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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">William Maclay Awl</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Maclay_Awl_(page_52_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/William_Maclay_Awl_%28page_52_crop%29.jpg/220px-William_Maclay_Awl_%28page_52_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/William_Maclay_Awl_%28page_52_crop%29.jpg/330px-William_Maclay_Awl_%28page_52_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/William_Maclay_Awl_%28page_52_crop%29.jpg/440px-William_Maclay_Awl_%28page_52_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1819" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nativename" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">24 May 1799 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007?uselang=en#P569" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007?uselang=en#P19" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 November 1876 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007?uselang=en#P570" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (aged 77)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007?uselang=en#P20" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Position held</th><td class="infobox-data category">President of the American Psychiatric Association (1848–1851) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007?uselang=en#P39" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Maclay Awl</b> (May 24, 1799 – November 19, 1876) was a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental health hospital">mental health hospital</a> administrator.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Maclay_Awl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</a>, to Mary (Maclay) Awl and lawyer and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> Samuel Awl. He studied basic medical concepts under a local <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>. At age 20 he entered the <a href="/wiki/Perelman_School_of_Medicine" title="Perelman School of Medicine">medical department of the University of Pennsylvania</a>. Failing to graduate, he began a temporary practice in his hometown, specializing in anatomy and surgery, but later accompanied a knapsacker to <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Ohio" title="Lancaster, Ohio">Lancaster, Ohio</a>, in 1826. In 1830 he married Rebecca Loughey. He then practiced his profession in many towns within Ohio, but finally settled in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>, in 1833 where he stayed for the rest of his life. He was the first <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgeon</a> west of the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a> to tie the left <a href="/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">Common carotid artery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Columbus he quickly specialized in treating mental disorders and management of people suffering from <a href="/wiki/Insanity" title="Insanity">insanity</a>. He was once stated that if he could fix his eyes on those of even the most violent lunatic he could control him without difficulty, an accomplishment which he succeeded in doing several times. He was a common witness in court to cases of doubtful insanity. Both he and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmaduke_B._Wright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marmaduke B. Wright (page does not exist)">Marmaduke B. Wright</a> were members of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a>. Together they promoted a bill which later became law in 1835 in which Ohio insanity cases would come under the care of the state. </p><p>William Maclay Awl then was acting superintendent of the "State Hospital", which opened in 1838. Also in 1838 he was president of the Association of Superintendents of Asylums for the Insane of the United States and Canada. He held this position until 1851. He headed a bill which founded schools for the education of the blind and feeble-minded in Ohio. In addition, in 1846, he, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Drake" title="Daniel Drake">Daniel Drake</a>, and other leading members of his field to establish the Ohio State Medical Society. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Maclay_Awl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKellyBurrage" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:American Medical Biographies/Awl, William Maclay"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/American_Medical_Biographies/Awl,_William_Maclay">"Awl, William Maclay" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:American Medical Biographies"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/American_Medical_Biographies"><i>American Medical Biographies</i> </a></span>. Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Awl%2C+William+Maclay&rft.btitle=American+Medical+Biographies&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=The+Norman%2C+Remington+Company&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Maclay+Awl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lancaster Gazette</i>, March 20, 1827</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Western and Physical Journal</i>, October 1827</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Maclay_Awl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Johnson, Allen, ed. <i>Dictionary of American Biography</i>. New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Psychiatric_Association_Presidents" title="Template:American Psychiatric Association Presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:American_Psychiatric_Association_Presidents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:American Psychiatric Association Presidents (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Psychiatric_Association_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Psychiatric Association Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Psychiatric_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_American_Psychiatric_Association" title="List of presidents of the American Psychiatric Association">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Psychiatric Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1844–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bayard_Woodward" title="Samuel Bayard Woodward">Samuel Bayard Woodward</a> (1844–1848)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Maclay Awl</a> (1848–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Vose_Bell" title="Luther Vose Bell">Luther Vose Bell</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ray" title="Isaac Ray">Isaac Ray</a> (1855–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McFarland" title="Andrew McFarland">Andrew McFarland</a> (1859–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Story_Kirkbride" title="Thomas Story Kirkbride">Thomas Story Kirkbride</a> (1862–1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._Butler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. Butler (page does not exist)">John S. Butler</a> (1870–1873)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Nichols_(physician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Nichols (physician) (page does not exist)">Charles Nichols</a> (1873–1879)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clement_Walker_(psychiatrist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clement Walker (psychiatrist) (page does not exist)">Clement Walker</a> (1879–1882)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._H._Callender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. H. Callender (page does not exist)">J. H. Callender</a> (1882–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Gray_(psychiatrist)" title="John P. Gray (psychiatrist)">John P. Gray</a> (1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliny_Earle_(physician)" title="Pliny Earle (physician)">Pliny Earle</a> (1884–1885)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orpheus_Everts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orpheus Everts (page does not exist)">Orpheus Everts</a> (1885–1886)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._A._Buttolph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. A. Buttolph (page does not exist)">H. A. Buttolph</a> (1886–1887)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Grissom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Grissom (page does not exist)">Eugene Grissom</a> (1887–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Chapin" title="John B. Chapin">John B. Chapin</a> (1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Godding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Godding (page does not exist)">W. W. Godding</a> (1889–1890)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._P._Stearns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. P. Stearns (page does not exist)">H. P. Stearns</a> (1890–1891)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Clark_(physician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Clark (physician) (page does not exist)">Daniel Clark</a> (1891–1892)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._B._Andrews_(psychiatrist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. B. Andrews (psychiatrist) (page does not exist)">J. B. Andrews</a> (1892–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curwen_(physician)" title="John Curwen (physician)">John Curwen</a> (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cowles_(psychiatrist)" title="Edward Cowles (psychiatrist)">Edward Cowles</a> (1894–1895)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Dewey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Dewey (page does not exist)">Richard Dewey</a> (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophilus_O._Powell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophilus O. Powell (page does not exist)">Theophilus O. Powell</a> (1896–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Maurice_Bucke" title="Richard Maurice Bucke">Richard Maurice Bucke</a> (1897–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mills_Hurd" title="Henry Mills Hurd">Henry Mills Hurd</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_G._Rogers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph G. Rogers (page does not exist)">Joseph G. Rogers</a> (1899–1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_M._Wise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter M. Wise (page does not exist)">Peter M. Wise</a> (1900–1901)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J._Preston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J. Preston (page does not exist)">Robert J. Preston</a> (1901–1902)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._B._Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. B. Richardson (page does not exist)">A. B. Richardson</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=G._Adler_Bloomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. Adler Bloomer (page does not exist)">G. Adler Bloomer</a> (1902–1903)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._E._Macdonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. E. Macdonald (page does not exist)">A. E. Macdonald</a> (1903–1904)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._J._W._Burgess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. J. W. Burgess (page does not exist)">T. J. W. Burgess</a> (1904–1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._B._Burr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. B. Burr (page does not exist)">C. B. Burr</a> (1905–1906)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_G._Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles G. Hill (page does not exist)">Charles G. Hill</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_P._Bancroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles P. Bancroft (page does not exist)">Charles P. Bancroft</a> (1907–1908)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_F._Kilbourne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur F. Kilbourne (page does not exist)">Arthur F. Kilbourne</a> (1908–1909)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_F._Drewry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William F. Drewry (page does not exist)">William F. Drewry</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_W._Pilgrim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles W. Pilgrim (page does not exist)">Charles W. Pilgrim</a> (1910–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Hubert Work</a> (1911–1912)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_T._Searcy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James T. Searcy (page does not exist)">James T. Searcy</a> (1912–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Frederick_MacDonald" title="Carlos Frederick MacDonald">Carlos Frederick MacDonald</a> (1913–1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_E._Smith_(psychiatrist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel E. Smith (psychiatrist) (page does not exist)">Samuel E. Smith</a> (1914–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nathaniel_Brush" title="Edward Nathaniel Brush">Edward Nathaniel Brush</a> (1915–1916)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_G._Wagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles G. Wagner (page does not exist)">Charles G. Wagner</a> (1916–1917)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_V._Anglin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James V. Anglin (page does not exist)">James V. Anglin</a> (1917–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ernest_Southard" title="Elmer Ernest Southard">Elmer Ernest Southard</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_C._Eyman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry C. Eyman (page does not exist)">Henry C. Eyman</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Copp" title="Owen Copp">Owen Copp</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Moore_Barrett" title="Albert Moore Barrett">Albert Moore Barrett</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_W._Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry W. Mitchell (page does not exist)">Henry W. Mitchell</a> (1922–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Salmon" title="Thomas William Salmon">Thomas William Salmon</a> (1923–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alanson_White" title="William Alanson White">William Alanson White</a> (1924–1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Floyd_Haviland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Floyd Haviland (page does not exist)">C. Floyd Haviland</a> (1925–1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Kline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George M. Kline (page does not exist)">George M. Kline</a> (1926–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Meyer_(psychiatrist)" title="Adolf Meyer (psychiatrist)">Adolf Meyer</a> (1927–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Orton" title="Samuel Orton">Samuel