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class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/revelation/22-1.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/revelation/">Revelation</a> > <a href="/revelation/22.htm">Chapter 22</a> > Verse 1</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad1.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/revelation/21-27.htm" title="Revelation 21:27">◄</a> Revelation 22:1 <a href="/revelation/22-2.htm" title="Revelation 22:2">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Greek </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/revelation/22.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/revelation/22.htm">New International Version</a> Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/nlt/revelation/22.htm">New Living Translation</a> Then the angel showed me a river with the water of life, clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/esv/revelation/22.htm">English Standard Version</a> Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/bsb/revelation/22.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/blb/revelation/22.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> And he showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, flowing out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/kjv/revelation/22.htm">King James Bible</a> And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/nkjv/revelation/22.htm">New King James Version</a> And he showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding from the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/nasb_/revelation/22.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> And he showed me a river of the water of life, clear as crystal, coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/nasb/revelation/22.htm">NASB 1995</a> Then he showed me a river of the water of life, clear as crystal, coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/nasb77/revelation/22.htm">NASB 1977 </a> And he showed me a river of the water of life, clear as crystal, coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/lsb/revelation/22.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> Then he showed me a river of the water of life, bright as crystal, coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/amp/revelation/22.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb (Christ), <a href="/csb/revelation/22.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> Then he showed me the river of the water of life, clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/hcsb/revelation/22.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> Then he showed me the river of living water, sparkling like crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/asv/revelation/22.htm">American Standard Version</a> And he showed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/cev/revelation/22.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> The angel showed me a river that was crystal clear, and its waters gave life. The river came from the throne where God and the Lamb were seated. <a href="/erv/revelation/22.htm">English Revised Version</a> And he shewed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/gwt/revelation/22.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> The angel showed me a river filled with the water of life, as clear as crystal. It was flowing from the throne of God and the lamb. <a href="/gnt/revelation/22.htm">Good News Translation</a> The angel also showed me the river of the water of life, sparkling like crystal, and coming from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/isv/revelation/22.htm">International Standard Version</a> Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal. It was flowing from the throne of God and the lamb. <a href="/msb/revelation/22.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Then the angel showed me a pure river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/net/revelation/22.htm">NET Bible</a> Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life--water as clear as crystal--pouring out from the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/nheb/revelation/22.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> He showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/wbt/revelation/22.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And he showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/wey/revelation/22.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> Then he showed me the river of the Water of Life, bright as crystal, issuing from the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/web/revelation/22.htm">World English Bible</a> He showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb, <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/revelation/22.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And he showed me [the] river of [the] water of life, radiant as crystal, going forth out of the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/blb/revelation/22.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> And he showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, flowing out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/ylt/revelation/22.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, bright as crystal, going forth out of the throne of God and of the Lamb: <a href="/slt/revelation/22.