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Morfologija zemljišta — Википедија
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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B0_2024.\" title=\"Википедија:Уређивачки маратон Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024.\"\u003EУређивачком маратону Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" 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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Građa_zemljišnog_profila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Građa_zemljišnog_profila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Građa zemljišnog profila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Građa_zemljišnog_profila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boja_zemljišta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boja_zemljišta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Boja zemljišta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boja_zemljišta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unutrašnja_građa_pojedinih_horizonata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unutrašnja_građa_pojedinih_horizonata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Unutrašnja građa pojedinih horizonata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unutrašnja_građa_pojedinih_horizonata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifična_novoobrazovana_zemljišta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifična_novoobrazovana_zemljišta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specifična novoobrazovana zemljišta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifična_novoobrazovana_zemljišta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umeci_u_zemljištu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umeci_u_zemljištu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Umeci u zemljištu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umeci_u_zemljištu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Morfologija zemljišta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi_tanah" title="Morfologi tanah — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Morfologi tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullamorfoloogia" title="Mullamorfoloogia — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mullamorfoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_morphology" title="Soil morphology — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Soil morphology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfolog%C3%ADa_de_suelo" title="Morfología de suelo — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Morfología de suelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Հողի մորֆոլոգիա — јерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հողի մորֆոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="јерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_morphology" title="Soil morphology — кињаруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Soil morphology" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="кињаруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologia_gleb" title="Morfologia gleb — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morfologia gleb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologia_dos_solos" title="Morfologia dos solos — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morfologia dos solos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D2%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Морфологія ґрунтів — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морфологія ґрунтів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7554950#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Уреди међујезичке везе" class="wbc-editpage">Уреди везе</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именски простори"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta" title="Прочитајте овај чланак 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dir="ltr"><p><b>Morfologija zemljišta</b> je deo<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nauka_o_zemlji%C5%A1tu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauka o zemljištu">nauke o zemljištu</a>, koja obuhvata izučavanje morfoloških osobina, odnosno morfoloških karakteristika zemljišta.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morfološke osobine spadaju među najvažnije i najčešće izučavane osobine zemljišta, čije izučavanje je najstarija metoda izučavanja zemljišta. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="Морфологија">Morfologija</a> zemljišta spada među najvažnije karakteristike pojedinih sistematskih jedinica zemljišta. Razlikuju se dva tipa morfologije: </p> <ul><li>Ektomorfološka morfologija</li> <li>Endomorfološka morfologija</li></ul> <p>Među najvažnija endomorfološka svojstva zemljišta spadaju: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23532679">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ol><li>Građa zemljišnog profila</li> <li>Dubina pojedinih horizonata</li> <li>Boja zemljišta</li> <li>Mehanički sastav</li> <li>Struktura</li> <li>Poroznost i zbijenost</li> <li>Stepen vlažnosti</li> <li>Specifična pedogenetska obrazovanja</li> <li>Umeci u zemljištu</li></ol></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Građa_zemljišnog_profila"><span id="Gra.C4.91a_zemlji.C5.A1nog_profila"></span>Građa zemljišnog profila</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Građa