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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ادوات شخصيه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="قائمة المستخدم" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_arz.wikipedia.org&uselang=arz"><span>التبرعات</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>ساهم</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك; لكنه مش ضروري"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>افتح حساب</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1&returnto=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" title="يستحسن تسجل دخولك; لكن, ده مش اجبارى [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دخول</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحات للمحررين الذين سجَّلوا خروجهم <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="تعلَّم المزيد بخصوص التحرير"><span>تعلَّم المزيد</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%89" title="نقاش حوالين التعديلات من عنوان الأيبى دا [n]" accesskey="n"><span>المناقشة مع عنوان الأيبى دا</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="الموقع"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="المحتويات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المحتويات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">المقدمة</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Later use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronunciation_and_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation_and_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pronunciation and use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related characters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ثبِّت القسم الفرعي Related characters</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ancestors, descendants and siblings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derived_ligatures,_abbreviations,_signs_and_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_ligatures,_abbreviations,_signs_and_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_ligatures,_abbreviations,_signs_and_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code_points" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_points"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Code points</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_points-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_as_a_number" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_as_a_number"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Use as a number</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_as_a_number-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-شوف_كمان" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#شوف_كمان"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>شوف كمان</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-شوف_كمان-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="المحتويات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">قالب:c</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="اذهب إلى المقالة في لغةٍ أخرى. مُتاحة في 158 لغة" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">158 لغات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأتشينيزية" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="الأتشينيزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأفريقانية" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="الأفريقانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الألمانية السويسرية" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية السويسرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأمهرية" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="الأمهرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأراغونية" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="الأراغونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإنجليزية القديمة" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية القديمة" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – العربية" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="العربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الآرامية" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="الآرامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأسترية" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="الأسترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأذربيجانية" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="الأذربيجانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – البالينية" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="البالينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="ل C (літара) – البيلاروسية" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="C (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="البيلاروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="ل C (літара) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="C (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – البلغارية" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="البلغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – البنغالية" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="البنغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(lizherenn)" title="ل C (lizherenn) – البريتونية" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="البريتونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – البوسنية" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="البوسنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السورانية الكردية" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="السورانية الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكورسيكية" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="الكورسيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – لغة تتار القرم" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="لغة تتار القرم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التشيكية" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="التشيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكاشبايان" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="الكاشبايان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التشوفاشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="التشوفاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الويلزية" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="الويلزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الدانمركية" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="الدانمركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الدنكا" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="الدنكا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – صوربيا السفلى" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="صوربيا السفلى" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اليونانية" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="اليونانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإسبرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="الإسبرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإسبانية" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="الإسبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإستونية" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="الإستونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الباسكية" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="الباسكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الفنلندية" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="الفنلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الفيجية" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="الفيجية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الفاروية" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="الفاروية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(lettre)" title="ل C (lettre) – الفرنسية" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="C (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="الفرنسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(buksteew)" title="ل C (buksteew) – الفريزينية الشمالية" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="C (buksteew)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="الفريزينية الشمالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الفريلايان" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="الفريلايان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الفريزيان" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="الفريزيان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأيرلندية" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="الأيرلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الغان الصينية" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="الغان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الغيلية الأسكتلندية" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="الغيلية الأسكتلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الجاليكية" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="الجاليكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الغوارانية" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="الغوارانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الجورونتالو" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="الجورونتالو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – المنكية" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="المنكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الهوسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="الهوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الهاكا الصينية" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="الهاكا الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكرواتية" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="الكرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الصوربية العليا" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="الصوربية العليا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكريولية الهايتية" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="الكريولية الهايتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الهنغارية" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="الهنغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="ل C (լատինական) – الأرمنية" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="C (լատինական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="الأرمنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اللّغة الوسيطة" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="اللّغة الوسيطة" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإيجبو" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="الإيجبو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإيلوكو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="الإيلوكو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإيدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="الإيدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(b%C3%B3kstafur)" title="ل C (bókstafur) – الأيسلندية" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="C (bókstafur)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="الأيسلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإيطالية" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="الإيطالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اليابانية" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="اليابانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الجاوية" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="الجاوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الجورجية" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="الجورجية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(t%C3%AEp)" title="ل C (tîp) – الكردية" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="C (tîp)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكومي" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="الكومي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكورنية" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="الكورنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اللاتينية" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="اللاتينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اللكسمبورغية" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="اللكسمبورغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(letera)" title="ل