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fluoride</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: hydrogen fluoride"> <meta name="keywords" content="hydrogen fluoride"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="hydrogen fluoride"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1120</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hydrogen fluoride</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Using RASCAL and ALOHA Codes to Establish an Analysis Methodology for Hydrogen Fluoride Evaluation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Wang">J. R. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Chiang"> Y. Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20S.%20Hsu"> W. S. Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20C.%20Chen"> H. C. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Chen"> S. H. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Yang"> J. H. Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Chen"> S. W. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Shih"> C. Shih </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the RASCAL and ALOHA codes are used to establish an analysis methodology for hydrogen fluoride (HF) evaluation. There are three main steps in this study. First, the UF<sub>6</sub> data were collected. Second, one postulated case was analyzed by using the RASCAL and UF<sub>6</sub> data. This postulated case assumes that fire occurring and UF<sub>6</sub> is releasing from a building. Third, the results of RASCAL for HF mass were as the input data of ALOHA. Two postulated cases of HF were analyzed by using ALOHA code and the results of RASCAL. These postulated cases assume fire occurring and HF is releasing with no raining (Case 1) or raining (Case 2) condition. According to the analysis results of ALOHA, the HF concentration of Case 2 is smaller than Case 1. The results can be a reference for the preparing of emergency plans for the release of HF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RASCAL" title="RASCAL">RASCAL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALOHA" title=" ALOHA"> ALOHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UF%E2%82%86" title=" UF₆"> UF₆</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fluoride" title=" hydrogen fluoride"> hydrogen fluoride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98384/using-rascal-and-aloha-codes-to-establish-an-analysis-methodology-for-hydrogen-fluoride-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">750</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Evaluation of Fluoride Contents of Kirkuk City's Drinking Water and Its Source: Lesser Zab River and Its Effect on Human Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20R.%20Ali">Abbas R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safa%20H.%20Abdulrahman"> Safa H. Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, forty samples had been collected from water of Lesser Zab River and drinking water to determine fluoride concentration and show the impact of fluoride on general health of society of Kirkuk city. Estimation of fluoride concentration and determination of its proportion in water samples were performed attentively using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The fluoride concentrations in the Lesser Zab River samples were between 0.0265 ppm and 0.0863 ppm with an average of 0.0451 ppm, whereas the average fluoride concentration in drinking water samples was 0.102 ppm and ranged from 0.010 to 0.289 ppm. A comparison between results obtained with World Health Organization (WHO) show a low concentration of fluoride in the samples of the study. Thus, for health concerns we should increase the concentration of this ion in water of Kirkuk city at least to about (1.0 ppm) and this will take place after fluorination process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride%20concentration" title="fluoride concentration">fluoride concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesser%20zab%20river" title=" lesser zab river"> lesser zab river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20society" title=" health society"> health society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirkuk%20city" title=" Kirkuk city"> Kirkuk city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51317/evaluation-of-fluoride-contents-of-kirkuk-citys-drinking-water-and-its-source-lesser-zab-river-and-its-effect-on-human-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Fluoride Immobilization in Plaster Board Waste: A Safety Measure to Prevent Soil and Water Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkataraman%20Sivasankar">Venkataraman Sivasankar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoshi%20Omine"> Kiyoshi Omine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideaki%20Sano"> Hideaki Sano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The leaching of fluoride from Plaster Board Waste (PBW) is quite feasible in soil and water environments. The Ministry of Environment, Japan recommended the standard limit of 0.8 mgL⁻¹ or less for fluoride. Although the utilization of PBW as a substitute for cement is rather meritorious, its fluoride leaching behavior deteriorates the quality of soil and water and therefore envisaged as a demerit. In view of this fluoride leaching problem, the present research is focused on immobilizing fluoride in PBW. The immobilization experiments were conducted with four chemical systems operated by DAHP (diammonium hydrogen phosphate) and phosphoric acid carbonization of bamboo mass coupled with certain inorganic reactions using reagents such as calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and aqueous ammonia. The fluoride immobilization was determined after shaking the reactor contents including the plaster board waste for 24 h at 25˚C. In the DAHP system, the immobilization of fluoride was evident from the leaching of fluoride in the range 0.071-0.12 mgL⁻¹, 0.026-0.14 mgL⁻¹ and 0.068-0.12 mgL⁻¹ for the reaction temperatures at 30˚C, 50˚C, and 90˚C, respectively, with final pH of 6.8. The other chemical systems designated as PACCa, PACAm, and PACNa could immobilize fluoride in PBW, and the resulting solution was analyzed with the fluoride less than the Japanese environmental standard of 0.8 mgL⁻¹. In the case of PACAm and PACCa systems, the calcium concentration was found undetectable and witnessed the formation of phosphate compounds. The immobilization of fluoride was found inversely proportional to the increase in the volume of leaching solvent and dose of PBW. Characterization studies of PBW and the solid after fluoride immobilization was done using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM ( Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) with EDAX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The results revealed the formation of new calcium phosphate compounds such as apatite, monetite, and hydroxylapatite. The participation of such new compounds in fluoride immobilization seems indispensable through the exchange mechanism of hydroxyl and fluoride groups. Acknowledgment: First author thanks to Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the award of the fellowship (ID No. 16544). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title="characterization">characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride" title=" fluoride"> fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plaster%20board%20waste" title=" plaster board waste"> plaster board waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84240/fluoride-immobilization-in-plaster-board-waste-a-safety-measure-to-prevent-soil-and-water-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Optimization of Fluoride Removal by Using Banana Peel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20N.">Pallavi N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gayatri%20Jadhav"> Gayatri Jadhav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Good quality water is of prime importance for a healthy living. Fluoride is one such mineral present in water which causes many health problems in humans and specially children. Fluoride is said to be a double edge sword because lesser and higher concentration of fluoride in drinking water can cause both dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride is one of the important mineral usually present at a higher concentration in ground water. There are many researches being carried out for defluoridation method. In the present research, fluoride removal is demonstrated using banana peel which is a biowaste as a biocoagulant. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a statistical design tool which is used to design the experiment. Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to determine the influence of the pH and dosage of the coagulant on the optimal removal of fluoride from a simulated water sample. 895 of fluoride removal were obtained in a acidic pH range of 4 – 9 and bio coagulant dosage of dosage of 18 – 20mg/L. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fluoride" title="Fluoride">Fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Response%20Surface%20Methodology" title=" Response Surface Methodology"> Response Surface Methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dosage" title=" Dosage"> Dosage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana%20peel" title=" banana peel"> banana peel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122011/application-of-response-surface-methodology-rsm-for-optimization-of-fluoride-removal-by-using-banana-peel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> Comparing Groundwater Fluoride Level with WHO Guidelines and Classifying At-Risk Age Groups; Based on Health Risk Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Abolli">Samaneh Abolli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamyar%20Yaghmaeian"> Kamyar Yaghmaeian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Arab%20Aradani"> Ali Arab Aradani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Alimohammadi"> Mahmood Alimohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main route of fluoride uptake is drinking water. Fluoride absorption in the acceptable range (0.5-1.5 mg L-¹) is suitable for the body, but it's too much consumption can have irreversible health effects. To compare fluoride concentration with the WHO guidelines, 112 water samples were taken from groundwater aquifers in 22 villages of Garmsar County, the central part of Iran, during 2018 to 2019.Fluoride concentration was measured by the SPANDS method, and its non-carcinogenic impacts were calculated using EDI and HQ. The statistical population was divided into four categories of infant, children, teenagers, and adults. Linear regression and Spearman rank correlation coefficient tests were used to investigate the relationships between the well's depth and fluoride concentration in the water samples. The annual mean concentrations of fluoride in 2018 and2019 were 0.75 and 0.64 mg -¹ and, the fluoride mean concentration in the samples classifying the cold and hot seasons of the studied years was 0.709 and 0.689 mg L-¹, respectively. The amount of fluoride in 27% of the samples in both years was less than the acceptable minimum (0.5 mg L-¹). Also, 11% of the samples in2018 (6 samples) had fluoride levels higher than 1.5 mg L-¹. The HQ showed that the children were vulnerable; teenagers and adults were in the next ranks, respectively. Statistical tests showed a reverse and significant correlation (R2 = 0.02, < 0.0001) between well depth and fluoride content. The border between the usefulness/harmfulness of fluoride is very narrow and requires extensive studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride" title="fluoride">fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk%20assessment" title=" health risk assessment"> health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20quotient" title=" hazard quotient"> hazard quotient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garmsar" title=" Garmsar"> Garmsar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173062/comparing-groundwater-fluoride-level-with-who-guidelines-and-classifying-at-risk-age-groups-based-on-health-risk-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Biosorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solutions by Tinospora Cordifolia Leaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasulu%20Dasaiah">Srinivasulu Dasaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalyan%20Yakkala"> Kalyan Yakkala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gangadhar%20Battala"> Gangadhar Battala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavan%20Kumar%20Pindi"> Pavan Kumar Pindi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramakrishna%20Naidu%20Gurijala"> Ramakrishna Naidu Gurijala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tinospora cordifolia leaves biomass used for the removal fluoride from aqueous solutions. Batch biosorption technique was applied, pH, contact time, biosorbent dose and initial fluoride concentration was studied. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques used to study the surface characteristics and the presence of chemical functional groups on the biosorbent. Biosorption isotherm models and kinetic models were applied to understand the sorption mechanism. Results revealed that pH, contact time, biosorbent dose and initial fluoride concentration played a significant effect on fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The developed biosorbent derived from Tinospora cordifolia leaves biomass found to be a low-cost biosorbent and could be used for the effective removal of fluoride in synthetic as well as real water samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title="biosorption">biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20time" title=" contact time"> contact time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride" title=" fluoride"> fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotherms" title=" isotherms"> isotherms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88576/biosorption-of-fluoride-from-aqueous-solutions-by-tinospora-cordifolia-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Effect of Hydrogen Content and Structure in Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings on Hydrogen Permeation Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motonori%20Tamura">Motonori Tamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hydrogen barrier properties of the coatings of diamond-like carbon (DLC) were evaluated. Using plasma chemical vapor deposition and sputtering, DLC coatings were deposited on Type 316L stainless steels. The hydrogen permeation rate was reduced to 1/1000 or lower by the DLC coatings. The DLC coatings with high hydrogen content had high hydrogen barrier function. For hydrogen diffusion in coatings, the movement of atoms through hydrogen trap sites such as pores in coatings, and crystal defects such as dislocations, is important. The DLC coatings are amorphous, and there are both sp3 and sp2 bonds, and excess hydrogen could be found in the interstitial space and the hydrogen trap sites. In the DLC coatings with high hydrogen content, these hydrogen trap sites are likely already filled with hydrogen atoms, and the movement of new hydrogen atoms could be limited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20permeation" title="hydrogen permeation">hydrogen permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steels" title=" stainless steels"> stainless steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamond-like%20carbon" title=" diamond-like carbon"> diamond-like carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20trap%20sites" title=" hydrogen trap sites"> hydrogen trap sites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63201/effect-of-hydrogen-content-and-structure-in-diamond-like-carbon-coatings-on-hydrogen-permeation-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Toxicological Risk Analysis in Different Crops and Vegetables Exposed to High Fluoride-Contaminated Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Kumar">Pankaj Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite few works reported about fluoride enrichment in the groundwater, no studies have done on exposure analysis for biological components in Patan district, Gujarat, Western India. Considering its vital importance, this study strives to quantify the bioaccumulation of fluoride in seven different crops and vegetables, viz. Spinach and Mustard leaves, Cauliflower, Wheat grains, Amaranth seed, Radish, and Garlic grown in the potentially fluoride contaminated area. Result shows that the order for fluoride accumulation among different analyzed plants are spinach (63.3 mg/kg) > mustard (48.9 mg/kg) > cauliflower (41.1 mg/kg) > radish (35.7 mg/kg) > garlic (33.2 mg/kg) > amaranth seed (26.7 mg/kg) > wheat (22.5 mg/kg). Fluoride concentration was highest in leafy vegetable, whereas the lowest was in wheat grains. Finally, estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) were calculated for local consumers of different age group, where it was found that young people (4-15 years) are at the highest risk of fluorosis. This study is relevant for better crop management, like substituting crops with woody plants, flowers, and people awareness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride" title="fluoride">fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title=" bioaccumulation"> bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk" title=" health risk"> health risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151900/toxicological-risk-analysis-in-different-crops-and-vegetables-exposed-to-high-fluoride-contaminated-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Effect of Nickel Coating on Corrosion of Alloys in Molten Salts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Raghunandanan">Divya Raghunandanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavesh%20D.