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And he showed me the pure river of the water of life, shining as crystal, going out of the throne of God and of the Lamb.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/revelation/22.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And he showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding from the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/cpdv/revelation/22.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> And he showed me the river of the water of life, shining like crystal, proceeding from the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/nabre/revelation/22.htm">New American Bible</a> Then the angel showed me the river of life-giving water, sparkling like crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb <a href="/nrsvce/revelation/22.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/revelation/22.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> AND he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, gushing out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/22.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> And he showed me a river of the water of life, pure and clear as crystal, and it went out from the throne of God and of the Lamb.<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/revelation/22.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> And he showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, coming out from the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/godbey/revelation/22.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> And he shewed me a river of the water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out from the throne of God and the Lamb. <a href="/haweis/revelation/22.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> AND he shewed me a clear river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/mace/revelation/22.htm">Mace New Testament</a> Then he shewed me a pure river of living water, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God, and of the lamb. <a href="/wey/revelation/22.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> Then he showed me the river of the Water of Life, bright as crystal, issuing from the throne of God and of the Lamb. <a href="/worrell/revelation/22.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> And he showed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, issuing forth out of the throne of God and of the Lamb, <a href="/worsley/revelation/22.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> And he shewed me a pure river of the water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God, and of the Lamb. <a href="/parallel/revelation/22-1.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LJfD7KQcx0I?start=4696" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/revelation/22.htm">The River of Life</a> 1<a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: Kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">Then</a> <a href="/greek/1166.htm" title="1166: edeixen (V-AIA-3S) -- A prolonged form of an obsolete primary of the same meaning; to show.">the angel showed</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: moi (PPro-D1S) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">me</a> <a href="/greek/4215.htm" title="4215: potamon (N-AMS) -- A river, torrent, stream. Probably from a derivative of the alternate of pino; a current, brook or freshet, i.e. Running water.">a river</a> <a href="/greek/5204.htm" title="5204: hydatos (N-GNS) -- Water. And genitive case, hudatos, etc. From the base of huetos; water literally or figuratively.">of the water</a> <a href="/greek/2222.htm" title="2222: zōēs (N-GFS) -- Life, both of physical (present) and of spiritual (particularly future) existence. From zao; life.">of life,</a> <a href="/greek/2986.htm" title="2986: lampron (Adj-AMS) -- From the same as lampas; radiant; by analogy, limpid; figuratively, magnificent or sumptuous.">as clear</a> <a href="/greek/5613.htm" title="5613: hōs (Adv) -- Probably adverb of comparative from hos; which how, i.e. In that manner.">as</a> <a href="/greek/2930.htm" title="2930: krystallon (N-AMS) -- Crystal. From a derivative of kruos; ice, i.e. rock crystal.">crystal,</a> <a href="/greek/1607.htm" title="1607: ekporeuomenon (V-PPM/P-AMS) -- From ek and poreuomai; to depart, be discharged, proceed, project.">flowing</a> <a href="/greek/1537.htm" title="1537: ek (Prep) -- From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out.">from</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/2362.htm" title="2362: thronou (N-GMS) -- From thrao; a stately seat; by implication, power or a potentate.">throne</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2316.htm" title="2316: Theou (N-GMS) -- A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.">of God</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">and</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GNS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">of the</a> <a href="/greek/721.htm" title="721: Arniou (N-GNS) -- (originally: a little lamb, but diminutive force was lost), a lamb. Diminutive from aren; a lambkin.">Lamb</a> 2down the middle of the main street of the