zemljišnog profila”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Građa zemljišnog profila"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Profili većine tipova naših zemaljišta diferencirani su na manji ili veći <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Број">broj</a> genetskih horizonata. Oni se razlikuju i prema drugim fizičkim, hemijskim i mineraološkom <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Састав">sastavu</a>. Genetski horizonti su dobili nazive prema<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pedogenetskom procesu koji je doveo do njihovog obrazovanja. Za obeležavanje raznih horizonata koriste se kao <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Симбол">simboli</a> velika slova latinice. Pored velikih slova koriste se i mala slova latinice kao i arapski brojevi kao dopunske oznake. </p><p>Najpoznatiji horizonti su: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23532679"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Ao ili O - Organogeni horizont</li> <li>A ili Ai - Inicijalni horizont</li> <li>Ah ili A1 - Humusni ili humusno-akumulativni horizont</li> <li>Ahp ili P - Oranični ili plužni horizont</li> <li>E ili A2 - Eluvijalni horizont</li> <li>B - Iluvijalni horizont</li> <li>(B) - Kambični horizont</li> <li>G - Glejni horizont</li> <li>g - Pseudoglejni horizont</li> <li>T - Tresetni horizont</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boja_zemljišta"><span id="Boja_zemlji.C5.A1ta"></span>Boja zemljišta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Boja zemljišta”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Boja zemljišta"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Боја">Boja</a> je najupadljivija fizičko-morfološka karakteristika zemljišta, prema kojoj se međusobno razlikuju razni genetski horizonti u zemljišnom profilu, a zavisna je od sadržaja u zemljištu raznih bojenih sastojaka, u znatnom<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stepenu takođe od mehaničkog sastava i od stepena vlažnosti zemljišta. Preovlađuju tri osnovne boje : crna, crvena i bela, sa mnogobrojnim nijansama. Boju daju uglavnom sledeće bojene materije : </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хумус">Humusne</a> materije daju im razne nijanse, od tamno-sive i sivo-smeđe do crne boje</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Оксиди">Oksidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Хидроксиди">hidroksidi</a> gvožđa daju zemljištima crvenu, smeđu do žutu boju</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц">Kvarc</a> daje zemljištima belu do svetlo-sive boje</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fero" title="Fero">Fero</a> jedinjenja daju plavu i zelenu boju</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unutrašnja_građa_pojedinih_horizonata"><span id="Unutra.C5.A1nja_gra.C4.91a_pojedinih_horizonata"></span>Unutrašnja građa pojedinih horizonata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Unutrašnja građa pojedinih horizonata”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Unutrašnja građa pojedinih horizonata"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pod unutrašnjom građom pojedinih horizonata se podrazumeva način pakovanja mehaničkih frakcija i strukturnih agregata zemljišta. Mehanički sastav, struktura, stepen zbijenosti i karakter <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Порозност">poroznosti</a> su najvažnije osobine unutrašnje građe pojedinih horizonata.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na osnovu stepena zbijenosti, građa zemljišta se deli na sipkava, rastresita, zbijena i jako zbijena . Na osnovu karaktera poroznosti, građa zemljišta se deli na: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23532679"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Sitno porozna(pore prečnika) <b><1mm</b></li> <li>Porozna(pore prečnika) <b>1-3mm</b></li> <li>Sunđerasta(pore prečnika) <b>3-5mm</b></li> <li>Šupljikasta(pore prečnika) <b>5-10mm</b></li> <li>Krupno šupljikasta(pore prečnika) <b>>10mm</b></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifična_novoobrazovana_zemljišta"><span id="Specifi.C4.8Dna_novoobrazovana_zemlji.C5.A1ta"></span>Specifična novoobrazovana zemljišta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уредите одељак „Specifična novoobrazovana zemljišta”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: Specifična novoobrazovana zemljišta"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specifičnim novoobrazovanjima zemljišta nazivaju se nakupine raznih materija u zemljišnim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porama (страница не постоји)">porama</a> i na površinama strukturnih agregata, obrazovane u rezultatu proticanja raznih pedogenetskih procesa, uglavnom iluvacije rastvorenih materija, kao i tragovi rada zemljine faune . Prema njohovom poreklu, izdvajaju se dve grupe specifičnih novoobrazovanja zemljišta : Hemijska i biogena. </p> <ul><li><b>Hemijska novoobrazovanja</b> obuhvataju veliki broj raznih materija koje se premeštaju po dubini zemljišnog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Profil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Profil (страница не постоји)">profila</a>. Talože se i nakupljaju u zemljišnim porama kao i na površinama strukturnih <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Агрегат">agregata</a>, najčešće u iluvijalnim horizontima zemljišta. Javljaju se u raznim formama: iscvetanjima na površini zemljišta, proslojcima gipsa, krečnog pseudomicelijuma i konkrecija, sitnih zrnaca i konkrecija <a href="/wiki/Gvo%C5%BE%C4%91e(II)_hidroksid" title="Gvožđe(II) hidroksid">feri</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangan_hidroksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangan hidroksid (страница не постоји)">mangan hidroksida</a>.