%20Gajbhiye"> Bhavesh D. Gajbhiye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Sona"> C. S. Sona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Channamallikarjun%20S.%20Mathpati"> Channamallikarjun S. Mathpati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molten fluoride salts are considered as potential coolants for next generation nuclear plants where the heat can be utilized for production of hydrogen and electricity. Among molten fluoride salts, FLiNaK (LiF-NaF-KF: 46.5-11.5-42 mol %) is a potential candidate for the coolant due to its superior thermophysical properties such as high temperature stability, boiling point, volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Major technical challenge in implementation is the selection of structural material which can withstand corrosive nature of FLiNaK. Corrosion study of alloys SS 316L, Hastelloy B, Ni-201 was performed in molten FLiNaK at 650°C. Nickel was found to be more resistant to corrosive attack in molten fluoride medium. Corrosion experiments were performed to study the effect of nickel coating on corrosion of alloys SS 316L and Hastelloy B. Weight loss of the alloys due to corrosion was measured and corrosion rate was estimated. The surface morphology of the alloys was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLiNaK" title=" FLiNaK"> FLiNaK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hastelloy" title=" hastelloy"> hastelloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20loss" title=" weight loss"> weight loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6733/effect-of-nickel-coating-on-corrosion-of-alloys-in-molten-salts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Transition to Hydrogen Cities in Korea and Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minhee%20Son">Minhee Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Nam%20Kim"> Kyung Nam Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the plan of the Korean and Japanese governments to transition into the hydrogen economy. Two motor companies, Hyundai Motor Company from Korea and Toyota from Japan, released the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle to monopolize the green energy automobile market. Although, they are the main countries which emit greenhouse gas, hydrogen energy can bring from a certain industry places, such as chemical plants and steel mills. Recent, the two countries have been focusing on the hydrogen industry including a fuel cell vehicle, a hydrogen station, a fuel cell plant, a residential fuel cell. The purpose of this paper is to find out the differences of the policies in the two countries to be hydrogen societies. We analyze the behavior of the public and private sectors in Korea and Japan about hydrogen energy and fuel cells for the transition of the hydrogen economy. Finally we show the similarities and differences of both countries in hydrogen fuel cells. And some cities have feature such as Hydrogen cities. Hydrogen energy can make impact environmental sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title="fuel cell">fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20city" title=" hydrogen city"> hydrogen city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fuel%20cell%20vehicle" title=" hydrogen fuel cell vehicle"> hydrogen fuel cell vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20station" title=" hydrogen station"> hydrogen station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20energy" title=" hydrogen energy"> hydrogen energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36011/transition-to-hydrogen-cities-in-korea-and-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Salinity Reduction from Saharan Brackish Water by Fluoride Removal on Activated Natural Materials: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Ramadni">Amina Ramadni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20Taleb"> Safia Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20D%C3%A9ratani"> André Dératani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study presents, firstly, to characterize the physicochemical quality of brackish groundwater of the Terminal Complex (TC) from the region of Eloued-souf and to investigate the presence of fluoride, and secondly, to study the comparison of adsorbing power of three materials, such as (activated alumina AA, sodium clay SC and hydroxyapatite HAP) against the groundwater in the region of Eloued-souf. To do this, a sampling campaign over 16 wells and consumer taps was undertaken. The results show that the groundwater can be characterized by very high fluoride content and excessive mineralization that require in some cases, specific treatment before supply. The study of adsorption revealed removal efficiencies fluoride by three adsorbents, maximum adsorption is achieved after 45 minutes at 90%, 83.4% and 73.95%, and with an adsorbed fluoride content of 0.22 mg/L, 0.318 mg/L and 0.52 mg/L for AA, HAP and SC, respectively. The acidity of the medium significantly affects the removal fluoride. Results deducted from the adsorption isotherms also showed that the retention follows the Langmuir model. The adsorption tests by adsorbent materials show that the physicochemical characteristics of brackish water are changed after treatment. The adsorption mechanism is an exchange between the OH<sup>-</sup> ions and fluoride ions. Three materials are proving to be effective adsorbents for fluoride removal that could be developed into a viable technology to help reduce the salinity of the Saharan hyper-fluorinated waters. Finally, a comparison between the results obtained from the different adsorbents allowed us to conclude that the defluoridation by AA is the process of choice for many waters of the region of Eloued-souf, because it was shown to be a very interesting and promising technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride%20removal" title="fluoride removal">fluoride removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrochemical%20characterization%20of%20groundwater" title=" hydrochemical characterization of groundwater"> hydrochemical characterization of groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20materials" title=" natural materials"> natural materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiltration" title=" nanofiltration"> nanofiltration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52585/salinity-reduction-from-saharan-brackish-water-by-fluoride-removal-on-activated-natural-materials-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> The Interaction between Hydrogen and Surface Stress in Stainless Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osamu%20Takakuwa">Osamu Takakuwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuta%20Mano"> Yuta Mano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitoshi%20Soyama"> Hitoshi Soyama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reveals the interaction between hydrogen and surface stress in austenitic stainless steel by X-ray diffraction stress measurement and thermal desorption analysis before and after being charged with hydrogen. The surface residual stress was varied by surface finishing using several disc polishing agents. The obtained results show that the residual stress near surface had a significant effect on hydrogen absorption behavior, that is, tensile residual stress promoted the hydrogen absorption and compressive one did opposite. Also, hydrogen induced equi-biaxial stress and this stress has a linear correlation with hydrogen content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20embrittlement" title="hydrogen embrittlement">hydrogen embrittlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20finishing" title=" surface finishing"> surface finishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16765/the-interaction-between-hydrogen-and-surface-stress-in-stainless-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Design and Development of Novel Anion Selective Chemosensors Derived from Vitamin B6 Cofactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darshna%20Sharma">Darshna Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suban%20K.