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</div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item 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<span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Dewey Watson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 85 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جيمس واتسون - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس واتسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%89)" title="جيمس واتسون (اكاديمى) - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس واتسون (اكاديمى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Vatson" title="Ceyms Vatson - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Vatson" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جیمز واتسون - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز واتسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%96_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джэймс Дзьюі Уотсан - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэймс Дзьюі Уотсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Уотсън - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеймс Уотсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="জেমস ওয়াটসন - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেমস ওয়াটসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جەیمس واتسن - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەیمس واتسن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Τζέιμς Γουάτσον - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Γουάτσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جیمز واتسون - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز واتسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ג'יימס ווטסון - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס ווטסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80._%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="जेम्स डी. वाटसन - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जेम्स डी. वाटसन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ջեյմս Ուոթսոն - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Ուոթսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%88%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ジェームズ・ワトソン - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・ワトソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ უოტსონი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯეიმზ უოტსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Уотсон - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джеймс Уотсон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D.%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF.%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್.ಡಿ.ವಾಟ್ಸನ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್.ಡಿ.ವಾಟ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_D._%EC%99%93%EC%8A%A8" title="제임스 D. 왓슨 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 D. 왓슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Dewey_Watson" title="Iacobus Dewey Watson - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_Votsons" title="Džeimss Votsons - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Votsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Malgaşça" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Џејмс Вотсон - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џејмс Вотсон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="ജെയിംസ്‌ ഡി. വാട്സൺ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെയിംസ്‌ ഡി. വാട്സൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жэймс Ватсон - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жэймс Ватсон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جیمز واتسون - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جیمز واتسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟਸਨ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟਸਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جیمز واٹسن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیمز واٹسن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%90%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BC%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جېمز واټسن - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جېمز واټسن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уотсон, Джеймс - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уотсон, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जेम्स् डि व्याट्सन् - Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जेम्स् डि व्याट्सन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEejms_D._Votson" title="Džejms D. Votson - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Džejms D. Votson" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="James Dewey Watson" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜேம்ஸ் டூயி வாட்சன் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜேம்ஸ் டூயி வாட்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జేమ్స్ వాట్సన్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జేమ్స్ వాట్సన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5._%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เจมส์ ดี. วัตสัน - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจมส์ ดี. วัตสัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Вотсон - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Вотсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جیمز ڈی واٹسن - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیمز ڈی واٹسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="James Watson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="James D. Watson" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="James D. 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.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">James Dewey Watson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:James_D_Watson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/James_D_Watson.jpg/250px-James_D_Watson.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/James_D_Watson.jpg/375px-James_D_Watson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/James_D_Watson.jpg/500px-James_D_Watson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2985" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doğum</th><td class="infobox-data">06 Nisan 1928<span class="noprint"> (<span class="currentage"></span>96 yaşında)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Milliyet</th><td class="infobox-data kategori"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mezun olduğu okul(lar)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Chicago Üniversitesi">Chicago Üniversitesi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ndiana_%C3%9Cniversitesi" class="mw-redirect" title="İndiana Üniversitesi">İndiana Üniversitesi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ödüller</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_T%C4%B1p_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü">Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü</a> (1962)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Kariyeri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dalı</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Genetik" title="Genetik">Genetik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Çalıştığı kurumlar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratuvar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratuvarı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratuvarı</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Harvard Üniversitesi">Harvard Üniversitesi</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Cambridge