C (letera) – اللومبردية" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="C (letera)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="اللومبردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الليتوانية" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="الليتوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اللاتفية" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="اللاتفية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الملغاشي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="الملغاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="ل C (латин тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="C (латин тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="ل C (латиница) – المقدونية" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="C (латиница)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="المقدونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="ل സി (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം) – المالايالامية" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സി (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="المالايالامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الماراثية" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="الماراثية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC)" title="ل စီ (အက္ခရာ) – البورمية" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စီ (အက္ခရာ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="البورمية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – المازندرانية" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="المازندرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(letter)" title="ل C (letter) – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="C (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – النرويجية نينورسك" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="النرويجية نينورسك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – النرويجية بوكمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="النرويجية بوكمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(letra)" title="ل C (letra) – الأوكسيتانية" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="C (letra)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="الأوكسيتانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأورومية" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="الأورومية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ل ਸੀ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ) – البنجابية" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="البنجابية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – البانجاسينان" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="البانجاسينان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – كيشوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="كيشوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الرومانية" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="الرومانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="ل C (латиница) – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="C (латиница)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السردينية" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="السردينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الصقلية" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="الصقلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأسكتلندية" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="الأسكتلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – سامي الشمالية" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="سامي الشمالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(Askkil)" title="ل C (Askkil) – تشلحيت" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="C (Askkil)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="تشلحيت" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السنهالية" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="السنهالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السلوفاكية" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="السلوفاكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السلوفانية" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="السلوفانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الإيناري سامي" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="الإيناري سامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الشونا" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="الشونا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(alifbeet)" title="ل C (alifbeet) – الصومالية" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="C (alifbeet)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="الصومالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الألبانية" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الألبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="ل C (слово латинице) – الصربية" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="C (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="الصربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السرانان تونجو" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="السرانان تونجو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السوندانية" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="السوندانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السويدية" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="السويدية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – السواحلية" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="السواحلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التاميلية" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="التاميلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="ل C (అక్షరం) – التيلوغوية" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="C (అక్షరం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="التيلوغوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الطاجيكية" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="الطاجيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التايلاندية" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="التايلاندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التركمانية" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="التركمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التاغالوغية" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="التاغالوغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التسوانية" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="التسوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التترية" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="التترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – التوي" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="التوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="ل C (латиниця) – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="C (латиниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الأوردية" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="الأوردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(lotin)" title="ل C (lotin) – الأوزبكية" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="C (lotin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="الأوزبكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الفيتنامية" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="الفيتنامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – لغة الفولابوك" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="لغة الفولابوك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الولونية" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="الولونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الواراي" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="الواراي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الوو الصينية" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="الوو الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="ل C үзг – الكالميك" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="C үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="الكالميك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اليديشية" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="اليديشية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – اليوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="اليوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – مين-نان الصينية" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مين-نان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/C" title="ل C – الكَنْتُونية" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="C" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="الكَنْتُونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9820#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="تعديل الروابط ما بين اللغات" class="wbc-editpage">عدل الوصلات</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="النطاقات"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-template" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C" title="اعرض القالب [c]" accesskey="c"><span>قالب</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="مناقشة صفحة الموضوع (الصفحه مالهاش وجود) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>مناقشه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="غيّر لهجة اللغة" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">مصرى</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="مناظر"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C"><span>قرايه</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e"><span>مصدر التعديل</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&action=history" title="نسخ قديمه من الصفحه دى [h]" accesskey="h"><span>استعراض التاريخ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="علبة العده" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">علبة العده</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">أدوات</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> إجراءات </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C"><span>قرايه</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e"><span>مصدر التعديل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&action=history"><span>استعراض التاريخ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عام </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C" title="ليستة كل الصفح اللى بتوصل هنا [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ايه بيوصل هنا</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C" rel="nofollow" title="اخر التغييرات فى صفح معمول ليها لينك من الصفحه دى [k]" accesskey="k"><span>تعديلات ليها علاقه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=arz" title="ارفع فايلات (upload files) [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ارفع فايل (upload file)</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%87" title="ليستة كل الصفح المخصوصه [q]" accesskey="q"><span>صفح مخصوصه</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&oldid=10224256" title="لينك دايم للنسخه دى من الصفحه"><span>لينك دايم</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&action=info" title="المزيد من المعلومات عن هذه الصفحة"><span>معلومات عن الصفحه</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%3AC"><span>احصل على مسار مختصر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%3AC"><span>تنزيل رمز الاستجابة السريعة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> طباعة/تصدير </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC&action=show-download-screen"><span>تحميل بصيغة المستندات المنقولة</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="نسخه تنفع تتطبع للصفحه دى [p]" accesskey="p"><span>نسخه للطبع</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> مشاريع تانيه </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/C" hreflang="en"><span>ويكيميديا كومنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9820" title="الربط بعنصر مرتبط ف مستودع البيانات [g]" accesskey="g"><span>عنصر ويكيداتا</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المظهر</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">أخف</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعه الحره</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="arz" dir="rtl"><p><span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:80%!important">حوالى</span> </p> <div id="template-documentation" class="template-documentation iezoomfix"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:1ex"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:125%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/75px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/100px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> توثيق القالب</span><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" id="doc_editlinks">[<a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD" title="قالب:C/شرح">عرض</a>] [<a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit">عدل</a>] [<a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=history">تاريخ</a>] [<a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C&action=purge">مسح الكاش</a>] [<a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/templatecount/index.php?lang=ar&namespace=10&name=C">استخدامات</a>]</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10246860">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This template is about the letter. For the programming language, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=C_(programming_language)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (programming language) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">C (programming language)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=C_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (disambiguation) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">C (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-849227e2">خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Technical reasons".