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<span>Contributions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Additional resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="مارتن كلابروت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارتن كلابروت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Henrix_Klaprot" title="Martin Henrix Klaprot – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Martin Henrix Klaprot" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="مارتین هاینریش کلاپروت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارتین هاینریش کلاپروت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Марцін Генрых Клапрот – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марцін Генрых Клапрот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Мартин Хайнрих Клапрот – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мартин Хайнрих Клапрот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84" title="Μάρτιν Χάινριχ Κλάπροτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάρτιν Χάινριχ Κλάπροτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="مارتین هاینریش کلاپروت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارتین هاینریش کلاپروت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B4_%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%8A%B8" title="마르틴 하인리히 클라프로트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마르틴 하인리히 클라프로트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="მარტინ ჰაინრიხ კლაპროთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარტინ ჰაინრიხ კლაპროთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martins_Heinrihs_Klaprots" title="Martins Heinrihs Klaprots – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Martins Heinrihs Klaprots" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="مارتن كلابروت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارتن كلابروت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="マルティン・ハインリヒ・クラプロート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルティン・ハインリヒ・クラプロート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Клапрот, Мартин Генрих – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клапрот, Мартин Генрих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Klaproth" title="Martin Klaproth – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Martin Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97" title="มาร์ทีน ไฮน์ริช คลัพโรท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาร์ทีน ไฮน์ริช คลัพโรท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">German chemist (1743–1817)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Martin Heinrich Klaproth</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth.jpg/150px-Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth.jpg/225px-Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth.jpg/300px-Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="1108" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Engraving by <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Tardieu" title="Ambroise Tardieu">Ambroise Tardieu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1743-12-01</span>)</span>1 December 1743<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Wernigerode" title="Wernigerode">Wernigerode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, Holy Roman Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1817<span style="display:none">(1817-01-01)</span> (aged 73)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Kingdom of Prussia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Wernigerode</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Discovery of uranium, zirconium, and other elements</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Martin Heinrich Klaproth</b> (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He trained and worked for much of his life as an <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a>, moving in later life to the university. His shop became the second-largest apothecary in Berlin, and the most productive artisanal chemical research center in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klaproth was a major systematizer of <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">analytical chemistry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an independent inventor of <a href="/wiki/Gravimetric_analysis" title="Gravimetric analysis">gravimetric analysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Garrison_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrison-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His attention to detail and refusal to ignore discrepancies in results led to improvements in the use of apparatus. He was a major figure in understanding the composition of minerals and characterizing the elements.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klaproth discovered <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> (1789)<sup id="cite_ref-Dahlkamp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahlkamp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> (1789). He was also involved in the discovery or co-discovery of <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> (1795), <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> (1793), <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> (1803), and <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> (1797) and confirmed the previous discoveries of <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a> (1798) and <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> (1798).<sup id="cite_ref-Record_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Record-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klaproth was a member and director of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Berlin Academy of Sciences">Berlin Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was recognized internationally as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in London,<sup id="cite_ref-Thomson_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klaproth was born in <a href="/wiki/Wernigerode" title="Wernigerode">Wernigerode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">tailor</a>, and attended the Latin school at Wernigerode for four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For much of his life he followed the profession of <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a>. In 1759, when he was 16 years old, he apprenticed at Quedlinburg. In 1764, he became a journeyman. He trained in pharmacies at <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Quedlinburg</a> (1759–1766); <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a> (1766–1768, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Brande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Hermann Brande (page does not exist)">August Hermann Brande</a>); Berlin (1768); and <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a> (1770).<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1771, Klaproth returned to Berlin to work for <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Rose_the_Elder" title="Valentin Rose the Elder">Valentin Rose the Elder</a> as manager of his business. Following Rose's death, Klaproth passed the required examinations to become senior manager. Following his marriage in 1780, he was able to buy his own establishment, the Apotheke zum Baren. Between 1782 and 1800, Klaproth published 84 papers based on researches carried out in the Apotheke's laboratory. His shop was the most productive site of artisanal chemistry investigations in Europe at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1782, he was the assessor of pharmacy for the examining board of the Ober-Collegium Medicum. In 1787 Klaproth was appointed lecturer in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> Royal Artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-Partington_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partington-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Record_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Record-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1788, Klaproth became an unsalaried member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. In 1800, he became the salaried director of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He sold the apothecary and moved to the academy, where he convinced the university to build a new laboratory. Upon completion in 1802, Klaproth moved the equipment from his apothecary laboratory into the new building.