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id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_silence_of_Telephus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_silence_of_Telephus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 The silence of Telephus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_silence_of_Telephus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_in_Mysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_in_Mysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 King in Mysia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-King_in_Mysia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle King in Mysia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-King_in_Mysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Summary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attacked_by_the_Greeks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacked_by_the_Greeks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Attacked by the Greeks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacked_by_the_Greeks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wound_and_healing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wound_and_healing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Wound and healing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wound_and_healing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wives_and_offspring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wives_and_offspring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Wives and offspring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wives_and_offspring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Iconography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Iconography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Telephus_frieze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telephus_frieze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Telephus frieze </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telephus_frieze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suckled_by_a_deer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suckled_by_a_deer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Suckled by a deer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suckled_by_a_deer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wounded_by_Achilles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wounded_by_Achilles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Wounded by Achilles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wounded_by_Achilles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-At_Agamemnon's_altar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_Agamemnon's_altar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 At Agamemnon's altar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-At_Agamemnon's_altar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healed_by_Achilles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healed_by_Achilles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Healed by Achilles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healed_by_Achilles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tragic_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tragic_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Tragic tradition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tragic_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pergamon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pergamon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Pergamon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pergamon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cult" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cult"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Cult </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cult-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" > 29 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تيليفوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيليفوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef" title="Telef – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Telef" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Тэлеф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэлеф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Телеф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телеф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefos" title="Telefos – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Telefos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8lef" title="Tèlef – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tèlef" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefos" title="Telefos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Telefos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephos" title="Telephos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Telephos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τήλεφος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τήλεφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9lefo" title="Télefo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Télefo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefo" title="Telefo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Telefo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تلفوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلفوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe" title="Télèphe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télèphe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Տելեփոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տելեփոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefos" title="Telefos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telefos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefo" title="Telefo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telefo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAlefos" title="Têlefos – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Têlefos" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephus" title="Telephus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telephus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephus" title="Telephus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telephus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B9" title="テーレポス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テーレポス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%A8f" title="Telèf – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Telèf" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefos" title="Telefos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telefos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9lefo" title="Télefo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Télefo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephus" title="Telephus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telephus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Телеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Телеф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Телеф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef" title="Telef – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Telef" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefos" title="Telefos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Telefos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Телеф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телеф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q916442#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Son of Heracles in Greek mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Telephus the son of Heracles. For the Indo-Greek king, see <a href="/wiki/Telephos_Euergetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephos Euergetes">Telephos Euergetes</a>. The name also refers to the father of <a href="/wiki/Cyparissus" title="Cyparissus">Cyparissus</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herakles_and_Telephos_Louvre_MR219.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Herakles_and_Telephos_Louvre_MR219.jpg/220px-Herakles_and_Telephos_Louvre_MR219.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Herakles_and_Telephos_Louvre_MR219.jpg/330px-Herakles_and_Telephos_Louvre_MR219.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Herakles_and_Telephos_Louvre_MR219.jpg/440px-Herakles_and_Telephos_Louvre_MR219.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3640" /></a><figcaption>Heracles with the infant Telephus and deer, mid second century AD. <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> MA 75.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, Telephus (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈtɛlɪfəs/</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Τήλεφος, Tēlephos, "far-shining")<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> was the son of <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auge" title="Auge">Auge</a>, who was the daughter of king <a href="/wiki/Aleus" title="Aleus">Aleus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tegea" title="Tegea">Tegea</a>. He was adopted by <a href="/wiki/Teuthras" title="Teuthras">Teuthras</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, whom he succeeded as king. Telephus was wounded by <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Achaeans</a> came to his kingdom on their way to sack <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> and bring <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a> back to <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, and later healed by Achilles. He was the father of <a href="/wiki/Eurypylus_(son_of_Telephus)" title="Eurypylus (son of Telephus)">Eurypylus</a>, who fought alongside the <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Trojans</a> against the Greeks in the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>. Telephus' story was popular in ancient Greek and Roman <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a>. Telephus' name and mythology were possibly derived from the <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a> god <a href="/wiki/Telipinu_(mythology)" title="Telipinu (mythology)">Telepinu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth_to_adulthood">Birth to adulthood</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Birth to adulthood">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%A9rcules_e_T%C3%A9lefo_-_afresco_romano_-_Herculano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/H%C3%A9rcules_e_T%C3%A9lefo_-_afresco_romano_-_Herculano.jpg/220px-H%C3%A9rcules_e_T%C3%A9lefo_-_afresco_romano_-_Herculano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/H%C3%A9rcules_e_T%C3%A9lefo_-_afresco_romano_-_Herculano.jpg/330px-H%C3%A9rcules_e_T%C3%A9lefo_-_afresco_romano_-_Herculano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/H%C3%A9rcules_e_T%C3%A9lefo_-_afresco_romano_-_Herculano.jpg/440px-H%C3%A9rcules_e_T%C3%A9lefo_-_afresco_romano_-_Herculano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Heracles finds Telephus suckled by a deer, with Arkadia, <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a> and a winged Virgo looking on, first century AD. <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum</a> 9008.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</a>]</div> Telephus' mother was <a href="/wiki/Auge" title="Auge">Auge</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Aleus" title="Aleus">Aleus</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Tegea" title="Tegea">Tegea</a>, a city in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> of mainland Greece. His father was <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, who had seduced or raped Auge, a priestess of Athena. When Aleus found out, he tried to dispose of mother and child, but eventually both ended up in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> at the court of <a href="/wiki/Teuthras" title="Teuthras">Teuthras</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a>, where Telephus was adopted as the childless king's heir. There were three versions of how Telephus, the son of an Arcadian princess, came to be the heir of a Mysian king.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In the oldest extant account, Auge goes to Mysia, is raised as a daughter by Teuthras, and Telephus is born there.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In some accounts Telephus arrives in Mysia as an infant with his mother, where Teuthras marries Auge, and adopts Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In others, while Auge (in various ways) is delivered to the Mysian court where she again becomes wife to the king, Telephus is instead left behind in Arcadia, having been abandoned on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parthenion" title="Mount Parthenion">Mount Parthenion</a>, either by Aleus,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> or by Auge when she gave birth while being taken to the sea by <a href="/wiki/Nauplius_(mythology)" title="Nauplius (mythology)">Nauplius</a> to be drowned.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> However Telephus is suckled by a deer<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> found and raised by King <a href="/wiki/Corythus" title="Corythus">Corythus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> or his herdsmen.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Seeking knowledge of his mother, Telephus consulted the Delphic oracle which directed him to Mysia,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> where he was reunited with Auge and adopted by Teuthras.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> A surviving fragment of the Hesiodic <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a> (sixth century BC),<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> representing perhaps the oldest tradition,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> places Telephus' birth in Mysia. In this telling Telephus' mother Auge had been received at the court of Teuthras in Mysia (possibly at the command of the gods) and raised by him as a daughter.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> And it is in Mysia that Heracles, while seeking the horses of <a href="/wiki/Laomedon" title="Laomedon">Laomedon</a>, fathers Telephus. All other surviving sources have Telephus born in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The oldest such account (c. 490–480 BC), by the historian and geographer <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus</a>, says that Heracles used to have sex with Auge whenever he came to Tegea. We are told this by the second-century traveler <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, who goes on to say, perhaps drawing upon Hecataeus, that when Aleus discovered that Auge had given birth to Telephus, he had mother and child shut up in a wooden chest and cast adrift on the open sea. The chest made its way from Arcadia to the <a href="/wiki/Bak%C4%B1r%C3%A7ay" title="Bakırçay">Caicus</a> river plain in Asia Minor, where the local king <a href="/wiki/Teuthras" title="Teuthras">Teuthras</a> married Auge.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, in the fifth century BC, wrote a tragedy Aleadae (The sons of Aleus), which apparently told the circumstances of Telephus' birth.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The play is lost and only fragments now remain, but a declamation attributed to the fourth-century BC orator <a href="/wiki/Alcidamas" title="Alcidamas">Alcidamas</a> probably used Sophocles' Aleadae for one of its sources.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> According to Alcidamas, Auge's father Aleus had been warned by the <a href="/wiki/Delphic_oracle" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphic oracle">Delphic oracle</a> that if Auge had a son, then this grandson would kill Aleus' sons, so Aleus made Auge a priestess of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, telling her she must remain a virgin, on pain of death.