%20Sahoo"> Suban K. Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The detection of intracellular fluoride in human cancer cell HeLa was achieved by chemosensors derived from vitamin B6 cofactors using fluorescence imaging technique. These sensors were first synthesized by condensation of pyridoxal/pyridoxal phosphate with 2-amino(thio)phenol. The anion recognition ability was explored by experimental (UV-VIS, fluorescence and 1H NMR) and theoretical DFT [(B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)] methods in DMSO and mixed DMSO-H2O system. All the developed sensors showed both naked-eye detectable color change and remarkable fluorescence enhancement in the presence of F- and AcO-. The anion recognition was occurred through the formation of hydrogen bonded complexes between these anions and sensor, followed by the partial deprotonation of sensor. The detection limit of these sensors were down to micro(nano) molar level of F- and AcO-. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemosensors" title="chemosensors">chemosensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride" title=" fluoride"> fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetate" title=" acetate"> acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turn-on" title=" turn-on"> turn-on</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=live%20cells%20imaging" title=" live cells imaging"> live cells imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21794/design-and-development-of-novel-anion-selective-chemosensors-derived-from-vitamin-b6-cofactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Fused Salt Electrolysis of Rare-Earth Materials from the Domestic Ore and Preparation of Rare-Earth Hydrogen Storage Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Hyun%20Yoo">Jeong-Hyun Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanjung%20Kwon"> Hanjung Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Wook%20Cho"> Sung-Wook Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused salt electrolysis was studied to make the high purity rare-earth metals using domestic rare-earth ore. The target metals of the fused salt electrolysis were Mm (Misch metal), La, Ce, Nd, etc. Fused salt electrolysis was performed with the supporting salt such as chloride and fluoride at the various temperatures and ampere. The metals made by fused salt electrolysis were analyzed to identify the phase and composition using the methods of XRD and ICP. As a result, the acquired rare-earth metals were the high purity ones which had more than 99% purity. Also, VIM (vacuum induction melting) was studied to make the kg level rare-earth alloy for the use of secondary battery and hydrogen storage. In order to indentify the physicochemical properties such as phase, impurity gas, alloy composition and hydrogen storage, the alloys were investigated. The battery characteristics were also analyzed through the various tests in the real production line of a battery company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20rare-earth%20ore" title="domestic rare-earth ore">domestic rare-earth ore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20salt%20electrolysis" title=" fused salt electrolysis"> fused salt electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare-earth%20materials" title=" rare-earth materials"> rare-earth materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20storage%20alloy" title=" hydrogen storage alloy"> hydrogen storage alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20battery" title=" secondary battery"> secondary battery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17072/fused-salt-electrolysis-of-rare-earth-materials-from-the-domestic-ore-and-preparation-of-rare-earth-hydrogen-storage-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Fluoride Removal from Groundwater in the East Nile Area (Sudan) Using Locally Available Charcoal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motwkel%20M.%20Alhaj">Motwkel M. Alhaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20M.%20Elhassan"> Bashir M. Elhassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The East Nile area is located in Khartoum state. The main source of drinking water in the East Nile Area (Sudan) is groundwater. However, fluoride concentration in the water is more than the maximum allowable dose, which is 1.5 mg/l. This study aims to demonstrate and innovative, affordable, and efficient filter to remove fluoride from drinking water. Many researchers have found that aluminum oxide-coated adsorbent is the most affordable technology for fluoride removal. However, adsorption is pH-dependent, and the water pH in the East Nile area is relatively high (around 8), which is hindering the adsorption process. Locally available charcoal was crushed, sieved, and coated with aluminum oxide. Then, different coating configurations were tested in order to produce an adsorbent with a high pH point of zero charge pH PZC in order to overcome the effect of high pH of water. Moreover, different methods were used to characterize the adsorbent, including: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer - Emmett - Teller (BET) method, and pH point of zero charge pH PZC. The produced adsorbent has pH PZC of 8.5, which is essential in enhancing the fluoride adsorption process. A pilot household fluoride filter was also designed and installed in a house that has water with 4.34 mg/l F- and pH of 8.4. The filter was operated at a flow rate 250 cm³/min. The total cost of treating one cubic meter was about 0.63$, while the cost for the same water before adsorbent coating modification was 2.33$⁄cm³. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title="water treatment">water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride" title=" fluoride"> fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal" title=" charcoal"> charcoal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudan" title=" Sudan"> Sudan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152190/fluoride-removal-from-groundwater-in-the-east-nile-area-sudan-using-locally-available-charcoal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Microstructure of Hydrogen Permeation Barrier Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motonori%20Tamura">Motonori Tamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ceramics coatings consisting of fine crystal grains, with diameters of about 100 nm or less, provided superior hydrogen-permeation barriers. Applying TiN, TiC or Al₂O₃ coatings on a stainless steel substrate reduced the hydrogen permeation by a factor of about 100 to 5,000 compared with uncoated substrates. Effect of the microstructure of coatings on hydrogen-permeation behavior is studied. The test specimens coated with coatings, with columnar crystals grown vertically on the substrate, tended to exhibit higher hydrogen permeability. The grain boundaries of the coatings became trap sites for hydrogen, and microcrystalline structures with many grain boundaries are expected to provide effective hydrogen-barrier performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20permeation" title="hydrogen permeation">hydrogen permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tin%20coating" title=" tin coating"> tin coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20grain" title=" crystal grain"> crystal grain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72074/microstructure-of-hydrogen-permeation-barrier-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Investigating the Effects of Hydrogen on Wet Cement for Underground Hydrogen Storage Applications in Oil and Gas Wells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamoud%20Al-Hadrami">Hamoud Al-Hadrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Emadi"> Hossein Emadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athar%20Hussain"> Athar Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green hydrogen is quickly emerging as a new source of renewable energy for the world. Hydrogen production using water electrolysis is deemed as an environmentally friendly and safe source of energy for transportation and other industries. However, storing a high volume of hydrogen seems to be a significant challenge. Abandoned hydrocarbon reservoirs are considered as viable hydrogen storage options because of the availability of the required infrastructure such as wells and surface facilities. However, long-term