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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">William Calley</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;width:315px;float:right;clear:right;border-spacing:2px;font-size:90%"> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:#B0C4DE"><span class="fn">William Calley</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em"><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William-Calley.jpg" class="image"><img alt="William-Calley.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/William-Calley.jpg/220px-William-Calley.jpg" width="220" height="329" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/William-Calley.jpg/330px-William-Calley.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/William-Calley.jpg/440px-William-Calley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="700"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th> <td class="nickname">William Laws Calley, Jr.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1em">Born</th> <td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1943-06-08</span>)</span> June 8, 1943 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">(age 71)</span><br/> <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami,_Florida" title="Miami, Florida" class="mw-redirect">Miami</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th> <td><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1em">Service/branch</th> <td><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1em">Rank</th> <td><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lieutenant#United_States" title="Second Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect">Second Lieutenant</a><sup id="cite_ref-crdl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crdl-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1em">Unit</th> <td>Company C, 1st Battalion, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="20th Infantry Regiment (United States)">20th Infantry Regiment</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="11th Infantry Brigade (United States)">11th Infantry Brigade</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Infantry Division (United States)">23rd Infantry Division (Americal)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1em">Battles/wars</th> <td> <p><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Lai_Massacre" title="My Lai Massacre">My Lai Massacre</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <p><b>William Laws Calley, Jr.</b><sup id="cite_ref-crdl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crdl-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> (born June 8, 1943) is a former <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a> found guilty of murdering 22 unarmed <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnamese</a> civilians in the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Lai_Massacre" title="My Lai Massacre">My Lai Massacre</a> on March 16, 1968, during the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. After several reductions, Calley’s original sentence of life in prison was turned into an order of house arrest, but after three years, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Nixon" title="President Nixon" class="mw-redirect">President Nixon</a> reduced his sentence with a presidential pardon.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dailymail.co.uk_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailymail.co.uk-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Military_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Military career</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Murder_trial"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Murder trial</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#House_arrest"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">House arrest</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#After_release"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">After release</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>William L. Calley Jr. was born in Miami, Florida. His father was a <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> veteran of <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Calley graduated from <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Edison_High_School" title="Miami Edison High School">Miami Edison High School</a> in Miami and then attended <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Beach_Community_College" title="Palm Beach Community College" class="mw-redirect">Palm Beach Junior College</a> in 1963. He dropped out in 1964 after receiving unsatisfactory grades, consisting of one C, two Ds, and four Fs.<sup id="cite_ref-Average_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Average-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Calley then worked at a variety of jobs before enlistment, including as a <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellhop" title="Bellhop">bellhop</a>, dishwasher, salesman, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_appraisal" title="Economic appraisal">insurance appraiser</a>, and <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_(transportation)#Train_conductor_.28North_America.29" title="Conductor (transportation)">train conductor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stars.26Stripes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stars.26Stripes-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Military_career">Military career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Calley underwent eight weeks of basic combat training at <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a>, Texas,<sup id="cite_ref-EncycloVietWar149_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncycloVietWar149-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> followed by eight weeks advanced individual training as a company clerk at <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lewis" title="Fort Lewis">Fort Lewis</a>, Washington. Having scored high enough on his <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">Armed Forces Qualification tests</a>, he applied for and was subsequently accepted into <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(U.S._Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (U.S. Army)" class="mw-redirect">Officer Candidate School (OCS)</a>. He then began 26 weeks of junior officer training at Fort Benning in mid-March 1967. Upon graduating from OCS Class No. 51 on September 7, 1967,<sup