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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regional customs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_and_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_and_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Europe and North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_and_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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</a> <ul id="toc-Melanesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>General bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Novena</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تساعية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تساعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9na" title="Novéna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Novéna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novene" title="Novene – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Novene" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bederatziurrena" title="Bederatziurrena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bederatziurrena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuvaine" title="Neuvaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neuvaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noveen" title="Noveen – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Noveen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilenced_(vall%C3%A1s)" title="Kilenced (vallás) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kilenced (vallás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8" title="നൊവെന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൊവെന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noveen" title="Noveen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noveen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%99%E3%83%8A" title="ノベナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノベナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novene" title="Novene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Novene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novene" title="Novene – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Novene" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowenna" title="Nowenna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowenna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Новенна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новенна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuvena" title="Nuvena – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nuvena" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9na" title="Novéna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Novéna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena_(rukous)" title="Novena (rukous) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Novena (rukous)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novena" title="Novena – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Novena" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsisiyam" title="Pagsisiyam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsisiyam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Дев'ятниця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дев'ятниця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BA%A7n_c%E1%BB%ADu_nh%E1%BA%ADt" title="Tuần cửu nhật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tuần cửu nhật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1122496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Devotional prayer in Christianity lasting nine days or weeks</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Novena_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Novena (disambiguation)">Novena (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg/220px-Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg/330px-Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg/440px-Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>Novena to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help" title="Our Lady of Perpetual Help">Our Lady of Perpetual Help</a> in Brazil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novena_sa_Inang_Penafrancia.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Novena_sa_Inang_Penafrancia.gif/250px-Novena_sa_Inang_Penafrancia.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Novena_sa_Inang_Penafrancia.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>A booklet of the novena to <a href="/wiki/Most_Holy_Name_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Sweetest Name of Mary</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bikol language">Bikol</a> and printed in <a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> dated 1867</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>novena</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">novem</i>, "nine") is an ancient tradition of devotional praying in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, consisting of private or public <a href="/wiki/Prayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayers">prayers</a> repeated for nine successive days or weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nine days between the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Feast of the Ascension</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, when the disciples gathered in the upper room and devoted themselves to prayer, is often considered to be the first novena.<sup id="cite_ref-ncr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some Christian communities, such as in Africa, Latin America and the Philippines, novena traditions are popular and include devotional rituals such as congregational prayers, the decoration of statues, hymn singing with music, as well as community fiesta events over beverages, refreshments or processions. </p><p>Novenas are most often prayed by members of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, but also by <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> Christians; they have been used in <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a> Christian settings as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Denominations_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denominations-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prayers are often derived from devotional prayer books, or consist of the recitation of the <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> (a "rosary novena"), or of short prayers through the day. Novena prayers are customarily printed in small booklets, and the novena is often dedicated to a specific <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Marian title</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, or one of the persons of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novenamgue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Novenamgue.jpg/250px-Novenamgue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Novenamgue.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Novena likely has roots in ancient funeral-related rituals. Above: a group gathered for a novena to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a>, most likely a mourning event (c. 1940).</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>Novena</i> is rooted in the Latin word for nine. The practice of the novena is based in early Christianity, where Masses were held for nine days with devotional prayers for the deceased.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Toole_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Toole-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice may trace its origins to an early <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> custom performed by families, consisting of nine days of mourning after the death of a loved one, followed by a feast, which originally prompted Catholic writers such as <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a>, Pseudo-Alcuin and John Beleth to warn Christians not to emulate the custom.<sup id="cite_ref-hilger_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilger-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, members of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> faith began to associate novena with Christian themes such as the nine months Jesus spent in the womb, the giving-up of His spirit at the ninth hour during the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion</a>, and the nine days that passed between the <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a> and the descent of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> on the first Christians at <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, this biblical event is often quoted from <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a>, 1:12–2:5. The Church Fathers also assigned special meaning to the number nine, seeing it as symbolic of imperfect man turning to God in prayer (due to its proximity with the number ten, symbolic of perfection and God).