CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91364cb67b5c5f32',cH: 'SstjRCzd0d2I6f2RcYMR.oi2HqkWFEA7liHZZaOXCOQ-1739800784-1.2.1.1-QtM9Tjo.7PdfdKr9e1nZusSRBdTdJLqsP64Bu5PCwYahdD5Nw2skt_Xrui1GOg_H',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=pedestrian%20impact&__cf_chl_tk=svUwUwS9XgqmcT.YQ8vGMFidYjvEyCRLpR7KLqLGLaA-1739800784-1.0.1.1-es5W.USCvNctmpqs.9b1tRbjV1Vzy8h8Rw4lbNypZdU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739800784',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=pedestrian%20impact&__cf_chl_f_tk=svUwUwS9XgqmcT.YQ8vGMFidYjvEyCRLpR7KLqLGLaA-1739800784-1.0.1.1-es5W.USCvNctmpqs.9b1tRbjV1Vzy8h8Rw4lbNypZdU",md: "MAyLdOTSR44cprKXuzmHCRrc870c7_yQ7lZN0kBE57s-1739800784-1.2.1.1-foeIAV8UckZ5mC_FY1rz2QexZmqXRzPmJXNLjwUK2ltLR9MHLGe1jmd__I64tlQcMFfBvCHItKYFYzzHc_7Ba6Hm5iYSyF9asucfiWH90CXPscsy4WgNQquGpGTxcYjEt932N6qcTWipwcLRECMoSvNT_UQlJQib7DP_M37OzBdgQh_A57KlUnuqqsP.zSIEqX4Fp7yNsOWrZTFIilhbfxNeIZ9FL_kf1sqiPMrZYudh3RkuoJkKw0zieRVJfc9c_toSGgC2I2rvnMhqDtemj8Vuj5nIV.szsKRHqSOw4NZncR1NCxXJsg5EuiKF_6Z8Nb6BmfqA7RxnBVhbXjL4jnoezFPcLr6mTPasgEOPwDB8OYB9w453ovyONQOxvQPaGGVNPvRhYofWRgR9neH6l.zzbhXfTQd6FXataX5KGCJUqZtberQ1HHxrV0hNLupAHGP8sOxDVys0xIceOx8UtK1RB6DvYL3tRLk1KKQH5kVNQjfo2t5fteRFtEVHGhg.atV7rHiePY0rBWKuVgC1vq_XR2KpIGgSy7TM4MMrduZNKI24qcVcFxD8trXfDrB.yPZ_QlD_NY8X4sVq.DdZ7cDGhiYCXOxckmfHVmYGuSXQw4RIg9K9OCw.gn1mRW8txYkhzLxLGmpYleV8HCik5WHsTQfPt7ATeusCg.BFm3ilnsIikZsnaHUHziVqpB34l8ST6ppnLMP90PLVeyL1rhNwIh_TirLltu9jvh8ppje.pZ7Rm0CizpjJoZEOqQrq6sl5KOP.I9xCYf1kBCZUxveH9HdLu54F3YNZ8EvtLU3q35IhI1eEzqOFneGh294CbgIVdQ1BPAMJNma5M_aDaBVFgXh0R4FCsySBBOg7hn2WDjt_Tlqeru1GXp6W631KCAeoWZESQr5xuhLwYulzPmi9RHgR0gbTIGSmpfzmrKHyLwBCJ5cgMJXG73armvtd9RBulufi4uGc7HIvCpz5LX2AlWEKh3UDe_ud0IHCsfiAGSkm.1Waj5E6vM3CG.zMT3aoJitZ8QvbqDn.GjFYkokptuvJt3gTyPCp1z79_d0Z7NF0ELMvm9QHd54WbBPdr5i1MLKTJwF5wZY.nfPHaHGqIbQkrxx6TGND3uoIZ5vZO04JqXPuga5aMzZKWHF8jdcHQM7LF7LUkXgj.xfxG0j5Ix.cJzww3ZiTeIuR7LxkgB4iEc88tlQSsrlJepB53Dx_es98FrO9iJvXEqD2wVR5XEXxip2FMAvkIF_UC3K_Zf0F_mr.HRpP19vUgYJhgJ3rD3uF_PfMI6kcj.dIxC4JjcbJja6dtp6RI2bSa.uuINgrztP4Gh4YA1_q6Wpkise1zcILw3O0Tbh60pIldKX83TBheq4FvrKGy74GVhBn5BCPMc1eZUGq.KgzRO6Zk8KhHhCvvtY1bc4TXMXmSjW3gKggBpSnEIjJn.9g.bYuWT.87TK8EenTmn5pXLiH.2KH3AfOnxBsAdMw46sV8FTo9a89PEjWzbwDlGNQKLnhEd8LapfEvfP3xceRLpPOcZZcDDhFpoXvRKP143xOjauPW4BhrkBM6L9itay580uHk9yzGFL_WGygGOD79rGpmDXd1aeytuTO8zkyuWFSBO7RCeUVoJEUWsZt7ghWRcTuO5cEu7inMu8TXT7CqmrI6OXChTqtPeSygYXJE5accJ92BXbIzlfga6GM93cP79pjUMXmtrFk8qFYzDZu_kYg1R9ibduQwusE7DgROhpVaL26B6ZnECBH7sHyCcP4JUf5Kg1Xx9U0H6I.6zxlIak1FA6vzEkooJto0CQT3eGMKkmlIxfwjeTGMlWoK6GIuafLOxRF.1kyerEeKiuWC1FWR_ijMBPIe0eu4RqOMo9Z7kkCKllwftEGzl6DhI1TyDMHTZeo4sTrZNMzRDMCXF8fiFfoyUKSMN9NOF83wFJtbNraKnJ_.HeThoU2FVW9E1o",mdrd: ".njvk2OM1P_HrXfmF3WQRlOcFYE2K_u66ebX89tPxFE-1739800784-1.2.1.1-tvwwgS61sPdiW3jUaxpMbB6.l2Ru5KumFMz615eotaNZbvtB12YlNNN5cgL2shbWb1WQjUgUNvDLf3qQtLUs1Xn9HE5xnURqTMsuPOtDzJTGHBKz4ngekaN2WEdvjdeiUcNRAhXsA.xCUEt0wEmxgNgns7Uv9cP1sQ6zdEQ9dG75ei1o3.6fC2IT9HD0R8MBLc63XtajH7y4XdDtYe8zPDXPlMQ4LhqDB5Za._Y7md3AfGurFJN7CaUVg4runMsZnYpJ58qRqGVyiXJSyauu_W4bsSY3wsburDvWUaMjIaE678.NqePsk.hdM.frVwbkjeA6IbTem8xzKnECYCbiNmYf5iVldVTM5lhOM.3Zd25pfSLPy3kwv9kxelVJewAPwhlSjofVojtvY9NGs0CkCT7mfmA.JxVL8_34PejnJ8VPwJVBslZ73uL8EgSt7OLZ25JqwU3ruMRco.gNpRid1Uf4PHVHfXAGsMAWYwJT3nSwlbe02zV9Vt79fhHk0t99m2TkIg7qqSt8XKBsFdv8XKL0ByBKy1VnA8c.SC_UW08Z3VHMNoeDXnSaiVRb1xD5qay0mA92rvIWnR6LXvAQDwQMbcpq5_OmslvWSQ0U69heylW3prqSQnqq8DLB.LwnzAJ4H_BY2cFAB5qNtWhR6u_KG.pQw5jNwT5Yi1CKNKFbg9GD0MB8iZVKo.g4a3AdlV_iTR2vNC0Gto7PO4kt9.txqgA76lmYr0ntcCM62qqxmbokEMEhWt1m_dSsz8SjiMVB13er6nFJzRebstCTnumyeF0SN03hg1mMonEAA6vKOfDHGK4W9ctlYu5LXY_lsQurHEgEPdB.o13Vei4V5xO64M_oj5xHNZMlX7BTLQ0glbQsZvfCs8GD7KE7Aj62AcZaFDYl___kUNb0w6xCpqB1yTfJa55z8sq0mGcFI_RHKs7BWK_5youUaAQLs8EKwyqpQRaMt0zpPgGcumAgPkB.snjbNMQj0FRIBiWmXfR27O9tDm8zZ1Dc_OhMQcmXnwA6PrvEzSRuYRUdmu3IZOPWcLUqVVLHhT_wDYIMl4UCgd_r3dwzIYMjTXT4eouiQ9b3iB4EF7CB5RJhezoyqIyz91.S2VqVO84EgnUXpHXqvCq0Erc_aZl96q2Y7MgLrd_2d9CNazjAeOVsLdOhD4Thrlv8U.VaSxUbqLifX6NSH7qWPN.lnL0ZunTO12yqHtmysgsZBPJsm2VX_ruKDMC50p4yfUVjm2.OhqhQ.CoUafqMQ03wNtxY5lbWmGGn39nc.ND38BhNHX88nTqMzvMbjTdTR5jA__x_ZX628HrUtOFT_foGGR5LgnljsyHs3lKQDDwAelzFY1W3OnvCio1lJzg7gm.d5nh.ljsCbm1LT3imRMeGy7dubfYHAxx88eVAgxjNR0bnnW4oYHCscZ_nx3k5j5XxEM1ZL7ffCHLoH01jNav_HWxpcGCgnxQAT3f.5tu6vlfqUMBhNLxALyRU2cQNz4ycn_7x0Hw1v7lXQ6STof184NKPalmCwaXBjdFxok9Z8BVBGGMFVAu_kcIVyKvJLgyUinHJXNBn.XcLW9TG9sZLfiUn5OmSsUlGr6WS4fGHXWVkAZGPMPRz9M7qCJj9YEn6o3kyY8pr_Pg35op0Fd.CcvG57Fq_J2xGA2b12rba4_wqiuajUBDa9HqENFZYIDXigO7bOnAX.Ivp4xBfUyQ6HaFhjKwbyWn.XArXdfG4w7KSZ9u5LanjsZQaTbareN0jgJHVFuJFwK2Ip4bNI6M.kKY4cyrgiAwgweDKqeShOulN5R.opiTFbTGnviQ711gJoYXrv_drbVhW.y4OqCNTKZP31Ee9hNlPs9PsDN5AVAlSAqtD_mJzxDzhiTJjpj0o6wFu0DsXCv3GEaQ.ipCaw5UTIy2sUTjYEbZztEqSFAbRSD9Ir39.OIxAofUL.IJ7LE3j3HBQvMiQH6k1pLohfcALvJC_F8tubHu1kuzfWuxlBfb7LQZIvw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91364cb67b5c5f32';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=pedestrian%20impact&__cf_chl_rt_tk=svUwUwS9XgqmcT.YQ8vGMFidYjvEyCRLpR7KLqLGLaA-1739800784-1.0.1.1-es5W.USCvNctmpqs.9b1tRbjV1Vzy8h8Rw4lbNypZdU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>