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a> was founded in 1810 he was selected to be the professor of chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-Partington_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partington-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died in Berlin on New Year's Day in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klaproth-tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Klaproth-tomb.JPG/200px-Klaproth-tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Klaproth-tomb.JPG/300px-Klaproth-tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Klaproth-tomb.JPG/400px-Klaproth-tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Memorial plate on the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof in Berlin, by <a href="/wiki/Ralf_Sander" title="Ralf Sander">Ralf Sander</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An exact and conscientious worker, Klaproth did much to improve and systematise the processes of <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">analytical chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>. His appreciation of the value of quantitative methods led him to become one of the earliest adherents of the <a href="/wiki/Lavoisier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavoisier">Lavoisierian</a> doctrines outside France.<sup id="cite_ref-Partington_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partington-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klaproth was the first to discover <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, identifying it first in <a href="/wiki/Torbernite" title="Torbernite">torbernite</a> but doing the majority of his research on it with the mineral <a href="/wiki/Pitchblende" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitchblende">pitchblende</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 September 1789 he announced his discovery to the Royal Prussian Academy of sciences in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-Schuettmann_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuettmann-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also discovered <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> in 1789,<sup id="cite_ref-Watt_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watt-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> separating it in the form of its "earth" zirconia, oxide ZrO<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klaproth analyzed a brightly-colored form of the mineral called "hyacinth" from Ceylon. He gave the new element the name zirconium based on its Persian name "zargun", gold-colored.<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 515">: 515 </span></sup> </p><p>Klaproth characterised uranium and zirconium as distinct <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">elements</a>, though he was unable to isolate them.<sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klaproth independently discovered <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> (1803), a <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth element">rare earth element</a>, around the same time as <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hisinger" title="Wilhelm Hisinger">Wilhelm Hisinger</a>, in the winter of 1803.<sup id="cite_ref-Ihde_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ihde-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Gregor" title="William Gregor">William Gregor</a> of Cornwall was the first to identify the element <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> in 1791, correctly concluding that he had found a new element in the ore <a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">ilmenite</a> from the Menachan valley. He proposed the name "menachanite", but his discovery attracted little attention.<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 497">: 497 </span></sup> Klaproth verified the presence of an oxide of an unknown element in the ore <a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">rutile</a> from Hungary in 1795. Klaproth suggested the name "titanium". It was later determined that menachanite and titanium were the same element, from two different minerals, and Klaproth's name was adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-Kishawy_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kishawy-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klaproth clarified the composition of numerous substances until then imperfectly known, including compounds of then newly recognised elements <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> was discovered in 1797 by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Nicolas_Vauquelin" title="Louis Nicolas Vauquelin">Louis Nicolas Vauquelin</a> and independently discovered in 1798 by Klaproth and by <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Lowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobias Lowitz">Tobias Lowitz</a>, in a mineral from the Ural mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 578–580">: 578–580 </span></sup> Klaproth confirmed chromium's independent status as an element.<sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weeks_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weeks-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chromium_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chromium-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a> was first suggested in 1783 by <a href="/wiki/Franz-Joseph_Mueller_von_Reichenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz-Joseph Mueller von Reichenstein">Franz-Joseph Mueller von Reichenstein</a>, an Austrian mining engineer who was examining Transylvanian gold samples. Tellurium was also discovered independently by Hungarian <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Kitaibel" title="Pál Kitaibel">Pál Kitaibel</a> in 1789. Mueller sent some of his mineral to Klaproth in 1796. Klaproth isolated the new substance and confirmed the identification of the new element <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a> in 1798. He credited Mueller as its discoverer, and suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metals">heavy metal</a> be named "tellus", Latin for 'earth'.<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CI_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CI-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1067">: 1067 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fontani_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontani-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12–16">: 12–16 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1790 <a href="/wiki/Adair_Crawford" title="Adair Crawford">Adair Crawford</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Cruickshank_(chemist)" title="William Cruickshank (chemist)">William Cruickshank</a> determined that the mineral <a href="/wiki/Strontianite" title="Strontianite">strontianite</a>, found near <a href="/wiki/Strontian" title="Strontian">Strontian</a> in Scotland, was different from barium-based minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-Doyle_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doyle-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klaproth was one of several scientists involved in the characterization of <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> compounds and minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-strontium_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strontium-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klaproth, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Charles_Hope" title="Thomas Charles Hope">Thomas Charles Hope</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kirwan" title="Richard Kirwan">Richard Kirwan</a> independently studied and reported on the properties of strontianite, the preparation of compounds of strontium, and their differentiation from those of barium. In September 1793, Klaproth published on the separation of strontium from <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a>, and in 1794 on the preparation of strontium oxide and strontium hydroxide.<sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-strontium_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strontium-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1808, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> became the first to successfully isolate the pure element.