Üniversitesi">Cambridge Üniversitesi</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerikan_Ulusal_Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k_Enstit%C3%BCleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerikan Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Amerikan Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doktora_dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fman%C4%B1" title="Doktora danışmanı">Doktora<br />danışmanı</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">İmza</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:James_D_Watson_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/James_D_Watson_signature.svg/150px-James_D_Watson_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/James_D_Watson_signature.svg/225px-James_D_Watson_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/James_D_Watson_signature.svg/300px-James_D_Watson_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Dewey Watson</b> (d. 6 Nisan 1928, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>), 1954 yılında yaptığı çalışma ile <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>'nın <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0kili_sarmal" title="İkili sarmal">ikili sarmal</a> yapısını, araştırmacı <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> ile bularak <a href="/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ödülü">Nobel Ödülü</a> almış bilim adamıdır. </p><p>Chicago Üniversitesinde <a href="/wiki/Zooloji" title="Zooloji">zooloji</a> öğrenimi gördükten sonra 1950 yılında Indiana Üniversitesinde doktora yaptı. Ancak bu süreçten sonra Avrupa'ya geçmiştir. 1950 ve 1953 yılları arası önce <a href="/wiki/Kopenhag" title="Kopenhag">Kopenhag</a>, sonra da <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Cambridge Üniversitesi">Cambridge Üniversitesinde</a> DNA'nın yapı çözümü konusunda çalışmalarda bulundu. Cambridge Üniversitesinden <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> ile giriştiği çalışmalar sonuç verdi ve 1953 yılında <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(dergi)" title="Nature (dergi)">Nature</a></i> dergisinde 900 kelimeden oluşan makalelerinin yayınlanmasıyla bilim adına önemli bir karanlık bölüm aydınlanmış oldu. Makale şöyle başlıyordu: "<i>Deoksiribo Nükleik Asit tuzu için bir yapı önermek isteriz...</i>" </p><p>Ancak bu keşif içinde Londra'daki <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's Kolejinde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalograf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristalograf (sayfa mevcut değil)">kristalograf</a> olarak çalışan <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin" title="Rosalind Franklin">Rosalind Franklin</a>'in de katkısı büyüktür. Eğer 38 yaşında kanserden ölmeseydi o da verilecek Nobel Ödülünü paylaşabilirdi. DNA'nın çift sarmal olduğunun bulunmasında Rosalind Franklin'in <a href="/wiki/X_%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1" title="X ışını">X ışını</a> resimleri kilit rol oynamıştır. Ancak kendisi X ışını resimlerini doğru yorumlayamamaktaydı. </p><p>James Watson 1956'da <a href="/wiki/Harvard_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Harvard Üniversitesi">Harvard Üniversitesinde</a> <a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_Biyoloji" class="mw-redirect" title="Moleküler Biyoloji">Moleküler Biyoloji</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Biyokimya" title="Biyokimya">Biyokimya</a> Profesörlüğüne getirildi. </p><p>1962 yılında Dr.Crick'le DNA'nın 3 boyutlu yapısını keşfetmelerinden dolayı <a href="/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ödülü">Nobel Ödülü</a>'ne layık bulundular. </p><p>1967 yılında ise <i>The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA</i> (<i>İkili Sarmal : DNA Yapı Çözümünün Öyküsü</i>) adlı, DNA'nın ayrıntılı çözüm öyküsünü içeren kitabını yazdı. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Görüşleri"><span id="G.C3.B6r.C3.BC.C5.9Fleri"></span>Görüşleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Görüşleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Görüşleri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>New York'ta bulunan Cold Spring Harbor Laboratuvarı'nın başkanlığını yapan, yaşantısının ileri dönemlerinde ırkçı, homofobik ve kadınları aşağılayan ifadeleriyle dikkati çeken Watson, "Afrikalıların daha düşük zekalı oldukları" yolundaki açıklamaları ve "farklı coğrafyalarda evrimleşen insanların zekâlarının aynı şekilde geliştiğini düşünmek için mantıklı bir sebep olmadığı" yolundaki iddiaları nedeniyle önemli eleştirilerin hedefi oldu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tepkilerin artması üzerine Cold Spring Harbor Laboratuvarı'nın yönetim kurulu başkanı Bruce Stillman yönetim kurulunun Watson'un "tüm idari yetkilerinin askıya alınmasına" karar verdiğini açıkladı.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu görüşlerini ilk defa 2007 yılında açıkladı.<sup id="cite_ref-thetimes2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetimes2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daha sonra 2018 yılında tekrarladı. Genetik olarak Yahudilerin daha zeki, Çinlilerin yaratıcılık fukarası ve Hintlerin de köle tabiatlı insanlar olduğunu öne sürdü.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Beyaz ve siyahlar arasındaki IQ değerleri genetiktir.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Comments2018_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comments2018-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000 yılında bir konferansta, Watson deri rengi ile cinsel dürtü arasında bağlantı bulunduğunu öne sürdü.<sup id="cite_ref-chronicle_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chronicle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-British_Medical_Journal_-_Melanotan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-British_Medical_Journal_-_Melanotan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_genetik_tarihi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moleküler genetik tarihi">Moleküler genetik tarihi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Radikal, 19.10.2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=236104&tarih=19/10/2007">http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=236104&tarih=19/10/2007</a> 5 Haziran 2016 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605122559/http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=236104&tarih=19%2F10%2F2007">arşivlendi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">NTV, 20 Ekim 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ntv.com.tr/news/423565.asp">http://www.ntv.com.tr/news/423565.asp</a> 20 Ekim 2007 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020204449/http://ntv.com.tr/news/423565.asp">arşivlendi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thetimes2007-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-thetimes2007_3-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Hunt-Grubbe, Charlotte (14 Ekim 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-elementary-dna-of-dr-watson-gllb6w2vpdr">"The elementary DNA of Dr Watson"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Londra. 14 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114175737/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-elementary-dna-of-dr-watson-gllb6w2vpdr">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">14 Ocak</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+elementary+DNA+of+Dr+Watson&rft.place=Londra&rft.date=2007-10-14&rft.aulast=Hunt-Grubbe&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthe-elementary-dna-of-dr-watson-gllb6w2vpdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Dewey+Watson" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Reich, David. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whowearehowwegot0000reic_a6f9"><i>Who We Are and How We Got Here</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whowearehowwegot0000reic_a6f9/page/n294">263</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-882125-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-882125-0">978-0-19-882125-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+We+Are+and+How+We+Got+Here&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-882125-0&rft.aulast=Reich&rft.aufirst=David.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhowearehowwegot0000reic_a6f9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Dewey+Watson" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/01/dna-james-watson-scientist-selling-nobel-prize-medal">"He may have unravelled DNA, but James Watson deserves to be shunned"</a>. 1 Aralık 2014. 14 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114090026/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/01/dna-james-watson-scientist-selling-nobel-prize-medal">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">14 Ocak</span> 2019</span> – The Guardian vasıtasıyla.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=He+may+have+unravelled+DNA%2C+but+James+Watson+deserves+to+be+shunned&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2014%2Fdec%2F01%2Fdna-james-watson-scientist-selling-nobel-prize-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Dewey+Watson" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/fury-at-dna-pioneers-theory-africans-are-less-intelligent-than-westerners-394898.html">"Fury at DNA pioneer's theory: Africans are less intelligent than Westerners"</a>. 17 Ekim 2007. 11 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511052658/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/fury-at-dna-pioneers-theory-africans-are-less-intelligent-than-westerners-394898.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">14 Ocak</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fury+at+DNA+pioneer%27s+theory%3A+Africans+are+less+intelligent+than+Westerners&rft.date=2007-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Ffury-at-dna-pioneers-theory-africans-are-less-intelligent-than-westerners-394898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Dewey+Watson" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Crawford, Hayley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2011/04/james-watson-menaced-by-hoodie.html">"Short Sharp Science:James Watson menaced by hoodies shouting 'racist!<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. New Scientist. 10 Ocak 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180110054711/https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2011/04/james-watson-menaced-by-hoodie.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">24 Nisan</span> 2014</span>. <q>... he was "inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa" because "all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours, whereas all the testing says not really.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+Sharp+Science%3AJames+Watson+menaced+by+hoodies+shouting+%27racist%21%27&rft.pub=New+Scientist&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Fblogs%2Fshortsharpscience%2F2011%2F04%2Fjames-watson-menaced-by-hoodie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Dewey+Watson" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Comments2018-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Comments2018_8-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Harmon, Amy.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/01/science/watson-dna-genetics-race.html">James Watson Won’t Stop Talking About Race</a> 14 Ocak 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114090023/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/01/science/watson-dna-genetics-race.html">arşivlendi</a>., New York Times, January 1, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chronicle-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-chronicle_9-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Abate, T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/11/13/MN111208.DTL">"Nobel Winner's Theories Raise Uproar in Berkeley Geneticist's views strike many as racist, sexist"</a> 16 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516130655/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2000%2F11%2F13%2FMN111208.DTL">arşivlendi</a>., <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>, November 13, 2000. Retrieved on October 24, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-British_Medical_Journal_-_Melanotan-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-British_Medical_Journal_-_Melanotan_10-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Thompson, C.; Berger, A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/321/7252/12">"Agent provocateur pursues happiness"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>321</b> (7252). s. 12. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7252.12">10.1136/bmj.321.7252.12</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1127681">1127681</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10875824">10875824</a>. 27 Haziran 2009 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627140759/http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/321/7252/12">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">14 Ocak</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agent+provocateur+pursues+happiness&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2000&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1127681&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10875824&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.321.7252.12&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Berger%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F321%2F7252%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Dewey+Watson" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628201051/http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/WireStory?id=3743042&page=1">"UK Museum Cancels Scientist's Lecture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a>. 17 Ekim 2007. 28 Haziran 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/WireStory?id=3743042&page=1">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Museum+Cancels+Scientist%27s+Lecture&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2007-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FTechnology%2FWireStory%3Fid%3D3743042%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Dewey+Watson" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Dewey_Watson&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119110017/http://library.cshl.edu/watsoncollection/index.html">James D. Watson Collection</a> at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560789/James_Watson.html">MSN Encarta biography</a>(28 Ekim 2009 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028182156/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560789/James_Watson.html">arşivlendi</a>. 2009-10-31)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnai.org/">DNA Interactive</a>7 Şubat 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207033619/http://www.dnai.org/">arşivlendi</a>. - This site from the Dolan DNA Learning Center (part of CSHL) commemorates the discovery of the structure of DNA and includes dozens of animations, as well as interviews with James Watson and others.