id="cite_ref-Stars.26Stripes_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stars.26Stripes-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> he was commissioned a <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lieutenant#United_States" title="Second Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect">second lieutenant</a> of <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>. Following his commission, Calley was assigned to Company C, 1st <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="20th Infantry Regiment (United States)">20th Infantry Regiment</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="11th Infantry Brigade (United States)">11th Infantry Brigade</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-crdl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crdl-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> and began training at <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schofield_Barracks,_Hawai%27i" title="Schofield Barracks, Hawai'i" class="mw-redirect">Schofield Barracks</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, in preparation for deployment to <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>.</p> <p>Calley’s evaluations described him as “average” as an officer.<sup id="cite_ref-Average_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Average-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Later, as the My Lai investigation progressed, a more negative picture emerged. Men in his platoon reported to army investigators that Calley lacked <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_sense" title="Common sense">common sense</a> and could not read a map or compass properly.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> A number of men assigned under Calley claimed that because he was so disliked some secretly discussed <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragging" title="Fragging">fragging</a> him.<sup id="cite_ref-dailymail.co.uk_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailymail.co.uk-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Murder_trial">Murder trial</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Murder trial">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:My_Lai_massacre.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/My_Lai_massacre.jpg/220px-My_Lai_massacre.jpg" width="220" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/My_Lai_massacre.jpg/330px-My_Lai_massacre.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/My_Lai_massacre.jpg/440px-My_Lai_massacre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="486"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:My_Lai_massacre.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Photo taken by the Army photographer <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_L._Haeberle" title="Ronald L. Haeberle">Ronald L. Haeberle</a> on March 16, 1968, during the My Lai massacre, showing mostly women and children dead on a road</div> </div> </div> <p>The events in My Lai had initially been covered up by the U.S. Army.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> In April 1969, nearly 13 months after the massacre, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Ridenhour" title="Ron Ridenhour" class="mw-redirect">Ron Ridenhour</a>, a GI who had been with the 11th Brigade, wrote letters to the president, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the secretary of defense. In these letters Ridenhour described some of the atrocities by the soldiers at My Lai that he had been told about.</p> <p>Calley was charged on September 5, 1969, with six specifications of <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premeditated_murder" title="Premeditated murder">premeditated murder</a> for the deaths of 109 South Vietnamese civilians near the village of <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Lai_massacre" title="My Lai massacre" class="mw-redirect">My Lai</a>, at a <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlet</a> called <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_My" title="Son My" class="mw-redirect">Son My</a>, more commonly called My Lai in the U.S. press. As many as 500 villagers—mostly women, children, infants, and the elderly—had been systematically killed by American soldiers during a bloody rampage on March 16, 1968. Upon conviction, Calley could have faced the death penalty. On November 12, 1969, investigative reporter <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour Hersh</a> broke the story<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> and revealed that Calley was charged with murdering 109 Vietnamese.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Calley’s trial started on November 17, 1970. It was the military prosecution’s contention that Calley, in defiance of the rules of engagement, ordered his men to deliberately murder unarmed Vietnamese civilians despite the fact that his men were not under enemy fire at all. Testimony revealed that Calley had ordered the men of 1st Platoon, Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry of the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Infantry Division (United States)">23rd Infantry Division</a> to kill everyone in the village. In presenting the case, the two military prosecutors, Aubrey Daniel and John Partin, were hamstrung by the reluctance of many soldiers to testify against Calley. Some refused to answer questions point-blank on the witness stand by citing the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a> right against self-incrimination.</p> <p>However, one holdout, a soldier in Calley’s unit named Paul Meadlo, after being jailed for contempt of court by the presiding judge, Reid W. Kennedy, reluctantly agreed to testify. In his testimony, Meadlo described that during the day’s events, he was standing guard over a few dozen My Lai villagers when Lt. Calley approached him and ordered him to shoot all the civilians. When Meadlo balked at the orders, Calley backed off 20 feet (6 m) or more and opened fire on the people himself, and Meadlo joined in. Another witness named Dennis Conti, who was also reluctant to testify, described the carnage, claiming that Calley had started it and the rest of the 105 soldiers of Charlie Company followed suit. Another witness, named Leonard Gonzalez, told of seeing one of the soldiers of Calley’s unit herd some men and women villagers together and order them to strip off their clothing. When the villagers refused, the enraged soldier fired a single round from his <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M79_grenade_launcher" title="M79 grenade launcher">M-79</a> grenade launcher into the crowd, killing everyone.