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<li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prewar_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prewar_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Prewar period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prewar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Japanese occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lead-up_to_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lead-up_to_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Lead-up to occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lead-up_to_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_war_propaganda_instrument" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_war_propaganda_instrument"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>As a war propaganda instrument</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_war_propaganda_instrument-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post-war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Post-independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_interference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_interference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Government interference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_interference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_circulation_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_circulation_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>2023 circulation scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_circulation_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coverage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coverage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coverage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>International editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Straits_Times_Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straits_Times_Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>Straits Times</i> Online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straits_Times_Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Community programmes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Community_programmes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Community programmes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Community_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Straits_Times_School_Pocket_Money_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Straits_Times_School_Pocket_Money_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>The Straits Times</i> School Pocket Money Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Straits_Times_School_Pocket_Money_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Straits_Times_Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Straits_Times_Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>The Straits Times</i> Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Straits_Times_Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Additional_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Additional sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ستريتس تايمز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستريتس تايمز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="استریتس تایمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استریتس تایمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0_%ED%83%80%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4" title="더 스트레이츠 타임스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더 스트레이츠 타임스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%BD_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Ստրեյթս Թայմս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստրեյթս Թայմս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="द स्ट्रेट्स टाइम्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द स्ट्रेट्स टाइम्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="ザ・ストレーツ・タイムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザ・ストレーツ・タイムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เดอะสเตรตส์ไทมส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดอะสเตรตส์ไทมส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="The Straits Times" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" title="海峽時報 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海峽時報" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q498921#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Singaporean daily broadsheet newspaper</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the newspaper. For the stock index, see <a href="/wiki/Straits_Times_Index" title="Straits Times Index">Straits Times Index</a>. For the Malaysian newspaper and former sister publication, see <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250428316">.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Straits Times</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Straits_Times_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Straits_Times_Logo.svg/250px-The_Straits_Times_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Straits_Times_Logo.svg/375px-The_Straits_Times_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Straits_Times_Logo.svg/500px-The_Straits_Times_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="43" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Straits_Times_(December_13,_2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a8/The_Straits_Times_%28December_13%2C_2019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="332" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="332" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>The Straits Times</i> front page<br />on 13 December 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daily_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily newspaper">Daily newspaper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Online</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SPH_Media" title="SPH Media">SPH Media</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Jaime Ho<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">15 July 1845<span class="noprint">; 179 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1845-07-15</span>)</span> (as <i>The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce</i>)<br />(65586 issues)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_English" title="Singapore English">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">1000 <a href="/wiki/Toa_Payoh" title="Toa Payoh">Toa Payoh</a> North, News Centre, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, 318994</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">995,991 <small>(As of August 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-sphaboutbroadsheet_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sphaboutbroadsheet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> number</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8572659">8572659 </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com">www<wbr />.straitstimes<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.4em; border-top: 1px solid #aaa"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Singapore">Media of Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Singapore" title="List of newspapers in Singapore">List of newspapers</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Straits Times</b></i> (also known informally by its <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviation</a> <i><b>ST</b></i>) is a Singaporean daily <a href="/wiki/Singapore_English" title="Singapore English">English-language</a> newspaper owned by the <a href="/wiki/SPH_Media_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="SPH Media Trust">SPH Media Trust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sphaboutbroadsheet_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sphaboutbroadsheet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established on 15 July 1845, it is the most-widely circulated newspaper in the country and has a significant regional audience.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sterling_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sterling-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newspaper is published in the <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> format and online, the latter of which was launched in 1994. It is regarded as the <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">newspaper of record</a> for <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p><p>Print and digital editions of <i>The Straits Times</i> and <i>The Sunday Times</i> had a daily average circulation of 364,134 and 364,849 respectively in 2017, as audited by Audit Bureau of Circulations Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, country-specific editions were published for residents in Brunei and Myanmar, with newsprint circulations of 2,500 and 5,000 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-myanmar_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myanmar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brunei_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brunei-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST5June1858.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ST5June1858.jpg/200px-ST5June1858.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ST5June1858.jpg/300px-ST5June1858.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ST5June1858.jpg/400px-ST5June1858.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1378" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce</i> on 5 June 1858.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg/200px-19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg/300px-19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg/400px-19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2291" data-file-height="3371" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Page 7 in <i>The Straits Times</i> on 12 December 1907 entitled "Stone-Laying Ceremony: New Methodist Episcopal Church for Singapore", about the construction of <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Methodist_Church,_Singapore" title="Wesley Methodist Church, Singapore">Wesley Methodist Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Canning_Hill" title="Fort Canning Hill">Fort Canning Hill</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST28February1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/ST28February1935.jpg/200px-ST28February1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/ST28February1935.jpg/300px-ST28February1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/ST28February1935.jpg/400px-ST28February1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2154" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Page 11 in <i>The Straits Times</i> on 28 February 1935. The "Plans for a new Supreme Court" report would lead to the construction of the contemporary <a href="/wiki/Old_Supreme_Court_Building,_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Supreme Court Building, Singapore">Old Supreme Court Building</a>, completed on 3 August 1939. The building was used in its official capacity until 20 June 2005, by which it was converted to a national museum named the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_Singapore" title="National Gallery Singapore">National Gallery Singapore</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original conception for <i>The Straits Times</i> has been debated by historians of Singapore. Prior to 1845, the only English-language newspaper in Singapore was <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Free_Press" title="Singapore Free Press"><i>The</i> <i>Singapore Free Press</i></a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/William_Napier_(lawyer)" title="William Napier (lawyer)">William Napier</a> in 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marterus Thaddeus Apcar, an Armenian merchant, had intended to start a paper, hired an editor, and purchased printing equipment from England. However the would-be editor died abruptly, prior to the arrival of the printing equipment, and Apcar went bankrupt. Fellow Armenian and friend, Catchick Moses, then bought the printing equipment from Apcar and launched <i>The Straits Times</i> with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr_Woods" title="Robert Carr Woods">Robert Carr Woods, Sr.