<sup id="cite_ref-hilger_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilger-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papal_recognition">Papal recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Papal recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of novena grew by the Middle Ages to include pious prayers for nine days before a feast in honor of a saint identified on a liturgical calendar. By the 11th century, the novena practice had become a means in Christianity of praying to petition spiritual or personal favor through a saint, such as the Virgin Mary. After the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a>, the Catholic Church formally permitted novenas, in particular through the papal approvals of a large number of novenas by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Toole_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Toole-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Roman Catholic Church, there are three recognized categories of novenas, though this distinction is not exclusive: </p> <ul><li>Mourning, or before a burial;</li> <li>In preparation for a Church feast; the revised <i>Enchiridion Indulgentiarum</i> assigns indulgenced novenas to particular feasts: "A partial indulgence is granted to the faithful, who devoutly take part in the pious exercises of a public novena before the feast of Christmas or Pentecost or the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Intercessory (for a particular request).</li></ul> <p>By standard liturgical norms, novenas may be performed in church, at home, or anywhere where solemn prayers are appropriate, though some indulgenced novenas require church attendance. Sometimes, a special candle or incense is lit at the beginning of the novena which burns during the nine days of prayer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first chapter of the <i>General Principles</i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i>, #13, of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> (1962–1965) sought to give guidance on the place of novenas in Christian piety: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Devotions should be so drawn up that they harmonize with the liturgical seasons, accord with the sacred liturgy, are in some fashion derived from it, and lead the people to it, since, in fact, the liturgy by its very nature far surpasses any of them.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> tradition, novena prayers typically include a praise of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary or another saint, and a personal petition. Novenas have been a widespread practice in Catholic history.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadeau2011p350_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadeau2011p350-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novena prayers are also practised by Lutheran, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> Christians, who hold close or similar beliefs regarding its pious practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Denominations_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denominations-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, novenas have also been used in an <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a> Christian context, such as those promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a>, in order to pray for <a href="/wiki/Church_renewal" title="Church renewal">Church renewal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Premier_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Premier-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practices">Practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A novena is a ritualistic devotional worship where one or more Christian devotees make petitions, implore favors, or obtain graces by honoring <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> or the saints of the faith who are believed to empower divine intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatolios2009p140_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatolios2009p140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Professor Fenella Cannell, a Novena is "a supplicatory act of worship".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A novena may be made at any time. The devotion of the <a href="/wiki/First_Friday_Devotion" class="mw-redirect" title="First Friday Devotion">Nine First Fridays</a> in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a> is a novena.<sup id="cite_ref-hilger_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilger-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some parishes conduct a perpetual novena where the prayers particular to a specific novena are recited weekly. </p><p>Other novenas are traditionally held in preparation for a particular feast day. </p> <ul><li>The novena to the Holy Spirit is held between <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension Thursday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> in commemoration of when the disciples gathered in the upper room and devoted themselves to prayer; it is considered the first novena.<sup id="cite_ref-ncr_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of ways to pray the Pentecost Novena. One might pray the Evening Prayer from the Liturgy of the Hours each day, the "<a href="/wiki/Come,_Holy_Spirit" title="Come, Holy Spirit">Come, Holy Spirit</a>" or other prayers.</li> <li>The <i>Novena to the Holy Trinity</i> generally includes the <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a>, although the other prayers may be used.</li> <li>There are a variety of Christmas novenas. The St. Andrew's Christmas novena is made from the feast of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">St. Andrew</a> (November 30) through Christmas Eve with the novena prayer said <i>fifteen</i> times daily.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a> is a novena celebrated chiefly in some Latin American countries, such as Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, and by <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanics</a> in the United States. Colombians also celebrate a novena in the nine days leading to Christmas, known as the <a href="/wiki/Novena_of_aguinaldos" title="Novena of aguinaldos">novena of aguinaldos</a>. It is typically celebrated each year between December 16 and December 24.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The novena in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Infant_Jesus_of_Prague" title="Infant Jesus of Prague">Infant Jesus of Prague</a> is often said at Christmastide. The <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus">Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus</a> is the principal feast of the miraculous Infant.<sup id="cite_ref-praymorenovenas.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-praymorenovenas.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> the statue is ceremoniously paraded through the streets of <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> annually on May 27, with prayers and songs.<sup id="cite_ref-Brockman2011p237_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockman2011p237-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A novena to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">St. Joseph</a> is commonly made on the nine first Wednesdays before his feast day (March 19 and May 1) or on the nine days before the feast.<sup id="cite_ref-ano_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ano-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Franciscan friaries customarily hold a novena of nine (or thirteen) Tuesdays (or nine consecutive days) in honor of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a> before his feast day of June 13.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The novena to <a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">St. Jude</a> and the novena to <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Laziosi" title="Peregrine Laziosi">St. Peregrine</a>, the patron saint of cancer patients, each begin nine days before their feast days, but can be prayed in a particular time of need as well.<sup id="cite_ref-ano_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ano-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_customs">Regional customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regional customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novena practices were introduced into communities by Christian missionaries in their colonial era and postmodern era <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelization</a> efforts in Africa, as well as new world plantation colonies where African slaves were settled such as in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These initiatives brought a sense of socioreligious community.