city. On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/ezekiel/47-1.htm">Ezekiel 47:1-12</a> Then the man brought me back to the entrance of the temple, and I saw water flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water was coming down from under the south side of the temple, south of the altar. / Next he brought me out through the north gate and led me around the outside to the outer gate facing east, and there I saw the water trickling out from the south side. / As the man went eastward with a measuring line in his hand, he measured off a thousand cubits and led me through ankle-deep water. ... <a href="/genesis/2-10.htm">Genesis 2:10</a> Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it branched into four headwaters: <a href="/zechariah/14-8.htm">Zechariah 14:8</a> And on that day living water will flow out from Jerusalem, half of it toward the Eastern Sea and the other half toward the Western Sea, in summer and winter alike. <a href="/psalms/46-4.htm">Psalm 46:4</a> There is a river whose streams delight the city of God, the holy place where the Most High dwells. <a href="/john/4-14.htm">John 4:14</a> But whoever drinks the water I give him will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give him will become in him a fount of water springing up to eternal life.” <a href="/john/7-38.htm">John 7:38-39</a> Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said: ‘Streams of living water will flow from within him.’” / He was speaking about the Spirit, whom those who believed in Him were later to receive. For the Spirit had not yet been given, because Jesus had not yet been glorified. <a href="/isaiah/55-1.htm">Isaiah 55:1</a> “Come, all you who are thirsty, come to the waters; and you without money, come, buy, and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without cost! <a href="/joel/3-18.htm">Joel 3:18</a> And in that day the mountains will drip with sweet wine, and the hills will flow with milk. All the streams of Judah will run with water, and a spring will flow from the house of the LORD to water the Valley of Acacias. <a href="/psalms/36-8.htm">Psalm 36:8-9</a> They feast on the abundance of Your house, and You give them drink from Your river of delights. / For with You is the fountain of life; in Your light we see light. <a href="/jeremiah/2-13.htm">Jeremiah 2:13</a> “For My people have committed two evils: They have forsaken Me, the fountain of living water, and they have dug their own cisterns—broken cisterns that cannot hold water. <a href="/revelation/7-17.htm">Revelation 7:17</a> For the Lamb in the center of the throne will be their shepherd. ‘He will lead them to springs of living water,’ and ‘God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.’” <a href="/revelation/21-6.htm">Revelation 21:6</a> And He told me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the thirsty I will give freely from the spring of the water of life. <a href="/revelation/21-1.htm">Revelation 21:1-2</a> Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. / I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. <a href="/revelation/21-10.htm">Revelation 21:10-11</a> And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God, / shining with the glory of God. Its radiance was like a most precious jewel, like a jasper, as clear as crystal. <a href="/revelation/21-23.htm">Revelation 21:23</a> And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, because the glory of God illuminates the city, and the Lamb is its lamp.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And he showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb.A pure.<a href="/psalms/36-8.htm">Psalm 36:8</a> They shall be abundantly satisfied with the fatness of thy house; and thou shalt make them drink of the river of thy pleasures.<a href="/psalms/46-4.htm">Psalm 46:4</a> There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High.<a href="/isaiah/41-18.htm">Isaiah 41:18</a> I will open rivers in high places, and fountains in the midst of the valleys: I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.water.<a href="/revelation/7-17.htm">Revelation 7:17</a> For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters: and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes.<a href="/revelation/21-6.htm">Revelation 21:6</a> And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.<a href="/psalms/36-9.htm">Psalm 36:9</a> For with thee is the fountain of life: in thy light shall we see light.clear.<a href="/revelation/21-11.htm">Revelation 21:11</a> Having the glory of God: and her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone, clear as crystal;proceeding.<a href="/revelation/3-21.htm">Revelation 3:21</a> To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne.<a href="/revelation/4-5.htm">Revelation 4:5</a> And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.<a href="/revelation/5-6.htm">Revelation 5:6,13</a> And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/revelation/21-17.