, seeking an order requiring the newspaper to reveal its source. Although <i>The Guardian</i> successfully argued that it was protected by section 10 of the <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">Contempt of Court Act 1981</a> from providing the information, the decision by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Scott,_Baron_Scott_of_Foscote" title="Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote">Mr Justice Scott</a> was almost immediately overturned.<sup id="cite_ref-Preston_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preston-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appeal by the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General">Attorney General</a> was on the grounds that although the documents themselves were harmless, a civil servant capable of leaking them might leak other documents which could pose a threat to national security. </p><p>The editor of the Guardian, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Preston" title="Peter Preston">Peter Preston</a>, was prepared to defy the court order and go to prison, but was advised that it was more likely that a fine would be imposed on the newspaper, increasing as long as refusal persisted. This could potentially bankrupt the paper. Defying the order would also violate the <i>Guardian'</i>s policy that the law should be obeyed. A meeting of <i>Guardian</i> journalists was held, in a mood that was, according to <a href="/wiki/David_McKie" title="David McKie">David McKie</a>, deputy editor at the time, troubled but sympathetic rather than outraged.<sup id="cite_ref-mckie_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mckie-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the meeting Preston complied with the court order to hand over the documents—which he described as the worst day of his 20-year editorship—and immediately submitted his resignation, which was not accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-mckie_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mckie-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documents were identified as coming from an FCO photocopying machine, which led to Tisdall. In March 1984, Tisdall pleaded guilty to a charge under section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Official_Secrets_Act_1911" title="Official Secrets Act 1911">Official Secrets Act 1911</a>. She was sentenced to six months in prison, and released after four months.<sup id="cite_ref-West_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legality of the Order (compelling <i>The Guardian</i> to surrender the documents, and thus reveal their source) was upheld in a decision of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_functions_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Judicial functions of the House of Lords">House of Lords</a> (<i>Secretary of State for Defence v. Guardian Newspapers Ltd.</i> [1985] AC 339) by a majority of three against two. </p><p>As of 2005, Tisdall worked for an ethical property company developing accommodation for <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable organisation">charitable organisations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Community_organizing" title="Community organizing">community groups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenslade_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenslade-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Tisdall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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href="/wiki/Thomas_Tamm" title="Thomas Tamm">Thomas Tamm</a> leaked information about the American <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_protection" title="Source protection">Source protection</a> – information about laws protecting journalists from being compelled to reveal the identity of an anonymous source.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_source_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalism source protection">Journalism source protection</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Tisdall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1984/apr/12/sarah-tisdall">"Sarah Tisdall (Hansard, 12 April 1984) Parliamentary Question by Tam Dalyell MP"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. 12 April 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060559/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1984/apr/12/sarah-tisdall">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.atitle=Sarah+Tisdall+%28Hansard%2C+12+April+1984%29+Parliamentary+Question+by+Tam+Dalyell+MP&rft.date=1984-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1984%2Fapr%2F12%2Fsarah-tisdall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarah+Tisdall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/panorama/hi/front_page/newsid_8016000/8016194.stm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Whistleblowing' while you work"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 27 April 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104102855/http://news.bbc.co.uk/panorama/hi/front_page/newsid_8016000/8016194.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=%27Whistleblowing%27+while+you+work&rft.date=2009-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fpanorama%2Fhi%2Ffront_page%2Fnewsid_8016000%2F8016194.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarah+Tisdall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Preston-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Preston_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Preston2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Preston" title="Peter Preston">Peter Preston</a> (5 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/05/pressandpublishing.politicsandthemedia">"A source of great regret"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202082642/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/05/pressandpublishing.politicsandthemedia">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+source+of+great+regret&rft.date=2005-09-05&rft.au=Peter+Preston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2005%2Fsep%2F05%2Fpressandpublishing.politicsandthemedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarah+Tisdall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mckie-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mckie_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mckie_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKie2021" class="citation news cs1">McKie, David (12 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/may/11/in-defence-of-peter-preston-handling-of-the-sarah-tisdall-case">"In defence of Peter Preston's handling of the Sarah Tisdall case"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512150218/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/may/11/in-defence-of-peter-preston-handling-of-the-sarah-tisdall-case">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=In+defence+of+Peter+Preston%27s+handling+of+the+Sarah+Tisdall+case&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft.aulast=McKie&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2021%2Fmay%2F11%2Fin-defence-of-peter-preston-handling-of-the-sarah-tisdall-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarah+Tisdall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigel_West2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigel West">Nigel West</a> (2009). <i>The A to Z of British Intelligence</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. p. 543. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810868656" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810868656"><bdi>978-0810868656</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+British+Intelligence&rft.pages=543&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0810868656&rft.au=Nigel+West&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarah+Tisdall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenslade-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenslade_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Greenslade2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Greenslade" title="Roy Greenslade">Roy Greenslade</a> (5 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/05/mondaymediasection.pressandpublishing1">"Tisdall's downfall"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055305/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/sep/05/mondaymediasection.pressandpublishing1">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tisdall%27s+downfall&rft.date=2005-09-05&rft.au=Roy+Greenslade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2005%2Fsep%2F05%2Fmondaymediasection.pressandpublishing1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarah+Tisdall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Tisdall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/216868.stm">Troubled history of the Official Secrets Act</a></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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