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some practices are unique to Africa. Various denominations of Christianity in Africa have introduced regional novena practices that include devotional prayers, singing, and clap, wave, or shout offerings. The novena devotionalism in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> includes on each of the nine nights, after the loud prayers, the blood-covering of Jesus, where the devotees stain themselves considering it to be symbolism for the blood of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the coastal West African Christian communities, novena is a means of petitioning God through worship and fasting, along with traditional rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syncretic new age religious practices in Nigeria have adopted the nine days of novena prayer ritualism.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Zimbabwe, according to Lawrence Daka – a professor and a Zimbabwean <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Their [Catholic clergy] healing sessions are theatric, hysterical, loud and really engaging to the extent that some people fall to the ground and others feel the power of God piercing through their bodies. Some of the strong willed Catholics have taken up Novena after Novena seeking divine intervention in a sickness or misfortune. In short, there is a great yearning and thirsting for a religion that delivers quick answers to people’s problems which range from misfortunes to dealing with illness and death. </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>The Church and the Challenges of the Healing Ministry in Zimbabwe</i>, May 2015<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe_and_North_America">Europe and North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe and North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_neuvaine_immaculee_conception,_novena,_Christian_devotionalism_in_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/A_neuvaine_immaculee_conception%2C_novena%2C_Christian_devotionalism_in_France.jpg/180px-A_neuvaine_immaculee_conception%2C_novena%2C_Christian_devotionalism_in_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/A_neuvaine_immaculee_conception%2C_novena%2C_Christian_devotionalism_in_France.jpg/270px-A_neuvaine_immaculee_conception%2C_novena%2C_Christian_devotionalism_in_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/A_neuvaine_immaculee_conception%2C_novena%2C_Christian_devotionalism_in_France.jpg/360px-A_neuvaine_immaculee_conception%2C_novena%2C_Christian_devotionalism_in_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption>A Marian novena wall painting in France, with tagline: "What do you want me to ask to My divine Son?"</figcaption></figure> <p>Devotional and paraliturgical novenas have been common in Europe as well as with European settlers in North America. These have included public worship such as Mass and private praying with religious items such as a rosary and images particularly related to the Virgin Mary. According to James M. O'Toole, a professor specializing in American Catholic history, the period between World War I and mid-1950s were the "heyday of American Catholic devotionalism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._52-54_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._52-54-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period witnessed novena devotionalism along with popularity of sodalities, confraternities, devotion to saints, <a href="/wiki/Friday_fast" title="Friday fast">meatless Fridays</a>, holy cards, rosary, cross and eucharistic practices.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Toole says that these provided a sense of communal identification, particularly in a time of mass migration. The novena had strong roots in ethnic neighborhoods, and devotional worship had sociopolitical links, offering a sense of communal security through religious symbols in a period of uncertainty and fear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._52-54_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._52-54-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As economic prosperity and a sense of national solidarity grew in and after the 1960s, the novena ritualism waned and the participation in church worship services fell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._75–83,_95–98_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._75–83,_95–98-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, novena practices continue. During the communist era, the devout orthodox Christians in the former Yugoslavia organized the Great Novena under the statue of Virgin Mary, to resist the state enforced atheism, to maintain the freedom to practice religion, and to re-assert the Christian legacy of the region, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Catholic Ireland, states Professor Gladys Ganiel, devotional practices such as novenas have been popular. The cultural acceptance of devotional worship has been historically high, and those Irish who themselves do not perform novenas, nevertheless respect those who do. Some of their Catholic ritual practices were repressed by the British state during the 18th and 19th centuries, but repression and criticism only increased the resolve of the Irish to persist in their ways of practicing their faith.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novena_prayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Novena_prayer.jpg/250px-Novena_prayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Novena_prayer.jpg/330px-Novena_prayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Novena_prayer.jpg/500px-Novena_prayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Novena prayer to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Succour" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Perpetual Succour">Our Lady of Perpetual Succour</a> in an Irish church</figcaption></figure> <p>A survey published in the 1921 Bulletin of the University of Notre Dame states that novena prayers were popular, and particularly common among students during examinations, or illness, or after the death of a fellow student.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Novena-Seance remain popular in many regions of the United States, such as among the Roman Catholics of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, where novenas are dedicated to St. Jude and the Virgin Mary. These novenas are prayers believed to create a contact between the saint and the devotee, and thereby invoke divine intervention in whatever problem or anxiety is important to the devotee.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novena has been an important part of Christianity in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, both among the native Indian communities who converted to Christianity under the colonial Spanish or Portuguese rule, as well as the diverse communities that formed anew from millions of slaves and indentured laborers brought to the Americas from different parts of Africa and Asia. The devotional prayers are dedicated to statues of Jesus Christ, Madonna and various saints. They are also a part of <i>velorio</i> (wake) after the death of someone, which includes nine nights of novena (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">rezos de los nueve días</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Patrick Taylor and Frederick Case, attendance at Christian religious services has been low, except after the death of a loved one or a significant socio-political individual, and during times of difficulty such as epidemics or a drought.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cannell145_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannell145-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many perform devotional worship with rosaries within their home before images of Christ and the Christian saints at a small dedicated altar within their living spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Cannell145_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannell145-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like proselytism in Africa and Asia, missionaries of various denominations of Christianity, including Protestantism, have championed novenas in Hispanic-Latino communities as a part of their efforts to attract new converts to their ministries.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colombians celebrate a novena in the nine days leading to Christmas, known as the <a href="/wiki/Novena_of_aguinaldos" title="Novena of aguinaldos">novena of aguinaldos</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novenas are still a common sight in India, especially in the state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. They are practised by Roman Catholics and oriental Catholics (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Christians</a>) and by the Orthodox Christians (<a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Jacobite_Syrian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church">Jacobite Orthodox Christians</a>). Novenas are common to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mother Mary</a> (recited every Saturday), <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> (common by the Orthodox and recited every Wednesday), <a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Saint Jude</a> (recited every Thursday), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Antony_of_Padua" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Antony of Padua">Saint Antony</a> (recited every Tuesday) and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">Parol</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Novena rites in Filipino churches</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novena_Mass_2016_Day_3_Prayers_to_Mary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Novena_Mass_2016_Day_3_Prayers_to_Mary.jpg/225px-Novena_Mass_2016_Day_3_Prayers_to_Mary.