</a>, an English journalist from Bombay as editor. The paper was founded as <i><b>The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce</b></i> on 15 July 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Straits Times</i> was launched as an eight-page weekly, published at 7 Commercial Square using a hand-operated press. The subscription fee then was Sp.$1.75 per month. As editor, Woods sought to distinguish <i>The Straits Times</i> from <i>The Singapore Free Press</i> by including humour, short stories, and foreign news, and by making use of regular steamship services carrying mail that launched shortly before <i>The Straits Times</i> was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Mary_Turnbull" title="Mary Turnbull">Mary Turnbull</a> disputes this account of <i>The Straits Times</i>' founding, saying that it was unlikely an Armenian merchant would have wanted to found an English-language newspaper, particularly given the presence of the more established <i>Singapore Free Press</i>. In September 1846, the paper was given to Woods outright because the press proved unprofitable to run and Moses was unable to sell it. The paper struggled with a lack of subscribers and newsworthy items to coverage. Woods covered the financial deficit by using the printing press for other projects, including the first directory of Singapore, <i>The Straits Times Almanack, Calendar and Directory</i>, published in 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first major political stance taken by <i>The Straits Times</i> was against <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, the Rajah of Sarawak. Woods personally resented Brooke and changed that Brooke's action against <a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> "pirates" was a massacre of peaceful, civilian merchants. The rival <i>Singapore Free Press</i> came to Brooke's defence and the ensuing controversy boosted the circulation of both papers. Woods petitioned the British government for an inquest of Brooke's actions in 1851, with a commission convened in 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brookes was exonerated, but the popularity of the episode made <i>The Straits Times</i> a success, and it became a daily newspaper in 1858. </p><p>Woods continued as editor of the paper until he sold it in 1860. John Cameron served as editor from 1861 to 1869, during which the paper nearly went out of business due to a hugely destructive fire. The paper's assets were sold at public auction for $40 and Cameron went bankrupt, although he managed to revive the newspaper. Six years after Cameron's death in 1881, his widow appointed Arnot Reid, a young Scottish journalist, as editor, who then held the post for 12 years.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Straits Times</i> became a major reporter of political and economic events of note in <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a>, including shipping news, civil and political unrest in Siam and Burma, official reports, and including high society news items such as tea parties held at <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Government House, Singapore">Government House</a> and visits from dignitaries such as the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan of Johor</a>. Colonial officials, such as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Swettenham" title="Frank Swettenham">Frank Swettenham</a>, wrote articles, sometimes in their own names. The paper later published Swettenham's writings on the history of <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> and his involvement in the British Residential system in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Following Reid's retirement, Alexander W. Still took over as editor, a post he held for 18 years. During Still's leadership as editor, <i>The Straits Times</i> built a reputation for bold reporting and fearless commentary. It was known as the "Thunderer of the East", a reference to the original Thunderer, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times"><i>The Times of London</i></a>, and was a critic of the British colonial administration, though much milder in its criticism of the government compared to its critique of unethical businesses. Under Still's leadership, circulation (from 3,600 in 1910 to 4,100 in 1920) and ad revenues increased. Still's outspokenness as editor resulted in a number of libel suits against the paper, which were either lost or settled privately out of court. He believed that the paper had an obligation to investigate and expose corruption both in government and in business. </p><blockquote><p>For our own part, we cherish the liberty of the press simply for its value to the community as a whole. Nothing fills us with greater contempt than the type of journalism, unfortunately somewhat on the increase in Great Britain, which pries into private affairs, gloats over domestic scandals, and tickles the palates of the people with snappy tidbits of personality. We do not want liberty of the press extended in a form that would enable this kind of journalism to pander without fear of penalties. But in the modern constitution of society, the press has great functions to perform. It is the chief safeguard against corruption . . . our business is to do what we deem right and necessary in the public interest, and no law court can be the keeper of our conscience . . . Malaya has some reason to be proud of its press. It is honest, clean, and public-spirited. It may be wrong-headed occasionally - we may ourselves be the chief of sinners in that respect - but it puts no man or woman to the blush, and its aims are generally wholesome.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Still attacked the actions of governor <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Guillemard" title="Laurence Guillemard">Laurence Guillemard</a> on the grounds of a free press, such as back-room discussions of a proposed constitutional change that colonial administrators urged reporters to delay covering until the proposals were announced. In an editorial, Still replied, "That is mere pompous nonsense when addressed to a free people and a free press."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Singapore Free Press</i>, which had folded in 1869, was revived by W.G. St. Clair, who edited it until 1916. The rival newspapers spurred readership among the growing English-reading community, with <i>The Singapore Free Press</i> published in the morning and <i>The Straits Times</i> released in the afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still retired from <i>The Straits Times</i> in 1926 and the paper cycled through four editors in the span of two years before George Seabridge became editor in 1928. He held the position for the next 18 years and oversaw huge growth in circulation: from 5,000 to 25,000 subscribers. </p><p><i>The Straits Times</i> focused predominantly on British and British-related events while ignoring the politics and socio-economic issues of concern to other groups, including the Malay, Chinese, and Indian populations in and around Singapore. Coverage of events related to non-British was typically restricted to court cases or sensationalized crimes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tok_Janggut" title="Tok Janggut">Tok Janggut</a>'s rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> in 1915. Under Still's editorship, the paper called for better working conditions for Malay, Chinese, and Indian labourers, but on the grounds that it would improve their efficiency and productivity. Still also considered the Asian population of Singapore "untrustworthy" and suggested they should not hold positions of power or serve in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asian reporters at <i>The Straits Times</i> experienced discrimination in the workplace and while on assignment. Peter Benson Maxwell, an Indian reporter, arranged an interview with the governor <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Clementi" title="Cecil Clementi">Cecil Clementi</a> via Clementi's secretary, but was quickly removed from the premises of the Government House when he arrived in person.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The paper was originally owned by the individual founders before becoming a private company, as it remained until 1950. Its single largest shareholder was the procurer of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Foreign_Missions_Society" title="Paris Foreign Missions Society">Paris Foreign Missions Society</a>, the Reverend N.J. Couvreur, who also served as the chairman of the company's board of the directors from 1910 to 1920. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prewar_period">Prewar period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prewar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1920s and 1930s, <i>The Straits Times</i> began to face competition from other papers, specifically the <i>Malaya Tribune</i>, which promised "frank discussion of Malayan affairs" and "weekly articles by special and well-informed writers, Chinese, Indians, and Muslims".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Tribune</i>, founded in 1914, lagged behind <i>The Straits Times</i> in sales and readership, and launched an advertising campaign to increase circulation and move the paper away from its image as the "clerk's paper". It also hired talented journalists, including Leslie Hoffman and T.S. Khoo, who became the editor-in-chief and deputy editor-in-chief, respectively, of <i>The Straits Times</i> after World War II. The efforts of the <i>Malaya Tribune</i> were successful when, in 1932, its circulation exceeded that of <i>The Straits Times</i>. In response to the competition, Seabridge improved the company by building a new office, replacing and updating old printing equipment, hiring local journalists, and beginning delivery upcountry.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also made significant changes to the paper: he expanded coverage of events in Singapore and Malaya; created a Sunday paper; cut the price of the paper to match that of the <i>Malaya Tribune</i>; and incorporated pictures, comics, and other eye-catching elements to make the paper more attractive. Particularly with the reduction of cost, the number of subscribers dramatically increased. In 1938, the paper began delivery by air to Kuala Lumpur, where they were taken from the city to rural areas by vans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Part of Seabridge's attempts to expand circulation was to include "women's columns", particularly by incorporating the voices of the wives of wealthy British planters.