wellbore integrity in these wells could be a serious challenge. Hydrogen reduces the compressive strength of a set cement if it gets in contact with the cement slurry. Also, mixing hydrogen with cement slurry slightly increases its density and rheological properties, which need to be considered to have a successful primary cementing operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20bore%20integrity" title=" well bore integrity"> well bore integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20energy" title=" clean energy"> clean energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementing" title=" cementing"> cementing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142191/investigating-the-effects-of-hydrogen-on-wet-cement-for-underground-hydrogen-storage-applications-in-oil-and-gas-wells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Evaluation of Malva sylvestris L. Effect on Sodium Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Babaei%20Zarch">A. Babaei Zarch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kianbakht"> S. Kianbakht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fallah%20Huseini"> H. Fallah Huseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Changaei"> P. Changaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirjalili"> A. Mirjalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Salehi"> J. Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Malva Sylvestris L. has antioxidant property and is widely used in the traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin and urological disorders. Objective: In this study the protective effect of Malva Sylvestris against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity in rat were evaluated. Methods: The Malva Sylvestris flower extract was prepared and injected intraperitoneally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day to group of rats ( 10 in each group) for 1 week and subsequently 600 ppm sodium fluoride was added to the rats drinking water for 1 additional week. After these steps, the rats’ serum levels of urea, creatinine, reduced glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde were determined. The histopathologies of the rats’ kidneys were also studied. Results: Sodium fluoride administration increased levels of BUN, creatinine glutathione, catalase activity and decreased malondialdehyde indicating induction of nephrotoxicity in rats. Malva Sylvestris extract pretreatment significantly decreased the BUN and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of catalase and glutathione were increased by Malva, and this increase were also statistically significant (P<0.05). All three doses of Malva extract decreased the malondialdehyde level, but it was significant only for the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day (P<0.05). Histopathological findings also showed protective effect of Malva against renal damage induced by sodium fluoride. Conclusion: The results suggest that Malva Sylvestris has protective effect against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity maybe mediated by its antioxidant property. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malva%20sylvestris" title="malva sylvestris">malva sylvestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotoxicity" title=" nephrotoxicity"> nephrotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fluoride" title=" sodium fluoride"> sodium fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44227/evaluation-of-malva-sylvestris-l-effect-on-sodium-fluoride-induced-nephrotoxicity-in-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Fluoride Contamination and Effects on Crops in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20Ghosh">Rajkumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluoride contamination in water and its subsequent impact on agricultural practices is a growing concern in various regions worldwide, including North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. This study aimed to investigate the extent of fluoride contamination in the region's water sources and evaluate its effects on crop production and quality. A comprehensive survey of water sources, including wells, ponds, and rivers, was conducted to assess the fluoride levels in North 24 Parganas. Water samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods, and the fluoride concentration was determined. The findings revealed significant fluoride contamination in the water sources, surpassing the permissible limits recommended by national and international standards. To assess the effects of fluoride contamination on crops, field experiments were carried out in selected agricultural areas. Various crops commonly cultivated in the region, such as paddy, wheat, vegetables, and fruits, were examined for their growth, yield, and nutritional quality parameters. Additionally, soil samples were collected from the study sites to analyse the fluoride levels and their potential impact on soil health. The results demonstrated the adverse effects of fluoride contamination on crop growth and yield. Reduced plant height, stunted root development, decreased biomass accumulation, and diminished crop productivity were observed in fluoride-affected areas compared to uncontaminated control sites. Furthermore, the nutritional composition of crops, including micronutrients and mineral content, was significantly altered under high fluoride exposure, leading to potential health risks for consumers. The study also assessed the impact of fluoride on soil quality and found a negative correlation between fluoride concentration and soil health indicators, such as pH, organic matter content, and nutrient availability. These findings emphasize the need for sustainable soil management practices to mitigate the harmful effects of fluoride contamination and maintain agricultural productivity. Overall, this study highlights the alarming issue of fluoride contamination in water sources and its detrimental effects on crop production and quality in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. The findings underscore the urgency for implementing appropriate water treatment measures, promoting awareness among farmers and local communities, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate fluoride contamination and safeguard the region's agricultural ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20ecosystem" title="agricultural ecosystem">agricultural ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20agricultural" title=" sustainable agricultural"> sustainable agricultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride%20contamination" title=" fluoride contamination"> fluoride contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169880/fluoride-contamination-and-effects-on-crops-in-north-24-parganas-west-bengal-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Dental Fluorosis in Domestic Animals Inhabiting Industrial Area of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalita%20Panchal">Lalita Panchal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulfiya%20Sheikh"> Zulfiya Sheikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluoride is essential for teeth and bones development not only for human beings but also for animals. But excess intake of fluoride causes harmful effects on health. Fluorosis is a worldwide health hazard and India is also one of the endemic countries. Udaipur district of Rajasthan is also prone to fluorosis and superphosphate industries are aggravating fluoride toxicity in this area. Grazing fields for animals in the close vicinity of the industries, fodder and water are fluoride contaminated. Fluoride toxicity in the form of dental fluorosis was observed in domestic animals, inhabiting industrial area near Udaipur, where superphosphate fertilizer plants are functioning and releasing fluoride and fumes and effluents into the surroundings. These fumes and gases directly affect the vegetation of grazing field, thus allowing entry of fluoride into the food chain. A survey was conducted in this area to assess the severity of fluorosis, in 2015-16. It was a house to house survey and animal owners were asked for their fodder and water supply. Anterior teeth of the animal were observed. Domestic animals exhibited mild to severe signs of dental fluorosis. Teeth showed deep brown staining, patches, lines and abrasions. Even immature animals were affected badly. Most of the domestic animals were affected, but goats of this area showed chronic symptoms of fluorosis. Due to abrasion of teeth and paining teeth their chewing or grazing capacity and appetite reduced. Eventually, it reduced the life span of animals and increased the mortality rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20animals" title="domestic animals">domestic animals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride%20toxicity" title=" fluoride toxicity"> fluoride toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20fluorosis" title=" industrial fluorosis"> industrial fluorosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superphosphate%20fertilizers" title=" superphosphate fertilizers"> superphosphate fertilizers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57512/dental-fluorosis-in-domestic-animals-inhabiting-industrial-area-of-udaipur-rajasthan-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> Protective Effect of Malva sylvestris L. against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Babaei%20Zarch">Ali Babaei Zarch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kianbakht"> S. Kianbakht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fallah%20Huseini"> H. Fallah Huseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Changaei"> P. Changaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirjalili"> A. Mirjalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Salehi"> J. Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Malva sylvestris L. is widely used in the traditional medicine of Iran and other countries to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin and urological Disorders. Moreover, it has antioxidant property. Objective: In this study the protective effect of Malva sylvestris against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats were evaluated. Methods: The Malva sylvestris flower extract was injected intraperitoneally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day to groups of rats ( 10 in each group) for 1 week and subsequently 600 ppm sodium fluoride was added daily to the rats drinking water for 1 additional week. After these steps, the rats’ serum levels of urea, creatinine, reduced glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde were determined. The histopathology of the rats’ kidney was also studied. Results: Malva sylvesteries extract with doses of 400 mg/kg/day significantly decreased the urea and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of catalase and glutathione were increased by this dose, but only the catalase increase was statistically significant (P<0.05). All three extract doses of Malva decreased the malondialdehyde level, but it was significant only for the dose 400 mg/kg/day (P<0.05). Histopathological findings also showed a protective effect of Malva against renal damage induced by sodium fluoride. Conclusion: The results suggest that Malva sylvestris has a protective effect against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity through its antioxidant property. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malva%20sylvestris" title="Malva sylvestris">Malva sylvestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mephrotoxicity" title=" mephrotoxicity"> mephrotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fluoride" title=" sodium fluoride"> sodium fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat%0D%0A%E2%80%83" title=" rat "> rat </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43337/protective-effect-of-malva-sylvestris-l-against-sodium-fluoride-induced-nephrotoxicity-in-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Impact of Fluoride Contamination on Soil and Water at North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20Ghosh">Rajkumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluoride contamination is a growing concern in various regions across the globe, including North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, India. The presence of excessive fluoride in the environment can have detrimental effects on crops, soil quality, and water resources. This note aims to shed light on the implications of fluoride contamination and its impact on the agricultural sector in North 24 Parganas. The agricultural lands in North 24 Parganas have been significantly affected by fluoride contamination, leading to adverse consequences for crop production. Excessive fluoride uptake by plants can hinder their growth, reduce crop yields, and impact the quality of agricultural produce. Certain crops, such as paddy, vegetables, and fruits, are more susceptible to fluoride toxicity, resulting in stunted growth, leaf discoloration, and reduced nutritional value. Fluoride-contaminated water, often used for irrigation, contributes to the accumulation of fluoride in the soil. Over time, this can lead to soil degradation and reduced fertility. High fluoride levels can alter soil pH, disrupt the availability of essential nutrients, and impair microbial activity critical for nutrient cycling. Consequently, the overall health and productivity of the soil are compromised, making it increasingly challenging for farmers to sustain agricultural practices. Fluoride contamination in North 24 Parganas extends beyond the soil and affects water resources as well. The excess fluoride seeps into groundwater, making it unsafe for consumption. Long-term consumption of fluoride-contaminated water can lead to various health issues, including dental and skeletal fluorosis. These health concerns pose significant risks to the local population, especially those reliant on contaminated water sources for their daily needs. Addressing fluoride contamination requires concerted efforts from various stakeholders, including government authorities, researchers, and farmers. Implementing appropriate water treatment technologies, such as defluoridation units, can help reduce fluoride levels in drinking water sources. Additionally, promoting alternative irrigation methods and crop diversification strategies can aid in mitigating the impact of fluoride on agricultural productivity. Furthermore, creating awareness among farmers about the adverse effects of fluoride contamination and providing access to alternative water sources are crucial steps toward safeguarding the health of the community and sustaining agricultural activities in the region. Fluoride contamination poses significant challenges to crop production, soil health, and water resources in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. It is imperative to prioritize efforts to address this issue effectively and implement appropriate measures to mitigate fluoride contamination. By adopting sustainable practices and promoting awareness, the community can work towards restoring the agricultural productivity, soil quality and ensuring access to safe drinking water in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride%20contamination" title="fluoride contamination">fluoride contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20health" title=" soil health"> soil health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169850/impact-of-fluoride-contamination-on-soil-and-water-at-north-24-parganas-west-bengal-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> Hydrogen Storage in Carbonized Coconut Meat (Kernel)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viney%20Dixit">Viney Dixit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20R.%20Shahi"> Rohit R. Shahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Bhatnagar"> Ashish Bhatnagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Jain"> P. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20P.%20Yadav"> T. P. Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20N.%20Srivastava"> O. N. Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbons are being widely investigated as hydrogen storage material owing to their light weight, fast hydrogen absorption kinetics and low cost. However, these materials suffer from low hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature. The aim of the present study is to synthesize carbon based material which shows moderate hydrogen storage at room temperature. For this purpose, hydrogenation characteristics of natural precursor coconut kernel is studied in this work. The hydrogen storage measurement reveals that the as-synthesized materials have good hydrogen adsorption and desorption capacity with fast kinetics. The synthesized material absorbs 8 wt.% of hydrogen at liquid nitrogen temperature and 2.3 wt.