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Novena_Mass_2016_Day_3_Prayers_to_Mary.jpg/338px-Novena_Mass_2016_Day_3_Prayers_to_Mary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Novena_Mass_2016_Day_3_Prayers_to_Mary.jpg/450px-Novena_Mass_2016_Day_3_Prayers_to_Mary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Novena to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SINULOG_FESTIVAL_NOVENA_MASS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SINULOG_FESTIVAL_NOVENA_MASS.jpg/225px-SINULOG_FESTIVAL_NOVENA_MASS.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SINULOG_FESTIVAL_NOVENA_MASS.jpg/338px-SINULOG_FESTIVAL_NOVENA_MASS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SINULOG_FESTIVAL_NOVENA_MASS.jpg/450px-SINULOG_FESTIVAL_NOVENA_MASS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4644" data-file-height="3317" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Novena to <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ceb%C3%BA" title="Santo Niño de Cebú">Santo Niño de Cebú</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manila_Cathedral_(Simbang_Gabi)_(005)_2023-12-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28005%29_2023-12-20.jpg/225px-Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28005%29_2023-12-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28005%29_2023-12-20.jpg/338px-Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28005%29_2023-12-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28005%29_2023-12-20.jpg/450px-Manila_Cathedral_%28Simbang_Gabi%29_%28005%29_2023-12-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Simbang_Gabi" title="Simbang Gabi">Simbang Gabi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In Christian communities of the Philippines and Latin America, novena traditions include devotional rituals in front of an altar, with nine levels where the Holy Cross is placed at the top.<sup id="cite_ref-kuss163_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuss163-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are lit up with candles, decorated with flowers and other ritual items. Additionally, the space may have many statues decorated, and these statues typically include those of Virgin Mary, Apostles and saints of regional significance. The first day, the <a href="/wiki/Votive_candles" class="mw-redirect" title="Votive candles">votive candles</a> are placed on level one, and with each day the candles are raised by one level towards the Holy Cross. Further, each day includes congregational prayers, hymn singing with music, private and public devotionals. Some novenas include, sometimes on the last day, community fiesta events over beverages, refreshments or processions.<sup id="cite_ref-toole114_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toole114-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kuss163_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuss163-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novena is also linked to funerary rituals. Among <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Filipino Catholics</a>, the Rosary Novena is a common practice where the prayer is recited for nine days, often beginning the day of someone's death, and formal funeral services timed to any time until the ninth day.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadeau2011p350_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadeau2011p350-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsewhere, the day of the funeral and interment is timed to local customary practices, while the novena is continued at the home of the deceased or elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novenas remain a popular devotional practice in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is observed, for example, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Simbang_Gabi" title="Simbang Gabi">Simbang Gabi</a></i> immediately preceding <a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Christmas in the Philippines">Christmas</a>. The tradition of <a href="/wiki/Parol" title="Parol">parol</a> lanterns is also associated with the Christmas novena procession and the accompanying <a href="/wiki/Panunul%C3%BAyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Panunulúyan">Panunulúyan</a> pageant.<sup id="cite_ref-Orejas_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orejas-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pa_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>, Christmas novenas were known as <i>Lubenas</i> or <i>Lubenas Pascu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Orejas_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orejas-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pa_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also celebrated in the novena preceding the Feast of the <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Ceb%C3%BA" title="Santo Niño de Cebú">Santo Niño de Cebú</a> (Holy Child) on the third Sunday of January. The first nine days are marked with prayers, petitions and singing.<sup id="cite_ref-Ness2016p66_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ness2016p66-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the main procession in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a>, the Santo Niño image is taken through the streets, with many people carrying their own replicas, decorated according to their own tastes.<sup id="cite_ref-Ness2016p66_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ness2016p66-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Loboc,_Bohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Loboc, Bohol">Loboc, Bohol</a>, the most popular novena is dedicated to a <a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna" title="Black Madonna">Black Madonna</a> statue, with each service called the <i>Gozos</i>, which includes a chanting of praises to the Virgin in Spanish and Visayan, dancing, choir recitals, and a feast with fireworks on the last day.<sup id="cite_ref-brockman297_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brockman297-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, popular novenas to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help" title="Our Lady of Perpetual Help">Our Lady of Perpetual Help</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Saint Jude Thaddeus</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Nazarene" title="Black Nazarene">Black Nazarene</a> are assigned to the last three days of the working week.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each novena is associated with a particular shrine, all of which have been approved by the Holy See. Some organizations have also begun offering the novena rituals online for devotees.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Novena_to_Our_Mother_of_Perpetual_Help" title="Novena to Our Mother of Perpetual Help">Novena to Our Mother of Perpetual Help</a> is observed for nine consecutive Wednesdays in <a href="/wiki/Baclaran" title="Baclaran">Baclaran</a>. The Saint Jude novena on Thursdays invokes the apostle's status as the Patron Saint of Lost Causes, and is popular with students taking examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Black Nazarene novena held on Fridays marks the journey of Christ with the cross to his crucifixion. The image, novena, and associated devotional practices have a large following. In 2011, over six million Catholic devotees flocked to the Black Nazarene procession in Manila alone.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Melanesia">Melanesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Melanesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 19th century <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, the Christian clergy linked the end of epidemics, such as the measles of 1860, and credited the survival of the communities after major disasters to the dedicated and great outburst of prayers to Christian icons, to "fervent novena".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the Black Madonna novenas in Luboc started after similar crediting by the Christian clergy that the island community survived after a severe epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> because they made devotional prayers to the Virgin Mary (Madonna) during their time of suffering.