</p> <p>Calley’s original defense that the death of the villagers was the result of an accidental <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrike</a> was quashed by the few prosecution witnesses. In his new defense, Calley claimed he was following the orders of his immediate superior, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" title="Captain (U.S. Army)" class="mw-redirect">Captain</a> <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Medina" title="Ernest Medina">Ernest Medina</a>. Whether this order was actually given is disputed; Medina was acquitted of all charges relating to the incident at a separate trial in August 1971. Taking the witness stand, Calley, under the direct examination by his civilian defense lawyer George Latimer, claimed that on the previous day, his commanding officer, Captain Medina, made it clear that his unit was to move into the village and that everyone was to be shot for they all were <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a>. Twenty-one other members of Charlie Company also testified in Calley’s defense, corroborating the orders. But Medina publicly denied that he had ever given such orders and stated that he had meant enemy soldiers, while Calley assumed that his order to “kill the enemy” meant to kill <i>everyone.</i> In his personal statement, Calley stated that</p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>I was ordered to go in there and destroy the enemy. That was my job that day. That was the mission I was given. I did not sit down and think in terms of men, women, and children. They were all classified as the same, and that’s the classification that we dealt with over there, just as the enemy. I felt then and I still do that I acted as I was directed, and I carried out the order that I was given and I do not feel wrong in doing so.</p> </blockquote> <p>After deliberating for 79 hours, the six-officer jury (five of whom had served in Vietnam) convicted him on March 29, 1971, of the premeditated murder of 22 Vietnamese civilians. On March 31, 1971, Calley was sentenced to life imprisonment and hard labor at <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> which includes the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Disciplinary_Barracks" title="United States Disciplinary Barracks">United States Disciplinary Barracks</a>, the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>'s only <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_US_federal_prisons" title="Types of US federal prisons" class="mw-redirect">maximum security prison</a>. Of the 26 officers and soldiers initially charged for their part in the My Lai Massacre or the subsequent cover-up, only Calley was convicted. Many observers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2014)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> saw My Lai as a direct result of the military’s attrition strategy with its emphasis on <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_count" title="Body count">body counts</a> and <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_exchange_ratio" title="Loss exchange ratio">kill ratios</a>.</p> <p>Many in America were outraged by Calley’s sentence. Georgia’s governor, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, instituted American Fighting Man’s Day and asked Georgians to drive for a week with their lights on.<sup id="cite_ref-1970s_84_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1970s_84-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Indiana’s governor asked all state flags to be flown at half-staff for Calley, and Utah’s and Mississippi’s governors also disagreed with the verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-1970s_84_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1970s_84-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, and <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> legislatures requested clemency for Calley.<sup id="cite_ref-1970s_84_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1970s_84-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Alabama’s governor, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>, visited Calley in the stockade and requested that <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Nixon" title="President Nixon" class="mw-redirect">President Nixon</a> pardon him. After the conviction, the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> received over 5,000 telegrams; the ratio was 100 to 1 in favor of leniency.<sup id="cite_ref-Cookman.2C_Claude_2007.2C_p._154-162_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cookman.2C_Claude_2007.2C_p._154-162-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> In a telephone survey of the American public, 79 percent disagreed with the verdict, 81 percent believed that the life sentence Calley had received was too stern, and 69 percent believed Calley had been made a <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapegoat" title="Scapegoat">scapegoat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cookman.2C_Claude_2007.2C_p._154-162_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cookman.2C_Claude_2007.2C_p._154-162-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Many others were outraged not at Calley’s guilty verdict, but that he was the only one within the chain of command who was convicted. At the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Soldier_Investigation" title="Winter Soldier Investigation">Winter Soldier Investigation</a> in Detroit organized by <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Against_the_War" title="Vietnam Veterans Against the War">Vietnam Veterans Against the War</a> January 31–February 2, 1971, veterans expressed their outrage, including 1st Lt. William Crandell of the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/199th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="199th Infantry Brigade (United States)">199th Light Infantry Brigade</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Infantry Division (United States)">Americal Division</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>We intend to tell who it was that gave us those orders; that created that policy; that set that standard of war bordering on full and final genocide. We intend to demonstrate that My Lai was no unusual occurrence, other than, perhaps, the number of victims killed all in one place, all at one time, all by one platoon of us. We intend to show that the policies of <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Infantry Division (United States)">Americal Division</a>, which inevitably resulted in My Lai, were the policies of other Army and Marine divisions as well. We intend to show that war crimes in Vietnam did not start in March 1968, or in the village of Son My or with one Lieutenant William Calley. We intend to indict those really responsible for My Lai, for Vietnam, for attempted genocide.