</span></strong> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10246854">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightblue; color:black;;">C</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;">C c</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">See below</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:C_cursiva.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Writing cursive forms of C"><img alt="Writing cursive forms of C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C_cursiva.gif/200px-C_cursiva.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C_cursiva.gif/300px-C_cursiva.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C_cursiva.gif/400px-C_cursiva.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Writing cursive forms of C</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin script (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Alphabetic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="لاتينى">لاتينى</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Phonetic usage</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7668431">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7473564">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless palatal plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">c</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">t͡ʃ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">t͡s</a></span>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspirated_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspirated consonant (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʰ</a></span>)]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">d͡ʒ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʃ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s̝</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʕ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottal_stop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottal stop (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʔ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless dental fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">θ</a></span>]</li><li>Others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode codepoint</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+0043, U+0063</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alphabetical position</th><td class="infobox-data">3<br /><b>Numerical value:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman numerals (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">100</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pictogram of a Camel"><img alt="Pictogram of a Camel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg/20px-Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg/30px-Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg/40px-Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="294" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T14.png?183d0" height="38" title="T14" alt="T14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Proto-semiticG-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gimel"><img alt="Gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Phoenician_gimel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gimel"><img alt="Gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/20px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/30px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/40px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Greek_Gamma_03.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Greek Gamma"><img alt="Early Greek Gamma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/20px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/30px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/40px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Early_Etruscan_C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Etruscan C"><img alt="Early Etruscan C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/20px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/30px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/40px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="27" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamma (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Γ γ</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%90%8C%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𐌂 (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">𐌂</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>C c</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">See below</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated numbers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman numerals (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">100</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddddff; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This page contains <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic_transcription&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic transcription (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="مساعدة:IPA">مساعدة:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">[ ]</span></span>, <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/ /</span></span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩</span>, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7810339">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:10em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;">[[ملف:Latin alphabet Cc.svg|C]]</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ألفبائية لاتينية الأساسية (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">أيزو <br />الألفبائية الاتينية الأساسية</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">A</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">B</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">C</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">D</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">E</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">F</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">G</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">H</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/I" class="mw-redirect" title="I">I</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">J</a></td><td> <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">L</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">M</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">N</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=O&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">O</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">P</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Q&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Q</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">R</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">S</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=T&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">T</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=U&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">U</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">V</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">W</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">X</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Y</a></td><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Z</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7810339"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10246864">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="قالب:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="نقاش القالب:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="خاص:عدل الصفحه/قالب:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>[[ملف:Copyright.svg|thumb|right|100px|<b>C</b> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_symbol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copyright symbol (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">copyright symbol</a> </p><p><b>C</b>, or <b>c</b>, is the third <a href="/w/index.php?title=Letter_(alphabet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letter (alphabet) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">letter</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Latin alphabet</a>, used in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=English_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">modern English alphabet</a>, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is <a href="/w/index.php?title=English_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)"><i>cee</i></a> (pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:IPA/English" title="مساعدة:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>), plural <i>cees</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-1" title="تعديل جزء : History"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Egyptian </th> <th>Phoenician <br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gimel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gimel (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">gaml</a></i> </th> <th>Greek<br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamma (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Gamma</a></i> </th> <th>Etruscan<br />C </th> <th>Old Latin<br />C (G) </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Latin</a> <br />C </th></tr> <tr style="background:white; text-align:center;"> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T14.png?183d0" height="38" title="T14" alt="T14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Phoenician_gimel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician gimel"><img alt="Phoenician gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/30px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/45px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/60px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Gamma_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek Gamma"><img alt="Greek Gamma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gamma_uc_lc.svg/55px-Gamma_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gamma_uc_lc.svg/83px-Gamma_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gamma_uc_lc.svg/110px-Gamma_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:EtruscanC-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etruscan C"><img alt="Etruscan C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/30px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/45px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/60px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Old_Latin_G.