<sup id="cite_ref-brockman297_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brockman297-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Novenas in anticipation of Christmas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbang_Gabi" title="Simbang Gabi">Simbang Gabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena_of_aguinaldos" title="Novena of aguinaldos">Novena of aguinaldos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena_of_Grace" title="Novena of Grace">Novena of Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena_to_Our_Mother_of_Perpetual_Help" title="Novena to Our Mother of Perpetual Help">Novena to Our Mother of Perpetual Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_(liturgy)" title="Octave (liturgy)">Octave (liturgy)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triduum" title="Triduum">Triduum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchnurr,_Dennis1998" class="citation book cs1">Schnurr, Dennis (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=17pdZ0b951AC"><i>Novena for Justice and Peace</i></a>. US Catholic Conference Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57455-237-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57455-237-9"><bdi>978-1-57455-237-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Novena+for+Justice+and+Peace&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=US+Catholic+Conference+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-57455-237-9&rft.au=Schnurr%2C+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D17pdZ0b951AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span>; Quote: "Novenas are devotional prayers repeated nine successive times for special intentions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ncr_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncr_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/spirituality/novena-pentecost-feast-ascension">"Novena for Pentecost: Feast of the Ascension"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 2020-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Novena+for+Pentecost%3A+Feast+of+the+Ascension&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Fspirituality%2Fnovena-pentecost-feast-ascension&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denominations-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Denominations_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denominations_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404202333/http://saintbernardchurch.org/Faith-Formation/Adult-Faith/Devotions">"What is a novena?"</a>. Catholic Community of St. Matthew & St. Bernard Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saintbernardchurch.org/Faith-Formation/Adult-Faith/Devotions">the original</a> on 4 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2016</span>. <q>Though the novena is primarily a devotion used by members of the Catholic Church, it is also practiced by some Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran Christians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+novena%3F&rft.pub=Catholic+Community+of+St.+Matthew+%26+St.+Bernard+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaintbernardchurch.org%2FFaith-Formation%2FAdult-Faith%2FDevotions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Toole-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Toole_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Toole_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Toole,_James_M.2004" class="citation book cs1">O'Toole, James M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=re7swvoBVQAC"><i>Habits of Devotion: Catholic Religious Practice in Twentieth-century America</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801472558" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801472558"><bdi>978-0801472558</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Habits+of+Devotion%3A+Catholic+Religious+Practice+in+Twentieth-century+America&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0801472558&rft.au=O%27Toole%2C+James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dre7swvoBVQAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hilger-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hilger_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hilger_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hilger_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11141b.htm">Hilgers, Joseph. "Novena." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Enchiridion Indulgentiarum</i>, "34.(Novendiales preces)", Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html">"Sacrosanctum concilium"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Sacrosanctum+concilium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nadeau2011p350-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nadeau2011p350_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nadeau2011p350_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_H._X._LeeKathleen_M._Nadeau2011" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9BrfLWdeISoC"><i>Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">350–</span>351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35066-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35066-5"><bdi>978-0-313-35066-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Asian+American+Folklore+and+Folklife&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E350-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35066-5&rft.au=Jonathan+H.+X.+Lee&rft.au=Kathleen+M.+Nadeau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9BrfLWdeISoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Premier-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Premier_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414025213/http://www.premier.org.uk/Projects/Novena-nine-days-of-prayer-with-Premier">"Novena: nine days of prayer with Premier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.premier.org.uk/Projects/Novena-nine-days-of-prayer-with-Premier">the original</a> on 14 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novena%3A+nine+days+of+prayer+with+Premier&rft.pub=Premier+Christian+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.premier.org.uk%2FProjects%2FNovena-nine-days-of-prayer-with-Premier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anatolios2009p140-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anatolios2009p140_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_F._BrownKhaled_AnatoliosMartin_Palmer2009" class="citation book cs1">Stephen F. Brown; Khaled Anatolios; Martin Palmer (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3KePZKSVUgwC&pg=PA140"><i>Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-106-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-106-2"><bdi>978-1-60413-106-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholicism+%26+Orthodox+Christianity&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-106-2&rft.au=Stephen+F.+Brown&rft.au=Khaled+Anatolios&rft.au=Martin+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3KePZKSVUgwC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span>, Quote: Novena, Roman Catholic devotions consisting of prayers or services held on nine consecutive days or weeks honoring Mary, the mother of Jesus, or the saints</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Carson2003" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Carson (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tQ4KAQAAMAAJ"><i>New Catholic Encyclopedia: Mos-Pat</i></a> (2nd ed.). Thomson/Gale. pp. <span class="nowrap">465–</span>468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-4004-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-4004-0"><bdi>978-0-7876-4004-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Mos-Pat&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E465-%3C%2Fspan%3E468&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thomson%2FGale&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-4004-0&rft.au=Thomas+Carson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtQ4KAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSosa1982" class="citation journal cs1">Sosa, Juan J. (1982). "Illness and Healing in Hispanic Communities". <i>Liturgy</i>. <b>2</b> (2). Routledge: <span class="nowrap">64–</span>67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F04580638209408609">10.1080/04580638209408609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liturgy&rft.atitle=Illness+and+Healing+in+Hispanic+Communities&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F04580638209408609&rft.aulast=Sosa&rft.aufirst=Juan+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFenella_Cannell2006" class="citation book cs1">Fenella Cannell (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wO0pTd_UzlkC"><i>The Anthropology of Christianity</i></a>. Duke University Press. pp. 74 note 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-3646-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-3646-4"><bdi>0-8223-3646-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anthropology+of+Christianity&rft.pages=74+note+15&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8223-3646-4&rft.au=Fenella+Cannell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwO0pTd_UzlkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.learnreligions.com/saint-andrew-christmas-novena-542608">"Learn