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1933, the renewed <i>Free Press</i> was unable to maintain the competition with <i>The Straits Times</i> and the paper was bought by Seabridge, though it remained more closely affiliated with merchants and lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_occupation">Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lead-up_to_occupation">Lead-up to occupation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lead-up to occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ST15February1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ST15February1942.jpg/200px-ST15February1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ST15February1942.jpg/300px-ST15February1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ST15February1942.jpg/400px-ST15February1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption><i>The Sunday Times</i> edition on 15 February 1942. Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Percival" title="Arthur Percival">Arthur Percival</a> surrendered on behalf of the Commonwealth forces later that day, leading to the largest surrender of British forces in history.</figcaption></figure><p> In July 1941, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Duff_Cooper" title="Duff Cooper">Duff Cooper</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">Minister of Information</a>, to investigate how to coordinate defence policy planning in Asia against the threat of Japanese invasion. Cooper arrived in Singapore in September 1941 and reported that the various civil, governmental, and military elements did not communicate or coordinate well. Seabridge, as chief editor, was highly critical of the lack of planning and efficiency of government officials.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seabridge and F. D. Bisseker, the chairman of the Eastern Smelting Company, strongly urged Cooper to build up the civil defense; Seabridge also back Cooper's proposal to institute martial law.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese attacks in the northern Malay states began on 8 December 1941, the day after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>. Five days later, the commander ordered the evacuation of all European women and children and all military personnel from the island of <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang</a>. Similar evacuations of only Europeans were ordered throughout the month of December, seriously undermining the morale of the much larger Asian population of Singapore and the surrounding British areas. However, Governor <a href="/wiki/Shenton_Thomas" title="Shenton Thomas">Shenton Thomas</a> insisted that the British community of Singapore not flee in the face of the Japanese, that no racial discrimination was to take place in the evacuation of civilians, and that British civil officers stay behind to "look after their Asian charges".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government also obstructed information of the severity of the situation on the frontlines. On 5 January 1941, <i>The Straits Times</i> published the following lead article summarizing the situation.</p><blockquote><p>Malaya has now been in the front line for a month. The Northern Settlement is in enemy hands, and fighting is taking place within 200 miles of Singapore. This island has been bombed on several occasions with 'slight damage to civilian property' and 'a few civilian casualties'. That is a reasonably accurate summary of all the people of this country have been told of the fighting that is going around them. Vague 'lines' have been mentioned and there have been sundry 'strategic withdrawals'. Such generalities provide a very flimsy basis indeed for detailed comment – so flimsy that we do not propose to attempt a task which is very nearly impossible of achievement … The view we propose to put forward here is the view of the middle-class Asiatic who has been asked to help in maintaining morale but finds himself quite unable to do so . . . If the newspapers and the newspaper reading public are to be any help in combatting rumour, they must be supplied with the only things which are of the slightest value in carrying out the task. And those things are facts.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Occupation">Occupation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 20 February 1942, five days after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a>, <i>The Straits Times</i> was renamed by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> and became known as <i>The Shonan Times</i>, Shonan <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">昭南</span></span>)</span> being the Japanese name for Singapore. The first issue of <i>The Shonan Times</i> published a declaration by <a href="/wiki/Tomoyuki_Yamashita" title="Tomoyuki Yamashita">Tomoyuki Yamashita</a>, announcing that the aim of the Japanese was to establish the <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a> in order to achieve a "Great Spirit of Cosmocrasy" and "sweep away the arrogant and unrighteous British elements".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The children's newspaper, outlined in the third goal, was published as <i>Sakura</i> and included as a free supplement in the 10 June 1942 edition of the <i>Syonan Shimbun</i>, though it was later sold separately for one <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese sen"><i>sen</i></a>. In addition to the <i>Sakura</i> children's newspaper, the <i>Syonan Shimbun</i>, in all its iterations, was used by the Japanese government as a way of attempting to create pro-Japanese youth leaders among the multiethnic, multilingual children of Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The paper was later published as <i>The Syonan Times</i>, <i>The Syonan Sinbun</i>, and <i>The Syonan Shimbun</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NewspaperSG_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewspaperSG-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changes in the spelling arose from squabbles between adherents of different <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a> systems, namely <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a> and a standard devised by the Japanese military government (i.e. General Tojo was written as Tozyo).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 December 1942, the anniversary of the initial Japanese invasion, the paper was published as the <i>Syonan Sinbun</i>, the English-language edition of a Japanese newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It finally became the <i>Syonan Shimbun</i> on 8 December 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper was reverted back to <i>The Straits Times</i> on 5 September 1945 as Singapore returned to British colonial rule and subsequently until today. </p><p>During this period, the paper was thoroughly pro-Japanese and would often report on <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Japan's war efforts in the Pacific</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giese_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giese-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 240">: 240 </span></sup> The newspaper was run by members of the Japanese military propaganda division and included prominent writers such as <a href="/wiki/Masuji_Ibuse" title="Masuji Ibuse">Masuji Ibuse</a>. </p><p> Seabridge and his wife fled Singapore on 11 February 1942 and went to <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Batavia (present-day Jakarta)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Batavia, Seabridge filed a secret report for the War Cabinet in London in April 1942 on the failure of both military and civilian governments to hold and maintain Singapore's defences.</p><blockquote><p>Singapore itself was in a state of almost complete chaos from the end of December. Civil Servants who had evacuated from the Malay States sought to set up temporary departments in Singapore for no other apparent reason than the preservation of their jobs. Even the FMS Income Tax Department set itself up in Singapore after the last Federated State had fallen into Japanese hands. The Civil administration cracked badly and broke completely at some points. There was little co-operation with the Services, and many indications of jealousy and fear that outsiders might poach on the preserves of the Civil Servant … The extent to which obstructionists flourished was staggering.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="As_a_war_propaganda_instrument">As a war propaganda instrument</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As a war propaganda instrument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:612px;max-width:612px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST20February1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ST20February1942.jpg/200px-ST20February1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ST20February1942.jpg/300px-ST20February1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ST20February1942.jpg/400px-ST20February1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2749" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The first issue of <i>The Shonan Times</i> on 20 February 1942, five days after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST3February1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ST3February1943.jpg/200px-ST3February1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ST3February1943.jpg/300px-ST3February1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ST3February1943.jpg/400px-ST3February1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1991" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The newspaper as <i>The Syonan Sinbun</i> on 3 February 1943. The ongoing <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> dominates the news.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST3April1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ST3April1944.jpg/200px-ST3April1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ST3April1944.jpg/300px-ST3April1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ST3April1944.jpg/400px-ST3April1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2006" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The newspaper as <i>The Syonan Shimbun</i> on 3 April 1944, two flags of Japan are prominently displayed due to the anniversary of the death of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Emperor Jimmu</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In June 1942, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_propaganda_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese propaganda during World War II">Military Propaganda Squad</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">軍宣伝班</span></span>)</span> launched a campaign, Nippon-Go Popularising Week, to promote the Japanese language among Singaporeans, using the <i>Syonan Shimbun</i>. The Propaganda Squad drafted some 150 members of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">literati</a> and assigned them to Singapore (Syonan) under the 25th Army Military Administration. These included notable authors such as the novelist <a href="/wiki/Masuji_Ibuse" title="Masuji Ibuse">Masuji Ibuse</a>, poet Jimbo Kōtaro, and literary critic Nakajima Kenzo. A document dated 17 May 1942 outlined the four main objectives of Nippon-Go Popularising Week.