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Latin"><img alt="Old Latin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Old_Latin_G.svg/20px-Old_Latin_G.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Old_Latin_G.svg/30px-Old_Latin_G.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Old_Latin_G.svg/40px-Old_Latin_G.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Capitalis_monumentalis_C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin C"><img alt="Latin C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Capitalis_monumentalis_C.svg/17px-Capitalis_monumentalis_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Capitalis_monumentalis_C.svg/26px-Capitalis_monumentalis_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Capitalis_monumentalis_C.svg/35px-Capitalis_monumentalis_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="49" data-file-height="56" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>"C" comes from the same letter as "G". The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitic_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semitic people (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Semites</a> named it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gimel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gimel (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">gimel</a>. The sign is possibly adapted from an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_hieroglyphs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Egyptian hieroglyph</a> for a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staff-sling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staff-sling (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">staff sling</a>, which may have been the meaning of the name <i>gimel</i>. Another possibility is that it depicted a camel, the Semitic name for which was <i>gamal</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_B._Powell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry B. Powell (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Barry B. Powell</a>, a specialist in the history of writing, states "It is hard to imagine how gimel = "camel" can be derived from the picture of a camel (it may show his hump, or his head and neck!)".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etruscan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etruscan language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Etruscan language</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plosive_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plosive consonant (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">plosive consonants</a> had no contrastive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonation (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">voicing</a>, so the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Greek</a> '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamma (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Γ</a>' (Gamma) was adopted into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Italic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Italic script (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Etruscan alphabet</a> to represent <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span>. Already in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greek_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Greek alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Western Greek alphabet</a>, Gamma first took a '<span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Early_Etruscan_C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/15px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/23px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/30px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="27" /></a></span>' form in Early Etruscan, then '<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Classical_Etruscan_C.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Classical_Etruscan_C.gif/15px-Classical_Etruscan_C.gif" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Classical_Etruscan_C.gif/23px-Classical_Etruscan_C.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Classical_Etruscan_C.gif 2x" data-file-width="26" data-file-height="27" /></a></span>' in Classical Etruscan. In Latin it eventually took the '<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8964811">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">c</span>' form in Classical Latin. In the earliest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Latin</a> inscriptions, the letters '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">c k q</span>' were used to represent the sounds <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> and <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/ɡ/</span></span> (which were not differentiated in writing). Of these, '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">q</span>' was used to represent <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> or <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/ɡ/</span></span> before a rounded vowel, '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">k</span>' before '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">a</span>', and '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">c</span>' elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 3rd century BC, a modified character was introduced for <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/ɡ/</span></span>, and '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">c</span>' itself was retained for <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span>. The use of '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">c</span>' (and its variant '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">g</span>') replaced most usages of '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">k</span>' and '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">q</span>'. Hence, in the classical period and after, '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">g</span>' was treated as the equivalent of Greek gamma, and '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">c</span>' as the equivalent of kappa; this shows in the romanization of Greek words, as in 'ΚΑΔΜΟΣ', 'ΚΥΡΟΣ', and 'ΦΩΚΙΣ' came into Latin as '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">cadmvs</span>', '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">cyrvs</span>' and '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">phocis</span>', respectively. </p><p>Other alphabets have letters <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homoglyph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homoglyph (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">homoglyphic</a> to 'c' but not analogous in use and derivation, like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillic script (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Cyrillic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Es (Cyrillic)">Es</a> (С, с) which derives from the lunate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigma_(letter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigma (letter) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">sigma</a>, named due to its resemblance to the crescent moon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_use">Later use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-2" title="تعديل جزء : Later use"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Roman alphabet was introduced into Britain, ⟨c⟩ represented only <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span>, and this value of the letter has been retained in loanwords to all the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insular_Celtic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insular Celtic languages (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">insular Celtic languages</a>: in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Irish</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Gaelic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Gaelic language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Gaelic</a>, ⟨c⟩ represents only <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_English_Latin_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old English Latin alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Old English Latin-based writing system</a> was learned from the Celts, apparently of Ireland; hence ⟨c⟩ in Old English also originally represented <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span>; the Modern English words <i>kin, break, broken, thick</i>, and <i>seek</i> all come from Old English words written with ⟨c⟩: <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">cyn, brecan, brocen, þicc</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span>, and <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">séoc</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span>. However, during the course of the Old English period, <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> before front vowels (<span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/e/</span></span> and <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/i/</span></span>) were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalization_(sound_change)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalization (sound change) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">palatalized</a>, having changed by the tenth century to <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">[tʃ]</span></span>, though ⟨c⟩ was still used, as in <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">cir(i)ce, wrecc(e)a</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span>. On the continent, meanwhile, a similar phonetic change before the same two vowels had also been going on almost all modern romance languages (for example, in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian language">Italian</a>). </p><p>In Vulgar Latin, <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> became palatalized to <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">[tʃ]</span></span> in Italy and Dalmatia; in France and the Iberian peninsula, it became <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">[ts]</span></span>. Yet for these new sounds ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">c</span>⟩ was still used before the letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩. The letter thus represented two distinct values. Subsequently, the Latin phoneme <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k<sup>w</sup>/</span></span> (spelled ⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8964811"><span class="smallcaps">qv</span>⟩) de-labialized to <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> meaning that the various Romance languages had <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> before front vowels. In addition, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Norman</a> used the letter ⟨k⟩ so that the sound <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> could be represented by either ⟨k⟩ or ⟨c⟩, the latter of which could represent either <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> or <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/ts/</span></span> depending on whether it preceded a front vowel letter or not. The convention of using both ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ was applied to the writing of English after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Conquest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Conquest (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Norman