About the Saint Andrew Christmas Novena Prayer"</a>. <i>Learn Religions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Learn+Religions&rft.atitle=Learn+About+the+Saint+Andrew+Christmas+Novena+Prayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.learnreligions.com%2Fsaint-andrew-christmas-novena-542608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brit_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Las-Posadas">"Las Posadas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+Posadas&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLas-Posadas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-praymorenovenas.com-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-praymorenovenas.com_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.praymorenovenas.com/the-infant-jesus-novena">PrayMoreNovenas.com "The Infant of Prague Novena"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brockman2011p237-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brockman2011p237_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorbert_C._Brockman2011" class="citation book cs1">Norbert C. Brockman (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNZ15Oow8XcC"><i>Encyclopedia of Sacred Places, 2nd Edition</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-655-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sacred+Places%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-655-3&rft.au=Norbert+C.+Brockman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNZ15Oow8XcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ano-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ano_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ano_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nolacatholic.org/what-is-a-novena">"What is a Novena? ", Archdiocese of New Orleans</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stanthony.org/online-prayer-request-catholic/st-anthony-novena-prayer/">"St. Anthony Novena Prayer", St. Anthony Shrine, OFM Province of St. John the Baptist, Cincinnati, Ohio</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFR._Andrew_Chesnut1997" class="citation book cs1">R. Andrew Chesnut (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSL31stk6JgC"><i>Born Again in Brazil: The Pentecostal Boom and the Pathogens of Poverty</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">44–</span>45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-2406-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-2406-1"><bdi>978-0-8135-2406-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+Again+in+Brazil%3A+The+Pentecostal+Boom+and+the+Pathogens+of+Poverty&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-2406-1&rft.au=R.+Andrew+Chesnut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSL31stk6JgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_TaylorFrederick_I._Case2013" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Taylor; Frederick I. Case (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XOyYCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">230–</span>231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09433-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09433-0"><bdi>978-0-252-09433-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Caribbean+Religions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E230-%3C%2Fspan%3E231&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-252-09433-0&rft.au=Patrick+Taylor&rft.au=Frederick+I.+Case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXOyYCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Gifford1998" class="citation book cs1">Paul Gifford (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VwQo5KmRmWYC&pg=PA96"><i>African Christianity: Its Public Role</i></a>. Indiana University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">96–</span>97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21204-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21204-7"><bdi>978-0-253-21204-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Christianity%3A+Its+Public+Role&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21204-7&rft.au=Paul+Gifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVwQo5KmRmWYC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoy_MoodleyMarguerite_LengyellRosa_WuUwe_P._Gielen2015" class="citation book cs1">Roy Moodley; Marguerite Lengyell; Rosa Wu; et al., eds. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k4JXCQAAQBAJ"><i>International Counseling Case Studies Handbook</i></a>. Wiley. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-09830-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-09830-0"><bdi>978-1-119-09830-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Counseling+Case+Studies+Handbook&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-119-09830-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk4JXCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael C. Mbabuike (1996), Skimming the New Waves: A Survey of New Age Religions in Nigeria, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Mar., 1996), pages 401-413</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence Daka (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.hekima.ac.ke/index.php/hekimareview/article/view/888/120">The Church and the Challenges of the Healing Ministry in Zimbabwe</a>, Hekima Review, Kenya: Hekima University College Journal, Number 52, page 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._52-54-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._52-54_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._52-54_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOToole_2004,_pp._52-54">OToole 2004, pp. 52-54</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFOToole_2004,_pp._52-54 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Huels (1976), <i>The Popular Appeal of the Sorrowful Mother Novena</i>, Marianum, Volume 38, pages 191-199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._75–83,_95–98-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOToole_2004,_pp._75–83,_95–98_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOToole_2004,_pp._75–83,_95–98">OToole 2004, pp. 75–83, 95–98</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFOToole_2004,_pp._75–83,_95–98 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Kelly and Joseph Kelly (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3789591">Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Gender Roles, and the Decline of Devotional Catholicism</a>, Journal of Social History, Oxford University Press, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Autumn, 1998), pages 5-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVjekoslav_Perica2002" class="citation book cs1">Vjekoslav Perica (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jIoKMGRHxn4C&pg=PA63"><i>Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">63–</span>74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517429-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517429-8"><bdi>978-0-19-517429-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Idols%3A+Religion+and+Nationalism+in+Yugoslav+States&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517429-8&rft.au=Vjekoslav+Perica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjIoKMGRHxn4C%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGladys_Ganiel2016" class="citation book cs1">Gladys Ganiel (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AaeKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26"><i>Transforming Post-Catholic Ireland: Religious Practice in Late Modernity</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-107438-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-107438-7"><bdi>978-0-19-107438-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transforming+Post-Catholic+Ireland%3A+Religious+Practice+in+Late+Modernity&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-107438-7&rft.au=Gladys+Ganiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAaeKCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Notre_Dame1921" class="citation book cs1">University of Notre Dame (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nkNMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA32"><i>Bulletin of the University of Notre Dame - July, Series XVII, Number 1</i></a>. The University Press. pp. 11, <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulletin+of+the+University+of+Notre+Dame+-+July%2C+Series+XVII%2C+Number+1&rft.pages=11%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=The+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.au=University+of+Notre+Dame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnkNMAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClaude_F._JacobsAndrew_J._Kaslow2001" class="citation book cs1">Claude F. Jacobs; Andrew J. Kaslow (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bmz53IG97EQC"><i>The Spiritual Churches of New Orleans: Origins, Beliefs, and Rituals of an African-American Religion</i></a>. Univ. of Tennessee Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">62–</span>65, <span class="nowrap">207–</span>210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57233-148-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57233-148-8"><bdi>978-1-57233-148-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spiritual+Churches+of+New+Orleans%3A+Origins%2C+Beliefs%2C+and+Rituals+of+an+African-American+Religion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E65%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E210&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57233-148-8&rft.au=Claude+F.