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>To promote the study of Japanese during and after Nippon-Go Popularising Week, introduce the Japanese state of affairs in a series of articles, and strengthen the command of conventional Japanese language in the local papers.</li> <li>To entreat all Japanese soldiers involved in the constructive war effort to cooperate in teaching correct Japanese to natives.</li> <li>To publish a weekly children's katakana newspaper.</li> <li>To publish a guidebook on the proper pronunciation of Japanese syllables.</li></ol> <p>The children's newspaper, outlined in the third goal, was published as <i>Sakura</i> and included as a free supplement in the 10 June 1942 edition of the <i>Syonan Shimbun</i>, though it was later sold separately for one <i>sen</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war">Post-war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:612px;max-width:612px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST12December1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ST12December1950.jpg/200px-ST12December1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ST12December1950.jpg/300px-ST12December1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ST12December1950.jpg/400px-ST12December1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1297" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The newspaper on 12 December 1950, reporting the <a href="/wiki/Maria_Hertogh_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Hertogh riots">Maria Hertogh riots</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST21August1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ST21August1955.jpg/200px-ST21August1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ST21August1955.jpg/300px-ST21August1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ST21August1955.jpg/400px-ST21August1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>The Sunday Times</i> edition on 21 August 1955, announcing the opening of <a href="/wiki/Paya_Lebar_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Paya Lebar Airport">Paya Lebar Airport</a> and subsequently the closure of <a href="/wiki/Kallang_Airport" title="Kallang Airport">Kallang Airport</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST27May1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ST27May1961.jpg/200px-ST27May1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ST27May1961.jpg/300px-ST27May1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ST27May1961.jpg/400px-ST27May1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2270" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The newspaper on 27 May 1961, two days after the <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Ho_Swee_fire" title="Bukit Ho Swee fire">Bukit Ho Swee fire</a>. The government's response would lead the way to the development of public housing throughout the country in decades to come.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>On 11 March 1950, <i>The Straits Times</i> became a <a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">public limited company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, <i>The Straits Times</i> established a Malayan (now Malaysian) edition, the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a></i>, based in Kuala Lumpur. Since the separation of the two countries, these newspapers are now unaffiliated with each other. During the early days of <a href="/wiki/Self-governance_of_Singapore" title="Self-governance of Singapore">Singaporean self-governance</a> (before 1965), the paper, who had a pro-colonial stance, had an uneasy relationship with some politicians. This included the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> (PAP), who desired self-governance for Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Editors were warned by British colonial officials that any reportage that may threaten the merger between Singapore and the Malayan Federation may result in subversion charges, and that they may be detained without trial under the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Act_(Singapore)" title="Internal Security Act (Singapore)">Preservation of Public Security Ordinance Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>, <i>The Straits Times</i> published cash bounties for information leading to the killing or capture of senior communists.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier during the Emergency, The <i>Straits Times</i> had erroneously reported that 26 suspected communist guerrillas had been shot dead by the British military while attempting to escape after ammunition had been discovered in their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was later discovered that 24 people had been shot dead, and that all of them were innocent civilians who had been executed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Batang_Kali_massacre" title="Batang Kali massacre">Batang Kali massacre</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Scots_Guards" title="Scots Guards">Scots Guards</a> regiment; an event described by historians as the British <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Lai_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mỹ Lai massacre">Mỹ Lai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence">Post-independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:816px;max-width:816px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST10August1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/ST10August1965.jpg/200px-ST10August1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/ST10August1965.jpg/300px-ST10August1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/ST10August1965.jpg/400px-ST10August1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1420" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The famous "Singapore is out" headline on 10 August 1965, announcing the independence and sovereignty of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Singapore">Republic of Singapore</a> after it was expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of Malaysia">Federation of Malaysia</a> the day prior.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST24November1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ST24November1970.jpg/200px-ST24November1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ST24November1970.jpg/300px-ST24November1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ST24November1970.jpg/400px-ST24November1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1430" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The newspaper on 24 November 1970, announcing the death of the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Singapore">president of the Republic of Singapore</a> <a href="/wiki/Yusof_Ishak" title="Yusof Ishak">Yusof Ishak</a> the day prior.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST1November1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ST1November1981.jpg/200px-ST1November1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ST1November1981.jpg/300px-ST1November1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ST1November1981.jpg/400px-ST1November1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1458" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>The Sunday Times</i> edition on 1 November 1981, when <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Party of Singapore">Workers Party</a> politician <a href="/wiki/J._B._Jeyaretnam" title="J. B. Jeyaretnam">J. B. Jeyaretnam</a> won the <a href="/wiki/1981_Anson_by-election" title="1981 Anson by-election">1981 Anson by-election</a>, becoming the first non-PAP politician to be elected to Parliament since Singapore gained independence in 1965.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ST16March1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/ST16March1986.jpg/200px-ST16March1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/ST16March1986.jpg/300px-ST16March1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/ST16March1986.jpg/400px-ST16March1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1427" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>The Sunday Times</i> edition on 16 March 1986, a day after the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Hotel_New_World" title="Collapse of Hotel New World">Collapse of Hotel New World</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>After Singapore gained its independence in 1965, the newspaper has since been referred to as Singapore's <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">newspaper of record</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asiaone.com_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiaone.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its history as being largely anti-PAP and anti-independence when Singapore was a colony, it has become largely pro-PAP after independence.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The news website of <i>The Straits Times</i> launched on 1 January 1994, making it one of the first newspapers in the world to do so. The website remained entirely free until 2005 when paid subscription became required to fully access news and commentary.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Government_interference">Government interference</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government interference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 1965, during the early days of <a href="/wiki/Self-governance_of_Singapore" title="Self-governance of Singapore">Singaporean self-governance</a>, the paper had an uneasy relationship with some politicians, including the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> (PAP).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was partially due to Hoffman criticising the PAP during the <a href="/wiki/1959_Singaporean_general_election" title="1959 Singaporean general election">1959 general election</a> and supporting the eventually defeated chief minister <a href="/wiki/Lim_Yew_Hock" title="Lim Yew Hock">Lim Yew Hock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editors were warned that any reportage that may threaten the merger between Singapore and the Malayan Federation may result in subversion charges, and that they may be detained without trial under the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Act_(Singapore)" title="Internal Security Act (Singapore)">Preservation of Public Security Ordinance Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following criticism of the paper's coverage from <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1979_Singaporean_by-elections" title="1979 Singaporean by-elections">1979 by-elections</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1980_Singaporean_general_election" title="1980 Singaporean general election">1980 general election</a>, <i>The Straits Times</i> agreed to accept <a href="/wiki/S.R._Nathan" class="mw-redirect" title="S.R. Nathan">S.R. Nathan</a>, a government nominee and the former Director of Internal Security, as its executive chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the Singaporean government restructured the entire newspaper industry, in which all papers published in English, Chinese, and Malay were brought under Singapore Press Holdings (SPH), established on 30 November 1984. Following the establishment of the conglomerate, <i>The Straits Times</i>, and the other subsidiaries, were allowed to maintain its own board of directors and editorial staff. </p><p>The newspaper is sometimes referred as "the mouthpiece" of the ruling party,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asiaone.com1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiaone.com1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or at least "mostly pro-government",<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as "close to the government".