Orton</a> (1928–1929)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_D._Bond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl D. Bond (page does not exist)">Earl D. Bond</a> (1929–1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_M._English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter M. English (page does not exist)">Walter M. English</a> (1930–1931)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_L._Russell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William L. Russell (page does not exist)">William L. Russell</a> (1931–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Vance_May" title="James Vance May">James Vance May</a> (1932–1933)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_H._Kirby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George H. Kirby (page does not exist)">George H. Kirby</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Fred_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Fred Williams (page does not exist)">C. Fred Williams</a> (1934–1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarence_O._Cheney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarence O. Cheney (page does not exist)">Clarence O. Cheney</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Macfie_Campbell" title="Charles Macfie Campbell">Charles Macfie Campbell</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ross_McClure_Chapman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ross McClure Chapman (page does not exist)">Ross McClure Chapman</a> (1937–1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_H._Hutchings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard H. Hutchings (page does not exist)">Richard H. Hutchings</a> (1938–1939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_C._Sandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William C. Sandy (page does not exist)">William C. Sandy</a> (1939–1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_H._Stevenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George H. Stevenson (page does not exist)">George H. Stevenson</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Douglas_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Douglas Singer (page does not exist)">H. Douglas Singer</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_King_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James King Hall (page does not exist)">James King Hall</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_H._Ruggles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur H. Ruggles (page does not exist)">Arthur H. Ruggles</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Adam_Strecker" title="Edward Adam Strecker">Edward Adam Strecker</a> (1943–1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_M._Bowman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl M. Bowman (page does not exist)">Karl M. Bowman</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_W._Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel W. Hamilton (page does not exist)">Samuel W. Hamilton</a> (1946–1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winfred_Overholser_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winfred Overholser Sr. (page does not exist)">Winfred Overholser Sr.</a> (1947–1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Claire_Menninger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Claire Menninger (page does not exist)">William Claire Menninger</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_S._Stevenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George S. Stevenson (page does not exist)">George S. Stevenson</a> (1949–1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Whitehorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Whitehorn (page does not exist)">John C. Whitehorn</a> (1950–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_H._Bartemeier" title="Leo H. Bartemeier">Leo H. Bartemeier</a> (1951–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Ewen_Cameron" title="Donald Ewen Cameron">Donald Ewen Cameron</a> (1952–1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_E._Appel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth E. Appel (page does not exist)">Kenneth E. Appel</a> (1953–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Percy_Noyes" title="Arthur Percy Noyes">Arthur Percy Noyes</a> (1954–1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Finley_Gayle_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Finley Gayle Jr. (page does not exist)">R. Finley Gayle Jr.</a> (1955–1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_J._Braceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis J. Braceland (page does not exist)">Francis J. Braceland</a> (1956–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_C._Solomon" title="Harry C. Solomon">Harry C. Solomon</a> (1957–1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_J._Gerty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis J. Gerty (page does not exist)">Francis J. Gerty</a> (1958–1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Malamud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Malamud (page does not exist)">William Malamud</a> (1959–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Felix" title="Robert H. Felix">Robert H. Felix</a> (1960–1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_E._Barton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter E. Barton (page does not exist)">Walter E. Barton</a> (1961–1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._H._Hardin_Branch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. H. Hardin Branch (page does not exist)">C. H. Hardin Branch</a> (1962–1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_R._Ewalt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack R. Ewalt (page does not exist)">Jack R. Ewalt</a> (1963–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Blain" title="Daniel Blain">Daniel Blain</a> (1964–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_P._Rome" title="Howard P. Rome">Howard P. Rome</a> (1965–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_John_Tompkins" title="Harvey John Tompkins">Harvey John Tompkins</a> (1966–1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_W._Brosin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry W. Brosin (page does not exist)">Henry W. Brosin</a> (1967–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kolb" title="Lawrence Kolb">Lawrence Kolb</a> (1968–1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_W._Waggoner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond W. Waggoner (page does not exist)">Raymond W. Waggoner</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S._Garber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert S. Garber (page does not exist)">Robert S. Garber</a> (1970–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewald_W._Busse" title="Ewald W. Busse">Ewald W. Busse</a> (1971–1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perry_Clement_Talkingten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perry Clement Talkingten (page does not exist)">Perry Clement Talkingten</a> (1972–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Freedman" title="Alfred Freedman">Alfred Freedman</a> (1973–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Spiegel" title="John Patrick Spiegel">John Patrick Spiegel</a> (1974–1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Marmor" title="Judd Marmor">Judd Marmor</a> (1975–1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Gibson_(psychiatrist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Gibson (psychiatrist) (page does not exist)">Robert