Conquest</a>, causing a considerable re-spelling of the Old English words. Thus while Old English <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">candel, clif, corn, crop, cú</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span>, remained unchanged, <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">Cent, cǣᵹ (cēᵹ), cyng, brece, sēoce</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span>, were now (without any change of sound) spelled <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">Kent, keȝ, kyng, breke</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span>, and <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">seoke</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span>; even <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">cniht</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span> ('knight') was subsequently changed to <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">kniht</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span> and <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">þic</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span> ('thick') changed to <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">thik</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span> or <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">thikk</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span>. The Old English ⟨cw⟩ was also at length displaced by the French ⟨qu⟩ so that the Old English <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">cwēn</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span> ('queen') and <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">cwic</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span> ('quick') became <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle English (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Middle English</a> <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">quen</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span> and <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">quik</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span>, respectively. The sound <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">[tʃ]</span></span>, to which Old English palatalized <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> had advanced, also occurred in French, chiefly from Latin <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/k/</span></span> before ⟨a⟩. In French it was represented by the digraph ⟨ch⟩, as in <i>champ</i> (from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la" dir="ltr">camp-um</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: la is deprecated </span>) and this spelling was introduced into English: the Hatton Gospels, written <span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:80%!important">حوالى<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1160</span></span>, have in Matt. i-iii, <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">child, chyld, riche, mychel</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span>, for the <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">cild, rice, mycel,</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span> of the Old English version whence they were copied. In these cases, the Old English ⟨c⟩ gave way to ⟨k⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ch⟩; on the other hand, ⟨c⟩ in its new value of <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/ts/</span></span> appeared largely in French words like <span title="Anglo-Norman-language text"><i lang="xno" dir="ltr">processiun, emperice</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: xno is deprecated </span> and <span title="Anglo-Norman-language text"><i lang="xno" dir="ltr">grace</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: xno is deprecated </span>, and was also substituted for ⟨ts⟩ in a few Old English words, as <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang" dir="ltr">miltse, bletsien</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ang is deprecated </span>, in early Middle English <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm" dir="ltr">milce, blecien</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: enm is deprecated </span>. By the end of the thirteenth century both in France and England, this sound <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/ts/</span></span> de-affricated to <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/s/</span></span>; and from that time ⟨c⟩ has represented <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/s/</span></span> before front vowels either for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etymology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etymology (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">etymological</a> reasons, as in <i>lance, cent</i>, or to avoid the ambiguity due to the "etymological" use of ⟨s⟩ for <span dir="ltr" title="التعبير عن الصوت فى الألف-به الدوليه الصوتيه" class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', Arial, 'Avenir Roman', 'Lucida Grande', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', sans-serif, 'Times New Roman', 'Dialekt Uni';"><span class="nowrap">/z/</span></span>, as in <i>ace, mice, once, pence, defence</i>. </p><p>Thus, to show etymology, English spelling has <i>advise</i>, <i>devise</i> (instead of <i>*advize</i>, <i>*devize</i>), while <i>advice, device, dice, ice, mice, twice</i>, etc., do not reflect etymology; example has extended this to <i>hence, pence, defence</i>, etc., where there is no etymological reason for using ⟨c⟩. Former generations also wrote <i>sence</i> for <i>sense</i>. Hence, today the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romance_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romance languages (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Romance languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English language">English</a> have a common feature inherited from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulgar_Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulgar Latin (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Vulgar Latin</a> spelling conventions where ⟨c⟩ takes on either a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_and_soft_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard and soft C (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">"hard" or "soft"</a> value depending on the following letter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronunciation_and_use">Pronunciation and use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-3" title="تعديل جزء : Pronunciation and use"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail" style="width:50%; border-top:1px solid #ccc; border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin-left:8em; margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:2px; background:#F9F9F9; font-size:80%;"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <span><b>شوف كمان</b> :<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_and_soft_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard and soft C (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Hard and soft C</a></span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Pronunciations of Cc </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Most common pronunciation: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> <p><i>Languages in italics do not use the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Latin alphabet</a></i> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Dialect(s) </th> <th>Pronunciation (<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">IPA</a>) </th> <th>Environment </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه البانى">لغه البانى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89" title="لغه عربى">لغه عربى</a> </th> <th><i>Árabe cipriota</i> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʕ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Latinização </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azeri (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Azeri</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%89" title="لغه امازيغى">لغه امازيغى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Latinização </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_bukawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua bukawa (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Bukawa</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottal_stop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottal stop (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʔ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="كاتالانى">كاتالانى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="كريمتتارى">كريمتتارى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكورنيه">الكورنيه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Formulário Escrito Padrão </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="تشيكى">تشيكى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89" title="دنماركى">دنماركى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i, y, æ, ø </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="نيديرلاندى">نيديرلاندى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i, y </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e,i,y </td> <td>em empréstimos do italiano </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="انجليزى">انجليزى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i, y </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الفيجيه">الفيجيه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced dental fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ð</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_filipina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua filipina (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Filipino</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="فرنساوى">فرنساوى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i, y </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_fula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua fula (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Fula</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الغاغاوزيه">الغاغاوزيه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88" title="جاليجو">جاليجو</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless dental fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">θ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td>em áreas Seseu </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الهوسيه">الهوسيه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%89" title="لغه مجرى">لغه مجرى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الاندونيسيه">الاندونيسيه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="ايرلاندى">ايرلاندى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless palatal plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">c</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i; ou depois que eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه طليانى">لغه طليانى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_curda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua curda (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Curdo</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurmanji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurmanji (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Kurmanji</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%89" title="لاتفى">لاتفى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%89" title="ملايوى">ملايوى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandarim (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Mandarim</a> </th> <th>Chinês padrão </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspirated_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspirated consonant (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tsʰ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پينيپين">پينيپين</a> latinização </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_mandinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua mandinga (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Mandingo</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="لغه بولاندى">لغه بولاندى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه رومانى">لغه رومانى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الرومانشيه">الرومانشيه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الغيليه الاسكتلنديه">الغيليه الاسكتلنديه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspirated_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspirated consonant (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">kʰ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kʰʲ </td> <td>Antes de e, i; ou depois que eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89-_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="صربى- كرواتى">صربى- كرواتى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%89" title="سلوڤاكى">سلوڤاكى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه سلوڤينى">لغه سلوڤينى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ts</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الصوماليه">الصوماليه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʕ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه اسبانى">لغه اسبانى</a> </th> <th>Tudo </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Maior parte do Espanhol europeu </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless dental fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">θ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i, y </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه اسبانى">لغه اسبانى</a>, da <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اندلوسيا">اندلوسيا</a>, das <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جزر الكنارى">جزر الكنارى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i, y </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%89" title="سويدى">سويدى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, i, y, ä, ö </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="تتارى">تتارى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʑ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89" title="توركى">توركى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_valenciana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua valenciana (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Valenciano</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>Antes de e, eu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89" title="ڤييتنامى">ڤييتنامى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>k̚ </td> <td>Palavra-final </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">kp</a>/</span> </td> <td>Palavra-final depois de u, ô, o </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%89" title="لغه ويلزى">لغه ويلزى</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكوسيه">الكوسيه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenuis_dental_click&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenuis dental click (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ǀ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_yabem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua yabem (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Yabem</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottal_stop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottal stop (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ʔ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Yup'ik do Alasca central </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الزولويه">الزولويه</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenuis_dental_click&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenuis dental click (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ǀ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_characters">Related characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-4" title="تعديل جزء : Related characters"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"><span id="Ancestors.2C_descendants_and_siblings"></span>Ancestors, descendants and siblings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-5" title="تعديل جزء : Ancestors, descendants and siblings"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>[[ملف:Porvoo.vaakuna.svg|thumb|upright|A curled C in the coat of arms of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porvoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porvoo (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Porvoo</a> </p> <ul><li>𐤂 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenician_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenician alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Semitic</a> letter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gimel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gimel (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Gimel</a>, from which the following symbols originally derive <ul><li><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el" dir="ltr">Γ γ</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: el is deprecated </span> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Greek</a> letter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamma (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Gamma</a>, from which C derives <ul><li>G g : Latin letter <a href="/w/index.php?title=G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">G</a>, which is derived from Latin C <ul><li>Ȝ ȝ : Latin letter <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȝ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ȝ</a>, which is derived from Latin G</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic_transcription&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic transcription (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Phonetic alphabet</a> symbols related to C: <ul><li><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ɕ</a></span> : Small c with curl</li> <li>ʗ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ʗ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Stretched c</a></li> <li>𝼏 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%9D%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𝼏 (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Stretched c with curl</a> - Used by Douglas Beach for a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Click_letter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Click letter (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">nasal click</a> in his phonetic description of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoekhoe_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoekhoe language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Khoekhoe</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>𝼝 : Small letter c with retroflex hook - Para-IPA version of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">IPA</a> retroflex tʂ<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ꟲ : Modifier letter capital c - Used to mark tone for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatino_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatino language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Chatino</a> orthography in Oaxaca, Mexico; Used as a generic transcription for a falling tone; Used in para-<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">IPA</a> notation<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B6%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᶜ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ᶜ</a> : Modifier letter small c<sup id="cite_ref-L204132_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B6%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᶝ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ᶝ</a> : Modifier letter small c with curl<sup id="cite_ref-L204132_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ᴄ : Small capital c is used in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ꞔ ꞔ : C with palatal hook, used for writing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandarin Chinese (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Mandarin Chinese</a> using the early draft version of <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پينيپين">پينيپين</a> romanization during the mid-1950s<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Add to C with diacritics </p> <ul><li>C with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacritic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacritic (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">diacritics</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ć (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ć ć</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĉ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ĉ ĉ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Č (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Č č</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ċ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ċ ċ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḉ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ḉ ḉ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C6%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ƈ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ƈ ƈ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C̈ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">C̈ c̈</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȼ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ȼ ȼ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ç (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ç ç</a> Ꞔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9E%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꞔ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ꞔ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9E%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꞓ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ꞓ ꞓ</a></li> <li>Ↄ ↄ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudian_letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudian letters (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Claudian letters</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derived_ligatures,_abbreviations,_signs_and_symbols"><span id="Derived_ligatures.2C_abbreviations.2C_signs_and_symbols"></span>Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-6" title="تعديل جزء : Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>© : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="© (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">copyright symbol</a></li> <li>℃ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%84%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="℃ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">degree Celsius</a></li> <li>¢ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="¢ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">cent</a></li> <li>₡ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%82%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="₡ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">colón (currency)</a></li> <li>₢ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%82%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="₢ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Brazilian cruzeiro (currency)</a></li> <li>₵ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%82%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="₵ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ghana cedi (currency)</a></li> <li>₠ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Currency_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Currency Unit (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">European Currency Unit</a> CE</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9add4085095b9b6d28d045fd9c92c2c09f549a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"></span> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackboard_bold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackboard bold (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">blackboard bold</a> C, denoting the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complex_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complex number (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">complex numbers</a></li> <li>ℭ : <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%84%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ℭ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">blackletter C</a></li> <li>Ꜿ ꜿ : <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ages">Medieval</a> abbreviation for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Latin</a> syllables con- and com-, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portuguese language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Portuguese</a> -us and -os<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_points">Code points <span class="anchor" id="Computing_codes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-7" title="تعديل جزء : Code points"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code point (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">code points</a> for the forms of the letter in various systems <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-7d5f9a93">خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Charmap".