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> But Heracles passing through Tegea, being entertained by Aleus in the temple of Athena, became enamored of Auge and while drunk had sex with her. Aleus discovered that Auge was pregnant and gave her to <a href="/wiki/Nauplius_(mythology)" title="Nauplius (mythology)">Nauplius</a> to be drowned. But, on the way to the sea, Auge gave birth to Telephus on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parthenion" title="Mount Parthenion">Mount Parthenion</a>, and according to Alcidamas, Nauplius, ignoring his orders, sold mother and child to the childless Mysian king Teuthras, who married Auge and adopted Telephus, and "later gave him to Priam to be educated at Troy". Alcidamas' version of the story must have diverged from Sophocles in at least this last respect. For, rather than the infant Telephus being sold to Teuthras, as in Alcidamas, an Aleadae fragment seems to insure that in the Sophoclean play, as in many later accounts (see above), the new-born Telephus was instead abandoned (on Mount Parthenion?), where he is suckled by a deer.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0_Hercule_et_T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_(Vatican).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/0_Hercule_et_T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_%28Vatican%29.JPG/220px-0_Hercule_et_T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_%28Vatican%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/0_Hercule_et_T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_%28Vatican%29.JPG/330px-0_Hercule_et_T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_%28Vatican%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/0_Hercule_et_T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_%28Vatican%29.JPG/440px-0_Hercule_et_T%C3%A9l%C3%A8phe_-_Museo_Chiaramonti_%28Vatican%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Marble statue of Hercules holding baby Telephus in his arms. Ancient Roman copy from a Greek original of 4th century BC. Found in the 16th century in Campo de’ Fiori in Rome. <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Chiaramonti" class="extiw" title="it:Museo Chiaramonti">it:Museo Chiaramonti</a>, the Vatican</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> wrote a play Auge (408 BC?) which also dealt with Telephus' birth. The play is lost, but a summary of the plot can be pieced together from various later sources, in particular a narrative summary, given by the <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenian</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> A drunken Heracles,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> during a festival of Athena, rapes "Athena's priestess Auge, daughter of Aleus, as she conducted the dances during the nocturnal rites."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Auge gives birth secretly in Athena's temple at Tegea, and hides the new-born Telephus there.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The child is discovered, and Aleus orders Telephus exposed and Auge drowned, but Heracles returns and apparently saves the pair from immediate death, and the play perhaps ended with the assurance (from Athena to Heracles?) that Auge and Telephus would be wife and son to Teuthras.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, gives a version of the story similar to Pausanias', saying that, after discovering "her ruin by Heracles", Aleus put Auge and Telephus into a chest and cast it into the sea, that it washed up at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Caicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caicus">Caicus</a>, and that Teuthras married Auge, and adopted Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Later accounts by the first-century BC Historian <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> and the 1st or second-century AD mythographer <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a> provide additional details and variations.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Diodorus, as in Alcidamas' account, says that Aleus gave the pregnant Auge to Nauplius to be drowned, that she gave birth to Telephus near Mount Parthenion, and that she ended up with Teuthras in Mysia. But in Diodorus' account, instead of being sold, along with his mother, to Teuthras, Telephus is abandoned by Auge "in some bushes", where he is suckled by a doe, and found by herdsmen. They give him to their king <a href="/wiki/Corythus" title="Corythus">Corythus</a>, who raises Telephus as his son. When Telephus grows up, wishing to find his mother, he consults the oracle at Delphi, which sends him to king Teuthras in Mysia. There he finds Auge and, as before, is adopted by the childless king, and made his heir.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Apollodorus, as in Euripides' Auge, says that Auge delivered Telephus secretly in Athena's temple, and hid him there.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Apollodorus adds that an ensuing famine, was declared by an oracle to be the result of some impiety in the temple, and a search of the temple caused Telephus to be found.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Aleus had Telephus exposed on Parthenion, where as in Sophocles' Aleadae, he is suckled by a doe. According to Apollodorus, he was found and raised by herdsman.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> As in Diodorus' account, Telephus consults the oracle at Delphi, is sent to Mysia, where he becomes the adopted heir of Teuthras. According to the mythographer <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a> (whose account is apparently taken from an older tragic source, probably Sophocles' Mysians),<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> after Auge abandoned Telephus on Mount Parthenion<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> she fled to Mysia where, as in the Catalogue of Women, she became the adopted daughter (not wife) of Teuthras.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> When Telephus goes to Mysia on the instruction of the oracle, Teuthras promises him his kingdom and his daughter Auge in marriage if he would defeat his enemy <a href="/wiki/Idas" class="mw-redirect" title="Idas">Idas</a>. This Telephus did, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Parthenopeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenopeus">Parthenopeus</a>, a childhood companion who had been found as a baby on Mount Parthenion at the same time as Telephus, and was raised together with him. Teuthras then gave Auge to Telephus, but Auge still faithful to Heracles, attacked Telephus with a sword in their wedding chamber, but the gods intervened sending a serpent to separate them, causing Auge to drop her sword. Just as Telephus was about to kill Auge, she called out to Heracles for rescue and Telephus then recognized his mother.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_silence_of_Telephus">The silence of Telephus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The silence of Telephus">edit</a>]</div> Presumably Sophocles' Aleadae (The Sons of Aleus) told how Telephus, while still in Arcadia, prior to going to Mysia in search of his mother, killed Aleus' sons, thereby fulfilling the oracle. Ancient sources confirm the killing, however virtually nothing is known of how this may have come about.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The murder of his uncles would have caused Telephus to become religiously polluted, and in need of purification, and apparently, Greek religious practice required criminal homicides to remain silent until their blood-guilt could be expiated.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Poetics" title="Poetics">Poetics</a>, in a reference to Telephus' appearance in a tragedy called Mysians, mentions "the man who came from Tegea to Mysia without speaking".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> And indeed, the silence of Telephus was apparently "proverbial".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The comic poet <a href="/wiki/Alexis_(poet)" title="Alexis (poet)">Alexis</a> writes about a voracious dinner guest who like "Telephus in speechless silence sits, / Making but signs to those who ask him questions", presumably too intent on eating to converse.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> And another comic poet <a href="/wiki/Amphis" title="Amphis">Amphis</a>, complains about fishmongers who "mute they stand like Telephus", going on to say that the comparison of the fishmongers to Telephus is apt since "they all are homicides".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King_in_Mysia">King in Mysia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: King in Mysia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_2">Summary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attacked_by_the_Greeks">Attacked by the Greeks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Attacked by the Greeks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg/220px-Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg/330px-Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg/440px-Achilles_fighting_against_Memnon_Leiden_Rijksmuseum_voor_Oudheden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>; ancient Greek polychromatic <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_vase_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek vase painting">pottery painting</a> (dating to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300 BC)</figcaption></figure> Telephus was made the heir of Teuthras' kingdom of Teuthrania in Mysia, and eventually succeeded Teuthras as its king.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> During Telephus' reign, in a prelude to the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, the Greeks attacked Telephus' city mistaking it for <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Telephus routed the Greeks, killing <a href="/wiki/Thersander" title="Thersander">Thersander</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Polynices" title="Polynices">Polynices</a>, and forcing the Greeks back to their ships. But Telephus was tripped by a vine and wounded in the thigh by <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>' spear. According to <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Scholiast" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholiast">scholiast</a> on <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>, Telephus was tripped while fleeing from Achilles' attack.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The scholiast says that <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> caused the vine to trip Telephus because Telephus had failed to properly honor him.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Dionysus' involvement is attested by a late sixth-century or early fifth-century BC <a href="/wiki/Red-figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-figure">red-figure</a> <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">calyx krater</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a> give detailed elaborations of all these events.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wound_and_healing">Wound and healing</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wound and healing">edit</a>]</div> The Mysians were victorious, and the Greeks returned home, but Telephus' wound would not heal. Telephus consulted the oracle of Apollo which gave the famous reply ὁ τρώσας ἰάσεται ("your assailant will heal you"). So Telephus went to <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> to seek a cure, and there was healed by Achilles.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In return Telephus agreed to guide the Greeks to Troy.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Apollodorus and Hyginus tell us that rust scraped from Achilles' spear was the healing agent.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The healing of Telephus was a frequent theme in <a href="/wiki/Augustan_literature_(ancient_Rome)" title="Augustan literature (ancient Rome)">Augustan age</a> and later Roman poetry.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The Pharmacologia of John Ayrton Paris identifies <a href="/wiki/Verdigris" title="Verdigris">verdigris</a>, which has medicinal properties, as the healing rust of the spear. <a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_2">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> There is no mention of the battle in Mysia in the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Cypria</a> (late seventh century BC?), one of the poems of the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a>, told the story. According to Proclus' summary of the Cypria, the Greeks mistook Mysia for Troy, Telephus killed Thersander, but was wounded by Achilles. Telephus, guided by an oracle, came to Argos, where Achilles cured him in return for Telephus guiding the Greeks to Troy.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a> (c. 522–443 BC), knew the story of Telephus' wounding by Achilles, presumably after being tripped by a vine: "Achilles, who stained the vine-covered plain of Mysia, spattering it with the dark blood of Telephus".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telephus_with_bandaged_thigh_Wellcome_V0016507.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Telephus_with_bandaged_thigh_Wellcome_V0016507.jpg/220px-Telephus_with_bandaged_thigh_Wellcome_V0016507.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Telephus_with_bandaged_thigh_Wellcome_V0016507.jpg/330px-Telephus_with_bandaged_thigh_Wellcome_V0016507.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Telephus_with_bandaged_thigh_Wellcome_V0016507.jpg/440px-Telephus_with_bandaged_thigh_Wellcome_V0016507.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="3638" /></a><figcaption>Telephus seated on altar, with bandaged thigh, holding a spear and the infant Orestes. Detail from an Athenian red-figure <a href="/wiki/Pelike" title="Pelike">pelike</a>, c. 450 BC, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> E 382.</figcaption></figure> Each of the three <a href="/wiki/Tragedian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragedian">tragedians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> wrote plays, all now lost, telling Telephus' story.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Euripides' play Telephus (438 BC), dramatized Telephus' trip to Argos seeking a cure for his festering wound. In Euripides' account, Telephus disguised himself as a beggar dressed in rags. After his disguise was revealed, Telephus seized the Greek king <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>'s infant son <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> to use as a hostage. But it was discovered that Telephus was a Greek by birth, and Telephus agreed to guide the Greek army to Troy, in return for Achilles' healing his wound.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Orestes being held hostage by Telephus was already being illustrated on <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figure pottery</a> possibly as early as the second quarter of the fifth century,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> and the scene perhaps also appeared previously in Aeschylus' presentation of the story.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> mirror, from the second half of the fourth century BC (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antikensammlung_Berlin" title="Antikensammlung Berlin">Antikensammlung</a> Fr. 35)<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a> (c. first century BC) from <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum</a> 6591)<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> are interpreted as depicting Achilles healing Telephus with rust from his spear. <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (first-century AD) describes paintings (undated) which depicted Achilles scraping rust from his spear into the wound of Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> One such painting was perhaps attributed by tradition to the fifth-century BC Athenian painter <a href="/wiki/Parrhasius_(painter)" title="Parrhasius (painter)">Parrhasius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The first literary references to the use of rust scraped from Achilles' spear as the healing agent for Telephus' wound are found in the first-century BC Roman poets <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Apollodorus gives a version of the Mysian expedition, probably drawn directly from the Cypria.