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chua Chin Hon, then ST's bureau chief for the United States, was quoted as saying that SPH's "editors have all been groomed as pro-government supporters and are careful to ensure that reporting of local events adheres closely to the official line" in a 2009 US diplomatic cable <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">leaked by WikiLeaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Past chairpersons of Singapore Press Holdings have been civil or public servants. The SPH Chairman before the SPH media restructuring, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Boon_Yang" title="Lee Boon Yang">Lee Boon Yang</a>, was a former PAP cabinet minister who took over from Tony Tan, former Deputy Prime Minister. Many current ST management and senior editors have close links to the government as well. SPH CEO <a href="/wiki/Alan_Chan" title="Alan Chan">Alan Chan</a> was a former top civil servant and Principal Private Secretary to then Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Current editor-in-chief Warren Fernandez was considered as a PAP candidate for the 2006 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th rowspan="2">Position(s) in SPH </th> <th rowspan="2">Years served </th> <th colspan="2">Position(s) in public office </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>Before SPH</small> </th> <th><small>After SPH</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S._R._Nathan" title="S. R. Nathan">S.R. Nathan</a> </td> <td>Executive chairman of the Straits Times Press/SPH </td> <td>1982–1988 </td> <td>Perm Sec. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> </td> <td>Ambassador, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">President of Singapore</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lim_Kim_San" title="Lim Kim San">Lim Kim San</a> </td> <td>Executive chairman of SPH </td> <td>1988–2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Singapore" title="Cabinet of Singapore">Cabinet Minister</a>, Chairman of <a href="/wiki/PSA_International" title="PSA International">Port of Singapore Authority</a> </td> <td>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Presidential_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Presidential Advisers">Council of Presidential Advisers</a>, Chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Management_University" title="Singapore Management University">Singapore Management University</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lim Chin Beng </td> <td>Chairman of SPH </td> <td>2002–2005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Tan" title="Tony Tan">Tony Tan</a> </td> <td>Executive chairman of SPH </td> <td>2005–2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore">Deputy Prime Minister</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">President of Singapore</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tjong Yik Min </td> <td>President of SPH </td> <td>1995–2002 </td> <td>Director of <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Department_(Singapore)" title="Internal Security Department (Singapore)">Internal Security Department</a> </td> <td>Group Chief Executive, <a href="/wiki/Yeo_Hiap_Seng" title="Yeo Hiap Seng">Yeo Hiap Seng</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Chan" title="Alan Chan">Alan Chan</a> </td> <td>Director, president, chief executive of SPH </td> <td>2002–2017 </td> <td>Perm. Sec. of the Ministry of Transport </td> <td>Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Land_Transport_Authority" title="Land Transport Authority">Land Transport Authority</a> (LTA)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_Boon_Yang" title="Lee Boon Yang">Lee Boon Yang</a> </td> <td>Executive chairman of SPH </td> <td>2011–2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Singapore" title="Cabinet of Singapore">Cabinet Minister</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zainul_Abidin_(politician)" title="Zainul Abidin (politician)">Zainul Abidin Rasheed</a> </td> <td>Editor of Berita Harian, Associate editor of ST </td> <td>1976–1996 </td> <td> </td> <td>Senior Minister of State for Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chua Lee Hoong </td> <td>Review, Political editor of ST<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1995–2012<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Intelligence analyst of Internal Security Department<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Senior Director of Resilience Policy and Research Centre and National Security Research Centre, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Singapore)" title="Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)">Prime Minister's Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Patrick Daniel </td> <td>Editor-in-chief, deputy chief executive of SPH </td> <td>1986–2017 </td> <td>Director in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore)">Ministry of Trade and Industry</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Interim CEO of SPH Media Trust<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ng_Yat_Chung" title="Ng Yat Chung">Ng Yat Chung</a> </td> <td>Chief executive of SPH </td> <td>2017–2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptune_Orient_Lines" title="Neptune Orient Lines">CEO of Neptune Orient Lines</a>, Chief of Army, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Force_(Singapore)" title="Chief of Defence Force (Singapore)">Chief of Defence Force</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Han Fook Kwang </td> <td>Editor of ST, Editor-at-large<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1989–present </td> <td>Deputy Director of Ministry of Communications (Land Transport)<sup id="cite_ref-asiaone.com_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiaone.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Janadas_Devan" title="Janadas Devan">Janadas Devan</a> </td> <td>Senior editor of ST </td> <td>1997–2012 </td> <td>Academic </td> <td>Chief of Government Communications<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In his memoir <i>OB Markers: My Straits Times Story</i>, former editor-in-chief Cheong Yip Seng, alleged how the newspaper has a government-appointed "monitor" at the newspaper, "someone who could watch to see if indeed the newsroom was beyond control", and that disapproval of the "monitor" could cost a reporter or editor from being internally promoted.<sup id="cite_ref-sentinel_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sentinel-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheong identified the first monitor as <a href="/wiki/S._R._Nathan" title="S. R. Nathan">S. R. Nathan</a>, director of the Ministry of Defence's <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Division" title="Security and Intelligence Division">Security and Intelligence Division</a> and later <a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">president of Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sentinel_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sentinel-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editors were bound by "<a href="/wiki/OB_marker" title="OB marker">out of bounds markers</a>" to denote what topics are permissible for public discussion, such as anything that may produce ill-will and hostility between different races and religious groups.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_circulation_scandal">2023 circulation scandal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2023 circulation scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a 2023 leak published on socio-political website Wake Up, Singapore, <i>the Straits Times</i> revealed that SPH Media inflated its circulation figures in 2022 by 85-95,000 copies daily across all publications, or 10-12% of the reported daily average circulation. The numbers were inflated by means such as including copies that were printed and counted for circulation but destroyed, fictitious counts, and double-counting subscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coverage">Coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Straits Times</i> functions with 16 <a href="/wiki/News_bureau" title="News bureau">bureaus</a> and special correspondents in major cities worldwide. The paper has five sections: the main section consist of Asian and international news, with sub-sections of columns and editorials and the Forum Page (letters to the press). The Home section consist of local news and topics on Education for Monday, Mind and Body for Tuesday, Digital for Wednesday, Community for Thursday and Science for Friday. There are also a <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a> section, a classified ads and job listing section and a lifestyle, style, <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a> section titled "Life!". </p><p>The newspaper also publishes special editions for primary and secondary schools in Singapore. The primary-school version contains a special pull-out, titled "Little Red Dot" and the secondary-school version contains a pull-out titled <i>"In"</i>. </p><p>A separate edition <i>The Sunday Times</i> is published on Sundays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_editions">International editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A specific Myanmar and Brunei edition of this paper was launched on 25 March 2014 and 30 October 2014. It is published daily with local newspaper printers on licence with SPH. This paper is distributed on ministries, businesses, major hotels, airlines, bookshops and supermarkets on major cities and target sales to local and foreign businessmen in both countries. Circulation of the Myanmar edition currently stands at 5,000 and 2,500 for the Brunei edition. The Brunei edition is currently sold at B$1 per copy and an All-in-One <i>Straits Times</i> package consisting of the print edition and full digital access via online, tablets and smartphones, will also be introduced in Brunei.<sup id="cite_ref-myanmar_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myanmar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brunei_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brunei-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Straits_Times_Online"><i>Straits Times</i> Online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Straits Times Online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Launched on 1 January 1994, <i>The Straits Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> website was free of charge and granted access to all the sections and articles found in the print edition. On 1 January 2005, the online version began requiring registration and after a short period became a paid-access-only site. Currently, only people who subscribe to the online edition can read all the articles on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, including the frequently updated "Latest News" section. </p><p>A free section, featuring a selection of news stories, is currently available at the site. Regular <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodcast">vodcast</a> and twice-daily—mid-day and evening updates—radio-news bulletins are also available for free online. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation">Preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2007, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_Board" title="National Library Board">National Library Board</a> signed an agreement with the Singapore Press Holdings to digitise the archives of <i>The Straits Times</i> going back to its founding in 1845. The archived materials are held in the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library and are available to the public through microfilm.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_programmes">Community programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Community programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Straits_Times_School_Pocket_Money_Fund"><i>The Straits Times</i> School Pocket Money Fund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Straits Times School Pocket Money Fund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Straits Times</i> School Pocket Money Fund was initiated on 1 October 2000 by <i>The Straits Times</i>, to heighten public awareness of the plight of children from low-income families who were attending school without proper breakfast, or pocket money to sustain their day in school.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aim is to alleviate the financial burden faced by parents in providing for their children's education. At the same time the funds will help children who are already facing difficulties in remaining in school to stay on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Straits_Times_Schools"><i>The Straits Times</i> Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The Straits Times Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Straits Times</i> Schools is a news desk created to encourage youth readership and interest in news and current affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Launched in 2004, the programme was initially known as <i>The Straits Times</i> Media Club. Youth newspapers, <i>IN</i> and <i>Little Red Dot</i> are produced on a weekly basis for secondary and primary school students respectively, whose schools would have to subscribe in bulk.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students will receive their papers every Monday together with the main broadsheet. On 7 March 2017, a digital <i>IN</i> app was launched, allowing parents, students and other individual ST subscribers to subscribe to <i>IN</i> weekly releases digitally.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2020 <a href="/wiki/Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism" title="Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism">Reuters Institute</a> independent survey of 15 media outlets found that 73% of Singaporean respondents trusted reporting from <i>The Straits Times</i>, the second highest rating next to <a href="/wiki/CNA_(TV_network)" title="CNA (TV network)">Channel NewsAsia</a> (CNA), a local TV news channel.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a></i> - Malaysian edition spin-off and former sister publication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Singapore">Media of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Singapore" title="List of newspapers in Singapore">List of newspapers in Singapore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/about-the-straits-times-leadership">"About The Straits Times Leadership"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 7 November 2022.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newspaper+Article+-+Straits+Times+and+Singapore+Journal+of+Commerce&rft.pub=Newspapers.nl.sg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.nl.sg%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes18460501.2.13.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2007225091">"The Straits times and Singapore journal of commerce"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=The+Straits+Times+marks+178+years+as+region%27s+oldest+newspaper&rft.date=2023-07-15&rft.issn=0585-3923&rft.aulast=Correspondent&rft.aufirst=Chantal+SajanSenior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Flife%2Fhome-design%2Fthe-straits-times-marks-178-years-as-region-s-oldest-newspaper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sterling-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sterling_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_H._Sterling" title="Christopher H. 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Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-204-615-1" title="Special:BookSources/981-204-615-1"><bdi>981-204-615-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33925517">33925517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dateline+Singapore+%3A+150+years+of+the+Straits+times&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Singapore+Press+Holdings&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33925517&rft.isbn=981-204-615-1&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Constance+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F33925517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley1984" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Charles Burton (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11519818"><i>An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore : from the foundation of the settlement under the honourable the East India Company on February 6th, 1819 to the transfer to the Colonial Office as part of the colonial possessions of the Crown on April 1st, 1867</i></a>. Singapore: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-582602-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-582602-7"><bdi>0-19-582602-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11519818">11519818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+anecdotal+history+of+old+times+in+Singapore+%3A+from+the+foundation+of+the+settlement+under+the+honourable+the+East+India+Company+on+February+6th%2C+1819+to+the+transfer+to+the+Colonial+Office+as+part+of+the+colonial+possessions+of+the+Crown+on+April+1st%2C+1867&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11519818&rft.isbn=0-19-582602-7&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Charles+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F11519818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull2009" class="citation book cs1">Turnbull, C. M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/489265927"><i>A history of modern Singapore, 1819-2005</i></a>. Singapore: NUS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-343-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-343-5"><bdi>978-9971-69-343-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/489265927">489265927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+modern+Singapore%2C+1819-2005&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F489265927&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-343-5&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=C.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F489265927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKheng1996" class="citation journal cs1">Kheng, Cheah Boon (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493312">"Review of Dateline Singapore: 150 Years of the Straits Times"</a>. <i>Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>69</b> (2 (271)): <span class="nowrap">116–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0126-7353">0126-7353</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493312">41493312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Review+of+Dateline+Singapore%3A+150+Years+of+the+Straits+Times&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2+%28271%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E116-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41493312%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0126-7353&rft.aulast=Kheng&rft.aufirst=Cheah+Boon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41493312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/824552213"><i>New Culture in a New World : the May Fourth Movement and the Chinese Diaspora in Singapore, 1919-1932</i></a>. David Kenley. Taylor & Francis. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94564-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94564-0"><bdi>978-1-135-94564-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/824552213">824552213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Culture+in+a+New+World+%3A+the+May+Fourth+Movement+and+the+Chinese+Diaspora+in+Singapore%2C+1919-1932.&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F824552213&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94564-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F824552213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/154714418"><i>Paths not taken : political pluralism in post-war Singapore</i></a>. Michael D. Barr, Carl A. Trocki. Singapore: NUS Press. 2008. pp. <span class="nowrap">267–</span>300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-378-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-378-7"><bdi>978-9971-69-378-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154714418">154714418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paths+not+taken+%3A+political+pluralism+in+post-war+Singapore&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E267-%3C%2Fspan%3E300&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154714418&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-378-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F154714418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaman2021" class="citation book cs1">Eaman, Ross Allan (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1200832987"><i>Historical dictionary of journalism</i></a> (2nd ed.). Lanham. p. 359. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-2504-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-2504-5"><bdi>978-1-5381-2504-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1200832987">1200832987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+journalism&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pages=359&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1200832987&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-2504-5&rft.aulast=Eaman&rft.aufirst=Ross+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1200832987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta2017" class="citation journal cs1">Datta, Arunima (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/678796">"Negotiating Gendered Spaces in Colonial Press: Wives of European planters in British Malaya"</a>. <i>Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History</i>. <b>18</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcch.2017.0041">10.1353/cch.2017.0041</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1532-5768">1532-5768</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158208191">158208191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Colonialism+and+Colonial+History&rft.atitle=Negotiating+Gendered+Spaces+in+Colonial+Press%3A+Wives+of+European+planters+in+British+Malaya&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158208191%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1532-5768&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcch.2017.0041&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Arunima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F678796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2006" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Colin (4 