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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hi.svg" width="108" height="18" style="width: 6.75em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-विशेषताएँ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#विशेषताएँ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>विशेषताएँ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-विशेषताएँ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इतिहास_और_हिंदी_पर_प्रभाव" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इतिहास_और_हिंदी_पर_प्रभाव"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>इतिहास और हिंदी पर प्रभाव</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इतिहास_और_हिंदी_पर_प्रभाव-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-उच्चारण_सहायता" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#उच्चारण_सहायता"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>उच्चारण सहायता</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-उच्चारण_सहायता-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इन्हें_भी_देखें"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>इन्हें भी देखें</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">तुर्की भाषा परिवार</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 119 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Атиурк бызшәақәа – अब्ख़ाज़ियन" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Атиурк бызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="अब्ख़ाज़ियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiese_tale" title="Turkiese tale – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkiese tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA%E1%8A%AD_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD_%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B0%E1%88%A0%E1%89%A5" title="የቱርኪክ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ – अम्हेरी" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቱርኪክ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="अम्हेरी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_turquicas" title="Luengas turquicas – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas turquicas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات أتراكية – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات أتراكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_t%C3%BArquiques" title="Llingües túrquiques – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües túrquiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Туркиял мацӀал – अवेरिक" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркиял мацӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="अवेरिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dill%C9%99ri" title="Türk dilləri – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türk dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تورک دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورک دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төрки телдәр – बशख़िर" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төрки телдәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="बशख़िर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiorku_kalbas" title="Tiorku kalbas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tiorku kalbas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Цюркскія мовы – बेलारूसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цюркскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Цюрскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цюрскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тюркски езици – बुल्गारियाई" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тюркски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गारियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="তুর্কীয় ভাষাসমূহ – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কীয় ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_turkek" title="Yezhoù turkek – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù turkek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_jezici" title="Turkijski jezici – बोस्नियाई" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turkijski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_t%C3%BArquiques" title="Llengües túrquiques – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües túrquiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Туьркийн меттанаш – चेचन" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туьркийн меттанаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="चेचन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمانە تورکییەکان – सोरानी कुर्दिश" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانە تورکییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="सोरानी कुर्दिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy_tiller" title="Türkiy tiller – क्रीमीन तुर्की" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkiy tiller" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="क्रीमीन तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Turkické jazyky – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turkické jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тĕрĕк чĕлхисем – चूवाश" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕрĕк чĕлхисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चूवाश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Tyrcaidd" title="Ieithoedd Tyrcaidd – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Tyrcaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_sprog" title="Tyrkiske sprog – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="अच्छा लेख"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksprachen" title="Turksprachen – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turksprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_T%C4%B1rki" title="Zıwanê Tırki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Tırki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkojske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Turkojske rěcy – निचला सॉर्बियन" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="निचला सॉर्बियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Τουρκικές γλώσσες – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjurka_lingvaro" title="Tjurka lingvaro – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tjurka lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_t%C3%BArquicas" title="Lenguas túrquicas – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas túrquicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgi_keeled" title="Turgi keeled – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turgi keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiar_hizkuntzak" title="Turkiar hizkuntzak – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiar hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های ترکی – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های ترکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkkilaiset_kielet" title="Turkkilaiset kielet – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkkilaiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_turciques" title="Langues turciques – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues turciques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkspriaken" title="Turkspriaken – उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turkspriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkske_talen" title="Turkske talen – पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_Tuircice" title="Teangacha Tuircice – आयरिश" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Tuircice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आयरिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dilleri" title="Türk dilleri – गागौज़" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türk dilleri" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="गागौज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_turcas" title="Linguas turcas – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas turcas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk_Ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Turk Ngî-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Turk Ngî-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות טורקיות – हिब्रू" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות טורקיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_bhasa" title="Turkic bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_jezici" title="Turkijski jezici – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turkijski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Turkske rěče – ऊपरी सॉर्बियन" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ऊपरी सॉर्बियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_nyelvek" title="Török nyelvek – हंगेरियाई" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Török nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हंगेरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Թյուրքական լեզվախումբ – आर्मेनियाई" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թյուրքական լեզվախումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Turkik" title="Rumpun bahasa Turkik – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Turkik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Тюркий метташ – इंगुश" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тюркий метташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="इंगुश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka_lingui" title="Turka lingui – इडौ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turka lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="इडौ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrk%C3%ADsk_m%C3%A1l" title="Tyrkísk mál – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkísk mál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_turche" title="Lingue turche – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue turche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="チュルク語族 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チュルク語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_basa_Turk" title="Kulawarga basa Turk – जावानीज़" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga basa Turk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जावानीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="თურქული ენები – जॉर्जियाई" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქული ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जॉर्जियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_titurkiyin" title="Tutlayin titurkiyin – कबाइल" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayin titurkiyin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="कबाइल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_Bahasa_Turkik" title="Rumpun Bahasa Turkik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rumpun Bahasa Turkik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Түркі тілдері – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркі тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="튀르크어족 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르크어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_tirk%C3%AE" title="Zimanên tirkî – कुर्दिश" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên tirkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="कुर्दिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Түрк тилдери – किर्गीज़" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түрк тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="किर्गीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Turcicae" title="Linguae Turcicae – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Turcicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Туьрк чӀалар – लेज़्घीयन" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьрк чӀалар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="लेज़्घीयन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_turcica" title="Linguas turcica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas turcica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiurk%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Tiurkų kalbos – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiurkų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjurku_valodas" title="Tjurku valodas – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tjurku valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_torkika" title="Fianakaviam-piteny torkika – मालागासी" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny torkika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="मालागासी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Тюрк йылме-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тюрк йылме-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Туркиски јазици – मकदूनियाई" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туркиски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="मकदूनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="തുർക്കിക് ഭാഷകൾ – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കിക് ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Түрэг хэлний язгуур – मंगोलियाई" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Түрэг хэлний язгуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="मंगोलियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="तुर्की भाषासमूह – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्की भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa-bahasa Turki – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – माज़न्देरानी" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="माज़न्देरानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkse_talen" title="Turkse talen – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tyrkiske språk – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tyrkiske språk – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_turquesas" title="Lengas turquesas – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas turquesas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Тюркаг æвзæгтæ – ओस्सेटिक" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тюркаг æвзæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ओस्सेटिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_turkijskie" title="Języki turkijskie – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki turkijskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ترک بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترک بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_turcomanas" title="Línguas turcomanas – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas turcomanas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_rimaykuna" title="Turku rimaykuna – क्वेचुआ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turku rimaykuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="क्वेचुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_turcice" title="Limbi turcice – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi turcice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тюркские языки – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тюркские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Түүр