</span></strong> </p> <dl><dd><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-size:92%;line-height:1.30em;">Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.</span></dd></dl> <p>In Unicode, C is also encoded in various font styles for mathematical purposes; see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_representations">Other representations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-8" title="تعديل جزء : Other representations"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width: 500px;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; line-height:1.3em; padding:0.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NATO_spelling_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NATO spelling alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">NATO phonetic</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morse_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morse code (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Morse code</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; line-height: 100%; font-size:150%"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;">Charlie<br /><i style="font-size:75%"> </i></td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; font-size: large;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion nounderlines"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/25\/C_morse_code.ogg\/C_morse_code.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span style=\"font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#160;&#160;\u2584\u2584\u2584&#160;\u2584&#160;\u2584\u2584\u2584&#160;\u2584&#160;<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"arz","wikibase":"","file":"C morse code.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/C_morse_code.ogg/C_morse_code.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="تشغيل الصوت" title="تشغيل الصوت" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;">  ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ </span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:C_morse_code.ogg" title="ملف:C morse code.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 80px;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:ICS_Charlie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ICS_Charlie.svg/75px-ICS_Charlie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ICS_Charlie.svg/113px-ICS_Charlie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/ICS_Charlie.svg/150px-ICS_Charlie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Semaphore_Charlie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Semaphore_Charlie.svg/90px-Semaphore_Charlie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Semaphore_Charlie.svg/135px-Semaphore_Charlie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Semaphore_Charlie.svg/180px-Semaphore_Charlie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Sign_language_C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sign_language_C.svg/90px-Sign_language_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sign_language_C.svg/135px-Sign_language_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sign_language_C.svg/180px-Sign_language_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:BSL_letter_C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/BSL_letter_C.svg/90px-BSL_letter_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/BSL_letter_C.svg/135px-BSL_letter_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/BSL_letter_C.svg/180px-BSL_letter_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Braille_C3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠉"><img alt="⠉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/77px-Braille_C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/116px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/154px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_maritime_signal_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International maritime signal flags (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Signal flag</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag semaphore (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Flag semaphore</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_manual_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American manual alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">American manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Sign Language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ASL</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fingerspelling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fingerspelling (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_manual_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British manual alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">British manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Sign Language (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">BSL</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fingerspelling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fingerspelling (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braille_pattern_dots-14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braille pattern dots-14 (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Braille dots-14</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_English_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unified English Braille (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Unified English Braille</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_as_a_number">Use as a number</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-9" title="تعديل جزء : Use as a number"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexadecimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexadecimal (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">hexadecimal</a> (base 16) numbering system, C is a number that corresponds to the number 12 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decimal (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">decimal</a> (base 10) counting. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="شوف_كمان"><span id=".D8.B4.D9.88.D9.81_.D9.83.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>شوف كمان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-10" title="تعديل جزء : شوف كمان"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_and_soft_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard and soft C (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Hard and soft C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speed_of_light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speed of light (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Speed of light</a>, <i>c</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-11" title="تعديل جزء : References"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10246856">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"C" <i>Oxford English Dictionary,</i> 2nd edition (1989); <i>Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged</i> (1993); "cee", <i>op. cit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10615806">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPowell2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Powell، Barry B. (27 مارس 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PZ2Gr3d9X2UC&q=Gimel+shaped+like+a+camel%27s+neck&pg=PA182"><i>Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization</i></a>. Wiley Blackwell. ص. 182. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب">ISBN</a>:<a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/978-1405162562" title="خاص:مصادر كتاب/978-1405162562"><bdi>978-1405162562</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing%3A+Theory+and+History+of+the+Technology+of+Civilization&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft.isbn=978-1405162562&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Barry+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPZ2Gr3d9X2UC%26q%3DGimel%2Bshaped%2Blike%2Ba%2Bcamel%2527s%2Bneck%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFSihler1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Sihler، Andrew L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IeHmqKY2BqoC"><i>New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin</i></a> (ط. illustrated). New York: Oxford University Press. ص. 21. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب">ISBN</a>:<a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/0-19-508345-8" title="خاص:مصادر كتاب/0-19-508345-8"><bdi>0-19-508345-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Comparative+Grammar+of+Greek+and+Latin&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=21&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-508345-8&rft.aulast=Sihler&rft.aufirst=Andrew+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIeHmqKY2BqoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mit.edu/people/dfm/canol/chap29.html">"Reading Middle Welsh -- 29 Medieval Spelling"</a>. <i>www.mit.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. اطلع عليه بتاريخ <span class="nowrap">2019-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mit.edu&rft.atitle=Reading+Middle+Welsh+--+29+Medieval+Spelling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mit.edu%2Fpeople%2Fdfm%2Fcanol%2Fchap29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFMillerSands2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Miller، Kirk؛ Sands، Bonny (10 يوليو 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20115r-click-letters.pdf">"L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-115R%3A+Unicode+request+for+additional+phonetic+click+letters&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Sands%2C+Bonny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20115r-click-letters.