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/revelation/21-11.htm">Bright</a> <a href="/revelation/21-21.htm">Clear</a> <a href="/revelation/21-11.htm">Crystal</a> <a href="/luke/20-46.htm">Flowing</a> <a href="/revelation/19-21.htm">Forth</a> <a href="/revelation/21-21.htm">Glass</a> <a href="/revelation/21-12.htm">High</a> <a href="/revelation/16-13.htm">Issuing</a> <a href="/revelation/21-6.htm">Life</a> <a href="/revelation/19-21.htm">Proceeding</a> <a href="/revelation/21-21.htm">Pure</a> <a href="/revelation/16-12.htm">River</a> <a href="/revelation/21-5.htm">Seat</a> <a href="/revelation/21-10.htm">Shewed</a> <a href="/revelation/21-10.htm">Showed</a> <a href="/revelation/21-5.htm">Throne</a> <a href="/revelation/21-6.htm">Water</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/revelation/22-6.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/revelation/22-16.htm">Bright</a> <a href="/genesis/11-7.htm">Clear</a> <a href="/job/28-17.htm">Crystal</a> <a href="/genesis/7-6.htm">Flowing</a> <a href="/genesis/1-11.htm">Forth</a> <a href="/job/28-17.htm">Glass</a> <a href="/revelation/22-3.htm">High</a> <a href="/job/38-8.htm">Issuing</a> <a href="/revelation/22-2.htm">Life</a> <a href="/exodus/37-18.htm">Proceeding</a> <a href="/exodus/25-11.htm">Pure</a> <a href="/revelation/22-2.htm">River</a> <a href="/revelation/22-3.htm">Seat</a> <a href="/revelation/22-8.htm">Shewed</a> <a href="/revelation/22-8.htm">Showed</a> <a href="/revelation/22-3.htm">Throne</a> <a href="/revelation/22-17.htm">Water</a><div class="vheading2">Revelation 22</div>1. <a href="/revelation/22-1.htm">The river of the water of life.</a> 2. <a href="/revelation/22-2.htm">The tree of life.</a> 5. <a href="/revelation/22-5.htm">The light of the city of God is himself.</a> 7. <a href="/revelation/22-7.htm">Jesus Is Coming.</a> 9. <a href="/revelation/22-9.htm">The angel will not be worshipped.</a> 18. <a href="/revelation/22-18.htm">Nothing may be added to the word of God, nor taken away.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/revelation/22.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/revelation/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/revelation/22.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>Then the angel showed me This phrase indicates a continuation of the vision given to John, the author of Revelation. The angel serves as a divine messenger, guiding John through the heavenly revelations. Angels frequently appear in biblical texts as intermediaries between God and humans, emphasizing the divine origin and authority of the message being conveyed.a river of the water of life The imagery of a river of life is reminiscent of the Garden of Eden, where a river flowed out to water the garden (<a href="/genesis/2-10.htm">Genesis 2:10</a>). It symbolizes eternal life and the sustenance provided by God. In the prophetic literature, such as <a href="/ezekiel/47.htm">Ezekiel 47:1-12</a>, a river flowing from the temple is depicted, bringing life wherever it goes. This river represents the spiritual life and renewal that comes from God.as clear as crystal The clarity of the water signifies purity and holiness. In biblical symbolism, crystal often represents something that is pure and unblemished. This purity reflects the nature of God and the perfection of the new creation, free from sin and corruption.flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb The source of the river is the throne, indicating that life and sustenance come directly from God and the Lamb, who is Jesus Christ. The throne symbolizes authority and sovereignty, and its mention here underscores the divine rule and the centrality of God and Christ in the new creation. The Lamb is a title for Jesus, emphasizing His role as the sacrificial Savior, as seen in <a href="/john/1-29.htm">John 1:29</a> and <a href="/revelation/5-6.htm">Revelation 5:6</a>. This connection highlights the unity and shared authority of God the Father and Jesus Christ in the divine plan of salvation and eternal life.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/t/the_angel.htm">The Angel</a> A divine messenger who guides John in his vision, revealing the heavenly realities. 2. <a href="/topical/t/the_river_of_the_water_of_life.htm">The River of the Water of Life</a> Symbolizes eternal life and the sustenance provided by God, pure and life-giving. 3. <a href="/topical/t/the_throne_of_god_and_of_the_lamb.htm">The Throne of God and of the Lamb</a> Represents the authority and sovereignty of God and Jesus Christ, the Lamb, in the New Jerusalem.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_source_of_life.htm">The Source of Life</a> The river flows from the throne of God and the Lamb, emphasizing that true life and sustenance come from God alone. <a href="/topical/p/purity_and_clarity.htm">Purity and Clarity</a> The water is described as "clear as crystal," symbolizing the purity and holiness of God's provision. <a href="/topical/e/eternal_sustenance.htm">Eternal Sustenance</a> Just as physical water sustains life, the water of life represents the eternal sustenance and satisfaction found in a relationship with God. <a href="/topical/u/unity_of_god_and_the_lamb.htm">Unity of God and the Lamb</a> The shared throne of God and the Lamb highlights the unity and co-reign of the Father and the Son in the divine plan of salvation. <a href="/topical/i/invitation_to_all.htm">Invitation to All</a> The imagery of the river invites all who are thirsty to come and receive the life that God offers freely through Christ.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_revelation_22.