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Apollodorus' account agrees with Proclus' summary, but gives more of the story. Telephus killed many Greeks in addition to Thersander, but was tripped by a vine while fleeing from Achilles. Apollo told Telephus that his wound "would be cured when the one who wounded him should turn physician". So Telephus went to Argos "clad in rags" (as in Euripides' Telephus) and, promising to guide the Greeks to Troy, begged Achilles to cure him, which Achilles did by using rust scraped from his spear. Telephus then showed the Greeks the way to Troy. The A scholia on <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> 1.59, agrees with Proclus' and Apollodorus' accounts, but attributes the vine-tripping to Dionysus, angry because of unpaid honors, and adds that in addition to leading the Greeks to Troy, Telephus also agreed not to aid the Trojans in the coming war.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Hyginus' account seems to be based, in part at least, on one or more of the tragedians' lost plays.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Hyginus tells of the wound inflicted by Achilles' spear, the wound's festering, and Telephus' consulting of the Apollo's oracle, with the answer that "the only thing that could cure him was the very same spear by which he had been wounded."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> So Telephus sought out Agamemnon, and on the advice of Agamemnon's wife Clytemnestra, Telephus snatched their infant son Orestes from his cradle, and threatened to kill the child unless his wound was healed. As the Greeks had also received an oracle saying that they would not be able to take Troy without Telephus' aid, they asked Achilles to heal Telephus. When Achilles protested he did not know anything about medicine, Odysseus pointed out that Apollo did not mean Achilles, but that the spear itself would be the cure. So they scraped rust from the spear into the wound, and Telephus was cured. The Greeks then asked Telephus to join them in sacking Troy, but Telephus refused because his wife <a href="/wiki/Laodice_(daughter_of_Priam)" title="Laodice (daughter of Priam)">Laodice</a> was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a>, the king of Troy.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> However, Telephus did promise to be the Greeks' guide to Troy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wives_and_offspring">Wives and offspring</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wives and offspring">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg/250px-Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg/375px-Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg/500px-Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2688" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a> killing Eurypylus? <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a> <a href="/wiki/Black-figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-figure">black-figure</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria">hydria</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Antimenes_Painter" title="Antimenes Painter">Antimenes Painter</a>, 550–500 BC, <a href="/wiki/Martin_von_Wagner_Museum" title="Martin von Wagner Museum">Martin von Wagner Museum</a> L 309.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></figcaption></figure> The earliest mention of Telephus, which occurs in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> (c. eighth century BC), says that Telephus had a son <a href="/wiki/Eurypylus_(son_of_Telephus)" title="Eurypylus (son of Telephus)">Eurypylus</a>, who died at <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Nothing is said there about who Eurypylus' mother was, but all ancient sources that do mention Eurypylus' mother say that she was <a href="/wiki/Astyoche" title="Astyoche">Astyoche</a>, who was (usually) Priam's sister.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Eurypylus led a large force of Mysians to fight on the side of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> during the final stages of the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Eurypylus was a great warrior, and killed many opponents, including <a href="/wiki/Machaon_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Machaon (physician)">Machaon</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nireus" title="Nireus">Nireus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> but was finally killed by <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>' son <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The irony of Achilles' son killing Telephus' son using the same spear that Achilles had used to both wound and heal Telephus, apparently figured in Sophocles' lost play Eurypylus.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, Eurypylus had a son, Grynus, who became king in Mysia and was known as the eponym of <a href="/wiki/Gryneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gryneion">Gryneion</a> and the founder of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Three other wives are given for Telephus, with no mention of offspring. According to Hyginus (as mentioned above) Telephus' wife was Priam's daughter <a href="/wiki/Laodice_(daughter_of_Priam)" title="Laodice (daughter of Priam)">Laodice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, Telephus married <a href="/wiki/Agriope" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriope">Agriope</a> a daughter of Teuthras.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a> says that Hiera, the leader of a contingent of Mysian women cavalry, killed in battle by <a href="/wiki/Nireus" title="Nireus">Nireus</a>, was the wife of Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The Amazon-like Hiera had already been portrayed, on horseback, leading the Mysian women into battle, on the second-century BC <a href="/wiki/Telephus_frieze" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephus frieze">Telephus frieze</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Altar" title="Pergamon Altar">Pergamon Altar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Three other offspring of Telephus are given which link Telephus with Italian myths.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>'s Alexandra, the legendary founders of the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization#Etruscan_League" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan Dodecapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarchon" title="Tarchon">Tarchon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenus" title="Tyrrhenus">Tyrensus</a> (also spelled Tyrrhenus) are the sons of Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> That Tyrrhenus was said to be the son of Telephus is also reported by <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Neither Lycophron nor Dionysius mention the name of their mother, although apparently according to some, their mother was Hiera.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> says that, according to one account, Telephus was the father of a daughter, Roma, from whom the city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> took its name.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iconography">edit</a>]</div> Over a hundred entries for Telephus are cataloged in the <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a> (LIMC).<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Most representations associated with Telephus are late, with only a few earlier than the fourth century BC.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Early examples include Attic <a href="/wiki/Red-figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-figure">red-figure</a> pottery from as early as c. 510 BC, and East-Ionian <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gems" class="mw-redirect" title="Engraved gems">engraved gems</a> (c. 480 BC). Scenes showing Telephus suckled by a deer or holding Orestes hostage were particularly popular. Other scenes include either his wounding or his healing by Achilles. The most complete single account of the life of Telephus is depicted in the first-century BC <a href="/wiki/Telephus_frieze" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephus frieze">Telephus frieze</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telephus_frieze">Telephus frieze</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Telephus frieze">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telephus_frieze" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephus frieze">Telephus frieze</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_42.jpg/220px-Pergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_42.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_42.jpg/330px-Pergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_42.jpg/440px-Pergamon_Altar_-_Telephus_frieze_-_panel_42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1442" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>Telephus threatens the infant Orestes, at Agamemnon's altar. Telephus frieze (panel 42), second century BC. <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antikensammlung_Berlin" title="Antikensammlung Berlin">Antikensammlung</a> T.I.71 and 72.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Telephus_frieze" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephus frieze">Telephus frieze</a> (between 180 and 156 BC)<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> formed part of the decoration of the <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Altar" title="Pergamon Altar">Pergamon Altar</a>. The frieze adorned the inside walls of the colonnade that surrounded the raised interior court containing the sacrificial altar.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> It was nearly 60 meters in length,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and was composed of around 74 marble panels each 1.58 meters high, of which 47 panels are completely or partially preserved.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The panels depict scenes from the life of Telephus, from events preceding his birth, to perhaps his death and heroizing.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Panels have been interpreted as showing Heracles' first glimpse of Auge in an oak grove (panel 3); carpenters building the vessel in which Auge will be cast into the sea (panels 5–6); Teuthras finding Auge on the shore in Mysia (panel 10); Heracles discovering the abandoned Telephus being suckled by a lioness (panel 12); Telephus receiving arms from Auge, and leaving for the war against Idas (panels 16–18); Teuthras giving Auge to Telephus in marriage (panel 20); and Auge and Telephus, being startled by a serpent, and recognizing each other on their wedding night (panel 21).<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The next several panels have been interpreted as depicting the battle between the Mysians and the Greeks on the <a href="/wiki/Caicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caicus">Caicus</a> plain, including Hiera, Telephus' Amazon-like wife, leading a group of Mysian women cavalry into battle (panels 22–24) and Achilles, aided by Dionysus, wounding Telephus (panels 30–31).<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Scenes follow which have been interpreted as showing Telephus consulting the oracle of Apollo regarding the healing of his wound (panel 1); Telephus arriving at Argos, seeking a cure for his wound (panels 34–35); his welcome there (panels 36–38); a banquet at Argos during which Telephus' identity is revealed (panels 39–40); Telephus threatening the infant Orestes at an altar (panel 42); and presumably his healing by Achilles.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Two final panels perhaps depict Telephus' death and heroizing (panels 47–48).<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suckled_by_a_deer">Suckled by a deer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Suckled by a deer">edit</a>]</div> The abandoned Telephus being suckled by a deer was a frequent iconographic motif.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Except for the Telephus frieze, which depicts the abandoned Telephus being suckled by a lioness, every other depiction of this event shows Telephus suckled by a deer.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The earliest such representations occur on East-Ionian <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gems" class="mw-redirect" title="Engraved gems">engraved gems</a> (c. 480 BC), depicting the infant Telephus keeling or crawling under a standing deer, grasping the deer's teats.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Nearly identical scenes appears on Tegeatic coins from about 370 BC.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Pausanias reports seeing an image of Telephus suckled by a deer on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Helicon" title="Mount Helicon">Mount Helicon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Representations showing Heracles finding Telephus with a deer are also frequent from the first century AD. The scene continued to be popular through the third century AD. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wounded_by_Achilles">Wounded by Achilles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Wounded by Achilles">edit</a>]</div> A late sixth-century or early fifth-century Attic fragmentary red-figure <a href="/wiki/Calyx_krater" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyx krater">calyx krater</a>, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Phintias_(painter)" title="Phintias (painter)">Phintias</a> (St. Petersburg, <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">State Hermitage Museum</a> ST1275) apparently depicted the battle between Telephus and Achilles.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Fragments show <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a>, and a bent over <a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a> (both named), part of a thyrsos, and the inscription "Dionysos". It is presumed that Diomedes is attending to the fallen <a href="/wiki/Thersander_(Epigoni)" title="Thersander (Epigoni)">Thersander</a>, and that the central part of the vase depicted Achilles wounding Telephus, with the aid of the god <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>. According to Pausanias, the battle between the Telephus and Achilles at the Caicus river was also depicted on the West pediment of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Alea" title="Temple of Athena Alea">Temple of Athena Alea</a> at Tegea (finished c. 350–340 BC).<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Only fragments remain of the West pediment, which indicate that Telephus perhaps wore the lion-skin of his father Heracles.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Inscriptions show that Telephus and Auge were represented on the <a href="/wiki/Metope" title="Metope">metopes</a> of the temple,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> and Pausanias also mentions seeing a portrait painting of Auge there.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="At_Agamemnon's_altar">At Agamemnon's altar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: At Agamemnon's altar">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_del_relieve_de_T%C3%A9lefo_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Casa_del_relieve_de_T%C3%A9lefo_09.JPG/250px-Casa_del_relieve_de_T%C3%A9lefo_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Casa_del_relieve_de_T%C3%A9lefo_09.JPG/375px-Casa_del_relieve_de_T%C3%A9lefo_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Casa_del_relieve_de_T%C3%A9lefo_09.JPG/500px-Casa_del_relieve_de_T%C3%A9lefo_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Achilles (right) scrapes rust from his spear on the wound of the seated Telephus, c. first century BC. Marble <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a>, from the House of the Relief of Telephus, <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum</a> 6591.</figcaption></figure> Telephus' taking refuge at Agamemnon's altar, usually with Orestes as hostage, was also a frequent motif.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attic</a> vase painting depicts the scene, often with either <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a>, also present.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Perhaps the earliest example, an Attic <a href="/wiki/Kylix" title="Kylix">kylix</a> cup (c. 470 BC) from Eastern <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">MFA</a> 98.931) shows Telephus, with bandaged thigh, sitting alone on an altar holding two spears.