CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135f0dd1f48a3dc',cH: 'zLVBH0fe_gHUUCfPbGE7qzGGyzTnukrmN3m2Tf6nlWA-1739797022-1.2.1.1-bClnb2v97StAMZ1gb.rB39HEShSCMj7HhslyqXKLsCetuksrZKoTP1py5cVYZV1b',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=educational%20quality%20assurance&page=6&__cf_chl_tk=MZAml2j.DpmvN5XTysOnC30yVAnRt6DOLjkgFqf61D8-1739797022-1.0.1.1-yh6WhlD0ftlgqlMWukxHsbUA9_hY.ocWkxpsB.FhsEI",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739797022',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=educational%20quality%20assurance&page=6&__cf_chl_f_tk=MZAml2j.DpmvN5XTysOnC30yVAnRt6DOLjkgFqf61D8-1739797022-1.0.1.1-yh6WhlD0ftlgqlMWukxHsbUA9_hY.ocWkxpsB.FhsEI",md: "420uZcl04od8mUXIhT.oaWcdazdSjwjM8c2Q4vQ9Xe0-1739797022-1.2.1.1-s.IMAQQ9By4oPe7.NGKiEZDl_JYOKA7eB1tPdLQAz7nHIwJsHsU9HcB12n5WxIo8ANXPR9LLYvPYn2t_WyJ.EmIlzVkxi89jn8SozAAFEkU_Qb8xReBRsz1EOuZTv8mAKBV.PrXpv1X41e.N_zYMdN6x3CJ569_FK3XZ8AWTnb76EX1uo_SxNdderzuHYYNPvWyT71Fg1VvM0pOQ4Y6duzOQ7X5zXxsYGt27M_JgckP4MuKR5eSJ18Sf9yKVaAh_fHQh4jMdzn21_yckWjfG4Hjk2mUM6j2uSmxuUKwYohUGmLGsBwPHIq7XtgdvT4XghikK..iogGLGwpjvi9ME0eDq7MdluhRAypShE2LGdCkuNwoX2gSuvCVTdNeivqnHjxgXdpQiixce7aVVPxkt.FJmxtVe_sQ4_QwCB.W0Xa45N0.3UgtQKN6_o1zvnszTuI1644Y6QAuiri0iQQTAKqg77I1scvewrO2piJj2xbHRDEvy_gj9CaCZl2NpYr3K4Nj4iKH1Lc0632HMWROXEWcqXt8NiXrc1ziV4jqgIWm7cXYpm2ub_MDpE03K1deiETyr7vUmVyC_ESkp0J9e_XCWj2UhKLN4.YQvYJ.SA3FPouJdHQBz1KPicwYnt_q16uqQXk_F4OfY8SkU7DoFm5kTyXSw.WnL4Ynxl63Kc9TuWExcP2pVI_3mpsX4YDsWjDIatzO1C2NyzovfwTiBldI2OzT6L2LRinVfaAlSUcumqJ2ojd4F6z1Nv1T1_tbts93TMHrYEJ7rP1aoMi06XzG_My13UIaXIGSn2THtM5TyZJl2GX9JRxgh7fKcPsvaTf_Anzik40JTrWCyo_dnPcMeXK1ufdvxKovnHkJa9niDAMpn8jsdqtrKt82sEhGYfNuKITQ0XVGcahRDOPha3asyVulpeo1jo1cLvwcnuWnzov0HpZRA42B_KqNqSxpcitbPAL_SUwQMahORpdv3WjedlX7AC23ixN2gy5jdeEI_kOyZdoDPJLnKt3Q7PoGUicnBB5uwNCXI3C99f2yl5cmKg1KBvyaPDZsVFXeI6KCIm_kXvJHgM5Y6IPnUastgOFko68SfDq0wi7FNFW6_HG9jZr.eRlWfL.CG..a1PBEJshrMQHfxBXQ.Aik9LRrN7QA_BJn1cK7BgahWj5WL7t9isYgeTuQkTE7JaIadr6Lv4hxZwpzrMnVHuw6FdBE8tmBM9zmZ6dYJsPLz2qRavSBb9ARwb6UtV56eyskXAiq7tQHzAsNc4sQzQ.lIwGDQhMPgK0NPwIIQ2Re9XYauJdRuEBT2lQjbuJUHfv.Ric8KfDbrv5gUS6qhiZkamZaxnPV0GnesJ1bjRKjjz7.wcm5kct.GGPW4iUjI.b7_mJKnnhGhLaiNWnNsjkyU4Y45mmO.7SvEXWMzPNjDgWWx1WcAj3eC5lK.xaZjwx3fOUpyGMhiF_HRMylvceXeBryX91u_x5KaC3YfSCY3dqPlRBsN.4n63guugq.MAh04SVbv2LtxIOIZzUGd4gjXO0bFhJSO6xxLDQhnGThTuEpyY8sL2GZKm4HvLXs7j.V0tll_NZdGEtqZJqNbKfZsn0JvrxyaNPlOvOxb0hlaMlNkaZ1Y0gG1M1r7JZCXnhrcoypkNb5tfY582656E3HcyPrDqf5In8CVhrTL1OM_fVLNmHSpLvzL_dQ6rwhhTXx7JD..CKk6Z7tHV60GPnCzCHFxYFWS_wkgbVmEgaImxtXyhrwHd9m4hXvhXhDiQ1pwxcijaa9l_uK9OEIKpD1lgMjirc_k0gv2Y645joglvuSS5w0gN8KadXY65JJfvfCJa6HU4Gfjn5KT_A37SNR3zQeNeOPnwAqy7wGNvPTv45eb.RyizMxe4IF8vufO3lIHD7f3V7j.r1y7xQ7O7mja32RJzEl0q0pH_3oQ5FwvgKeS2n9yVvhh5yvve302MfdpDo2B6A85pgDlaku25_sy6fTAFtkKbI_Xiae5dUMHP.HjYJ5MUBnItr2T9smzNX0dtTA",mdrd: "oNnfkPFl.HiMc6BvoaGBO_pQzLtFTK9ZMHLj9STV4tY-1739797022-1.2.1.1-lF765uwBFke4M0El2WZ9VbBVTpE5z95wYEoPmANB8pOmVdct7lfuiZs9Ut3oGB8Mk2AAK3rLHqaWeaU0WQ7a6PX3ANik53nKdlwtryCWiQQrmFzqLcu2h1zJUVA6havhpOkG_B0krBBteGvmZnQPMicV6frEH18EbTor0a9OF3Gh5JIR6rj.7iP1YAPWbGkHN4Jz8k0J8VhZgPYjrHiQnCM_UdeGI3fOAwwTKPA0SAF602KmpTjl7TC08lBRg5QJhf6QEx9v6hHqrp24hGdVPp3E2a62oHf1xt_U0NuhYdAxVov8do5uesUsSpTd9R9rtGriNBRnPndtjws.G3dCwlsQZdJGHNvWyZZmkTnFxWQyitLqFzvUXUSJOO.UAY.anhfNTHjegIEb5oMM4vO6w1FBqVmrtuJ4f7XHyeEJpox2jIxaQa86DZaqdrX6pF7lfBuZY8FEesKEfkWnXaa1miWY_Y0h9rVJCQjKL5OCCXmmdVmwUzvPx71kwVRnOYUUdMXcv1kam9u7Ovq_gOLBRpuohZL3m_DvgSLQHp0mQ3wwxvVBYfrA0W6mMyTQ0NsBCBrP9xIJIzX3ARix8woCoweqdLJPFAn3boPQMEkHJQx6vbyVV9OKLSc6WGdnCrsfWve7PqV2RBdKAC7Oub7IBflG0fWCrNpcbHnckW8mol51EDQaqCdZt.SDnv0TOvpdN02DyRjUp7gpd1YbPOpPIp5nbj1lvsQ16Lt2wWQZ40DA2z.fIVFxgtov7uqdsHeXa5d4g2utE2ELCW6hVgQxdVCt1pAEV65I2DpTtgZQhcNmA9kVkKlh2Nlav4hTgpN4ZsvuJLaqlEl_ItSfzS2rK4N110r2fFq8CaauwAmyam8KyvsgY509MmeSvwsYfszEhF7QhPl.GSdY5VcquE2B8ooxqK9Ud8HXULbb8Vl6CSaVUbq8Y.XiCnAV36oQg4PhYmhUTDqynGAA7WB7rS42gVLwgpjg2a3hOuEVCl8eIMB28W2v4ZAaKg0S93V.AR0hgiGdyeQckQ4l7iOGG2MoOfGoPB5LA6fmjbqamNLb8_HJn7raytMAyJ_reh3WEjSAPTD3i7Cby44BhMeNP7asYMQhXt7.ziuHauA_sIOjo5JIk9pQ1BDe5zrSld_InQGJ2p_JpTvxbVn2ETd5EBtRTxDrbpMEvIYluTv9SR3e5wZRXSFmj2k_R.b8O_4KAB4HsVgY3XImElYAc1n5kAyqXDuDS9hXAfb6Fnz6jKafWSUsIQKdGVUehLjaTKnFOJGfbQsooxMjCQ7oc2bxyHqyEQykIUDZFQ3Wo6nkDvOpBOMQ3zZSmlgf5_8hsIih0aiifkFbSCJFKfrnkYAeffMXmbv8QQ9zNJeEHB3.RjxfnsX.vqjCzejKou1KvAufLgNoMjcIgfCZK8h.XYhOZoUljtmIFsPZC2p5lNbepVZCC9.S3mPmu4gfmlvvWPimn2Ni.k_Xt2FEa8HnORaXO.BQ80ishrID7d88lGaEZIHSlA5ikZR_75CoqVihViNPDR1EKxFvZhF5.ZuBtMHttVoGeqH9g1Wkh8K3bgOPFOXmTa4jXv0dau2eY66_KCYORMTk5YFhN9bAXByvlT7Yj444VbhuysoAohGDzIYFCrQTOKt5bW_BooE72WcEWstHMhJ1_Lsx8t1Y1DGxLz62_d30rqQqqKs5rypCUA1GBegsmtjM6YBJu7Jl3HlEWQTXIMiq1GUYkeWkVBvk15QX8RWNUG.A1HWQGU8MVYA3hs_fCicCQJFl.b5Lr6_qVFhaiHCbcVL6yr39yDhVu.JSyYiXQDYeRhWTOV41yg4eF66Jd9hhNqWoPLC.OIpo6kUFQhV2DyzM8Zm59dmPa3kJm0hnc7K65KjgLjMpw3v_stVXu92cTXC98kNFxN6qlhvbQTHiJNfXgWjhwypWKICreaoekjaCCYD6hlenUGGLONqjMg6BfWnTcXagd1W6YyKubh95"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135f0dd1f48a3dc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=educational%20quality%20assurance&page=6&__cf_chl_rt_tk=MZAml2j.DpmvN5XTysOnC30yVAnRt6DOLjkgFqf61D8-1739797022-1.0.1.1-yh6WhlD0ftlgqlMWukxHsbUA9_hY.ocWkxpsB.FhsEI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>