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaftb.org/">DNA from the Beginning</a>9 Mart 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309043443/http://www.dnaftb.org/">arşivlendi</a>. - another DNA Learning Center site on the basics of DNA, genes, and heredity, from Mendel to the human genome project.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>'de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0914677/">James Dewey Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TED_(konferans)" title="TED (konferans)">TED</a>'de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_watson">James Dewey Watson</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83333#P2611" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>'daki <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?84374">görünümü</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/indexes/2003/02/25/health/genetics/index.html">A Revolution at 50</a>26 Temmuz 2008 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726120829/http://www.nytimes.com/indexes/2003/02/25/health/genetics/index.html">arşivlendi</a>., February 25, 2003</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Makaleler</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/crickwatson1.shtml">BBC Four Interviews</a>15 Şubat 2006 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060215191336/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/crickwatson1.shtml">arşivlendi</a>. - Watson and Crick speaking on the BBC in 1962, 1972, and 1974.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1074946"><i>NPR Science Friday</i>: "A Conversation with Genetics Pioneer James Watson"</a> 20 Ekim 2006 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061020084239/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1074946">arşivlendi</a>. - Ira Flatow interviews Watson on the history of DNA and his recent book <i>A Passion for DNA: Genes, Genomes, and Society</i>. 2002-06-02</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1250481"><i>NPR Science Friday</i> "DNA: The Secret of Life"</a> 18 Ekim 2006 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018105835/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1250481">arşivlendi</a>. - Ira Flatow interviews Watson on his new book. 2003-05-02</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/watson_interview.html"><i>Discover</i> "Reversing Bad Truths"</a> 30 Aralık 2006 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061230024307/http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/watson_interview.html">arşivlendi</a>. - David Duncan interviews Watson. 2003-07-01</li> <li>Two remembrances of James Watson by one of the founders of molecular genetics, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Lederberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esther Lederberg (sayfa mevcut değil)">Esther Lederberg</a>, can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.estherlederberg.com/Anecdotes.html#WATSON16">http://www.estherlederberg.com/Anecdotes.html#WATSON16</a> Mart 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042831/http://www.estherlederberg.com/Anecdotes.html#WATSON1">arşivlendi</a>. and <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.estherlederberg.com/Anecdotes.html#WATSON26">http://www.estherlederberg.com/Anecdotes.html#WATSON26</a> Mart 2019 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042831/http://www.estherlederberg.com/Anecdotes.html#WATSON2">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webofstories.com/gl/james.watson">James Watson telling his life story</a> at Web of Stories</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_Tıp_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title 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style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_Tıp_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_T%C4%B1p_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü">Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizyoloji_veya_T%C4%B1p_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri_listesi" title="Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü sahipleri listesi">sahipleri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901-1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Emil Behring</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Finsen</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0van_Pavlov" title="İvan Pavlov">İvan Pavlov</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Alphonse Laveran</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lya_Me%C3%A7nikov" title="İlya Meçnikov">İlya Meçnikov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Kocher</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Charles Robert Richet</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Robert Bárány</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Jules Bordet</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">August Krogh</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Otto Meyerhof</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Frederick Banting</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">John Macleod</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Warburg</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Adrian</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Morgan</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">George Whipple</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">George Minot</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" title="William P. Murphy">William Murphy</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Hans Spemann</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Dale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Corneille Heymans</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Henrik Dam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Doisy</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Herbert Gasser</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Ernst Chain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Howard Walter Florey</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Muller</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Theresa_Cori" title="Gerty Theresa Cori">Gerty Theresa Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Müller</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Edward Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Hench</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman">Selman Abraham Waksman</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Krebs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Lipmann</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Weller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Robbins</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Cournand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Woodruff_Richards" title="Dickinson Woodruff Richards">Dickinson Woodruff Richards</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Edward Tatum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Burnet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Dewey Watson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">John Eccles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">André Lwoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Rous</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Charles B. Huggins</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Hartline</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Robert William Holley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Khorana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Edward_Luria" title="Salvador Edward Luria">Salvador Edward Luria</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland">Earl Sutherland, Jr.