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvPjNAMacDsC"><i>Singapore Burning: Heroism and Surrender in World War II</i></a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190662-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190662-1"><bdi>978-0-14-190662-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore+Burning%3A+Heroism+and+Surrender+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2006-05-04&rft.isbn=978-0-14-190662-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvPjNAMacDsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShennan2015" class="citation book cs1">Shennan, Margaret (1 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8iYXCwAAQBAJ"><i>Out in the Midday Sun: The British in Malaya 1880-1960</i></a>. Monsoon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4625-32-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4625-32-6"><bdi>978-981-4625-32-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+in+the+Midday+Sun%3A+The+British+in+Malaya+1880-1960&rft.pub=Monsoon+Books&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.isbn=978-981-4625-32-6&rft.aulast=Shennan&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8iYXCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrellHunter2009" class="citation book cs1">Farrell, Brian; Hunter, Sandy (15 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vQWJAAAAQBAJ"><i>A Great Betrayal: The Fall of Singapore Revisited</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">110–</span>114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4435-46-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4435-46-8"><bdi>978-981-4435-46-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Great+Betrayal%3A+The+Fall+of+Singapore+Revisited&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E110-%3C%2Fspan%3E114&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+International+Asia+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft.isbn=978-981-4435-46-8&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Hunter%2C+Sandy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvQWJAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrum2018" class="citation book cs1">McCrum, Ronald (27 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rh1qDwAAQBAJ"><i>Men Who Lost Singapore, 1938-1942</i></a>. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4722-42-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4722-42-1"><bdi>978-981-4722-42-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+Who+Lost+Singapore%2C+1938-1942&rft.pub=Flipside+Digital+Content+Company+Inc.&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft.isbn=978-981-4722-42-1&rft.aulast=McCrum&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRh1qDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSengupta2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nilanjana_Sengupta_(author)" title="Nilanjana Sengupta (author)">Sengupta, Nilanjana</a> (29 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qVe2DAAAQBAJ"><i>Singapore, My Country: Biography Of M Bala Subramanion</i></a>. World Scientific. pp. <span class="nowrap">62–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-314-131-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-314-131-5"><bdi>978-981-314-131-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore%2C+My+Country%3A+Biography+Of+M+Bala+Subramanion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.isbn=978-981-314-131-5&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Nilanjana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqVe2DAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKratoska2018" class="citation book cs1">Kratoska, Paul H. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1041772670"><i>The Japanese occupation of Malaya and Singapore, 1941-45: a social and economic history</i></a> (2nd ed.). Singapore. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-325-027-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-325-027-7"><bdi>978-981-325-027-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1041772670">1041772670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+occupation+of+Malaya+and+Singapore%2C+1941-45%3A+a+social+and+economic+history&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=46&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1041772670&rft.isbn=978-981-325-027-7&rft.aulast=Kratoska&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1041772670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiao2021" class="citation journal cs1">Liao, Edgar Bolun (31 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/archipel/2620">"Creating and Mobilizing "Syonan" Youth: Youth and the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, 1942-1945"</a>. <i>Archipel. Études interdisciplinaires sur le monde insulindien</i> (102): <span class="nowrap">65–</span>97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Farchipel.2620">10.4000/archipel.2620</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-8613">0044-8613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archipel.+%C3%89tudes+interdisciplinaires+sur+le+monde+insulindien&rft.atitle=Creating+and+Mobilizing+%22Syonan%22+Youth%3A+Youth+and+the+Japanese+Occupation+of+Singapore%2C+1942-1945&rft.issue=102&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=2021-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Farchipel.2620&rft.issn=0044-8613&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=Edgar+Bolun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Farchipel%2F2620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewspaperSG-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewspaperSG_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/BrowseNewspaper?nid=syonantimes&tvw=DG">"The Syonan Shimbun"</a>. <i>eresources.nlb.gov.sg</i>. Singapore: NewspaperSG<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>Title varies: 20 Feb 1942 as Shonan Times; 21 Feb - 7 Dec 1942 as Syonan Times; 8 Dec 1942 - 7 Dec 1943 as Syonan Sinbun.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eresources.nlb.gov.sg&rft.atitle=The+Syonan+Shimbun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FBrowseNewspaper%3Fnid%3Dsyonantimes%26tvw%3DDG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Mendelssohn1944" class="citation book cs1">De Mendelssohn, Peter (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1290099204"><i>Japan's political warfare</i></a>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136917240" title="Special:BookSources/9781136917240"><bdi>9781136917240</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1290099204">1290099204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+political+warfare&rft.place=London&rft.date=1944&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1290099204&rft.isbn=9781136917240&rft.aulast=De+Mendelssohn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1290099204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKratoska2021" class="citation book cs1">Kratoska, Paul (16 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=moBPEAAAQBAJ"><i>South East Asia Colonial History V4</i></a>. Routledge. p. 385. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-56050-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-56050-3"><bdi>978-1-000-56050-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+East+Asia+Colonial+History+V4&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft.isbn=978-1-000-56050-3&rft.aulast=Kratoska&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmoBPEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKratoska1997" class="citation book cs1">Kratoska, Paul H. (1 January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0QVpYVpBHTsC"><i>The Japanese Occupation of Malaya: A Social and Economic History</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1889-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1889-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-1889-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Occupation+of+Malaya%3A+A+Social+and+Economic+History&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1889-0&rft.aulast=Kratoska&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0QVpYVpBHTsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giese-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Giese_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giese, O., 1994, Shooting the War, Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1557503079" title="Special:BookSources/1557503079">1557503079</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2016" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Kaushik (15 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DuAzDwAAQBAJ"><i>Sepoys against the Rising Sun: The Indian Army in Far East and South-East Asia, 1941–45</i></a>. BRILL. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30678-3"><bdi>978-90-04-30678-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sepoys+against+the+Rising+Sun%3A+The+Indian+Army+in+Far+East+and+South-East+Asia%2C+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30678-3&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Kaushik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDuAzDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurohi2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kurohi, Rei (17 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:27059/">"Identity and Ideology in Sakura Katakana Shimbun"</a>. <i>ScholarBank@NUS Repository</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ScholarBank%40NUS+Repository&rft.atitle=Identity+and+Ideology+in+Sakura+Katakana+Shimbun&rft.date=2018-04-17&rft.aulast=Kurohi&rft.aufirst=Rei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhcommons.org%2Fdeposits%2Fitem%2Fhc%3A27059%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKheng1996" class="citation journal cs1">Kheng, Cheah Boon (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493312">"Review of Dateline Singapore: 150 Years of the Straits Times"</a>. <i>Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>69</b> (2 (271)): <span class="nowrap">116–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0126-7353">0126-7353</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493312">41493312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Review+of+Dateline+Singapore%3A+150+Years+of+the+Straits+Times&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2+%28271%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E116-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41493312%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0126-7353&rft.aulast=Kheng&rft.aufirst=Cheah+Boon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41493312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87">"PAP and English Press"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 30 April 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819020258/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=PAP+and+English+Press&rft.date=1959-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590430-1.2.87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62">"Press Freedom"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 19 May 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819164945/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Press+Freedom&rft.date=1959-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590519-1.2.62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13">"IPI to Discuss PAP Threat Against The Straits Times"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 22 May 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820000358/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=IPI+to+Discuss+PAP+Threat+Against+The+Straits+Times&rft.date=1959-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590522-1.2.13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ugly threats' are also a menace to already dwindling liberties"</a>. 