</p> </blockquote> <p>In a recollection of the Vietnam War, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">South Korean Vietnam Expeditionary Forces</a> commanding officer <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chae_Myung_Shin" title="Chae Myung Shin" class="mw-redirect">Chae Myung Shin</a> stated, “Calley tried to get revenge for the deaths of his troops. In a war, this is natural.”<sup id="cite_ref-nw20000410_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nw20000410-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Colonel <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_G._Summers,_Jr." title="Harry G. Summers, Jr.">Harry G. Summers, Jr.</a> declared that Calley and Medina should have been hanged, drawn, and quartered, with their remains placed “at the gates of Fort Benning, at the Infantry School, as a reminder to those who pass under it of what an infantry officer ought to be.”<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="House_arrest">House arrest</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: House arrest">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40"/></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">section of a biographical article</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help by adding <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced <b>must be removed immediately</b>, especially if potentially <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">libelous</a> or harmful.</span> <small><i>(August 2009)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <p>On April 1, 1971, only a day after Calley was sentenced, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> ordered him transferred from Leavenworth prison to <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a> at Fort Benning, pending appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> This leniency was protested by <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">Melvin Laird</a>, the secretary of defense. On August 20, 1971, the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convening_authority_(court-martial)" title="Convening authority (court-martial)">convening authority</a>—the commanding general of Fort Benning—reduced Calley’s sentence to 20 years. The Court of Military Review affirmed both the conviction and sentence (46 C.M.R. 1131 (1973)). The <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Army" title="Secretary of the Army" class="mw-redirect">Secretary of the Army</a> reviewed the sentence and findings and approved both, but in a separate <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemency" title="Clemency" class="mw-redirect">clemency</a> action commuted confinement to 10 years. On May 3, 1974, President Nixon notified the secretary that he had reviewed the case and determined he would take no further action in the matter.</p> <p>Ultimately, Calley served only three and a half years of house arrest in his quarters at Fort Benning. He petitioned the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">federal district court</a> for <i><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i> on February 11, 1974, which was granted on September 25, 1974, along with his immediate release, by federal judge <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Robert_Elliott" title="J. Robert Elliott">J. Robert Elliott</a>. Judge Elliott found that Calley’s trial had been prejudiced by pretrial publicity, denial of <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenas</a> of certain defense witnesses, refusal of the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> to release testimony taken in executive session of its My Lai investigation, and inadequate notice of the charges. (The judge had released Calley on bail on February 27, 1974, but an appeals court reversed it and returned Calley to U.S. Army custody on June 13, 1974.) Later in 1974, President Nixon tacitly issued Calley a limited <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_pardon" title="Presidential pardon" class="mw-redirect">presidential pardon</a>. Consequently, his general court-martial conviction and dismissal from the U.S. Army were upheld; however, the prison sentence and subsequent parole obligations were commuted to time served, leaving Calley a free man.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>At his release, the press eagerly awaited his arrival at the prison’s South Gate, as promised by the prison commandant. Instead, at Calley’s request, he was released at West Gate and taken directly to the airfield, where his escort had him flown home. The press were notified of his departure after the fact.</p> <p>The Army appealed against Judge Elliott’s decision to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and asked an appeals judge to stay Calley’s immediate release, which was granted. However, the full court upheld the release pending appeal and decided the entire court would hear the appeal (normally not done in the first instance). The Army won a reversal of Judge Elliott’s <i><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i> grant and a reinstatement of the judgment of the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courts-martial" title="Courts-martial" class="mw-redirect">courts-martial</a>, with five judges dissenting. (Calley v. Callaway, 519 F.2d 184, 9/10/1975). In a long and extremely detailed careful opinion, the reviewing court disagreed with Judge Elliott on the law and significantly on Elliott’s scope of review of the courts-martial proceedings. On November 9, 1974, the court noted that although by now Calley had been “paroled” from confinement by the Army, that did not moot the <i>habeas corpus</i> proceedings.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="After_release">After release</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After release">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Sometime in 2005 or 2006, Calley divorced his wife, Penny, whose father had employed him at the V.V. Vick jewelry store in <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Georgia" title="Columbus, Georgia">Columbus, Georgia</a>, since 1975, and moved to downtown <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> to live with his son, William Laws Calley III.