</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Porter</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Palade</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Temin</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Baruch Blumberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Daniel Gajdusek</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Andrew Schally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Yalow</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan Cormack</a> / <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Godfrey Hounsfield</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">George Snell</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson" title="Bengt I. Samuelsson">Bengt I. Samuelsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">John Robert Vane</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Niels Jerne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Georges Köhler</a> / <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biyokimyager)" title="Stanley Cohen (biyokimyager)">Stanley Cohen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">James W. Black</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">George H. Hitchings</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a> / <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Edmond Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Edwin G. Krebs</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Richard J. Roberts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Sharp</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Rolf M. Zinkernagel</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Robert F. Furchgott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Louis Ignarro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Ferid Murad</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> / <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Sulston" title="John E. Sulston">John E. Sulston</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Linda B. Buck</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Andrew Z. Fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" title="Craig C. Mello">Craig C. Mello</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Jack Szostak</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards">Robert G. Edwards</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules A. Hoffmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Ralph M. Steinman</a> (<i>ölümünden sonra</i>) (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas C. Südhof">Thomas C. Südhof</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">John O'Keefe</a> / <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">William C. Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu Youyou</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo </a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin" title="William Kaelin">William Kaelin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Michael Houghton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artem_Pataputyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Artem Pataputyan">Artem Pataputyan</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Ruvkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Ruvkun (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gary Ruvkun</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Copley_Madalyası_sahipleri_(1951–2000)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1951-2000"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000" title="Şablon tartışma:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1951-2000"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Madalyası_sahipleri_(1951–2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Copley Madalyası">Copley Madalyası</a> sahipleri (1951–2000)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Keilin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Keilin (sayfa mevcut değil)">David Keilin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Kluyver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Kluyver (sayfa mevcut değil)">Albert Kluyver</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._T._Whittaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. T. Whittaker (sayfa mevcut değil)">E. T. Whittaker</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Howard Walter Florey</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (sayfa mevcut değil)">Paul Fildes</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman_(matematik%C3%A7i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (matematikçi) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sydney Chapman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Pirie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Pirie (sayfa mevcut değil)">Norman Pirie</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" class="mw-redirect" title="W. V. D. Hodge">W. V. D. Hodge</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell" title="Peter Mitchell">Peter Mitchell</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rudolf Peierls</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_Hill_(biyokimyac%C4%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin Hill (biyokimyacı) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robin Hill</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Abd%C3%BCsselam" title="Muhammed Abdüsselam">Muhammed Abdüsselam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James D. Watson</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Frank" title="Frederick Charles Frank">Frederick Charles Frank</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Fenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Fenner (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frank Fenner</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cottrell" title="Alan Cottrell">Alan Cottrell</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Huxley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Huxley (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hugh Huxley</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Lighthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Lighthill (sayfa mevcut değil)">James Lighthill</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_R._Battersby" title="Alan R. Battersby">Alan Battersby</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tam liste</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1731-1750" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1731-1750">1731–1750</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1751-1800" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1751-1800">1751–1800</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1801-1850" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1801-1850">1801–1850</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1851-1900" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1851-1900">1851–1900</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1901-1950" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1901-1950">1901–1950</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1951-2000">1951–2000</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_2001-2050" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 