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Revelation 22</a> <a href="/q/inconsistencies_in_ezekiel_1_vs._isaiah_6.htm">Are there any inconsistencies between Ezekiel's vision (Ezekiel 1) and visions of divine glory in other scriptural passages, such as Isaiah 6 or Revelation 4?</a> <a href="/q/what's_river_of_life's_main_theme.htm">What is the central theme of River of Life?</a> <a href="/q/what_is_monergism_in_salvation.htm">What is the significance of the Water of Life?</a> <a href="/q/why_aren't_ezekiel_47's_miracles_recorded.htm">Ezekiel 47:1–12: Why do no external historical records mention these miraculous changes to the land, casting doubt on a literal fulfillment of this prophecy?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/revelation/22.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(1) And he shewed me a pure river . . .--The adjective "pure" must be omitted, as it is wanting in the best MSS. The river is full of water, and that water is the emblem of life: it is the beautiful symbol of life in its gladness, purity, activity, and fulness. The garden of Eden (<a href="/genesis/2-10.htm" title="And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it was parted, and became into four heads.">Genesis 2:10</a>) had its river. Even in the wilderness Israel had from the smitten rock the water which gushed out like a river (<a href="/psalms/105-41.htm" title="He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.">Psalm 105:41</a>). Prophets, in their pictures of the ages of blessing, almost invariably introduced the river, or broad stream. Joel saw a fountain out of the house of the Lord (<a href="/joel/3-18.htm" title="And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow with waters, and a fountain shall come forth out of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim.">Joel 3:18</a>). Zechariah spoke of living waters from Jerusalem (<a href="/zechariah/14-8.htm" title="And it shall be in that day, that living waters shall go out from Jerusalem; half of them toward the former sea, and half of them toward the hinder sea: in summer and in winter shall it be.">Zechariah 14:8</a>); but Ezekiel had the fullest vision when he beheld the stream which deepened and broadened in its onward progress from under the threshold of the house of God, and carried life in its train: everything lived whither the water came (<a href="/ezekiel/47-9.htm" title="And it shall come to pass, that every thing that lives, which moves, wherever the rivers shall come, shall live: and there shall be a very great multitude of fish, because these waters shall come thither: for they shall be healed; and every thing shall live where the river comes.">Ezekiel 47:9</a>); thus did all prophets speak of the river of God's pleasures (<a href="/psalms/36-8.htm" title="They shall be abundantly satisfied with the fatness of your house; and you shall make them drink of the river of your pleasures.">Psalm 36:8</a>). The teaching of our Lord threw new light on the prophetic imagery; the pure delights of spiritual joy and communion with God were vouchsafed to men by the presence of the Holy Spirit, the Giver of Life. In the bestowal of that spirit of life did Christ give true satisfaction to the thirsting souls of men. (Comp. <a href="/context/john/4-10.htm" title="Jesus answered and said to her, If you knew the gift of God, and who it is that said to you, Give me to drink; you would have asked of him, and he would have given you living water.">John 4:10-14, Joh_7:37-39</a>.) The source of the river is in the throne. Ezekiel's river took rise in the temple; but in our vision there is no temple (<a href="/revelation/21-22.htm" title="And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it.">Revelation 21:22</a>). We are brought nearer, even to the throne: it is the throne (not "thrones")--one throne of God and the Lamb. (Comp. <a href="/revelation/3-21.htm" title="To him that overcomes will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne.">Revelation 3:21</a>.) . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/revelation/22.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 1. - And he showed me a pure river. Omit "pure." "And" connects this part of the vision with what precedes (<a href="/revelation/21-9.htm">Revelation 21:9-27</a>). It would have been better, perhaps, if the twenty-first chapter had included the first five verses of the twenty-second, so as to take in the whole of the description of the heavenly Jerusalem. But there is a break at this point, as is indicated by the repetition of "And he showed me," which points to a new phase or section of the vision. In the previous section (<a href="/revelation/21-9.htm">Revelation 21:9-27</a>) the angel had showed St. John the city and its wails with their gates and foundations; in this section he shows him the river of the water of life, and the tree of life. The latter part of each section is occupied with the evangelist's own observations (<a href="/revelation/21-22.htm">Revelation 21:22-27</a>; <a href="/revelation/22-3.htm">Revelation 22:3-5</a>), for we cannot suppose that the phrase, "these words," in ver. 6, is intended to apply specially to anything in these particular sections. He is the angel mentioned in ver. 9, and again referred to in vers. 10, 15, 16, 17. Most probably the pronoun "he" in ver. 6 does not refer to the same angel as this one. River. The source of this stream, its course or channel, and