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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C3%A9lite_temporal" title="Satélite temporal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Satélite temporal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objet_captur%C3%A9_temporairement" title="Objet capturé temporairement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Objet capturé temporairement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temporaneo" title="Satellite temporaneo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Satellite temporaneo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Временный спутник – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Временный спутник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тимчасовий супутник – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тимчасовий супутник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Object captured by a planet for a while</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"mini-moon" redirects here. For the <i>Sailor Moon</i> character, see <a href="/wiki/Chibiusa" title="Chibiusa">Chibiusa</a>.</div> <p>A <b>temporary satellite</b> is an object which has been captured by the gravitational field of a planet and thus has become the planet's <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellite</a>, but, unlike <a href="/wiki/Irregular_moon" title="Irregular moon">irregular moons</a> of the larger outer planets of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, will eventually either leave its orbit around the planet or collide with the planet. The only observed examples are <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_RH120" title="2006 RH120">2006 RH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">120</span></span></a></span>, a temporary satellite of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> for twelve months from July 2006 to July 2007, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_CD3" title="2020 CD3">2020 CD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Shefford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shefford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2020-D104_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2020-D104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/2022_NX1" title="2022 NX1">2022 NX<sub>1</sub></a>. Some defunct space probes or rockets have also been observed on temporary satellite orbits.<sup id="cite_ref-rocket-or-rock_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rocket-or-rock-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In astrophysics, a temporary satellite is any body that enters the <a href="/wiki/Hill_sphere" title="Hill sphere">Hill sphere</a> of a planet at a sufficiently low velocity such that it becomes gravitationally bound to the planet for some period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-lissauer2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lissauer2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capture_of_asteroids">Capture of asteroids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporary_satellite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Capture of asteroids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dynamics of the capture of asteroids by Earth was explored in simulations conducted on a supercomputer,<sup id="cite_ref-Carlisle_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlisle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with results published in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Spacecom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spacecom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of 10 million virtual <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_asteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-Earth asteroids">near-Earth asteroids</a>, 18,000 have been temporarily captured.<sup id="cite_ref-Spacecom_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spacecom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earth has at least one temporary satellite 1 m (3.3 ft) across at any given time, but they are too faint to detect by current surveys.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlisle_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlisle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the simulations, temporary satellites are typically caught and released when they pass one of two gravitational equilibrium points of the Sun and the planet along the line connecting the two, the L1 and L2 <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrangian point">Lagrangian points</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlisle_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlisle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The captured asteroids typically have orbits very similar to the planet's (<a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration" title="Co-orbital configuration">co-orbital configuration</a>) and are captured most often when the planet is closest to the Sun (in the case of the Earth, in January) or furthest from the Sun (Earth: in July).<sup id="cite_ref-Carlisle_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlisle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In strict sense, only bodies that complete a full orbit around a planet are considered temporary satellites, also called temporarily captured orbiters (TCO). However, asteroids not in a tight co-orbital configuration with a planet can be temporarily captured for less than a full orbit; such objects have been named temporarily-captured fly-bys (TCF).<sup id="cite_ref-Fedorets_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fedorets-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2017 follow-up to the 2012 simulation study which also considered an improved model of near-Earth asteroid populations, 40% of captured objects were TCF. The combined number of TCO/TCF was found to be smaller than in the previous study, the maximum size of objects which can be expected to be orbiting Earth at any given moment was 0.8 m (2.6 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Fedorets_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fedorets-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another 2017 study based on simulations with one million virtual co-orbital asteroids, 0.36% have been temporarily captured.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuentes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuentes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporary_satellite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of February 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary_satellite&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, two objects have been observed at the time when they were temporary satellites: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_RH120" title="2006 RH120">2006 RH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">120</span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Shefford_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shefford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sinott_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinott-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jpl-close-2006RH120_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpl-close-2006RH120-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/2020_CD3" title="2020 CD3">2020 CD<sub>3</sub></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2020-D1042_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2020-D1042-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to orbital calculations, on its solar orbit, <span class="nowrap">2006 RH<sub>120</sub></span> passes Earth at low speed every 20 to 21 years,<sup id="cite_ref-jpl-close-2006RH120_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpl-close-2006RH120-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at which point it can become a temporary satellite again. </p><p>As of March 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary_satellite&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there is one confirmed example of a temporarily captured asteroid that didn't complete a full orbit, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_VG" title="1991 VG">1991 VG</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuentes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuentes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This asteroid was observed for a month after its discovery in November 1991, then again in April 1992, after which it wasn't seen until May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the recovery, orbital calculations confirmed that <span class="nowrap">1991 VG</span> was a temporary satellite of Earth in February 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuentes_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuentes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another temporary capture episode was experienced by <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_NX1" title="2022 NX1">2022 NX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span> that may return as a mini-moon in December 2051.