</li> <li><b>Biološka novoobrazovanja</b> se javljaju u formi ekskremenata glista i larvi insekata, hodnika kišnih glista i drugih zemljišnih rovki kao i šupljika zaostalih posle mineralizacije biljnih korena.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Umeci_u_zemljištu"><span id="Umeci_u_zemlji.C5.A1tu"></span>Umeci u zemljištu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уредите одељак „Umeci u zemljištu”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: Umeci u zemljištu"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umeci predstavljaju strana tela u zemljišnom profilu, koja su u njega dospela na razne načine. Među umetke spadaju neraspadnuti ljudski i životinjski ostaci, zatim ljušture puževa i školjki itd. Меđutim većina umetaka u zemljištima su antropogenog porekla. U zemljištima dospevaju na razne načine. Značaj umetaka u zemljištu je mali sa aspekta determinacije zemljišta . U zadnje vreme je sve veće interesovanje za umetke, jer je većina umetaka na tržištu veoma skupa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уредите одељак „Reference”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди извор одељка: Reference"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223113957/http://nasport.pmf.ni.ac.rs/materijali/746/7.%20Nastanak,%20sastav%20i%20osobine%20zemlji%C5%A1ta_opt.pdf">„Nastanak, sastav i osobine zemljišta”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasport.pmf.ni.ac.rs/materijali/746/7.%20Nastanak,%20sastav%20i%20osobine%20zemlji%C5%A1ta_opt.pdf">оригинала</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 23. 12. 2015. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">30. 05. 2016</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AMorfologija+zemlji%C5%A1ta&rft.btitle=Nastanak%2C+sastav+i+osobine+zemlji%C5%A1ta&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnasport.pmf.ni.ac.rs%2Fmaterijali%2F746%2F7.%2520Nastanak%2C%2520sastav%2520i%2520osobine%2520zemlji%25C5%25A1ta_opt.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buol, Stanley W.; Southard, Randal J.; Graham, Robert C.; McDaniel, Paul A. (2003). <i>Soil Genesis and Classification, 5th Edition</i>. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press, A Blackwell Pub. Co. стр. 494. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-8138-2873-2" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-8138-2873-2">0-8138-2873-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AMorfologija+zemlji%C5%A1ta&rft.au=Graham%2C+Robert+C.&rft.au=McDaniel%2C+Paul+A.&rft.au=Southard%2C+Randal+J.&rft.aufirst=Stanley+W.&rft.aulast=Buol&rft.btitle=Soil+Genesis+and+Classification%2C+5th+Edition&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8138-2873-2&rft.pages=494&rft.place=Ames%2C+Iowa&rft.pub=Iowa+State+Press%2C++A+Blackwell+Pub.+Co.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgt.uns.ac.rs/download/osnped_morfsvojteren.pdf">„Morfološka svojstva i terensko istraživanje zemljišta”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AMorfologija+zemlji%C5%A1ta&rft.btitle=Morfolo%C5%A1ka+svojstva+i+terensko+istra%C5%BEivanje+zemlji%C5%A1ta&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgt.uns.ac.rs%2Fdownload%2Fosnped_morfsvojteren.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Мртва веза"><span title=" Ова веза је мртва и треба је или поправити или уклонити (јун 2020)">мртва веза</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705024418/http://pedologija.com.hr/literatura/Pedologija/Morfologija.pdf">„Pedomorfologija”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pedologija.com.hr/literatura/Pedologija/Morfologija.pdf">оригинала</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 05. 07. 2016. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">30. 05. 2016</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AMorfologija+zemlji%C5%A1ta&rft.btitle=Pedomorfologija&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpedologija.com.hr%2Fliteratura%2FPedologija%2FMorfologija.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zoran Andrić. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/9032533/POSTANAK_ZEMLJI%C5%A0TA_GENEZA_I_EVOLUCIJA">„Postanak zemljišta – Geneza i evolucija”</a>. Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AMorfologija+zemlji%C5%A1ta&rft.au=Zoran+Andri%C4%87&rft.btitle=Postanak+zemlji%C5%A1ta+%E2%80%93+Geneza+i+evolucija&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Academia.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9032533%2FPOSTANAK_ZEMLJI%25C5%25A0TA_GENEZA_I_EVOLUCIJA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Уредите одељак „Literatura”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfologija_zemlji%C5%A1ta&action=edit&section=7" title="Уреди извор одељка: Literatura"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aleksandar Đorđević, Svjetlana Radmanović (2016): Pedologija</li> <li>Husnija Resulović, Hamid Čustović (2002) : Pedologija</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25469611">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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