+Jacobs&rft.au=Andrew+J.+Kaslow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbmz53IG97EQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_TaylorFrederick_I._Case2013" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Taylor; Frederick I. Case (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XOyYCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">513–</span>514. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09433-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09433-0"><bdi>978-0-252-09433-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Caribbean+Religions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E513-%3C%2Fspan%3E514&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-252-09433-0&rft.au=Patrick+Taylor&rft.au=Frederick+I.+Case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXOyYCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIsabel_Zakrzewski_Brown1999" class="citation book cs1">Isabel Zakrzewski Brown (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bB2cedC3ruQC"><i>Culture and Customs of the Dominican Republic</i></a>. Greenwood. pp. <span class="nowrap">71–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30314-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30314-2"><bdi>978-0-313-30314-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30314-2&rft.au=Isabel+Zakrzewski+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbB2cedC3ruQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Thomas Harricharan (1981), Divina pastora: novena prayers, Trinidad Services, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/64200815">64200815</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_TaylorFrederick_I._Case2013" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Taylor; Frederick I. Case (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XOyYCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">152–</span>153, <span class="nowrap">229–</span>230, 899. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09433-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09433-0"><bdi>978-0-252-09433-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Caribbean+Religions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E152-%3C%2Fspan%3E153%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E230%2C+899&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-252-09433-0&rft.au=Patrick+Taylor&rft.au=Frederick+I.+Case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXOyYCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cannell145-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cannell145_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cannell145_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFenella_Cannell2006" class="citation book cs1">Fenella Cannell (7 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wO0pTd_UzlkC"><i>The Anthropology of Christianity</i></a>. Duke University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">112–</span>113, <span class="nowrap">145–</span>148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-3646-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-3646-4"><bdi>0-8223-3646-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anthropology+of+Christianity&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E113%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E145-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2006-11-07&rft.isbn=0-8223-3646-4&rft.au=Fenella+Cannell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwO0pTd_UzlkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell_E._Johnson2002" class="citation book cs1">Maxwell E. Johnson (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N5Icu1uwkC8C&pg=PA126"><i>The Virgin of Guadalupe: Theological Reflections of an Anglo-Lutheran Liturgist</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. <span class="nowrap">126–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2284-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2284-8"><bdi>978-0-7425-2284-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Virgin+of+Guadalupe%3A+Theological+Reflections+of+an+Anglo-Lutheran+Liturgist&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E126-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-2284-8&rft.au=Maxwell+E.+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN5Icu1uwkC8C%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuss163-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kuss163_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuss163_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalena_Kuss2007" class="citation book cs1">Malena Kuss (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uspTNzJ_NoYC"><i>Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Encyclopedic History, Volume 2</i></a>. University of Texas Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">163–</span>164, <span class="nowrap">198–</span>200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-78498-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-78498-7"><bdi>978-0-292-78498-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean%3A+An+Encyclopedic+History%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E164%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E198-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-292-78498-7&rft.au=Malena+Kuss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuspTNzJ_NoYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toole114-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toole114_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_M._O'Toole2004" class="citation book cs1">James M. O'Toole (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=re7swvoBVQAC"><i>Habits of Devotion: Catholic Religious Practice in Twentieth-century America</i></a>. Cornell University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">114–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-7255-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-7255-5"><bdi>0-8014-7255-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Habits+of+Devotion%3A+Catholic+Religious+Practice+in+Twentieth-century+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8014-7255-5&rft.au=James+M.+O%27Toole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dre7swvoBVQAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_H._X._LeeKathleen_M._Nadeau2011" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9BrfLWdeISoC"><i>Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35066-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35066-5"><bdi>978-0-313-35066-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Asian+American+Folklore+and+Folklife&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35066-5&rft.au=Jonathan+H.+X.+Lee&rft.au=Kathleen+M.+Nadeau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9BrfLWdeISoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerry Pierse (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27661952">Popular Religiosity: A Philippine Experience</a>, The Furrow, Vol. 42, No. 4 (April 1991), pages 232–236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orejas-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orejas_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orejas_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrejas2012" class="citation news cs1">Orejas, Tonette (14 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/324159/lubenas-is-alive-in-angeles-city">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Lubenas' is alive in Angeles City"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=%27Lubenas%27+is+alive+in+Angeles+City&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft.aulast=Orejas&rft.aufirst=Tonette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F324159%2Flubenas-is-alive-in-angeles-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pa-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pa_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pa_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.propertyasia.ph/newsroom/2016/12/13/look-back-history-parol/">"A Look Back at The History of The Parol"</a>. <i>PropertyAsia.ph</i>. 