<sup id="cite_ref-minimoon_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minimoon-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spectrum_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectrum-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another temporary capture episode is predicted to occur from September 29, 2024 to November 25, 2024, when <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_PT5" title="2024 PT5">2024 PT<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span> is captured by Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-minimoon2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minimoon2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Known and suspected companions of Earth <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:bottom"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Known_and_suspected_companions_of_Earth" title="Template:Known and suspected companions of Earth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Known_and_suspected_companions_of_Earth" title="Template talk:Known and suspected companions of Earth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Known_and_suspected_companions_of_Earth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Known and suspected companions of Earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy#Minor_planets" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(orbit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eccentricity (orbit)">Eccentricity</a> </th> <th>Diameter<br />(<a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">m</a>) </th> <th>Discoverer </th> <th>Date of Discovery </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Current Type </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></td> <td>0.055</td> <td>3474800</td> <td>?</td> <td>Prehistory</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Natural satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Natural satellite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/1913_Great_Meteor_Procession" title="1913 Great Meteor Procession">1913 Great Meteor Procession</a></td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>1913-02-09</td> <td>Possible <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temporary satellite</a></td> <td>Destroyed </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/3753_Cruithne" title="3753 Cruithne">3753 Cruithne</a></td> <td>0.515</td> <td>5000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Waldron" title="Duncan Waldron">Duncan Waldron</a></td> <td>1986-10-10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/1991_VG" title="1991 VG">1991 VG</a></td> <td>0.053</td> <td>5–12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spacewatch" title="Spacewatch">Spacewatch</a></td> <td>1991-11-06</td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temporary satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_asteroid" title="Apollo asteroid">Apollo asteroid</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(85770)_1998_UP1" title="(85770) 1998 UP1">(85770) 1998 UP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.345</td> <td>210–470</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory%27s_Experimental_Test_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site">Lincoln Lab's ETS</a></td> <td>1998-10-18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/54509_YORP" title="54509 YORP">54509 YORP</a></td> <td>0.230</td> <td>124</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory%27s_Experimental_Test_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site">Lincoln Lab's ETS</a></td> <td>2000-08-03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_GO2" title="2001 GO2">2001 GO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.168</td> <td>35–85</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory%27s_Experimental_Test_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site">Lincoln Lab's ETS</a></td> <td>2001-04-13</td> <td>Possible <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a></td> <td>Possible <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_AA29" title="2002 AA29">2002 AA<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">29</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.013</td> <td>20–100</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a></td> <td>2002-01-09</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_YN107" title="2003 YN107">2003 YN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">107</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.014</td> <td>10–30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a></td> <td>2003-12-20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(164207)_2004_GU9" title="(164207) 2004 GU9">(164207) 2004 GU<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">9</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.136</td> <td>160–360</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a></td> <td>2004-04-13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(277810)_2006_FV35" title="(277810) 2006 FV35">(277810) 2006 FV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">35</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.377</td> <td>140–320</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spacewatch" title="Spacewatch">Spacewatch</a></td> <td>2006-03-29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_JY26" title="2006 JY26">2006 JY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">26</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.083</td> <td>6–13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina Sky Survey</a></td> <td>2006-05-06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_RH120" title="2006 RH120">2006 RH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">120</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.024</td> <td>2–3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina Sky Survey</a></td> <td>2006-09-13</td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temporary satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_asteroid" title="Apollo asteroid">Apollo asteroid</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(419624)_2010_SO16" title="(419624) 2010 SO16">(419624) 2010 SO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">16</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.075</td> <td>357</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></td> <td>2010-09-17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C2FFFF"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(706765)_2010_TK7" title="(706765) 2010 TK7">(706765) 2010 TK<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">7</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.191</td> <td>150–500</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></td> <td>2010-10-01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earth_trojan" title="Earth trojan">Earth trojan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earth_trojan" title="Earth trojan">Earth trojan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_BS45" title="2013 BS45">2013 BS<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">45</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.083</td> <td>20–40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spacewatch" title="Spacewatch">Spacewatch</a></td> <td>2010-01-20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_LX28" title="2013 LX28">2013 LX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">28</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.452</td> <td>130–300</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a></td> <td>2013-06-12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> temporary</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> temporary </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_OL339" title="2014 OL339">2014 OL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">339</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.461</td> <td>70–160</td> <td><a href="/wiki/EURONEAR" title="EURONEAR">EURONEAR</a></td> <td>2014-07-29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> temporary</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> temporary </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_SO2" title="2015 SO2">2015 SO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.108</td> <td>50–110</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Crni_Vrh_Observatory" title="Črni Vrh Observatory">Črni Vrh Observatory</a></td> <td>2015-09-21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_XX169" title="2015 XX169">2015 XX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">169</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.184</td> <td>9–22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Survey" title="Mount Lemmon Survey">Mount Lemmon Survey</a></td> <td>2015-12-09</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/2015_YA" title="2015 YA">2015 YA</a></td> <td>0.279</td> <td>9–22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina Sky Survey</a></td> <td>2015-12-16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_YQ1" title="2015 YQ1">2015 YQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.404</td> <td>7–16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Survey" title="Mount Lemmon Survey">Mount Lemmon Survey</a></td> <td>2015-12-19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/469219_Kamo%CA%BBoalewa" title="469219 Kamoʻoalewa">469219 Kamoʻoalewa</a></td> <td>0.104</td> <td>40-100</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a></td> <td>2016-04-27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> stable</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> stable </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/DN16082203" class="mw-redirect" title="DN16082203">DN16082203</a></td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>2016-08-22</td> <td>Possible <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temporary satellite</a></td> <td>Destroyed </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_CD3" title="2020 CD3">2020 CD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.017</td> <td>1–6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Survey" title="Mount Lemmon Survey">Mount Lemmon Survey</a></td> <td>2020-02-15</td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temporary satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_asteroid" title="Apollo asteroid">Apollo asteroid</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#cccccc"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_PN1" title="2020 PN1">2020 PN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.127</td> <td>10–50</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Terrestrial-impact_Last_Alert_System" title="Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System">ATLAS-HKO</a></td> <td>2020-08-12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a> temporary </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_PP1" title="2020 PP1">2020 PP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.074</td> <td>10–20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a></td> <td>2020-08-12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> stable</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> stable </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C2FFFF"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(614689)_2020_XL5" title="(614689) 2020 XL5">(614689) 2020 XL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.387</td> <td>1100-1260</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a></td> <td>2020-12-12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earth_trojan" title="Earth trojan">Earth trojan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earth_trojan" title="Earth trojan">Earth trojan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_NX1" title="2022 NX1">2022 NX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.025</td> <td>5-15</td> <td>Moonbase South Observatory</td> <td>2020-07-02</td> <td>Temporary satellite</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_asteroid" title="Apollo asteroid">Apollo asteroid</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9E9E9"> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_FW13" title="2023 FW13">2023 FW<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">13</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.177</td> <td>10-20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a></td> <td>2023-03-28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_PT5" title="2024 PT5">2024 PT<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></td> <td>0.021</td> <td>7–13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Terrestrial-impact_Last_Alert_System" title="Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System">ATLAS South Africa, Sutherland</a></td> <td>2024-08-07</td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temporary satellite</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temporary satellite</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artificial_objects_on_temporary_satellite_orbits">Artificial objects on temporary satellite orbits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporary_satellite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artificial objects on temporary satellite orbits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Earth can also temporarily capture defunct space probes or rockets travelling on solar orbits, in which case astronomers cannot always immediately determine whether the object is artificial or natural. The possibility of an artificial origin has been considered for both <span class="nowrap">2006 RH<sub>120</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-Shefford_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shefford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_VG" title="1991 VG">1991 VG</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuentes_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuentes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The artificial origin has been confirmed in other cases. In September 2002, astronomers found an object designated <a href="/wiki/J002E3" title="J002E3">J002E3</a>. The object was on a temporary satellite orbit around Earth, leaving for a solar orbit in June 2003. Calculations showed that it was also on a solar orbit before 2002, but was close to Earth in 1971. J002E3 was identified as the third stage of the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket that carried <a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a> to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rocket-or-rock_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rocket-or-rock-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, an object designated <a href="/wiki/6Q0B44E" title="6Q0B44E">6Q0B44E</a> was discovered on a temporary satellite orbit, later its artificial nature was confirmed, but its identity is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-rocket-or-rock_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rocket-or-rock-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another confirmed artificial temporary satellite with unidentified origin is <span class="nowrap">2013 QW<sub>1</sub></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-rocket-or-rock_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rocket-or-rock-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporary_satellite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit" title="Horseshoe orbit">Horseshoe orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">Quasi-satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS#DELPHINUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporary_satellite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shefford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shefford_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shefford_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shefford_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birtwhistle.org/Gallery6R10DB9.htm">"2006 RH120 ( = 6R10DB9) (A second moon for the Earth?)"</a>. 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