its fertile banks, are mentioned or implied in what follows; but there is no reference to any estuary or mouth: eternity is the ocean in which this river is lost. Of water of life. Ὕδωρ ζωῆς is perhaps identical in meaning with "living water," ὕδωρ ζῶν, but is properly distinguished from it in translation. The two expressions are peculiar to St. John's writings in the New Testament; the genitival form, which is the more Hebraizing, only occurs in this book in <a href="/revelation/7-17.htm">Revelation 7:17</a>; <a href="/revelation/21-6.htm">Revelation 21:6</a>; <a href="/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1, 17</a>; whereas the participial and more classical form is confined to the Gospel (<a href="/john/4-10.htm">John 4:10</a>; <a href="/john/7-38.htm">John 7:38</a>). "Living water," in its simplest literalness, means such water as is pure, flowing, clear, fresh, and wholesome; not stagnant, or turbid, or salt. Hence it is a proper term for the water of a beautiful and fertilizing river. Here, however, the genitival form reminds us of the familiar expression, similarly moulded, "the tree of life," which inclines us to think that" water of life" signifies water possessing life giving powers, water which restores, refreshes, supports life, and is therefore to be compared with "living water" taken in its spiritual sense. Of this whosoever drinketh shall never thirst again; when it has been once received within the soul, it becomes a well of water springing up into everlasting life (<a href="/john/4-14.htm">John 4:14</a>). Clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb; clear, or transparent. We seldom use the rendering of the Revised Version, bright, as an epithet of water. As crystal (see note on Revelation 4:6, the only other place in the New Testament where the word occurs). The source of the river was in the Divine throne, the seat of the Triune God and the crucified Saviour. All eternal life is derived from our heavenly Father by the Holy Spirit for the sake of the Redeemer. <a href="/commentaries/revelation/22-1.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>Then Καὶ (Kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. [the angel] showed ἔδειξέν (edeixen) Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1166.htm">Strong's 1166: </a> A prolonged form of an obsolete primary of the same meaning; to show. me μοι (moi) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. a river ποταμὸν (potamon) Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4215.htm">Strong's 4215: </a> A river, torrent, stream. Probably from a derivative of the alternate of pino; a current, brook or freshet, i.e. Running water. of the water ὕδατος (hydatos) Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5204.htm">Strong's 5204: </a> Water. And genitive case, hudatos, etc. From the base of huetos; water literally or figuratively. of life, ζωῆς (zōēs) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2222.htm">Strong's 2222: </a> Life, both of physical (present) and of spiritual (particularly future) existence. From zao; life. as clear λαμπρὸν (lampron) Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2986.htm">Strong's 2986: </a> From the same as lampas; radiant; by analogy, limpid; figuratively, magnificent or sumptuous. as ὡς (hōs) Adverb <a href="/greek/strongs_5613.htm">Strong's 5613: </a> Probably adverb of comparative from hos; which how, i.e. In that manner. crystal, κρύσταλλον (krystallon) Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2930.htm">Strong's 2930: </a> Crystal. From a derivative of kruos; ice, i.e. rock 'crystal'. flowing ἐκπορευόμενον (ekporeuomenon) Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1607.htm">Strong's 1607: </a> From ek and poreuomai; to depart, be discharged, proceed, project. from ἐκ (ek) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1537.htm">Strong's 1537: </a> From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out. the τοῦ (tou) Article - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. throne θρόνου (thronou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2362.htm">Strong's 2362: </a> From thrao; a stately seat; by implication, power or a potentate. of God Θεοῦ (Theou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2316.htm">Strong's 2316: </a> A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very. and καὶ (kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. of the τοῦ (tou) Article - Genitive Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. Lamb Ἀρνίου (Arniou) Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_721.htm">Strong's 721: </a> (originally: a little lamb, but diminutive force was lost), a lamb. Diminutive from aren; a lambkin. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/revelation/22-1.htm">NT Prophecy: Revelation 22:1 He showed me a river of water (Rev. Re Apocalypse)</a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/revelation/21-27.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Revelation 21:27"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Revelation 21:27" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/revelation/22-2.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Revelation 22:2"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Revelation 22:2" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>