13 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PropertyAsia.ph&rft.atitle=A+Look+Back+at+The+History+of+The+Parol&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.propertyasia.ph%2Fnewsroom%2F2016%2F12%2F13%2Flook-back-history-parol%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ness2016p66-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ness2016p66_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ness2016p66_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSally_Ann_Ness2016" class="citation book cs1">Sally Ann Ness (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ctOtCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66"><i>Body, Movement, and Culture: Kinesthetic and Visual Symbolism in a Philippine Community</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">66–</span>67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5128-1822-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5128-1822-2"><bdi>978-1-5128-1822-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Body%2C+Movement%2C+and+Culture%3A+Kinesthetic+and+Visual+Symbolism+in+a+Philippine+Community&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-5128-1822-2&rft.au=Sally+Ann+Ness&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DctOtCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brockman297-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brockman297_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brockman297_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorbert_C._Brockman2011" class="citation book cs1">Norbert C. Brockman (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNZ15Oow8XcC"><i>Encyclopedia of Sacred Places, 2nd Edition</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-655-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sacred+Places%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-655-3&rft.au=Norbert+C.+Brockman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNZ15Oow8XcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeoffrey_Wainwright2006" class="citation book cs1">Geoffrey Wainwright (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5VQUdZhx1gC&pg=PA674"><i>The Oxford History of Christian Worship</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">674–</span>675. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3"><bdi>978-0-19-513886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Christian+Worship&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E674-%3C%2Fspan%3E675&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513886-3&rft.au=Geoffrey+Wainwright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5VQUdZhx1gC%26pg%3DPA674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSun_Sun_LimCheryll_Soriano2016" class="citation book cs1">Sun Sun Lim; Cheryll Soriano (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LrRYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34"><i>Asian Perspectives on Digital Culture: Emerging Phenomena, Enduring Concepts</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">33–</span>39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-55263-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-55263-5"><bdi>978-1-317-55263-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Perspectives+on+Digital+Culture%3A+Emerging+Phenomena%2C+Enduring+Concepts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-55263-5&rft.au=Sun+Sun+Lim&rft.au=Cheryll+Soriano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrRYCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPurita_Echevarria_De_Gonzalez2000" class="citation book cs1">Purita Echevarria De Gonzalez (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vVpxAAAAMAAJ"><i>Manila: A Memoir of Love & Loss</i></a>. Hale & Iremonger. pp. <span class="nowrap">22–</span>25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86806-698-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86806-698-1"><bdi>978-0-86806-698-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manila%3A+A+Memoir+of+Love+%26+Loss&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.pub=Hale+%26+Iremonger&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-86806-698-1&rft.au=Purita+Echevarria+De+Gonzalez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVpxAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jose Alain Austria (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejournals.ph/article.php?id=3177">Hijos de Enero 9: Quiapo’s Black Nazarene Procession as a Male Rite of Passage</a>, <i>Manila Journal</i>, Volume 8, Number 1, page 15; Quote: "This year [2011] approximately 6.5 million devotees flocked to Quiapo and the Luneta, joining the longest procession on record of sixteen hours."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1995" class="citation journal cs1">Douglas, Bronwen (1995). "Power, discourse and the appropriation of god: Christianity and subversion in a Melanesian context". <i>History and Anthropology</i>. <b>9</b> (1). Routledge: <span class="nowrap">57–</span>92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02757206.1995.9960870">10.1080/02757206.1995.9960870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+and+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Power%2C+discourse+and+the+appropriation+of+god%3A+Christianity+and+subversion+in+a+Melanesian+context&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02757206.1995.9960870&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Bronwen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Novena". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Novena&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: General bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barbara Calamari & Sandra DiPasqua, <i>Novena</i>, Penguin Studio, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-88444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-88444-8">0-670-88444-8</a>.</li> <li>Right Reverend Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Stedman" title="Joseph F. Stedman">Joseph F. Stedman</a>, <i>The New Revised 'Triple' Novena Manual</i>, Confraternity of the Precious Blood, 1975.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_G._Storey2005" class="citation book cs1">William G. Storey (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EYT77Z4SRgYC"><i>Novenas: Prayers of Intercession and Devotion</i></a>. Loyola University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8294-2161-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8294-2161-3"><bdi>978-0-8294-2161-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Novenas%3A+Prayers+of+Intercession+and+Devotion&rft.pub=Loyola+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8294-2161-3&rft.au=William+G.+Storey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEYT77Z4SRgYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovena" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novena&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.praymorenovenas.com/novenas">List of Novenas at PrayMoreNovenas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/novena.pdf">"Novena for the repose of the soul of John Paul II"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051219023153/http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/novena.pdf">Archived</a> 2005-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creeds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie eleison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Pater noster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Signum crucis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Infant Samuel at Prayer"><img alt="Infant Samuel at Prayer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/120px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/250px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Marian prayers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Redemptoris_Mater" title="Alma Redemptoris Mater">Alma Redemptoris Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Ave Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_maris_stella" title="Ave maris stella">Ave maris stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima_prayers" title="Fátima prayers">Fátima prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_litany" title="Marian litany">Litany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Loreto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Mother_of_Grace" title="Mary, Mother of Grace">Maria mater gratiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorare" title="Memorare">Memorare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina" title="Salve Regina">Salve Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapular" title="Scapular">Scapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_tuum_praesidium" title="Sub tuum praesidium">Sub tuum praesidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Hail_Marys" title="Three Hail Marys">Three Hail Marys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">Other Catholic prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Contrition" title="Act of Contrition">Act of Contrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoro_te_devote" title="Adoro te devote">Adoro te devote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_God" title="Angel of God">Angele Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></li> 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