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> An Attic <a href="/wiki/Pelike" title="Pelike">pelike</a> (c. 450 BC), from <a href="/wiki/Vulci" title="Vulci">Vulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> E 382) shows Telephus, with bandaged thigh, sitting on an altar, holding a spear in his right hand, and the infant Orestes with his left arm. From the left, Agamemnon confronts Telephus, with spear.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Later Italic treatments of the scene usually include both Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, often with Clytemnestra or sometimes <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> restraining Agamemnon from attacking Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healed_by_Achilles">Healed by Achilles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Healed by Achilles">edit</a>]</div> The healing of Telephus was, according to tradition, depicted by the fifth-century BC Athenian painter <a href="/wiki/Parrhasius_(painter)" title="Parrhasius (painter)">Parrhasius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> An engraved <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> bronze mirror, from the second half of the fourth century BC (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antikensammlung_Berlin" title="Antikensammlung Berlin">Antikensammlung</a> Fr. 35)<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> and a marble <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a>, c. first century BC, from <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum</a> 6591) <a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> show Achilles healing Telephus with rust from his spear. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tragic_tradition">Tragic tradition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tragic tradition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krater_with_scene_from_Aristophanes%27_Thesmophoriazusae,_Apulia,_c._370_BC,_H_5692_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg,_Germany_-_DSC05863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Krater_with_scene_from_Aristophanes%27_Thesmophoriazusae%2C_Apulia%2C_c._370_BC%2C_H_5692_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05863.jpg/220px-Krater_with_scene_from_Aristophanes%27_Thesmophoriazusae%2C_Apulia%2C_c._370_BC%2C_H_5692_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05863.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Krater_with_scene_from_Aristophanes%27_Thesmophoriazusae%2C_Apulia%2C_c._370_BC%2C_H_5692_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05863.jpg/330px-Krater_with_scene_from_Aristophanes%27_Thesmophoriazusae%2C_Apulia%2C_c._370_BC%2C_H_5692_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Krater_with_scene_from_Aristophanes%27_Thesmophoriazusae%2C_Apulia%2C_c._370_BC%2C_H_5692_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05863.jpg/440px-Krater_with_scene_from_Aristophanes%27_Thesmophoriazusae%2C_Apulia%2C_c._370_BC%2C_H_5692_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="4012" /></a><figcaption>Scene from <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>' <a href="/wiki/Thesmophoriazusae" title="Thesmophoriazusae">Women at the Thesmophoria</a>, (733-755), lampooning the Euripidean Telephus holding <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> hostage. Here, a man disguised as a woman kneels on a sacrificial altar, holding a "toddler" (wineskin "clothed" with children's shoes). The "mother" holds a wine jar ready to catch the "blood" of the slaughtered child. <a href="/wiki/Bell_krater" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell krater">Bell krater</a> from <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, c. 370 BC, <a href="/wiki/Martin_von_Wagner_Museum" title="Martin von Wagner Museum">Martin von Wagner Museum</a> H 5697.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></figcaption></figure> Telephus was a popular tragic hero, whose family history figured in several <a href="/wiki/Greek_tragedies" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek tragedies">Greek tragedies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Aristotle writes that "the best tragedies are written about a few families—<a href="/wiki/Alcmaeon_(mythology)" title="Alcmaeon (mythology)">Alcmaeon</a> for instance and <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thyestes" title="Thyestes">Thyestes</a> and Telephus."<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> All of these plays about Telephus are now lost. We know of them only through preserved fragments, and the reports of other ancient writers. Each of the three great tragedians <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> wrote multiple plays which featured the story. Aeschylus wrote a play called Mysians which perhaps told the story of Telephus coming to Mysia and seeking purification for having killed his maternal uncles.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Aeschylus wrote another play Telephus thought to be a sequel to Mysians, in which Telephus comes to Argos seeking the healing of his wound, and perhaps also included Telephus' seizure of Orestes as hostage.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Sophocles probably wrote at least four plays: Aleadae (The Sons of Aleus), Mysians, Telephus, and Eurypylus, involving Telephus and his family.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> A fifth play The Gathering of the Achaeans possibly also involved Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> A fourth-century BC inscription mentions a Telepheia by Sophocles, which may refer to a trilogy or tetralogy on Telephus, perhaps including one or more of these plays.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The Sons of Aleus presumably told the story of Telephus' killing his uncles, and thus fulfilling the oracle (see above). Fragments suggest a quarrel over Telephus' illegitimate birth, which perhaps resulted in the killings.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Mysians and Telephus are presumed to continue the story of Telephus, after his arrival as an adult in Mysia.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Sophocles' Eurypylus apparently told the story of Tellephus' son Eurypylus, killed at Troy by Achilles son <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The irony of Achilles' son, killing Telephus' son, using the same spear that Achilles had used to heal Telephus, apparently also figured in the tragedy.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Euripides wrote a play Auge (see above) which told the circumstances of Telephus' birth.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> His mother Auge having been raped by a drunken Heracles, the infant Telephus is found in Athena's temple, ordered put to death, but saved by Heracles. Euripides, like Aeschylus and Sophocles, also wrote a play entitled Telephus. Euripides' Telephus (see above) famously<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> told the story of Telephus going to Argos disguised as a beggar where, after taking Orestes as hostage, he agreed to guide the Greeks to Troy in return for the healing of his wound.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> A measure of the fame of Euripides' Telephus can be inferred from two comedies of <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> (c. 446 – c. 386 BC), which extensively parodied the play.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/The_Acharnians" title="The Acharnians">Acharnians</a>, the comic hero of the play, Dicaeopolis, modelled on the Euripidean Telephus, takes as hostage a charcoal basket,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> and borrows Telephus' beggar costume from Euripides (who appears as a character in the play), to wear as a disguise.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_Thesmophoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Women at the Thesmophoria">Women at the Thesmophoria</a>, a kinsman of Euripides (who again is a character in the play), disguises himself (as a women). When he is exposed, he grabs an infant (which turns out to be a disguised wineskin) as hostage, and takes refuge at a sacrificial altar.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Several later tragic poets apparently also wrote plays on the subject. The late fifth-century poet <a href="/wiki/Agathon" title="Agathon">Agathon</a>, (probably the most well known tragedian after Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides) wrote plays with titles Mysians and Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Another late fifth-century poet <a href="/wiki/Iophon" title="Iophon">Iophon</a>, and the fourth-century poets <a href="/wiki/Cleophon_(poet)" title="Cleophon (poet)">Cleophon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moschion_(tragic_poet)" title="Moschion (tragic poet)">Moschion</a>, each wrote plays called Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The fourth-century poet <a href="/wiki/Aphareus_(writer)" title="Aphareus (writer)">Aphareus</a> wrote an Auge,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> Nicomachus of Alexandria in Troas wrote a Mysians.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Roman</a> poets <a href="/wiki/Ennius" title="Ennius">Ennius</a> (c. 239–169 BC), and <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Accius" title="Lucius Accius">Accius</a> (170–c. 86 BC) also wrote plays called Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pergamon">Pergamon</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pergamon">edit</a>]</div> Telephus was considered to be the mythical founder of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a>, as well as the ancestor of the Attalids, Pergamon's ruling dynasty (from 241 BC).<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> As early as a <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Milesian</a> inscription (after 129 BC), the people of Pergamon were called Telephidai, descendants of Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> According to Pausanias, the Pergamon people claimed to be descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadians</a> who had come with Telephus to Mysia.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Inscriptions record the association between Pergamon and Tegea, and the most important cult of Pergamon, the cult of Athena, was said to have been brought from Tegea, and established at Pergamon by Auge.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Their claimed descent from the hero Telephos, as prominently proclaimed by the Telephus frieze, was used by the Attalids to legitimize their claim to sovereignty, and to establish Pergamon's Greek heritage.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Telephus was the object of ritual hero worship at Pergamon. According to Pausanias, the <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamenes</a> sung hymns and made offerings to Telephus.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cult">Cult</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cult">edit</a>]</div> As noted above, Telephus was the object of cult hero worship at Pergamon. Telephus was also worshipped on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parthenion" title="Mount Parthenion">Mount Parthenion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> and honored at Tegea, where he was shown on the pediment of the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Athena_Alea" title="Athena Alea">Athena Alea</a> at Tegea, fighting Achilles.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 865, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741ef3a10de41-0">8705 (Telephos 38)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> See for example, Knight, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oaVCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA433">p. 433</a>. According to the mythographic tradition, Telephus' name derived from his being suckled by a doe, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">2.7.4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">Frazer note 2 to 2.7.4</a>: 'Apollodorus seems to derive the name Telephus from θηλή, “a dug,” and ἔλαφος, “a doe."'). See also Huys, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG8DzIqIHREC&pg=PA295">p. 295 ff.</a>; Webster, pp. 238–239; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 99; <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.11</a>; <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a>, Progymnasmata 3.3 (= <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge test. iib, Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.267.xml">pp. 266, 267</a>): "He got his name from circumstances". According to Kerényi his name was "more accurately ... Telephanes, 'he who shines afar'" (Kerényi, p. 337). The feminine form is <a href="/wiki/Telephassa" title="Telephassa">Telephassa</a>, of whom Kerényi writes, "She bore the lunar name Telephassa or Telephae, 'she who illuminates afar', or <a href="/wiki/Telephassa" title="Telephassa">Argiope</a> 'she of the white face'". (Kerényi, p. 27). </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Dignas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvC0FFuP9o0C&pg=PA124">p. 124</a>; Stewart p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-73d3e8b8b91fc-d">3417 (Telephos 19)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Gantz, p. 431. For general discussions see Hard, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA543">543</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA544">544</a>; Gantz, 428–431. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Hesiod (Pseudo), <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a> fr. 165 (Merkelbach–West numbering) from the Oxyrhynchus Papyri XI 1359 fr. 1 (Most, pp. 184–187; Stewart, p. 110; Grenfell and Hunt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/oxyrhynchuspapyr11gren#page/52/mode/1up">pp. 52–55</a>); <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 99, 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Alcidamas" title="Alcidamas">Alcidamas</a>, Odysseus 16 (Garagin and Woodruff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fb6JIMA1jLUC&pg=PA286">p. 286</a>); <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge (Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.261.xml">p. 261</a>, Webster, pp. 238—240); <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+12.8.2">12.8.2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+12.8.4">12.8.4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+13.1.69">13.1.69</a>; <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a>, Progymnasmata 3.3 (= <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge test. iib, Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.267.xml">pp. 266, 267</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">2.7.4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>. Compare with <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a>, Progymnasmata 3.3 (= Euripides, Auge test. iib, Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.267.xml">pp. 266, 267</a>) which says that Aleus "ordered Telephus to be cast out in a deserted place". </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.9, 11</a>. Compare with <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 99 which has Auge abandoning Telephus on Parthenion while fleeing to Mysia. Telephus was probably also abandoned on Mount Parthenion (by either Aleus or Auge) in <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>'s lost play Telephus (see Gantz, p. 429), since in Telephus fr. 696, Collard and Cropp 2008b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.195.xml">pp. 194, 195</a>, Telephus says he was born on Mount Parthenion but later "came to the plain of Mysia, where I found my mother and made a home." </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Almost certainly in Sophocles, Aleadae (see Gantz, p. 429; Huys, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG8DzIqIHREC&pg=PA293">p. 293</a>; Sophocles, Aleadae fr. 89 (Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA40">pp. 40, 41</a>), and probably also in <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge (see Huys, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG8DzIqIHREC&pg=PA293">p. 293</a>; Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.261.xml">p. 261</a>; Webster, p. 239). See also <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.11</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibis_(Ovid)" title="Ibis (Ovid)">Ibis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-ibis/1929/pb_LCL232.253.xml">255–256</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 99, 252; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">2.7.4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.48.7">8.48.7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.54.6">8.54.6</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/264/mode/2up">6.139–142</a>; <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a>, Progymnasmata 3.3 (Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.267.xml">pp. 266, 267</a>). In the <a href="/wiki/Telephus_frieze" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephus frieze">Telephus frieze</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Altar" title="Pergamon Altar">Pergamon Altar</a>, Telephus is shown being suckled by a lioness (Heres, p. 85). </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.11</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>; compare with <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 99, where shepherds found Telephus along with <a href="/wiki/Parthenopeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenopeus">Parthenopeus</a> (who had been exposed by his mother <a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a>) and raised both boys. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.11</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Telephus fr. 696 (Collard and Cropp 2008b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.195.xml">pp. 194, 195</a>; Page, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/select_papyri_poetry_tragedy_5th_4th_centuries_bc/1941/pb_LCL360.131.xml">pp. 130, 131</a>; Webster, p. 238); <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.12</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Anthology" title="Palatine Anthology">Palatine Anthology</a>, 3.2 (Paton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_anthology_3/2014/pb_LCL067.151.xml">pp. 150–153</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA544">p. 544</a>; Gantz, p. 428; Hesiod (Pseudo), <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a> fr. 165 (Merkelbach–West numbering) from the Oxyrhynchus Papyri XI 1359 fr. 1 (Most, pp. 184–187; Stewart, p. 110; Grenfell and Hunt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/oxyrhynchuspapyr11gren#page/52/mode/1up">pp. 52–55</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Stewart, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Compare with <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 99, 100 which also have Auge adopted by Teuthras. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Gantz, p. 428. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Stewart, p. 110; Gantz, p. 428; <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus</a>, fr. 29 Jacoby (= <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.4.9">8.4.9</a>). <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+13.1.69">13.1.69</a>, gives a similar account, which he attributes to <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> (see below). </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA32">pp. 32–41 (frs. 77–89)</a>; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA46">Vol. 1 pp. 46 ff. (frs. 77–89)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Gantz, pp. 428–429; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA46">Vol. 1 pp. 46–47</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Alcidamas" title="Alcidamas">Alcidamas</a>, Odysseus 14-16 (Garagin and Woodruff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fb6JIMA1jLUC&pg=PA286">p. 286</a>). Alcidamas is the only source for the oracle given to Aleus (see Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA47">Vol. 1, p. 47</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Gantz, p. 429; Huys, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG8DzIqIHREC&pg=PA293">p. 293</a>; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA47">Vol. 1 p. 47</a>; Sophocles, Aleadae fr. 89 (Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA40">p. 40, 41</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.259.xml">pp. 259–277</a>; Huys, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG8DzIqIHREC&pg=PA81">pp. 81–82</a>; Gantz, pp. 429–430; Webster, pp. 238–240. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge fr. 272b (= 265 N), Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.275.xml">pp. 274, 275</a>, has Heracles say: "As it is, wine made me lose control. I admit I wronged you, but the wrong was not intentional." </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge test. iib, Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.267.xml">pp. 266, 267</a> (= <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a>, Progymnasmata 3.3). <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeian</a> frescoes (which show Auge being raped while washing clothing) and <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.47.4">8.47.4</a>, place the rape at a spring, and this version of events may reflect Euripides' Auge. See Collard and Cropp 2008a. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.263.xml">p. 262</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge test. iia (Hypothesis), Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.265.xml">pp. 264, 265, with n. 1</a>; Rosivach, p. 44 with n. 126; Kerényi, p. 338). </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.261.xml">p. 260</a>; test. iii, Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.267.xml">pp. 266, 267</a> (= <a href="/wiki/Tzetzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a> On Aristophanes, Frogs 1080); fr. 266, Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.271.xml">pp. 270, 271</a> (= <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stromata" title="Stromata">Miscellanies</a> 7.3.23.4). See also <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>' Telephus, fr. 696, which has Telephus say that Auge "bore me secretly" (Collard and Cropp 2008b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.195.xml">pp. 194, 195</a>; cf. Page, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/select_papyri_poetry_tragedy_5th_4th_centuries_bc/1941/pb_LCL360.131.xml">pp. 130, 131</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Collard and Cropp 2018a, p. 261; Gantz, p. 430; Huys, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG8DzIqIHREC&pg=PA82">p. 82</a>; Webster, p. 240; <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, Auge test. iib, Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.267.xml">pp. 266, 267</a> (= <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a>, Progymnasmata 3.3). </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+13.1.69">13.1.69</a>, which attributes this to <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>. If so then this would have presumably been in Euripide's Auge (see Gantz, p. 429; Webster, p. 238) however Strabo's attribution may be erroneous (see Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.261.xml">p. 261</a>); see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+12.8.2">12.8.2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+12.8.4">12.8.4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Gantz, p. 430. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.7–12</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">2.7.4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>. This may also have been in Euripides, Auge, see fr. 267 (Collard and Cropp 2008a, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.261.xml">260</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.271.xml">270, 271</a>): "A city that is sick is clever at seeking out errors", which may refer to a search for the cause of the famine. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Gantz, p. 430; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=enUmCztpbI0C&pg=PA70">Vol. 2, pp. 70–72</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> As in <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.9, 11</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 100. Compare with <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Aelianus" title="Claudius Aelianus">Aelian</a>, On Animals <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aelian-characteristics_animals/1958/pb_LCL446.209.xml">3.47</a>, which attributes this story of near-incest by Telephus to "the tragic dramatists and their predecessors, the inventors of fables". </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA33">p. 33</a>; Gantz, p. 429; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA47">Vol 1. pp. 47–48</a>; Frazer's note 1 to Apollodorus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">2.7.4</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 244; Appendix Proverbiorum, 2.85 (Leutsch and Schneidewin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/corpusparoemiog00unkngoog#page/n467">pp. 411–412</a>). Sophocles' Aleadae frs. 84, 86, and 87 (Lloyd-Jones, pp. 36–39) hint at the possibility of a scene in which the uncles impugned Telephus' illegitimate birth. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Sommerstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.151.xml">p. 150</a>; Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA216">p. 216—217</a>; Kerényi, p. 339; Frazer's note 2 to Apollodorus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">2.7.4</a>; Margoliouth, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E0tFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA217">p. 217</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia#The_Eumenides" title="Oresteia">Eumenides</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Aesch.+Eum.+448">448—450</a>; Compare with <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hdt.+1.35">1.35</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetics" title="Poetics">Poetics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0056%3Asection%3D1460a">1460a 30–32</a>. Both Aeschylus and Sophocles wrote plays about Telephus, called Mysians, but since Sophocles, Mysians fr. 411 seems to imply that Telephus has spoken, that play is generally ruled out, see Sommerstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.151.xml">p. 150</a>; Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA216">p. 216—217</a>; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=enUmCztpbI0C&pg=PA70">Vol 2, p. 71</a>; Post, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fHjPAAAAMAAJ&dq=Telephus+silence&pg=PA16">p. 16</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Frazer's note 1 to Apollodorus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.7.4">2.7.4</a>; Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA216">p. 216</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Quoted by <a href="/wiki/Athenaeus" title="Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">The Deipnosophists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/deipnosophistsor02atheuoft#page/664/mode/2up">10.18, Vol. II p. 664</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Quoted by <a href="/wiki/Athenaeus" title="Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">The Deipnosophists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/deipnosophistsor01atheuoft#page/356/mode/2up">6.5, Vol. I p. 356</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Hesiod (Pseudo), <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a> fr. 165 (Merkelbach–West numbering) from the Oxyrhynchus Papyri XI 1359 fr. 1 (Most, pp. 184–187; Stewart, p. 110; Grenfell and Hunt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/oxyrhynchuspapyr11gren#page/52/mode/1up">pp. 52–55</a>); <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+12.8.4">12.8.4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+13.1.69">13.1.69</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.9.1">3.9.1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> For a discussion of the expedition in Mysia and the wounding and healing of Telephus, see Hard, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA446">446</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA447">447</a>; Gantz, pp. 576–580. Principal texts include: Proclus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/">Summary of the Cypria</a> = Cypria argument 7 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.73.xml">pp. 72, 73</a>; <a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilochus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy/monster/demo/Page1.html">POxy LXIX 4708</a>; Hesiod (Pseudo), <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a> fr. 165 (Merkelbach–West numbering) from the Oxyrhynchus Papyri XI 1359 fr. 1 (Most, pp. 184–187; Stewart, p. 110; Grenfell and Hunt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/oxyrhynchuspapyr11gren#page/52/mode/1up">pp. 52–55</a>); <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, Isthmean <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=I.:poem=5&highlight=telephus">5.38–40</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=I.:poem=8&highlight=telephus">8.49–50</a>, Olympian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=O.:poem=9&highlight=telephus">9.72</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 101; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17">E.3.17</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.4.6">1.4.6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.5.14">9.5.14</a>. Although Archilochus, Proclus, Apollodorus, and Pausanias all agree that the attack was a mistake, <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, On Heroes 23.5–9, has a character doubt that the Greeks came to Mysia "in ignorance". </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Gantz, p. 579; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17">E.3.17</a>; A scholia on <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> 1.52 (cited by Gantz). According to <a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/DictysCretensis2.html">2.3</a>, Telephus is "doggedly pursuing" Odysseus when Achilles wounds him. In <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, On Heroes, 23.24–25, a character says that, according to the dead Trojan War hero <a href="/wiki/Protesilaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Protesilaos">Protesilaos</a> (who communicates from beyond the grave), Telephus was wounded by Achilles when Telephus had lost his shield while fighting <a href="/wiki/Protesilaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Protesilaos">Protesilaos</a>, and so was "unprotected". </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Platter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PXnLrRQnufgC&pg=PA148">p. 148</a>; Gantz, p. 579; Frazer's note to <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17">E.3.17</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Gantz, pp. 579–580; Heres and Strauss, p, 866 <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741f47cea62f4-b">8728 (Telephos 48)</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/DC1084D4-6D5C-4FD5-BB6E-6A6970E60A4C">200122</a>; AVI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avi.unibas.ch/DB/searchform.html?ID=7656">7395</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, On Heroes, 23.2–30, <a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/DictysCretensis2.html">2.1–6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Stewart, p. 114; Proclus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/">Summary of the Cypria</a> = Cypria argument 7 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.73.xml">pp. 72, 73</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 101; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.20">E.3.20</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/DictysCretensis2.html">2.10</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/182/mode/2up">4.172–177</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/356/mode/2up">8.150–153</a>. For ὁ τρώσας ἰάσεται, see Liddell & Scott, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=i)a/omai">s.v. ἰάομαι</a>; <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, Divus Claudius <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,1348,015:43">43</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> But compare with <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D68">1.71–72</a> where <a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a> guides, the Greeks. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> See also <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL393.169.xml">25.42</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.237.xml">34.152</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.315.xml">35.71</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> See for example: <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epodes_(Horace)" title="Epodes (Horace)">Epodes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/horace-epodes/2004/pb_LCL033.313.xml">17.8–10</a>; <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/propertius-elegies/1990/pb_LCL018.107.xml">2.1.63–64</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistulae_ex_Ponto" title="Epistulae ex Ponto">Epistulae ex Ponto</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-ex_ponto/1924/pb_LCL151.325.xml">2.2.26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-metamorphoses/1916/pb_LCL043.189.xml">12.111–112</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-metamorphoses/1916/pb_LCL043.241.xml">13.170–172</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristia" title="Tristia">Tristia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-tristia/1924/pb_LCL151.9.xml">1.1.99–100</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-tristia/1924/pb_LCL151.57.xml">2.19–20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-tristia/1924/pb_LCL151.215.xml">5.2.15–16</a>; [[Pentadius (poet)|]], De Fortuna <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/minorlatinpoetsw00duffuoft#page/546/mode/2up">29-30</a>; <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troades_(Seneca)" title="Troades (Seneca)">Troades</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/tragedieswitheng01seneuoft#page/140">215–218</a>. Compare with <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespear</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_2" title="Henry VI, Part 2">Henry VI, Part 2</a> 5.1.100–101: "Whose smile and frown, like to Achilles' spear/Is able with the change to kill and cure". </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFParis1831" class="citation book cs1">Paris, John Ayrton (1831). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62958">Pharmacologia</a>. New York: W. E. Dean. pp. The rust of the spear of Telephus, mentioned in Homer as a cure for the wounds which that weapon inflicted, was probably Verdegris, and led to the discovery of its use as a surgical application.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pharmacologia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=The+rust+of+the+spear+of+Telephus%2C+mentioned+in+Homer+as+a+cure+for+the+wounds+which+that+weapon+inflicted%2C+was+probably+Verdegris%2C+and+led+to+the+discovery+of+its+use+as+a+surgical+application&rft.pub=W.+E.+Dean&rft.date=1831&rft.aulast=Paris&rft.aufirst=John+Ayrton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F62958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelephus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Gantz, p. 576. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Gantz, p. 576; Proclus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/">Summary of the Cypria</a> = Cypria argument 7 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_cypria/2003/pb_LCL497.73.xml">pp. 72, 73</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a>, another poem in the Epic Cycle, also perhaps referred to the battle, see <a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a>, fr. 4 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.127.xml">pp. 126, 127</a> = Scholiast on <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> 19.326, which says that Achilles after leaving Telephus, landed at <a href="/wiki/Scyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Scyros">Scyros</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Gantz, p. 578; Frazer's note to <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17">E.3.17</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, Isthmean <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=I.:poem=8&highlight=telephus">8.49–50</a>. See also Isthmean <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=I.:poem=5">5.38–40</a>, and Olympian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=O.:poem=9&highlight=telephus">9.69–79</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Gantz, p. 578. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Gantz, p. 578; Collard and Cropp 2008b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.185.xml">pp. 185–191</a>; Webster, pp. 43–48, 302. An important source for the plot of Euripides' Telephus is <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>' parodies of the play (see below). </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Gantz, p. 579; e.g. <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=399124&partId=1&museumno=1836,0224.28&page=1">E382</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741f5dc448592-c">8734 (Telephos 52)</a>; Beazley archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/5F8346E9-92BB-49B5-A59A-CD2999139EBB">207332</a>). A perhaps earlier (c. 470 BC) representation of the scene on an Attic <a href="/wiki/Kylix" title="Kylix">kylix</a> cup (Heres and Strauss, p. 866, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-73f8612be100f-9">5985 (Telephos 51)</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/3A042980-5B0B-4A98-BA58-F13B3CC0A3B5">205037</a>; AVI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avi.unibas.ch/DB/searchform.html?ID=2821">2674</a>; <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">MFA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/drinking-cup-kylix-with-telephos-at-the-palace-of-agamemnon-153686">98.931</a>) shows Telephus sitting alone on an altar with a bandaged thigh, which has been interpreted as evidence that the Orestes hostage taking did not occur in the Cypria, see Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA96">Vol. 1 p. 96</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Sommerstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.243.xml">pp. 242–243</a>; Gantz, pp. 578–579. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Heres, p. 97; Heres and Strauss, p. 868, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-7421c0f914915-e">8903 (Telephos 85)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 866, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741f1f8c5237d-5">8717 (Telephos 44)</a> [= Telephos 88]; Deiss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVgQB0jDIOcC&pg=PA58">p. 58</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Gantz, p. 579; Frazer's note to Apollodorus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.20">E.3.20</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL393.169.xml">25.42</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.237.xml">34.152</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.315.xml">35.71</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Heres, pp. 96–97; Heres and Strauss, p. 868 (Telephos 84). </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Gantz, p. 579; Frazer's note to Apollodorus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.20">E.3.20</a>; <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/propertius-elegies/1990/pb_LCL018.107.xml">2.1.63–64</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistulae_ex_Ponto" title="Epistulae ex Ponto">Epistulae ex Ponto</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-ex_ponto/1924/pb_LCL151.325.xml">2.2.26</a>. Gantz thinks it likely that "this folktale-laden motif goes back to the Kypria." </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Gantz, p. 579; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.3.17">E.3.17–20</a>, along with Frazer's notes. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Gantz, p. 579. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Gantz, p. 579. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 101, translation by Smith and Stephen M. Trzaskoma, pp. 131–132. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Compare with <a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a> 2.5 (Frazer, p. 40), which says that he refused because his wife Astyoche was a daughter of Priam. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Beazley_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Beazley Archive">Beazley Archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/66618CAC-FB29-4BE4-B356-4D354E787365">320038</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treeshow.php?source=139&image_id=25554&term=eurypylos">Eurypylos I 3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:11.486-11.537">11.519–521</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a> fr. 7 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.131.xml">pp. 130, 131</a> = <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.26.9">3.26.9</a>; Proclus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/">Summary of the Little Iliad</a> = Little Iliad argument 3 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.123.xml">pp. 122, 123</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.12">E.5.12</a>. For discussions of Eurypylus, see Gantz, pp. 640–641; Hard, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA472">472</a>. For Telephus' genealogy see Parada, s.v. Telephus p. 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Fowler 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA542">p. 542</a>; Gantz, p. 640; <a href="/wiki/Acusilaus" title="Acusilaus">Acusilaus</a>, fr. 40 Fowler = FGrH 2F40 = Schol. Odyssey 11.520 (Fowler 2000, pp. 25–26, Dowden, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_XsN0O_BQ0cC&pg=PA58">p. 58</a>); <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, Eurypylus (Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA82">pp. 82–95</a>), fr. 211 has Astyoche call Priam her brother (Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA92">pp. 92, 93</a>); <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, On <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eclogues" title="Eclogues">Eclogues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0091%3Apoem%3D6%3Acommline%3D72">6.72</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/264/mode/2up">6.136</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.12.3">3.12.3</a> has Astyoche as Priam's sister, but Apollodorus never names Eurypylus' mother, while <a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a> 2.5 (Frazer, p. 40) has Astyoche as Eurypylus' mother, but says that she was Priam's daughter. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.12">E.5.12</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/264/mode/2up">6.120</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a> fr. 7 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.131.xml">pp. 130, 131</a> = <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.26.9">3.26.9</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 113; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/282/mode/2up">6.407–428</a>. Compare with <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.1">E.5.1</a>, which has <a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a> kill Machaon. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 113; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/280/mode/2up">6.368–389</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:11.486-11.537">11.519–521</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 112; <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+13.1.7">13.1.7</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.12">E.5.12</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/360/mode/2up">8.195–216</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Gantz, p. 641; <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, Eurypylus frs. 210.24, 26–29 (Lloyd-Jones, pp. 86, 87 with note a, 88, 89), 211.10–13 (Lloyd-Jones, pp. 94, 95). According to Proclus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stoa.org/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Stoa%3Atext%3A2003.01.0004%3Aaccount%3D3&highlight=telephos">Summary of the Little Iliad</a> = Little Iliad argument 3 West, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.123.xml">pp. 122, 123</a>, Eurypylus received his father's spear from Odysseus upon his arrival at Troy. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Dignas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvC0FFuP9o0C&pg=PA120">p. 120</a>; Grimal, s.v. Grynus, p. 176; <a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a> on <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eclogues" title="Eclogues">Eclogues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0091%3Apoem%3D6%3Acommline%3D72">6.72</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33">4.33.12</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, On Heroes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/flavius-philostratus-on-heroes/#phil_her_text_263_TOP">23.26–29</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Heres, pp. 86–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Grimal, s.v. Telephus p. 438. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>, Alexandra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/596/mode/2up">1242–1249</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus/1B*.html#28">1.28.1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Grimal, s.v. Telephus p. 438; Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D3%3Aentry%3Dtelephus-bio-1">s.v. Telephus</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, Romulus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plutarch-lives_romulus/1914/pb_LCL046.93.xml?result=57&rskey=pPm1Xy">2.1.5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Heres and Strauss, pp. 857–870, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> s.v. Telephos. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Gantz, p. 451. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Stewart, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Heres and Strauss, pp. 860–861, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> Telephos 1 (plate 42); Schraudolph, pp. 72–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Dreyfus, p. 14. Heres, p. 101, gives reasons which suggest a date "between 165 and 159 B.C., or later". </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Kästner, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Kästner, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Kästner, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Heres, p. 83. For a detailed description of the iconography of frieze see, Heres and Strauss, pp. 857–862, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> Telephos 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Heres, pp. 84–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Heres, pp. 86–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Heres, pp. 89–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Heres, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Heres and Strauss, pp. 862–865, section C. Telephos von der Hindin gesäugt (Telephus suckled by the hind) <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> Telephos 5–17, and section D. Herakles entdeckt Telephos (Heracles discovers Telephus) LIMC Telephos 18–42; comprising more than a third of the 101 entries for Telephus in the <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Heres, pp. 95–96. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 869, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> 6, 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 869, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Pausanias, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.31.2">9.31.2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Gantz, pp. 579–580; Heres and Strauss, p, 866 <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741f47cea62f4-b">8728 (Telephos 48)</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/DC1084D4-6D5C-4FD5-BB6E-6A6970E60A4C">200122</a>; AVI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avi.unibas.ch/DB/searchform.html?ID=7656">7395</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Fullerton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0-XFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA233">p. 233</a>; Heres, p. 96; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.45.7">8.45.7</a>; </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Heres, p. 96; Heres and Strauss, p. 866, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741c52344b8a9-3">8521 (Telephos 49)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Fullerton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0-XFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA233">pp. 233–234</a>; Heres and Strauss, p. 862, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weblimc.org/page/monument/2079225">8621 (Telephos 3)</a>; IG V.2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/32088?bookid=12&location=16">79</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Bauchhenss-Thüriedl, p. 46 Auge 2; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.47.2">8.47.2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Heres and Strauss, pp. 866–868, section I. Telephos als Hiketes (Telephos as suppliant), LIMC Telephos 51–80; comprising nearly a third of the 101 entries for Telephus in the <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 869, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> 51–53 (Agamemnon), 54 (Clytemnestra). </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 866, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-73f8612be100f-9">5985 (Telephos 51)</a>; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA96">Vol. 1 p. 96</a>; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/3A042980-5B0B-4A98-BA58-F13B3CC0A3B5">205037</a>; AVI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avi.unibas.ch/DB/searchform.html?ID=2821">2674</a>; <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">MFA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/drinking-cup-kylix-with-telephos-at-the-palace-of-agamemnon-153686">98.931</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Heres and Stauss, p. 866, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741f5dc448592-c">8734 (Telephos 52)</a> [= Agamemnon 11*]; Beazley Archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/5F8346E9-92BB-49B5-A59A-CD2999139EBB">207332</a>; <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=399124&partId=1&museumno=1836,0224.28&page=1">1836,0224.28</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 869; with Agamemnon and Clytemnestra: <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> Telephos 56, 58, 59, 64–66, 68; with Clytemnestra restraining Agamemnon: <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> Telephos 59, 64; with Odysseus restraining Agamemnon: <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> Telephos 56?, 68 (compare with <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> Telephos 53). </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Heres, pp. 96–97; Heres and Strauss, p. 868 (Telephos 84); <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL393.169.xml">25.42</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.237.xml">34.152</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL394.315.xml">35.71</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Heres, p. 97; Heres and Strauss, p. 868, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-7421c0f914915-e">8903 (Telephos 85)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 866, <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-741f1f8c5237d-5">8717 (Telephos 44)</a> [= Telephos 88]; Deiss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVgQB0jDIOcC&pg=PA58">p. 58</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Heres and Strauss, p. 868; <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">LIMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-7421a008a1528-3">8894 (Telephos 81)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Kotlinska-Toma, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I3YeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">30</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I3YeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">130</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetics" title="Poetics">Poetics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg034.perseus-eng1:1453a">1453a 19–20</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Sommerstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.151.xml">pp. 150–151</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Sommerstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.243.xml">pp. 242–243</a>; Gantz, pp. 578–579. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Jouanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysZaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA553">p. 553</a>; Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA33">p. 33</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Jouanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysZaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA558">p. 558</a>; Webster, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Jouanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysZaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA553">p. 553</a>; Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA33">p. 33</a>; Webster, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Jouanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysZaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA552">pp. 552–553</a>; Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA33">pp. 32–41</a>; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA46">Vol. 1 pp. 46 ff.</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Jouanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysZaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA583">pp. 583–584</a>; Lloyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA216">pp. 216–217</a>; Jebb, Headlam and Pearson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=enUmCztpbI0C&pg=PA70">Vol 2, p. 70 ff.</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, the duel between Eurypylus and Neoptolemus featured in some work of <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, and the play Eurypylus mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, was probably that work, see Jouanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysZaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA565">pp. 565–566</a>; LLoyd-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA82">pp. 82–83</a>; Gantz, p. 641; <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, On the Control of Anger <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plutarch-moralia_control_anger/1939/pb_LCL337.127.xml">10, 458D</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetics" title="Poetics">Poetics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg034.perseus-eng1:1459b">1459b.6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, Eurypylus frs. 210.24, 26–29 (Lloyd-Jones, pp. 86, 87 with note a, 88, 89), 211.10–13 (Lloyd-Jones, pp. 94, 95). </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Collard and Cropp 2008a, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL504.259.xml">pp. 259–277</a>; Huys, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UG8DzIqIHREC&pg=PA81">pp. 81–82</a>; Gantz, pp. 429–430; Webster, pp. 238–240. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Wright, p. 86: "The myth of Telephus, the king of Mysia and the son of Heracles and Auge, was most famously dramatized by Euripides (whose Telephus was repeatedly quoted and paradied for decades after its first production in 438 BCE)". </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Gantz, p. 578; Collard and Cropp 2008b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.185.xml">pp. 185–191</a>; Webster, pp. 43–48, 302. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Collard and Cropp 2008b, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.187.xml">pp. 186–187</a>; Henderson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aristophanes-acharnians/1998/pb_LCL178.51.xml">pp. 50–51</a>; Henderson 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aristophanes-women_thesmophoria/2000/pb_LCL179.447.xml">p. 447</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Acharnians" title="The Acharnians">Acharnians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aristophanes-acharnians/1998/pb_LCL178.85.xml">204–625</a>; <a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_Thesmophoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Women at the Thesmophoria">Women at the Thesmophoria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aristophanes-women_thesmophoria/2000/pb_LCL179.513.xml">466–764 with n. 466</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Acharnians" title="The Acharnians">Acharnians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aristophanes-acharnians/1998/pb_LCL178.99.xml">325-340</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Acharnians" title="The Acharnians">Acharnians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aristophanes-acharnians/1998/pb_LCL178.109.xml">410-490</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_Thesmophoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Women at the Thesmophoria">Women at the Thesmophoria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aristophanes-women_thesmophoria/2000/pb_LCL179.543.xml">688–764</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Wright, pp. 58, 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Wright, p. 205 (Iophon and Cleophon); Kotlinska-Toma, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I3YeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">30</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I3YeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128">128–131</a> (Moschion). </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Wright, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Kotlinska-Toma, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I3YeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA150">p. 150</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Goldberg and Manuwald, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ennius-tragedies/2018/pb_LCL537.131.xml">pp. 130–135</a>; Warmington, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/accius-tragedies/1936/pb_LCL314.537.xml">pp. 536–543</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Heres, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> So also an oracle of Apollo at Klaros, recorded in the second century AD. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.4.6">1.4.6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Heres, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Dignas, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvC0FFuP9o0C&pg=PA122">122</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvC0FFuP9o0C&pg=PA123">123</a>; Collard and Cropp 2008a, p. 260; Heres, p. 83; Stewart, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Dignas, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvC0FFuP9o0C&pg=PA119">119</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvC0FFuP9o0C&pg=PA120">120</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.26.10">3.26.10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+5.13.3">5.13.3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D3%3Aentry%3Dtelephus-bio-1">s.v. Telephus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.54.6">8.54.6</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.6">1.8.6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.45.7">8.45.7</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Aelianus" title="Claudius Aelianus">Aelian</a>. On Animals, Volume I: Books 1-5. Translated by A. F. Scholfield. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 446. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1958. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL446/1958/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">The Eumenides</a> in Aeschylus, with an English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D. in two volumes. Vol 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 1926. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.perseus-eng1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=C431BA809CA4DEA22A15DA9C666F3400?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0022%3atext%3dLibrary">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Acharnians" title="The Acharnians">Acharnians</a>, in Acharnians. Knights. Edited and translated by Jeffrey Henderson. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 178. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL178/1998/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_Thesmophoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Women at the Thesmophoria">Women at the Thesmophoria</a> in Birds. Lysistrata. Women at the Thesmophoria. Edited and translated by Jeffrey Henderson. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 179. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL179/2000/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetics" title="Poetics">Poetics</a> in Aristotle in 23 Volumes, Vol. 23, translated by W.H. Fyfe. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0056%3Asection%3D1447a">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeus" title="Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a>, The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned of Athenaeus, translated by C.D. Yonge, London 1854, 3 volumes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/deipnosophistsor01atheuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Bauchhenss-Thüriedl, Christa, "Auge" in <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a> (LIMC) III.1 Artemis Verlag, Zürich and Munich, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1">3-7608-8751-1</a>. pp. 45–51.</li> <li>Collard, Christopher and Martin Cropp (2008a), Euripides Fragments: Aegeus–Meleanger, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 504. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99625-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99625-0">978-0-674-99625-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL504/2008/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Collard, Christopher and Martin Cropp (2008b), Euripides Fragments: Oedipus-Chrysippus: Other Fragments, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 506. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99631-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99631-1">978-0-674-99631-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL506/2009/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Deiss, Joseph Jay, Herculaneum, Italy's Buried Treasure, Getty Publications, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780892361649" title="Special:BookSources/9780892361649">9780892361649</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a>, The Trojan War. The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian, translated by R. M. Frazer (Jr.). Indiana University Press. 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/DictysCretensis1.html">Online version</a></li> <li>Dignas, Beate, "Rituals and the Construction of Identy in Atallid Pergamon" in Historical and Religious Memory in the Ancient World, editors Beate Dignas, R. R. R. Smith, OUP Oxford, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199572069" title="Special:BookSources/9780199572069">9780199572069</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, Diodorus Siculus: The Library of History. Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Twelve volumes. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html">Online version by Bill Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a>. Roman Antiquities, Volume I: Books 1-2. Translated by Earnest Cary. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 319. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus/home.html">Online version by Bill Thayer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL319/1937/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Dowden, Ken, "Telling the Mythology: From Hesiod to the Fifth Century" in A Companion to Greek Mythology, edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone. Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition (January 28, 2014). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118785164" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118785164">978-1118785164</a>.</li> <li>Dreyfus, Renée, "Introduction" in Pergamon: The Telephos Frieze from the Great Altar, Volume 1, Renée Dreyfus and Ellen Schraudolph, editors, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9">0-88401-089-9</a>.</li> <li>Fowler, R. L. (2000), Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198147404" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198147404">978-0198147404</a>.