28 May 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819235302/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Ugly+threats%27+are+also+a+menace+to+already+dwindling+liberties&rft.date=1959-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590528-1.2.113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardMiraflorPeng2003" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Ian; Miraflor, Norma; Peng, Chin (2003). <i>Alias Chin Peng: My Side of History</i>. Singapore: Media Masters. pp. <span class="nowrap">312–</span>313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-04-8693-6" title="Special:BookSources/981-04-8693-6"><bdi>981-04-8693-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alias+Chin+Peng%3A+My+Side+of+History&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E312-%3C%2Fspan%3E313&rft.pub=Media+Masters&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=981-04-8693-6&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Miraflor%2C+Norma&rft.au=Peng%2C+Chin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHack2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hack, Karl (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0968344516671738">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Devils that Suck the Blood of the Malayan People'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>War in History</i>. <b>25</b>: 209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0968344516671738">10.1177/0968344516671738</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159509434">159509434</a> – via Sage Journals.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+in+History&rft.atitle=%27Devils+that+Suck+the+Blood+of+the+Malayan+People%27&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=209&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0968344516671738&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159509434%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hack&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0968344516671738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAglionby2001" class="citation news cs1">Aglionby, John (26 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby">"A tick in the only box"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150855/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+tick+in+the+only+box&rft.date=2001-10-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Aglionby&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Foct%2F26%2Fworlddispatch.johnaglionby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asiaone.com-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asiaone.com_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asiaone.com_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html">"More young people writing to ST Forum"</a>. <i>www.asiaone.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916053101/http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asiaone.com&rft.atitle=More+young+people+writing+to+ST+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaone.com%2FNews%2FEducation%2FStory%2FA1Story20100429-213155.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMydans2011" class="citation news cs1">Mydans, Seth (5 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html">"In Singapore, Political Campaigning Goes Viral"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151455/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Singapore%2C+Political+Campaigning+Goes+Viral&rft.date=2011-05-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F06%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F06iht-singapore06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104">"Singapore Straits Times website down after hacker threat"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 4 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151303/https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Singapore+Straits+Times+website+down+after+hacker+threat&rft.date=2013-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fsingapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813181519/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/singapore-bans-chinese-american-scholar-foreign-agent-49033721">"Singapore bans Chinese-American scholar as foreign agent"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/singapore-bans-chinese-american-scholar-foreign-agent-49033721">the original</a> on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Singapore+bans+Chinese-American+scholar+as+foreign+agent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fsingapore-bans-chinese-american-scholar-foreign-agent-49033721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87">"PAP and English Press"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 30 April 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819020258/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=PAP+and+English+Press&rft.date=1959-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590430-1.2.87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62">"Press Freedom"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 19 May 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819164945/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Press+Freedom&rft.date=1959-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590519-1.2.62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13">"IPI to Discuss PAP Threat Against The Straits Times"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 22 May 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820000358/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=IPI+to+Discuss+PAP+Threat+Against+The+Straits+Times&rft.date=1959-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590522-1.2.13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ugly threats' are also a menace to already dwindling liberties"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 28 May 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819235302/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=%27Ugly+threats%27+are+also+a+menace+to+already+dwindling+liberties&rft.date=1959-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes19590528-1.2.113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAglionby2001" class="citation news cs1">Aglionby, John (26 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby">"A tick in the only box"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150855/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+tick+in+the+only+box&rft.date=2001-10-26&rft.aulast=Aglionby&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Foct%2F26%2Fworlddispatch.johnaglionby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asiaone.com1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asiaone.com1_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2010" class="citation news cs1">Tan, Amelia (1 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916053101/http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html">"More young people writing to ST Forum"</a>. <i>www.asiaone.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html">the original</a> on 16 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.asiaone.com&rft.atitle=More+young+people+writing+to+ST+Forum&rft.date=2010-05-01&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaone.com%2FNews%2FEducation%2FStory%2FA1Story20100429-213155.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMydans2011" class="citation news cs1">Mydans, Seth (5 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html">"In Singapore, Political Campaigning Goes Viral"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151455/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Singapore%2C+Political+Campaigning+Goes+Viral&rft.date=2011-05-05&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F06%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F06iht-singapore06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104">"Singapore Straits Times website down after hacker threat"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 4 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151303/https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marketscreener.com&rft.atitle=Singapore+Press+%3A+The+Straits+Times%27+student+magazine%2C+IN%2C+goes+digital+%7C+MarketScreener&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft.au=MarketScreener&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketscreener.com%2FSINGAPORE-PRESS-HOLDINGS-6491128%2Fnews%2FSingapore-Press-The-Straits-Times-student-magazine-IN-goes-digital-24002229%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-06/DNR_2020_FINAL.pdf"><i>Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>: <a href="/wiki/Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism" title="Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism">Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism</a>. p. 101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reuters+Institute+Digital+News+Report+2020&rft.place=University+of+Oxford&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Reuters+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Journalism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2020-06%2FDNR_2020_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Straits+Times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_sources">Additional sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Additional sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Thio, <i>HR and the Media in Singapore</i> in HR and the Media, Robert Haas ed, Malaysia: AIDCOM 1996 69 at 72-5.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. <i>The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers</i> (1980) pp 305–7</li> <li>Turnbull, C. Mary. <i>Dateline Singapore: 150 Years of The Straits Times</i> (1995), published by Singapore Press Holdings</li> <li>Cheong Yip Seng. <i>OB Markers: My Straits Times Story</i> (2012), published by Straits Times Press</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straits_Times&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/*/http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg">The Straits Times</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archive index)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AsiaOne" title="AsiaOne">AsiaOne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Print <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Siang_Pau_(Singapore)" title="Nanyang Siang Pau (Singapore)">Nanyang Siang Pau</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sin_Chew_Jit_Poh_(Singapore)" title="Sin Chew Jit Poh (Singapore)">Sin Chew Jit Poh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Streats" title="Streats">Streats</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Paper" title="My Paper">My Paper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lianhe_Wanbao" title="Lianhe Wanbao">Lianhe Wanbao</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPH_MediaWorks" title="SPH MediaWorks">SPH MediaWorks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_i_(Singaporean_TV_channel)" title="Channel i 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