2001-2050">2001–günümüz</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biyoloji_tarihi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Biyoloji_tarihi" title="Şablon:Biyoloji tarihi"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none 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navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirai_bilim_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirai bilim tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zirai bilim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatomi_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatomi tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyokimya_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyokimya tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Biyokimya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyoteknoloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyoteknoloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Biyoteknoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanik_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botanik tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Botanik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekoloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekoloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ekoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evrim_d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCncesinin_tarihi" title="Evrim düşüncesinin tarihi">Evrim düşüncesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetik_bilimi_tarihi" title="Genetik bilimi tarihi">Genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeoloji_tarihi" title="Jeoloji tarihi">Jeoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0mm%C3%BCnoloji_zaman_%C3%A7izelgesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İmmünoloji zaman çizelgesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">İmmünoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%B1p_tarihi" title="Tıp tarihi">Tıp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_organizmalar%C4%B1n_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model organizmaların tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Model organizmalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji_tarih%C3%A7esi" title="Moleküler biyoloji tarihçesi">Moleküler biyoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molek%C3%BCler_evrimin_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moleküler evrimin tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Moleküler evrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontoloji_tarihi" title="Paleontoloji tarihi">Paleontoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pikoloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pikoloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pikoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitki_sistemati%C4%9Finin_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitki sistematiğinin tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bitki sistematiği</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA_biyolojisinin_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNA biyolojisinin tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">RNA biyolojisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zooloji_tarihi_(1859-g%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BCz)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zooloji tarihi (1859-günümüz) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zooloji (1859-günümüz)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_%C3%B6ncesi_zooloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1859 öncesi zooloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zooloji (1859 öncesi)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:HomunculusLarge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The homunculus"><img alt="The homunculus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/60px-HomunculusLarge.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/90px-HomunculusLarge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/120px-HomunculusLarge.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enstitüler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (sayfa mevcut değil)">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratory of Molecular Biology (sayfa mevcut değil)">Laboratory of Molecular Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Biological_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Biological Laboratory (sayfa mevcut değil)">Marine Biological Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Toplulu%C4%9Fu" title="Max Planck Topluluğu">Max Planck Topluluğu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Pasteur Enstitüsü">Pasteur Enstitüsü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Rockefeller Üniversitesi">Rockefeller Üniversitesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rothamsted_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rothamsted Research (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rothamsted Research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stazione_Zoologica_Anton_Dohrn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woods_Hole_Oceanographic_Institution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (sayfa mevcut değil)">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teoriler,<br />kavramlar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hastal%C4%B1k_yap%C4%B1c%C4%B1_mikrop_teorisi" title="Hastalık yapıcı mikrop teorisi">Hastalık yapıcı mikrop teorisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santral_dogma_(molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji)" title="Santral dogma (moleküler biyoloji)">Santral dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwinizm" title="Darwinizm">Darwinizm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_varl%C4%B1k_zinciri" title="Büyük varlık zinciri">Büyük varlık zinciri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyolojik_organizasyon" title="Biyolojik organizasyon">Yaşam hiyerarşisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamarkizm" title="Lamarkizm">Lamarkizm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_gen_bir_enzim_hipotezi" title="Bir gen bir enzim hipotezi">Bir gen bir enzim hipotezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eobiont" title="Eobiont">Eobiont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA_d%C3%BCnyas%C4%B1_hipotezi" title="RNA dünyası hipotezi">RNA dünyası hipotezi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dizi_hipotezi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dizi hipotezi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Dizi hipotezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendili%C4%9Finden_olu%C5%9Fum" title="Kendiliğinden oluşum">Kendiliğinden oluşum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miazma_teorisi" title="Miazma teorisi">Miazma teorisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tarihî</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Klasik_Antik_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Klasik Antik Çağ">Klasik<br />Antik Çağ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristoteles%27in_biyolojisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristoteles'in biyolojisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Aristoteles'in biyolojisi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cretim_ve_Yolsuzluk_%C3%9Czerine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üretim ve Yolsuzluk Üzerine (sayfa mevcut değil)">Üretim ve Yolsuzluk