W. Gibson</a> (1976–1977)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Weinberg_(psychiatrist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Weinberg (psychiatrist) (page does not exist)">Jack Weinberg</a> (1977–1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_H._Masserman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules H. Masserman (page does not exist)">Jules H. Masserman</a> (1978–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_A._Stone" title="Alan A. Stone">Alan A. Stone</a> (1979–1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_G._Langsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald G. Langsley (page does not exist)">Donald G. Langsley</a> (1980–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_X._Freedman" title="Daniel X. Freedman">Daniel X. Freedman</a> (1981–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Keith_H._Brodie" title="H. Keith H. Brodie">H. Keith H. Brodie</a> (1982–1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tarjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Tarjan (page does not exist)">George Tarjan</a> (1983–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Talbott" title="John A. Talbott">John A. Talbott</a> (1984–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Nadelson" title="Carol Nadelson">Carol Nadelson</a> (1985–1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_O._Pasnau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert O. Pasnau (page does not exist)">Robert O. Pasnau</a> (1986–1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_H._Pollock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George H. Pollock (page does not exist)">George H. Pollock</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_J._Fink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul J. Fink (page does not exist)">Paul J. Fink</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Pardes" title="Herb Pardes">Herb Pardes</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elissa_P._Benedek" title="Elissa P. Benedek">Elissa P. Benedek</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Hartmann" title="Lawrence Hartmann">Lawrence Hartmann</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_T._English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph T. English (page does not exist)">Joseph T. English</a> (1992–1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._McIntyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. McIntyre (page does not exist)">John S. McIntyre</a> (1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_M._Wiener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry M. Wiener (page does not exist)">Jerry M. Wiener</a> (1994–1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jane_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Jane England (page does not exist)">Mary Jane England</a> (1995–1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Eist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Eist (page does not exist)">Harold Eist</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_S._Sacks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert S. Sacks (page does not exist)">Herbert S. Sacks</a> (1997–1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_A._Mu%C3%B1oz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodrigo A. Muñoz (page does not exist)">Rodrigo A. Muñoz</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Tasman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allan Tasman (page does not exist)">Allan Tasman</a> (1999–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_B._Borenstein" title="Daniel B. Borenstein">Daniel B. Borenstein</a> (2000–2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Harding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard K. Harding (page does not exist)">Richard K. Harding</a> (2001–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Appelbaum" title="Paul S. Appelbaum">Paul S. Appelbaum</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_Kraft_Goin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcia Kraft Goin (page does not exist)">Marcia Kraft Goin</a> (2003–2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michelle_Riba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michelle Riba (page does not exist)">Michelle Riba</a> (2004–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Sharfstein" title="Steven Sharfstein">Steven Sharfstein</a> (2005–2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Ruiz_(psychiatrist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Ruiz (psychiatrist) (page does not exist)">Pedro Ruiz</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Robinowitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Robinowitz (page does not exist)">Carolyn Robinowitz</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nada_Stotland" title="Nada Stotland">Nada Stotland</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_F._Schatzberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan F. Schatzberg (page does not exist)">Alan F. Schatzberg</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_A._Bernstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol A. Bernstein (page does not exist)">Carol A. Bernstein</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oldham_(psychiatrist)" title="John Oldham (psychiatrist)">John Oldham</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_V._Jeste" title="Dilip V. Jeste">Dilip V. Jeste</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Lieberman" title="Jeffrey Lieberman">Jeffrey Lieberman</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Summergrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Summergrad (page does not exist)">Paul Summergrad</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9e_Binder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renée Binder (page does not exist)">Renée Binder</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_A._Oquendo" title="Maria A. Oquendo">Maria A. Oquendo</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anita_Everett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anita Everett (page does not exist)">Anita Everett</a> (2017–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altha_Stewart" title="Altha Stewart">Altha Stewart</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_J._Schwartz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce J. Schwartz (page does not exist)">Bruce J. Schwartz</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffery_Geller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffery Geller (page does not exist)">Jeffery Geller</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivian_Pender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivian Pender (page does not exist)">Vivian Pender</a> (2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_W._Brendel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebecca W. Brendel (page does not exist)">Rebecca W. Brendel</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petros_Levounis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petros Levounis (page does not exist)">Petros Levounis</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015007#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000049696409">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61465976">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhMgCc6DTjMxfwFw66Frq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr99015401">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6x968mz">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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