тыллара – याकूत" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүр тыллара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="याकूत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ – संथाली" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="संथाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACnguas_turcas" title="Lìnguas turcas – सार्दिनियन" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lìnguas turcas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="सार्दिनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_leids" title="Turkic leids – स्कॉट्स" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkic leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="स्कॉट्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_jezici" title="Turkijski jezici – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turkijski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Turkické jazyky – स्लोवाक" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turkické jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%A1ki_jeziki" title="Turški jeziki – स्लोवेनियाई" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turški jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitauro_ye_chiTuruki" title="Mitauro ye chiTuruki – शोणा" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitauro ye chiTuruki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="शोणा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_turkike" title="Gjuhët turkike – अल्बानियाई" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët turkike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Туркијски језици – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туркијски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksproaken" title="Turksproaken – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Turksproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkspr%C3%A5k" title="Turkspråk – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kiturki" title="Lugha za Kiturki – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kiturki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecke_godki" title="Turecke godki – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turecke godki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="துருக்கிய மொழிகள் – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கிய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Забонҳои туркӣ – ताजिक" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забонҳои туркӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ताजिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มภาษาเตอร์กิก – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาเตอร์กิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dilleri" title="Türk dilleri – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türk dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төрки телләр – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрки телләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Түрк дылдар – तुवीनियन" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Түрк дылдар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="तुवीनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Тюрк кылъёс – उदमुर्त" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Тюрк кылъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="उदमुर्त" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تۈركىي تىللار – उइगर" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركىي تىللار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="उइगर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Тюркські мови – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тюркські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="ترک زبانیں – उर्दू" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترک زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiy_tillar" title="Turkiy tillar – उज़्बेक" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiy tillar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज़्बेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_Turk" title="Ngữ hệ Turk – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Turk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksche_toaln" title="Turksche toaln – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turksche toaln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="突厥语族 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="突厥语族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥语系 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="突厥语系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥語系 – कैंटोनीज़" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="突厥語系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="कैंटोनीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अंतरभाषा कड़ियाँ संपादित करें" class="wbc-editpage">कड़ियाँ संपादित करें</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="नामस्थान"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सामग्री 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0"><span>पुस्तक बनायें</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>पीडीएफ़ रूप डाउनलोड करें</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&printable=yes" title="इस पृष्ठका छपानेलायक अवतरण [p]" accesskey="p"><span>प्रिन्ट 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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">दिखावट</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hi" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Map-TurkicLanguages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map-TurkicLanguages.png/210px-Map-TurkicLanguages.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map-TurkicLanguages.png/315px-Map-TurkicLanguages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map-TurkicLanguages.png/420px-Map-TurkicLanguages.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>विश्व के देश (गाढ़े नीले रंग में) और प्रदेश (हलके नीले रंग में) जहाँ तुर्की भाषाओँ को सरकारी मान्यता प्राप्त है</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Kultegin_monument_Mongolia_section.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kultegin_monument_Mongolia_section.jpg/210px-Kultegin_monument_Mongolia_section.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kultegin_monument_Mongolia_section.jpg/315px-Kultegin_monument_Mongolia_section.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kultegin_monument_Mongolia_section.jpg/420px-Kultegin_monument_Mongolia_section.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>सन् 735 के लगभग तराशे गए एक ओरख़ोन शिलालेख का हिस्सा</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Turkic_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkic_languages.png/210px-Turkic_languages.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkic_languages.png/315px-Turkic_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkic_languages.png/420px-Turkic_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>यूरेशिया में तुर्की भाषाओँ का फैलाव</figcaption></figure> <p><b>तुर्की भाषाएँ</b> पैंतीस से भी अधिक भाषाओँ का एक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भाषा-परिवार">भाषा-परिवार</a> है। तुर्की भाषाएँ पूर्वी <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="यूरोप">यूरोप</a> और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर">भूमध्य सागर</a> से लेकर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="साइबेरिया">साईबेरिया</a> और पश्चिमी <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन">चीन</a> तक बोली जाती हैं। कुछ भाषावैज्ञानिक इन्हें <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अल्ताई भाषा-परिवार">अल्ताई भाषा परिवार</a> की एक शाखा मानते हैं। विश्व में लगभग 16.5 से 18 करोड़ लोग तुर्की भाषाएँ अपनी मातृभाषा के रूप में बोलते हैं और अगर सभी तुर्की भाषाओँ को बोल सकने वालों की गणना की जाए तो क़रीब 25 करोड़ लोग इन्हें बोल सकते हैं। सब से अधिक बोली जाने वाली तुर्की भाषा का नाम भी <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्कीयाई भाषा">तुर्की</a> है, हालाँकि कभी-कभी इसे अनातोल्वी भी कहा जाता है (क्योंकि यह <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="आनातोलिया">अनातोलिया</a> में बोली जाती है)। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="विशेषताएँ"><span id=".E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.B6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.81"></span>विशेषताएँ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: विशेषताएँ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>तुर्की भाषाओँ में कुछ विशेषताएँ देखी जा सकती हैं - </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="अभिश्लेषण">अभिश्लेषण</a></b> (अग्लूटिनेशन) - तुर्की भाषाओं में शब्द छोटे अर्थपूर्ण <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="रूपिम">रूपिमों</a> को जोड़-जोड़कर बनाए जाते हैं। मिसाल के लिए <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उइगुर भाषा">उईग़ुर भाषा</a> (जो तुर्की परिवार की एक सदस्या है) में चार रूपिमों (अत/घोड़ा, लर/बहुवाची, इम/मेरा, ग़ा/को) को जोड़कर "अतलरिमग़ा" शब्द बनता है जिसका अर्थ है "मेरे घोड़ों को"।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="स्वर सहयोग">स्वर सहयोग</a></b> - बहुत कम को छोड़कर, लगभग सारी तुर्की भाषाओँ में कुछ स्वर एक साथ किसी शब्द में आ सकते हैं और कुछ स्वरों को एक शब्द में एक-साथ मौजूद होने की अनुमति नहीं है।</li> <li><b>लिंग या अन्य तत्वों का व्याकरण में भेद नहीं</b> - हिंदी में लिंग और संख्या के अनुसार संज्ञाओं और अन्य शब्दों के रूप बदलते हैं ("घोड़ा होता है, घोड़ी होती है, घोड़े होते हैं")। तुर्की भाषाओँ में ऐसा कुछ नहीं है।</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इतिहास_और_हिंदी_पर_प्रभाव"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B8_.E0.A4.94.E0.A4.B0_.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.B0_.E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.AD.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B5"></span>इतिहास और हिंदी पर प्रभाव</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: इतिहास और हिंदी पर प्रभाव"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मंगोलिया">मंगोलिया</a> की ओरख़ोन घाटी में स्थित ओरख़ोन शिलालेख किसी भी तुर्की भाषा में मिले सब से पुराने लेख हैं और इनमें प्रयोगित भाषा को <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पुरानी तुर्की भाषा">पुरानी तुर्की भाषा</a> कहा जाता है। यह शिलाएँ 732 और 735 ई॰ के बीच के काल में कुल तिगिन और बिलगे क़ाग़ान नामक दो गोकतुर्क क़बीले के सरदारों के सम्मान में खड़ी की गई थीं। तुर्की भाषाओँ पर सबसे पहला गहरा अध्ययन काराख़ान सल्तनत के वासी कश्गरली महमूद ने अपनी 11वीं शताब्दी में लिखी किताब "दिवानुए लुग़ातित तुऍर्क" में पूरा किया। यह तुर्की बोलियों का सब से पहला विस्तृत शब्दकोश था और इसमें तुर्की भाषाएँ बोलने वालों के फैलाव का सब से पहला ज्ञात नक़्शा था। </p><p>छठी शताब्दी के बाद तुर्की-भाषी फ़ौजें पूरे मध्य एशिया पर हावी हो गईं। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अफ़ग़ानिस्तान">अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान</a> और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप">भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप</a> के उत्तरी इलाक़ों पर भी इनका क़ब्ज़ा हो गया। दिल्ली सल्तनत के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="ग़ुलाम वंश">गुलाम वंश</a> के सभी शासक (जैसे कि <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95" title="कुतुब-उद-दीन ऐबक">कुतुब-उद-दीन ऐबक</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6" title="इल्तुतमिश">इल्तुतमिश</a> वग़ैरा) और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मुग़ल साम्राज्य">मुग़ल साम्राज्य</a> के प्रथम शासक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="बाबर">बाबर</a> तुर्की मातृभाषी थे। बाबर द्वारा लिखित ऐतिहासिक वर्णन बाबरनामा भी तुर्की परिवार की चग़तई भाषा में लिखा हुआ है। इस प्रभाव से तुर्की के बहुत से शब्द <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़ारसी भाषा">फ़ारसी</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिंदी-</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाषा">उर्दू</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा">रूसी</a> और हंगेरियाई भाषा में समा गए। हिंदी में तुर्की शब्दों की सूची बहुत लम्बी है और यह शब्द अक्सर अरबी-फ़ारसी से भिन्न और हिंदी के देशज शब्दों की तरह ही लगते हैं, जैसे कि नौकर, बहादुर, चादर, चमचा, कैंची, हवा, छतरी, कुली (सामान उठाने वाला) और तोप। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="उच्चारण_सहायता"><span id=".E0.A4.89.E0.A4.9A.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.9A.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.A3_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BE"></span>उच्चारण सहायता</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: उच्चारण सहायता"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ध्यान दें कि इस लेख में और तुर्की भाषाओँ में प्रयोग होने वाले <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC" title="ख़">'ख़' वर्ण का सही उच्चारण</a> 'ख' से ज़रा भिन्न होता है। इसी तरह <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC" title="ग़">'ग़' वर्ण का सही उच्चारण</a> 'ग' से भिन्न होता है। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इन्हें_भी_देखें"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82"></span>इन्हें भी देखें</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: इन्हें भी देखें"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पुरानी तुर्की भाषा">पुरानी तुर्की भाषा</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तुर्कीयाई भाषा">तुर्की भाषा</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भाषा-परिवार">भाषा-परिवार</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <small><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=icZf7TNgnuIC&pg=PA15">Spoken Uyghur</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140921190207/http://books.google.com/books?id=icZf7TNgnuIC">Archived</a> 2014-09-21 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a>, Reinhard F. Hahn, University of Washington Press, 2006, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> 9780295986517.</span> </li> </ol></div></small>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=तुर्की_भाषा_परिवार&oldid=4762710">https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=तुर्की_भाषा_परिवार&oldid=4762710</a>" से प्राप्त</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="विशेष:श्रेणियाँ">श्रेणियाँ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:तुर्की भाषाएँ">तुर्की भाषाएँ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="श्रेणी:भाषा-परिवार">भाषा-परिवार</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:विश्व की भाषाएँ">विश्व की भाषाएँ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:अभिश्लेषणी भाषाएँ">अभिश्लेषणी भाषाएँ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">छुपी हुई श्रेणियाँ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:वेबआर्काइव टेम्पलेट वेबैक कड़ियाँ">वेबआर्काइव टेम्पलेट वेबैक कड़ियाँ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="श्रेणी:हिन्दी विकि डीवीडी परियोजना">हिन्दी विकि डीवीडी परियोजना</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> अन्तिम परिवर्तन 23:57, 14 जून 2020।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">यह सामग्री <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">क्रियेटिव कॉमन्स ऍट्रीब्यूशन/शेयर-अलाइक लाइसेंस</a> के तहत उपलब्ध है; 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