Üzerine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayvanlar%C4%B1n_Tarihi_%C3%9Czerine" title="Hayvanların Tarihi Üzerine">Historia animalium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theofrastos" title="Theofrastos">Teofrastus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Plantarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia Plantarum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Historia Plantarum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedanios_Dioskurides" title="Pedanios Dioskurides">Dioskorides Pedanius</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_materia_medica" title="De materia medica">De materia medica</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6nesans" title="Rönesans">Rönesans</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Yeni_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Yeni Çağ">Yeni Çağ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Gessner" title="Conrad Gessner">Conrad Gessner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiae_animalium_(Gessner)" title="Historiae animalium (Gessner)"><i>Historia animalium</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius" title="Andreas Vesalius">Andreas Vesalius</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Humani_Corporis_Fabrica_Libri_Septem" title="De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem">De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exercitatio_Anatomica_de_Motu_Cordis_et_Sanguinis_in_Animalibus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (sayfa mevcut değil)">De Motu Cordis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Ruysch" title="Frederik Ruysch">Frederik Ruysch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swammerdam" title="Jan Swammerdam">Jan Swammerdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regnier_de_Graaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regnier de Graaf (sayfa mevcut değil)">Regnier de Graaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi" title="Marcello Malpighi">Marcello Malpighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Micrographia" title="Micrographia">Micrographia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Redi" title="Francesco Redi">Francesco Redi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evrim" title="Evrim">Evrim</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19.<br />yüzyıl</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc">Georges-Louis Leclerc</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Histoire_Naturelle" title="Histoire Naturelle">Histoire Naturelle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Lamarck</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophie_Zoologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophie Zoologique (sayfa mevcut değil)">Philosophie Zoologique</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principles_of_Geology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principles of Geology (sayfa mevcut değil)">Principles of Geology</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrlerin_K%C3%B6keni" title="Türlerin Kökeni">Türlerin Kökeni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsan%C4%B1n_T%C3%BCreyi%C5%9Fi" title="İnsanın Türeyişi">İnsanın Türeyişi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walter_Bates" title="Henry Walter Bates">Henry Walter Bates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_evrimsel_sentez" title="Modern evrimsel sentez">Modern<br />sentez</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson">William Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetics_and_the_Origin_of_Species&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetics and the Origin of Species (sayfa mevcut değil)">Genetics and the Origin of Species</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">R. A. Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E.B._Ford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E.B. Ford (sayfa mevcut değil)">E.B. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Gaylord Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries" title="Hugo de Vries">Hugo de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Hamilton" title="William Donald Hamilton">William Donald Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Oparin" title="Aleksandr Oparin">Aleksandr Oparin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C._Williams_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C. Williams (biologist) (sayfa mevcut değil)">George C. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiyoloji" title="Mikrobiyoloji">Mikrobiyoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Cohn" title="Ferdinand Cohn">Ferdinand Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_d%27Herelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix d'Herelle (sayfa mevcut değil)">Felix d'Herelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Beijerinck" title="Martinus Beijerinck">Martinus Beijerinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Winogradsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Winogradsky (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sergei Winogradsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geli%C5%9Fim_biyolojisi" title="Gelişim biyolojisi">Gelişim biyolojisi</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Evrimsel_geli%C5%9Fim_biyolojisi" title="Evrimsel gelişim biyolojisi">evrimsel gelişim</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ernst_von_Baer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ernst von Baer (sayfa mevcut değil)">Karl Ernst von Baer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_de_Beer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gavin de Beer (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gavin de Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sean_B._Carroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sean B. Carroll (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sean B. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_F._Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott F. Gilbert (sayfa mevcut değil)">Scott F. Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Gehring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Gehring (sayfa mevcut değil)">Walter Gehring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Beecher_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Beecher Wilson (sayfa mevcut değil)">E. B. Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genetik" title="Genetik">Genetik</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji" title="Moleküler biyoloji">Moleküler<br />biyoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deneyler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griffith_Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Griffith Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Griffith</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luria-Delbr%C3%BCck_deneyi" title="Luria-Delbrück deneyi">Luria-Delbrück</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avery-MacLeod-McCarty_deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avery-MacLeod-McCarty deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Avery-MacLeod-McCarty</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller-Urey_deneyi" title="Miller-Urey deneyi">Miller-Urey</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershey-Chase_deneyi" title="Hershey-Chase deneyi">Hershey-Chase</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meselson-Stahl_deneyi" title="Meselson-Stahl deneyi">Meselson-Stahl</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crick,_Brenner_et_al._Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crick, Brenner et al. Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Crick, Brenner et al.</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirenberg_ve_Matthaei_Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirenberg ve Matthaei Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nirenberg-Matthaei</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirenberg_ve_Leder_Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirenberg ve Leder Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nirenberg-Leder</a> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kişiler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Beadle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Benzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seymour Benzer (sayfa mevcut değil)">Seymour Benzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin" title="Rosalind Franklin">Rosalind Franklin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photo_51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photo 51 (sayfa mevcut değil)">Photo 51</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Dewey Watson</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_Structure_of_Nucleic_Acids:_A_Structure_for_Deoxyribose_Nucleic_Acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (sayfa mevcut değil)">Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sickle_Cell_Anemia,_a_Molecular_Disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Fred Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekoloji" title="Ekoloji">Ekoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Clements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Clements (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frederic Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Sutherland_Elton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Sutherland Elton (sayfa mevcut değil)">Charles Elton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Gleason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Gleason (sayfa mevcut değil)">Henry Gleason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Tansley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Tansley (sayfa mevcut değil)">Arthur Tansley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_Warming" title="Eugenius Warming">Eugenius Warming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Etoloji" title="Etoloji">Etoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_de_Waal" title="Frans de Waal">Frans de Waal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0van_Pavlov" title="İvan Pavlov">İvan Pavlov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">İlgili konular</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilim_tarihi" title="Bilim tarihi">Bilim tarihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyoloji_felsefesi" title="Biyoloji felsefesi">Biyoloji felsefesi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolojide_teleoloji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolojide teleoloji (sayfa mevcut değil)">Teleoloji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnobotanik" title="Etnobotanik">Etnobotanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96jenik" title="Öjenik">Öjenik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarat%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F-evrim_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaratılış-evrim tartışmasının tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yaratılış-evrim tartışmasının tarihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsan_Genom_Projesi" title="İnsan Genom Projesi">İnsan Genom Projesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humboldt%C3%A7u_bilim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humboldtçu bilim (sayfa mevcut 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title="İspanya Millî Kütüphanesi">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX941126">XX941126</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11928929d">cb11928929d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11928929d">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katalonya_Ad_ve_Unvan_Yetkili_Katalo%C4%9Fu" title="Katalonya Ad ve Unvan Yetkili Kataloğu">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10177802">a10177802</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00103568?l=en">DA00103568</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118629468">118629468</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Ad_Tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Ad Tanımlayıcısı">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000114514801">0000 0001 1451 4801</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80015458">n80015458</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Letonya_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Letonya Millî Kütüphanesi">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000045845&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000045845</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_Diyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Millî Diyet Kütüphanesi">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00460283">00460283</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000720325&CON_LNG=ENG">jn20000720325</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avustralya_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Avustralya Millî Kütüphanesi">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35675916">35675916</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Yunanistan Millî Kütüphanesi">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record65367">65367</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007279860405171">987007279860405171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kore_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kore Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/page/KAC199629359">KAC199629359</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_ve_%C3%9Cniversite_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_(Zagreb)" title="Millî ve Üniversite Kütüphanesi (Zagreb)">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000001672&local_base=nsk10">000001672</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hollanda_Kraliyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Hollanda Kraliyet Kütüphanesi">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068411650">068411650</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphane_A%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Batı İsviçre Kütüphane Ağı">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A006029594">02-A006029594</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/236763">236763</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pc3ns4">w6pc3ns4</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniversiteleraras%C4%B1_Belgeleme_Sistemi" title="Üniversitelerarası Belgeleme Sistemi">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027193454">027193454</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2AuthorId</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/145979193">145979193</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1037626">1037626</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/90069089">90069089</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (LCCN): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-015458">n80-015458</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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