</li> <li>Fowler, R. L. (2013), Early Greek Mythography: Volume 2: Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198147411" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198147411">978-0198147411</a>.</li> <li>Fullerton, Mark D., Greek Sculpture, John Wiley & Sons, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119115304" title="Special:BookSources/9781119115304">9781119115304</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gantz" title="Timothy Gantz">Gantz, Timothy</a>, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9">978-0-8018-5360-9</a> (Vol. 1), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3">978-0-8018-5362-3</a> (Vol. 2).</li> <li>Garagin, M., P. Woodruff, Early Greek Political thought from Homer to the Sophists, Cambridge 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43768-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43768-4">978-0-521-43768-4</a>.</li> <li>Goldberg, Sander M., Gesine Manuwald, Fragmentary Republican Latin, Volume II: Ennius, Dramatic Fragments. Minor Works, Edited and translated by Sander M. Goldberg, Gesine Manuwald. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 537. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL537/2018/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Grenfell, Bernard P., Arthur S, Hunt, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri Part XI, London, Egypt Exploration Fund, 1915. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxyrhynchuspapyr11gren/page/n5">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780631201021" title="Special:BookSources/9780631201021">9780631201021</a>.</li> <li>Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415186360" title="Special:BookSources/9780415186360">9780415186360</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC">Google Books</a>.</li> <li>Heres, Huberta, "The Myth of Telephos in Pergamon" in Pergamon: The Telephos Frieze from the Great Altar, Volume 2, Renée Dreyfus and Ellen Schraudolph, editors, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9">0-88401-089-9</a>.</li> <li>Heres, Huberta, Matthias Strauss, "Telephos" in <a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Iconographicum_Mythologiae_Classicae" title="Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae">Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</a> (LIMC) VII.1 Artemis Verlag, Zürich and Munich, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7608-8751-1">3-7608-8751-1</a>. pp. 856–870.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Histories_of_Herodotus" class="mw-redirect" title="The Histories of Herodotus">Histories</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._D._Godley" title="A. D. Godley">A. D. Godley</a> (translator), Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1920; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674991338" title="Special:BookSources/0674991338">0674991338</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hdt.+1.1.0">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>. Odes and Epodes. Edited and translated by Niall Rudd. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 33. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL033/2004/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Huys, Marc, The Tale of the Hero Who Was Exposed at Birth in Euripidean Tragedy: A Study of Motifs, Cornell University Press (December 1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9061867135" title="Special:BookSources/978-9061867135">978-9061867135</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus, Gaius Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a> in Apollodorus' Library and Hyginus' Fabulae: Two Handbooks of Greek Mythology, Translated, with Introductions by R. Scott Smith and Stephen M. Trzaskoma, Hackett Publishing Company, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87220-821-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87220-821-6">978-0-87220-821-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Claverhouse_Jebb" title="Richard Claverhouse Jebb">Jebb, Richard Claverhouse</a>, W. G. Headlam, A. C. Pearson, The Fragments of Sophocles, Cambridge University Press, 2010 (first published 1917), 3 Volumes. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108009867" title="Special:BookSources/9781108009867">9781108009867</a> (Vol 1), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1108009874" title="Special:BookSources/978-1108009874">978-1108009874</a> (Vol. 2), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108009881" title="Special:BookSources/9781108009881">9781108009881</a> (Vol. 3).</li> <li>Jouanna, Jacques, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, translated by Steven Rendall, Princeton University Press, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691172071" title="Special:BookSources/9780691172071">9780691172071</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Ker%C3%A9nyi" title="Károly Kerényi">Kerényi, Carl</a>, The Heroes of the Greeks, Thames and Hudson, London, 1959.</li> <li>Knight, Richard Payne, The symbolical language of ancient art and mythology, Kessinger Publishing, 1892</li> <li>Kotlinska-Toma, Agnieszka, Hellenistic Tragedy: Texts, Translations and a Critical Survey, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472523945" title="Special:BookSources/9781472523945">9781472523945</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lloyd-Jones" title="Hugh Lloyd-Jones">Lloyd-Jones, Hugh</a>, Sophocles: Fragments, Edited and translated by Hugh Lloyd-Jones, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 483. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99532-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99532-1">978-0-674-99532-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL483/1996/pb_LCL483.v.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Kästner, Volker, "The Architecture of the Great Altar and the Telephos Frieze" in Pergamon: The Telephos Frieze from the Great Altar, Volume 2, Renée Dreyfus and Ellen Schraudolph, editors, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9">0-88401-089-9</a>.</li> <li>Leutsch, Ernst Ludvig von, and Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin (editors), Corpus Paroemiographorum Graecorum, Volume 1, Vandenhoeck et Ruprecht, 1839. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/corpusparoemiog00unkngoog#page/n5">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>, Alexandra (or Cassandra) in Callimachus and Lycophron with an English translation by A. W. Mair; Aratus, with an English translation by G. R. Mair, London: W. Heinemann, New York: G. P. Putnam 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Margoliouth, David Samuel, The Poetics of Aristotle, Hodder and Stoughton, London, New York, Toronto, 1911.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Most, G.W.</a>, Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>, No. 503, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99623-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99623-6">978-0-674-99623-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL503/2007/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristia" title="Tristia">Tristia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Epistulae_ex_Ponto" title="Epistulae ex Ponto">Ex Ponto</a>. Translated by A. L. Wheeler. Revised by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> NO. 151. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1924. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL151/1924/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibis_(Ovid)" title="Ibis (Ovid)">Ibis</a> in Art of Love. Cosmetics. Remedies for Love. Ibis. Walnut-tree. Sea Fishing. Consolation. Translated by J. H. Mozley. Revised by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 232, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1929. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL232/1929/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a>, Volume II: Books 9-15. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 43. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1916. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL043/1916/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Page" title="Denys Page">Page, Denys Lionel, Sir</a>, Select Papyri, Volume III: Poetry. Translated by Denys L. Page. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 360. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1941. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674993976" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674993976">978-0674993976</a>.</li> <li>Parada, Carlos, Genealogical Guide to Greek Mythology, Jonsered, Paul Åströms Förlag, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7081-062-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7081-062-6">978-91-7081-062-6</a>.</li> <li>Paton, W. R. (ed.), Greek Anthology, Volume I: Book 1: Christian Epigrams. Book 2: Description of the Statues in the Gymnasium of Zeuxippus. Book 3: Epigrams in the Temple of Apollonis at Cyzicus. Book 4: Prefaces to the Various Anthologies. Book 5: Erotic Epigrams. Translated by W. R. Paton. Revised by Michael A. Tueller. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 67. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL067/2014/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.1.1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadius_(poet)" title="Pentadius (poet)">Pentadius</a>, De Fortuna (On Fortune) in Minor Latin Poets, Volume II: Florus. Hadrian. Nemesianus. Reposianus. Tiberianus. Dicta Catonis. Phoenix. Avianus. Rutilius Namatianus. Others. Translated by J. Wight Duff, Arnold M. Duff. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 434. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1934, 1935 revised. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL434/1934/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/minorlatinpoetsw00duffuoft#page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive (1934 edition)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, On Heroes, editors Jennifer K. Berenson MacLean, Ellen Bradshaw Aitken, BRILL, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004127012" title="Special:BookSources/9789004127012">9789004127012</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/flavius-philostratus-on-heroes/">Online version at Harvard University Center for Hellenic Studies</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, Odes, Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DO.%3Apoem%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Platter, Aristophanes and the Carnival of Genres, JHU Press, 2007; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801885273" title="Special:BookSources/9780801885273">9780801885273</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pliny%27s_Natural_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Pliny's Natural History">Natural History</a>, Volume VII: Books 24-27. Translated W. H. S. Jones, A. C. Andrews. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 393. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1956. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99432-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99432-4">978-0-674-99432-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL393/1956/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pliny%27s_Natural_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Pliny's Natural History">Natural History</a>, Volume IX: Books 33-35. Translated by H. Rackham. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 394. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99433-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99433-1">978-0-674-99433-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL394/1952/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, Romulus in Lives, Volume I: Theseus and Romulus. Lycurgus and Numa. Solon and Publicola. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 46. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1914. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99052-4">978-0-674-99052-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL046/1914/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Post, Chandler Rathfon, "The Dramatic Art of Sophocles as Revealed by Fragments of Lost Plays" in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Volume 33, Harvard University Press, 1922.</li> <li>Proclus, The Epic Cycle, translated by Gregory Nagy, revised by Eugenia Lao, Harvard University's Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington DC, November 2, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/">Online at The Center for Hellenic Studies</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>, Elegies Edited and translated by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> 18. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL018/1990/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy, Translator: A.S. Way; Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Rosivach, Vincent J., When a Young Man Falls in Love: The Sexual Exploitation of Women in New Comedy, Psychology Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415184489" title="Special:BookSources/9780415184489">9780415184489</a>.</li> <li>Schraudolph, Ellen, "Catalogue" in Pergamon: The Telephos Frieze from the Great Altar, Volume 1, Renée Dreyfus and Ellen Schraudolph, editors, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9">0-88401-089-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troades_(Seneca)" title="Troades (Seneca)">Troades</a>, in Seneca's Tragedies. With an English translation by Frank Justus Miller. Vol. I, Harvard University Press 1938. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/tragedieswitheng01seneuoft#page/n7/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>, Commentary on the Eclogues of Vergil, Georgius Thilo, Ed. 1881. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0091%3Apoem%3Dpr%3Acommline%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library (Latin)</a>.</li> <li>Sommerstein, Alan H., Aeschylus: Fragments. Edited and translated by Alan H. Sommerstein. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 505. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99629-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99629-8">978-0-674-99629-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL505/2009/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Stewart, Andrew, "Telephos/Telepinu and Dionysos: A Distant Light on an Ancient Myth" in Pergamon: The Telephos Frieze from the Great Altar, Volume 2, Renée Dreyfus and Ellen Schraudolph, editors, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88401-089-9">0-88401-089-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geography</a>, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Books 6–14</a></li> <li>Warmington, E. H., Remains of Old Latin, Volume II: Livius Andronicus. Naevius. Pacuvius. Accius. Translated by E. H. Warmington. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 314. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99347-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99347-1">978-0-674-99347-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL314/1936/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Webster, Thomas Bertram Lonsdale, The Tragedies of Euripides, Methuen & Co, 1967 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-416-44310-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-416-44310-3">978-0-416-44310-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M. L.</a> (2003), Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC. Edited and translated by Martin L. West. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 497. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99605-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99605-2">978-0-674-99605-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL497/2003/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Winnington-Ingram, Reginald Pepy, Sophocles: An Interpretation, Cambridge University Press, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521296847" title="Special:BookSources/9780521296847">9780521296847</a>.</li> <li>Wright, Matthew, The Lost Plays of Greek Tragedy (Volume 1): Neglected Authors, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472567789" title="Special:BookSources/9781472567789">9781472567789</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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