% at room temperature. This could be due to the presence of certain elements (KCl, Mg, Ca) which are confirmed by TEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut%20kernel" title="coconut kernel">coconut kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonization" title=" carbonization"> carbonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogenation" title=" hydrogenation"> hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KCl" title=" KCl"> KCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mg" title=" Mg"> Mg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ca" title=" Ca"> Ca</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12194/hydrogen-storage-in-carbonized-coconut-meat-kernel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> Thermal Stability of Hydrogen in ZnO Bulk and Thin Films: A Kinetic Monte Carlo Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Lahmer">M. A. Lahmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Guergouri"> K. Guergouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method was applied to study the thermal stability of hydrogen in ZnO bulk and thin films. Our simulation includes different possible events such as interstitial hydrogen (Hi) jumps, substitutional hydrogen (HO) formation and dissociation, oxygen and zinc vacancies jumps, hydrogen-VZn complexes formation and dissociation, HO-Hi complex formation and hydrogen molecule (H2) formation and dissociation. The obtained results show that the hidden hydrogen formed during thermal annealing or at room temperature is constituted of both hydrogen molecule and substitutional hydrogen. The ratio of this constituants depends on the initial defects concentration as well as the annealing temperature. For annealing temperature below 300°C hidden hydrogen was found to be constituted from both substitutional hydrogen and hydrogen molecule, however, for higher temperature it is composed essentially from HO defects only because H2 was found to be unstable. In the other side, our results show that the remaining hydrogen amount in sample during thermal annealing depend greatly on the oxygen vacancies in the material. H2 molecule was found to be stable for thermal annealing up to 200°C, VZnHn complexes are stable up to 350°C and HO was found to be stable up to 450°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title="ZnO">ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20annealing" title=" thermal annealing"> thermal annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20Monte%20Carlo" title=" kinetic Monte Carlo"> kinetic Monte Carlo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8488/thermal-stability-of-hydrogen-in-zno-bulk-and-thin-films-a-kinetic-monte-carlo-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1096</span> Electrolysis Ship for Green Hydrogen Production and Possible Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20David%20Hunt">Julian David Hunt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Nascimento"> Andreas Nascimento</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green hydrogen is the most environmental, renewable alternative to produce hydrogen. However, an important challenge to make hydrogen a competitive energy carrier is a constant supply of renewable energy, such as solar, wind and hydropower. Given that the electricity generation potential of these sources vary seasonally and interannually, this paper proposes installing an electrolysis hydrogen production plant in a ship and move the ship to the locations where electricity is cheap, or where the seasonal potential for renewable generation is high. An example of electrolysis ship application is to produce green hydrogen with hydropower from the North region of Brazil and then sail to the Northeast region of Brazil and generate hydrogen using excess electricity from offshore wind power. The electrolysis ship concept is interesting because it has the flexibility to produce green hydrogen using the cheapest renewable electricity available in the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20hydrogen" title="green hydrogen">green hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolysis%20ship" title=" electrolysis ship"> electrolysis ship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energies" title=" renewable energies"> renewable energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variations" title=" seasonal variations"> seasonal variations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133018/electrolysis-ship-for-green-hydrogen-production-and-possible-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1095</span> Enhanced Stability of Piezoelectric Crystalline Phase of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) and Its Copolymer upon Epitaxial Relationships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devi%20Eka%20Septiyani%20Arifin">Devi Eka Septiyani Arifin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jrjeng%20Ruan"> Jrjeng Ruan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an approach to manipulate the performance of polymer thin film, epitaxy crystallization within polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) was studied in this research, which involves the competition between phase separation and crystal growth of constitutive semicrystalline polymers. The unique piezoelectric feature of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystalline phase is derived from the packing of molecular chains in all-trans conformation, which spatially arranges all the substituted fluorene atoms on one side of the molecular chain and hydrogen atoms on the other side. Therefore, the net dipole moment is induced across the lateral packing of molecular chains. Nevertheless, due to the mutual repulsion among fluorene atoms, this all-trans molecular conformation is not stable, and ready to change above curie temperature, where thermal energy is sufficient to cause segmental rotation. This research attempts to explore whether the epitaxial interactions between piezoelectric crystals and crystal lattice of hexamethylbenzene (HMB) crystalline platelet is able to stabilize this metastable all-trans molecular conformation or not. As an aromatic crystalline compound, the melt of HMB was surprisingly found able to dissolve the poly(vinylidene fluoride), resulting in homogeneous eutectic solution. Thus, after quenching this binary eutectic mixture to room temperature, subsequent heating or annealing processes were designed to explore the involve phase separation and crystallization behavior. The phase transition behaviors were observed in-situ by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular packing was observed via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the principles of electron diffraction were brought to study the internal crystal structure epitaxially developed within thin films. Obtained results clearly indicated the occurrence of heteroepitaxy of PVDF/PVDF-TrFE on HMB crystalline platelet. Both the concentration of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and the mixing ratios of these two constitutive polymers have been adopted as the influential factors for studying the competition between the epitaxial crystallization of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) on HMB crystalline. Furthermore, the involved epitaxial relationship is to be deciphered and studied as a potential factor capable of guiding the wide spread of piezoelectric crystalline form. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epitaxy" title="epitaxy">epitaxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20platelet" title=" crystalline platelet"> crystalline platelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film%20and%20mixing%20ratio" title=" thin film and mixing ratio"> thin film and mixing ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46158/enhanced-stability-of-piezoelectric-crystalline-phase-of-polyvinylidene-fluoride-pvdf-and-its-copolymer-upon-epitaxial-relationships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1094</span> The Influence of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas Networks on Gas Appliances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yitong%20Xie">Yitong Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaokui%20Qin"> Chaokui Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiguang%20Chen"> Zhiguang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuangqian%20Guo"> Shuangqian Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Injecting hydrogen, a competitive carbon-free energy carrier, into existing natural gas networks has become a promising step toward alleviating global warming. Considering the differences in properties of hydrogen and natural gas, there is very little evidence showing how many degrees of hydrogen admixture can be accepted and how to adjust appliances to adapt to gas constituents' variation. The lack of this type of analysis provides more uncertainty in injecting hydrogen into networks because of the short the basis of burner design and adjustment. First, the