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Miller، Kirk (11 يناير 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21041-add-para-ipa-ltr.pdf">"L2/21-041: Unicode request for additional para-IPA letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-041%3A+Unicode+request+for+additional+para-IPA+letters&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21041-add-para-ipa-ltr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFMillerCornelius2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Miller، Kirk؛ Cornelius، Craig (25 سبتمبر 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20251-mod-latin.pdf">"L2/20-251: Unicode request for modifier Latin capital letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-251%3A+Unicode+request+for+modifier+Latin+capital+letters&rft.date=2020-09-25&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Cornelius%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20251-mod-latin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L204132-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-L204132_8-0"><sup><i><b>أ</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L204132_8-1"><sup><i><b>ب</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Constable، Peter (19 أبريل 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">"L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F04-132+Proposal+to+add+additional+phonetic+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2002" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Everson">Everson، Michael</a>؛ وآخرون (20 مارس 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">"L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F02-141%3A+Uralic+Phonetic+Alphabet+characters+for+the+UCS&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFWestChanEverson2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_West_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew West (linguist) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">West، Andrew</a>؛ Chan، Eiso؛ <a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Everson">Everson، Michael</a> (16 يناير 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17013-n4782-latin.pdf">"L2/17-013: Proposal to encode three uppercase Latin letters used in early Pinyin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F17-013%3A+Proposal+to+encode+three+uppercase+Latin+letters+used+in+early+Pinyin&rft.date=2017-01-16&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Chan%2C+Eiso&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2017%2F17013-n4782-latin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Everson، Michael (12 أغسطس 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05193r2-n2960r2-claudian.pdf">"L2/05-193R2: Proposal to add Claudian Latin letters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F05-193R2%3A+Proposal+to+add+Claudian+Latin+letters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2005-08-12&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2005%2F05193r2-n2960r2-claudian.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10615806"><cite id="CITEREFEversonBakerEmilianoGrammel2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Everson، Michael؛ Baker، Peter؛ Emiliano، António؛ Grammel، Florian؛ Haugen، Odd Einar؛ Luft، Diana؛ Pedro، Susana؛ Schumacher، Gerd؛ Stötzner، Andreas (30 يناير 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06027-n3027-medieval.pdf">"L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F06-027%3A+Proposal+to+add+Medievalist+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2006-01-30&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Baker%2C+Peter&rft.au=Emiliano%2C+Ant%C3%B3nio&rft.au=Grammel%2C+Florian&rft.au=Haugen%2C+Odd+Einar&rft.au=Luft%2C+Diana&rft.au=Pedro%2C+Susana&rft.au=Schumacher%2C+Gerd&rft.au=St%C3%B6tzner%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06027-n3027-medieval.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit&section=T-12" title="تعديل جزء : External links"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Latin-script_letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Latin-script letters (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" class="mw-redirect" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=O&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=T&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=U&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letter C with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacritic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacritic (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">diacritics</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ć (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ćć</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĉ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ĉĉ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Č (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Čč</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ċ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ċċ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ç (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Çç</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḉ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ḉḉ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȼ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ȼȼ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_with_bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C with bar (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ꞓꞓ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꞔ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ꞔꞔ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C6%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ƈ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ƈƈ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ɕ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%9D%BC%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𝼝 (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">𝼝</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin-script_multigraph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin-script multigraph (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Latin-script_digraphs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Latin-script digraphs (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ch (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dz (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dž (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gh_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gh (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IJ_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IJ (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lj_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lj (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ll (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_ly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian ly (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nh_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nh (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nj_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nj (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ny_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ny (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sh (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sz_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sz (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th_(digraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Th (digraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_dzs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian dzs (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eau_(trigraph)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eau (trigraph) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ough_(orthography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ough (orthography) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzsch (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QWERTY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QWERTY (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QWERTZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QWERTZ (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZERTY (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvorak_keyboard_layout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvorak keyboard layout (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colemak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colemak (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%89PO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BÉPO (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo_(keyboard_layout)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo (keyboard layout) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_646&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 646 (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_script_in_Unicode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin script in Unicode (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Latin character sets (computing) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Western Latin character sets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIN_91379&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIN 91379 (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin letters used in mathematics (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacritic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacritic (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeography (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both"> </div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7473676">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageleft{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style><table id="documentation-meta-data" class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="background-color: #ecfcf4"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="ويكيبيديا:توثيق قالب">التوثيق</a> في الأعلى <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ويكيبيديا:تضمين">مضمن</a> من <a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD" title="قالب:C/شرح">قالب:C/شرح</a>. <small style="font-style: normal;">(<a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=edit">عدل</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD&action=history">تاريخ</a>)</small><br />يمكن للمحررين تجريب تعديلاتهم على القالب في صفحات ملعب <small style="font-style: normal;">(<a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8&action=edit&preload=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%2F%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82-%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8">أنشئ</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8&preload=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%2F%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A2%D8%A9&action=edit&summary=%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8+%D9%84%D9%80+%5B%5B%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3AC%5D%5D">مرآة</a>)</small> و مختبر <small style="font-style: normal;">(<a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1&action=edit&preload=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%3A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%2F%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1">أنشئ</a>)</small>.<br />من فضلك أضف التصنيفات في الصفحة الفرعية للقالب <a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD" title="قالب:C/شرح">/شرح</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:C/" title="خاص:فهرس بدايه/قالب:C/">الصفحات الفرعية لـ قالب</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">اتجابت من "<a dir="ltr" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=قالب:C&oldid=10224256">https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=قالب:C&oldid=10224256</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="خاص:تصانيف">تصانيف</a>: <ul><li><a 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pages with incorrect protection templates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تصنيف:صفحات بها قالب بدلا من كلمة سحريه">صفحات بها قالب بدلا من كلمة سحريه</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:Sidebars_with_styles_needing_conversion" title="تصنيف:Sidebars with styles needing conversion">Sidebars with styles needing conversion</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">تصنيفات مستخبية: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="تصنيف:صفحات بها أخطاء في البرنامج النصي">صفحات بها أخطاء في البرنامج النصي</a></li><li><a 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