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> In October 2007, Calley agreed to be interviewed by the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK" title="UK" class="mw-redirect">UK</a> newspaper the <i><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> to discuss the massacre, saying, “Meet me in the lobby of the nearest bank at opening time tomorrow, and give me a certified check for $25,000, then I’ll talk to you for precisely one hour.”<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> When the journalist arrived to question Calley without a check, Calley left.</p> <p>On August 19, 2009, while speaking to the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwanis_Club" title="Kiwanis Club" class="mw-redirect">Kiwanis Club</a> of Greater Columbus, Calley issued an apology for his role in the My Lai massacre. Calley said:</p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>There is not a day that goes by that I do not feel remorse for what happened that day in My Lai. I feel remorse for the Vietnamese who were killed, for their families, for the American soldiers involved and their families. I am very sorry.... If you are asking why I did not stand up to them when I was given the orders, I will have to say that I was a 2nd Lieutenant getting orders from my commander and I followed them—foolishly, I guess.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tr style="vertical-align:middle"> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_Department_of_the_Army_Seal.svg" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/United_States_Department_of_the_Army_Seal.svg/28px-United_States_Department_of_the_Army_Seal.svg.png" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/United_States_Department_of_the_Army_Seal.svg/42px-United_States_Department_of_the_Army_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/United_States_Department_of_the_Army_Seal.svg/56px-United_States_Department_of_the_Army_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"/></a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States_Army" title="Portal:United States Army">United States Army portal</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Andreotta" title="Glenn Andreotta">Glenn Andreotta</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Colburn" title="Lawrence Colburn">Lawrence Colburn</a>, and <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thompson,_Jr." title="Hugh Thompson, Jr.">Hugh Thompson, Jr.</a>—U.S. helicopter crew members who intervened to stop the My Lai killings</li> <li><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_W._Koster" title="Samuel W. Koster">Samuel Koster</a>—commanding officer of the Americal Division</li> <li><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W_Donaldson" title="John W Donaldson">John W Donaldson</a> - later commander of the 11th Infantry Brigade who in 1971 was accused and acquitted of killing 6 Vietnamese civilians in 1968/9</li> <li><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Nelson_(musician)" title="Terry Nelson (musician)">Terry Nelson</a>—<a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-hit_wonder" title="One-hit wonder">one-hit wonder</a> who released “<a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Battle_Hymn_of_Lt._Calley" title="The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley">The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley</a>” (1971), a song about Calley</li> <li><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bales" title="Robert Bales">Robert Bales</a>—former <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> soldier who murdered 16 innocent Afghan civilians and was sentenced to life in prison without parole</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-crdl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crdl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crdl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crdl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_62845">"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a reporter John Philp conducting street interviews with civilians and soldiers outside the commissary following the conviction of lieutenant William Calley for his role in the My Lai massacre during the Vietnam War, Fort Benning, Georgia"</a>. <i>Civil Rights Digital Library</i>. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_System_of_Georgia" title="University System of Georgia">University System of Georgia</a>. 1971-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-22</span></span>. <q>Second lieutenant William Calley was a member of the Charlie Company, 1st battalion, 20th infantry regiment, 11th infantry brigade while in Vietnam.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.atitle=WSB-TV+newsfilm+clip+of+a+reporter+John+Philp+conducting+street+interviews+with+civilians+and+soldiers+outside+the+commissary+following+the+conviction+of+lieutenant+William+Calley+for+his+role+in+the+My+Lai+massacre+during+the+Vietnam+War%2C+Fort+Benning%2C+Georgia&rft.date=1971-03-30&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrdl.usg.edu%2Fid%3Augabma_wsbn_62845&rft.jtitle=Civil+Rights+Digital+Library&rft.pub=University+System+of+Georgia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz, Andrew. "Lieut. William Calley | Field of Dishonor: Famous American Court-Martials | TIME.com." US Field of Dishonor Famous American CourtMartials Comments. N.p., 17 Aug. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-dailymail.co.uk-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dailymail.co.uk_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dailymail.co.uk_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=485983&in_page_id=1811">"Daily Mail: The Monster of the My Lai Massacre – October 6, 2007"</a>. London. October 6, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-15</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.btitle=Daily+Mail%3A+The+Monster+of+the+My+Lai+Massacre%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+October+6%2C+2007&rft.date=October+6%2C+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fpages%2Flive%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fworldnews.html%3Fin_article_id%3D485983%26in_page_id%3D1811&rft.place=London&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Average-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Average_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Average_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901624,00.html">"An Average American Boy?"