properties of methane and hydrogen were compared for a comprehensive analysis of the impact of hydrogen addition to methane. As the main determinant of flame stability, the burning velocity was adopted for hydrogen addition analysis. Burning velocities for hydrogen-enriched natural gas with different hydrogen percentages and equivalence ratios were calculated by the software CHEMKIN. Interchangeability methods, including single index methods, multi indices methods, and diagram methods, were adopted to determine the limit of hydrogen percentage. Cooktops and water heaters were experimentally tested in the laboratory. Flame structures of different hydrogen percentages and equivalence ratios were observed and photographed. Besides, the change in heat efficiency, burner temperature, emission by hydrogen percentage, and equivalence ratio was studied. The experiment methodologies and results in this paper provide an important basis for the introduction of hydrogen into gas pipelines and the adjustment of gas appliances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane" title=" methane"> methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appliances" title=" appliances"> appliances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interchangeability" title=" interchangeability"> interchangeability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151532/the-influence-of-hydrogen-addition-to-natural-gas-networks-on-gas-appliances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1093</span> Study on the Suppression of Hydrogen Generation by Aluminum-Containing Waste Incineration Ash and Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideyuki%20Onodera">Hideyuki Onodera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryoji%20Imai"> Ryoji Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Sakai"> Masahiro Sakai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Explosions have occurred in incineration plants in conveyors, ash pits, and other locations. The cause of such explosions is thought to be the reaction of metallic aluminum contained in the ash with water used to cool the ash and prevent scattering, resulting in the generation of hydrogen. Given this background, conveyors and other equipment have been damaged by explosions, which has hindered the stable operation of incineration plants. In addition, workers may be injured by equipment explosions, creating an unsafe situation. To remedy these problems, it is necessary to devise a way to prevent hydrogen explosions from occurring. To overcome this problem, we conducted a hydrogen generation reaction experiment using simulated incinerator ash powder containing aluminum, calcium oxide, and water and confirmed that conditions exist to stop the hydrogen generation reaction. The results of this research may contribute to the suppression of hydrogen explosions at incineration plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20incinerated%20ash" title="waste incinerated ash">waste incinerated ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum" title=" aluminum"> aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppression%20of%20hydrogen%20generation" title=" suppression of hydrogen generation"> suppression of hydrogen generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incineration%20plant" title=" incineration plant"> incineration plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186080/study-on-the-suppression-of-hydrogen-generation-by-aluminum-containing-waste-incineration-ash-and-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1092</span> Modelling Fluoride Pollution of Groundwater Using Artificial Neural Network in the Western Parts of Jharkhand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeta%20Kumari">Neeta Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gopal%20Pathak"> Gopal Pathak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial neural network has been proved to be an efficient tool for non-parametric modeling of data in various applications where output is non-linearly associated with input. It is a preferred tool for many predictive data mining applications because of its power , flexibility, and ease of use. A standard feed forward networks (FFN) is used to predict the groundwater fluoride content. The ANN model is trained using back propagated algorithm, Tansig and Logsig activation function having varying number of neurons. The models are evaluated on the basis of statistical performance criteria like Root Mean Squarred Error (RMSE) and Regression coefficient (R2), bias (mean error), Coefficient of variation (CV), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the index of agreement (IOA). The results of the study indicate that Artificial neural network (ANN) can be used for groundwater fluoride prediction in the limited data situation in the hard rock region like western parts of Jharkhand with sufficiently good accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20neural%20network%20%28ANN%29" title="Artificial neural network (ANN)">Artificial neural network (ANN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FFN%20%28Feed-forward%20network%29" title=" FFN (Feed-forward network)"> FFN (Feed-forward network)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backpropagation%20algorithm" title=" backpropagation algorithm"> backpropagation algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levenberg-Marquardt%20algorithm" title=" Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm"> Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20fluoride%20contamination" title=" groundwater fluoride contamination"> groundwater fluoride contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19324/modelling-fluoride-pollution-of-groundwater-using-artificial-neural-network-in-the-western-parts-of-jharkhand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1091</span> Recovery of Hydrogen Converter Efficiency Affected by Poisoning of Catalyst with Increasing of Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enayat%20Enayati">Enayat Enayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Behtash"> Reza Behtash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the H2 removal system is to reduce a content of hydrogen and other combustibles in the CO2 feed owing to avoid developing a possible explosive condition in the synthesis. In order to reduce the possibility of forming an explosive gas mixture in the synthesis as much as possible, the hydrogen percent in the fresh CO2, will be removed in hydrogen converter. Therefore the partly compressed CO2/Air mixture is led through Hydrogen converter (Reactor) where the H2, present in the CO2, is reduced by catalytic combustion to values less than 50 ppm (vol). According the following exothermic chemical reaction: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + Heat. The catalyst in hydrogen converter consist of platinum on a aluminum oxide carrier. Low catalyst activity maybe due to catalyst poisoning. This will result in an increase of the hydrogen content in the CO2 to the synthesis. It is advised to shut down the plant when the outlet of hydrogen converter increased above 100 ppm, to prevent undesirable gas composition in the plant. Replacement of catalyst will be time exhausting and costly so as to prevent this, we increase the inlet temperature of hydrogen converter according to following Arrhenius' equation: K=K0e (-E_a/RT) K is rate constant of a chemical reaction where K0 is the pre-exponential factor, E_a is the activation energy, and R is the universal gas constant. Increment of inlet temperature of hydrogen converter caused to increase the rate constant of chemical reaction and so declining the amount of hydrogen from 125 ppm to 70 ppm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title="catalyst">catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=converter" title=" converter"> converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poisoning" title=" poisoning"> poisoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature "> temperature </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28704/recovery-of-hydrogen-converter-efficiency-affected-by-poisoning-of-catalyst-with-increasing-of-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">819</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fluoride&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fluoride&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fluoride&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fluoride&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fluoride&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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