</a>. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. 12-05-1969<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-15</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.btitle=An+Average+American+Boy%3F&rft.date=12-05-1969&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C901624%2C00.html&rft.pub=Time&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Stars.26Stripes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stars.26Stripes_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stars.26Stripes_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Loh, Jules. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://25thaviation.org/id299.htm">Average Guy Calley Found Niche in Army</a>", <i><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Pacific Stars and Stripes</a></i>, 12-01-1969. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Aviation_Regiment_(United_States)" title="25th Aviation Regiment (United States)">25th Aviation Battalion</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-EncycloVietWar149-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EncycloVietWar149_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Tucker, Spencer (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://books.google.com/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC&lpg=PA149&ots=jBCWGbCtUw&dq=William%20L.%20Calley%20at%20Ft.%20Bliss&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q=William%20L.%20Calley%20at%20Ft.%20Bliss&f=false"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War : A Political, Social, and Military History</i></a> <b>1</b>. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 149. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-960-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-960-3">978-1-85109-960-3</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-23</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Spencer&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Vietnam+War+%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqh5lffww-KsC%26lpg%3DPA149%26ots%3DjBCWGbCtUw%26dq%3DWilliam%2520L.%2520Calley%2520at%2520Ft.%2520Bliss%26pg%3DPA149%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DWilliam%2520L.%2520Calley%2520at%2520Ft.%2520Bliss%26f%3Dfalse&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-960-3&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.volume=1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1990/1/1990_1_44.shtml">“I Had Prayed to God that this Thing Was Fiction...”</a>, <i><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a></i>, vol. 41 #1, February 1990.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linder, Douglas. "JURIST – The My Lai Massacre Trial." JURIST – The My Lai Massacre Trial. N.p., Mar. 2000. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">iPad iPhone Android TIME TV Populist The Page (1969-12-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901651,00.html">"The Press: Miscue on the Massacre"</a>. Time.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-30</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.au=iPad+iPhone+Android+TIME+TV+Populist+The+Page&rft.aulast=iPad+iPhone+Android+TIME+TV+Populist+The+Page&rft.btitle=The+Press%3A+Miscue+on+the+Massacre&rft.date=1969-12-05&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C901651%2C00.html&rft.pub=Time.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kendrick, Oliver., Coming to Terms with the Past: My Lai, History Today, 00182753, February 2006, Vol. 56, Issue 2</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">- 1971 Year in Review: Calley Trial, Foreign Affairs - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1971/Calley-Trial%2C-Foreign-Affairs/12295509436546-8/">http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1971/Calley-Trial%2C-Foreign-Affairs/12295509436546-8/</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-1970s_84-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1970s_84_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1970s_84_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1970s_84_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <i>How We Got Here: The 1970s</i>. New York, New York: Basic Books. pp. 84–85. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7">0-465-04195-7</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Frum%2C+David&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+1970s&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-465-04195-7&rft.pages=84-85&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cookman.2C_Claude_2007.2C_p._154-162-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cookman.2C_Claude_2007.2C_p._154-162_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cookman.2C_Claude_2007.2C_p._154-162_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cookman, Claude., Journal of American History; June 2007, Vol. 94, Issue 1, p. 154-162</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_02_opening.html">"Winter Soldier Investigation: Opening Statement of William Crandell"</a>. <i>The 1960s Project</i>. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Technology_in_the_Humanities" title="Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities">Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities</a> at the <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>. January 31, 1971.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.atitle=Winter+Soldier+Investigation%3A+Opening+Statement+of+William+Crandell&rft.date=January+31%2C+1971&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.iath.virginia.edu%2Fsixties%2FHTML_docs%2FResources%2FPrimary%2FWinter_Soldier%2FWS_02_opening.html&rft.jtitle=The+1960s+Project&rft.pub=Institute+for+Advanced+Technology+in+the+Humanities+at+the+University+of+Virginia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-nw20000410-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nw20000410_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.newsweek.com/2000/04/09/the-cold-warrior.html">"The Cold Warrior"</a>. Newsweek. April 10, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.btitle=The+Cold+Warrior&rft.date=April+10%2C+2000&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2F2000%2F04%2F09%2Fthe-cold-warrior.html&rft.pub=Newsweek&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">David Anderson L., ed. (1998). <i>Facing My Lai: Moving Beyond the Massacre</i>. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p. 126. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0864-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0864-5">978-0-7006-0864-5</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.btitle=Facing+My+Lai%3A+Moving+Beyond+the+Massacre&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0864-5&rft.pages=126&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Calley Apologizes for Role in My Lai Massacre." Msnbc.com. N.p., 21 Aug. 2009. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linder, Douglas. "JURIST – The My Lai Massacre Trial." JURIST – The My Lai Massacre Trial. N.p., Mar. 2000. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"FOLLOW-UP ON THE NEWS; William Calley Jr." "New York Times" 10 July 1983 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/10/nyregion/follow-up-on-the-news-william-calley-jr.html">[1]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-485983/Found-The-monster-My-Lai-massacre.html">"Found: The monster of the My Lai Massacre"</a>. London: <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a>. 6 October 2007.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.btitle=Found%3A+The+monster+of+the+My+Lai+Massacre&rft.date=6+October+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle-485983%2FFound-The-monster-My-Lai-massacre.html&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Daily+Mail&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Dusty Nix (August 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/178/v-print/story/813681.html">"Long-silent Calley speaks"</a>. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledger-Enquirer" title="Ledger-Enquirer">Ledger-Enquirer</a>. <q>“There is not a day that goes by that I do not feel remorse for what happened that day in My Lai,” Calley said. Then, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://dicksworld.wordpress.com/2009/08/19/exclusive-an-emotional-william-calley-says-he-is-sorry/">as reported on retired broadcast journalist Dick McMichael’s blog</a>, Calley’s voice began to break when he added, “I feel remorse for the Vietnamese who were killed, for their families, for the American soldiers involved and their families. I am very sorry.”</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.au=Dusty+Nix&rft.aulast=Dusty+Nix&rft.btitle=Long-silent+Calley+speaks&rft.date=August+21%2C+2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledger-enquirer.com%2F178%2Fv-print%2Fstory%2F813681.html&rft.pub=Ledger-Enquirer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Dick McMichael (August 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://dicksworld.wordpress.com/2009/08/19/exclusive-an-emotional-william-calley-says-he-is-sorry/">"An Emotional William Calley Says He is Sorry"</a>. <i>Dick's World</i>. <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-22</span></span>. <q>I asked him for his reaction to the notion that a soldier does not have to obey an unlawful order. In fact, to obey an unlawful order is to be unlawful yourself. He said, “I believe that is true. If you are asking why I did not stand up to them when I was given the orders, I will have to say that I was a 2nd lieutenant getting orders from my commander, and I followed them—foolishly, I guess.” He said that was no excuse, just what happened.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.atitle=An+Emotional+William+Calley+Says+He+is+Sorry&rft.au=Dick+McMichael&rft.aulast=Dick+McMichael&rft.date=August+19%2C+2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdicksworld.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F08%2F19%2Fexclusive-an-emotional-william-calley-says-he-is-sorry%2F&rft.jtitle=Dick%27s+World&rft.pub=WordPress&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Calley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="34" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150208155621im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/William_Calley" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/William Calley">William Calley</a></b></i></td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li>Hugh Thompson Foundation web site: (501(c)(3) nonprofit founded by Lawrence Colburn in honor of Hugh Thompson): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.hughthompson.org/">http://www.hughthompson.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mylai/mylai.htm">Famous American Trials: The My Lai Courts-Martial 1970</a></li> <li>Beidler, Philip D., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2003/winter/beidler-calleys-ghost/">"Calley's Ghost"</a>, <i>Virginia Quarterly Review</i>, Winter 2003.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/29/newsid_2530000/2530975.stm">BBC.co.uk | 29 | 1971: Calley guilty of My Lai Massacre</a></li> <li><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-485983/Found-The-monster-My-Lai-massacre.html">"Found: The monster of the My Lai massacre"</a>. <i>Daily Mail</i>. October 6, 2007.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Calley&rft.atitle=Found%3A+The+monster+of+the+My+Lai+massacre&rft.date=October+6%2C+2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle-485983%2FFound-The-monster-My-Lai-massacre.html&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mail&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (with photo from 2007)</li> <li>Doug Gilford's Mad Cover Site - The Issue With Alfred as Lt. Calley Was Not A Mad Magazine...: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.madcoversite.com/calley.html">http://www.madcoversite.com/calley.html</a></li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority_control" title="Authority control">Authority control</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150208155621/http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50-032187">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a 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style="color:#aaa;">Name</td> <td>Calley, William</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Alternative names</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Short description</td> <td>Convicted US-war criminal from the Vietnam War</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of birth</td> <td>June 8, 1943</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of birth</td> <td><a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami,_Florida" title="Miami, Florida" class="mw-redirect">Miami</a>, <a href="/web/20150208155621/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of death</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of death</td> <td></td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img 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