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenyon_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nicolas_Vauquelin" title="Louis Nicolas Vauquelin">Louis Nicolas Vauquelin</a> reported the existence of a new element common to emerald and beryl in 1798, and suggested that it be named "glucine". Klaproth confirmed the presence of a new element, and became involved in a lengthy and ongoing debate over its name by suggesting "beryllia". The element was first isolated in 1828, independently by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bussy" title="Antoine Bussy">Antoine Bussy</a>. Only in 1949 did <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> rule exclusively in favor of the name <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CI_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CI-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robison_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robison-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Enghag_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enghag-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 348–352">: 348–352 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fontani_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontani-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bingham_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bingham-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klaproth published extensively, collecting over 200 papers by himself in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beitr%C3%A4ge_zur_chemischen_Kenntnis_der_Mineralk%C3%B6rper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntnis der Mineralkörper (page does not exist)">Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntnis der Mineralkörper</a></i> (5 vols., 1795–1810) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemische_Abhandlungen_gemischten_Inhalts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts (page does not exist)">Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts</a></i> (1815). He also published a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemisches_W%C3%B6rterbuch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemisches Wörterbuch (page does not exist)">Chemisches Wörterbuch</a></i> (1807–1810), and edited a revised edition of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Albrecht_Carl_Gren" title="Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren">F. A. C. Gren</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handbuch_der_Chemie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handbuch der Chemie (page does not exist)">Handbuch der Chemie</a></i> (1806). </p><p>Klaproth became a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of London<sup id="cite_ref-Thomson_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1795,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> in 1804.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Today_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Today-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crater <a href="/wiki/Klaproth_(crater)" title="Klaproth (crater)">Klaproth</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1823, botanist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sigismund_Kunth" title="Carl Sigismund Kunth">Carl Sigismund Kunth</a> published a genus of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> (belonging to the family <a href="/wiki/Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a>), from Central America as <i><a href="/wiki/Klaprothia" title="Klaprothia">Klaprothia</a></i> in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His son <a href="/wiki/Julius_Klaproth" title="Julius Klaproth">Julius</a> was a famous <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">orientalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walravens_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walravens-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Beiträge Zur Chemischen Kenntniss Der Mineralkörper</i> . Vol. 1–5 . Rottmann, Berlin 1795–1810 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-11600">Digital edition</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><i>Chemisches Wörterbuch</i> . Vol. 1–9 . Voss, Berlin 1807–1819 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-28821">Digital edition</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><i>Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts</i> . Nicolai, Berlin [u. a.] 1815 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-9305">Digital edition</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_and_State_Library_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="University and State Library Düsseldorf">University and State Library Düsseldorf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/kataloge/literaturnachweise/klaproth/literatur.pdf">Publication list of Klaproth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612135141/http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/kataloge/literaturnachweise/klaproth/literatur.pdf">Archived</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_resources">Additional resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Additional resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoppeDamaschun_FWappler_G1987" class="citation journal cs1">Hoppe, G; Damaschun F; Wappler G (April 1987). "[An appreciation of Martin Heinrich Klaproth as a mineral chemist]". <i><a href="/wiki/Pharmazie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmazie">Pharmazie</a></i>. <b>42</b> (4): 266–7. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3303064">3303064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmazie&rft.atitle=%5BAn+appreciation+of+Martin+Heinrich+Klaproth+as+a+mineral+chemist%5D&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=266-7&rft.date=1987-04&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3303064&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Damaschun+F&rft.au=Wappler+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSepkeSepke_I1986" class="citation journal cs1">Sepke, H; Sepke I (August 1986). "[The history of physiologic chemistry in the first years of its existence at the Berlin University. Contributions of the chemist M. H. Klaproth and others]". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_gesamte_Hygiene_und_ihre_Grenzgebiete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete (page does not exist)">Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete</a></i>. <b>32</b> (8): 504–6. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3535265">3535265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+die+gesamte+Hygiene+und+ihre+Grenzgebiete&rft.atitle=%5BThe+history+of+physiologic+chemistry+in+the+first+years+of+its+existence+at+the+Berlin+University.+Contributions+of+the+chemist+M.+H.+Klaproth+and+others%5D&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=504-6&rft.date=1986-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3535265&rft.aulast=Sepke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Sepke+I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocchietta1967" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rocchietta, S (February 1967). "[The pharmacist Martin Klaproth (1743–1817), pioneer of modern analytical chemistry, discoverer of uranium. On the 150th anniversary of his death]". <i><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Med." class="mw-redirect" title="Minerva Med.">Minerva Med.</a></i> (in Italian). <b>58</b> (13): 229. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5336711">5336711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minerva+Med.&rft.atitle=%5BThe+pharmacist+Martin+Klaproth+%281743%E2%80%931817%29%2C+pioneer+of+modern+analytical+chemistry%2C+discoverer+of+uranium.+On+the+150th+anniversary+of+his+death%5D&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=229&rft.date=1967-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5336711&rft.aulast=Rocchietta&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDann1958" class="citation journal cs1">Dann, G E (July 1958). "[Scheele & Klaproth; a comparison.]". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svensk_Farmaceutisk_Tidskrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svensk Farmaceutisk Tidskrift (page does not exist)">Svensk Farmaceutisk Tidskrift</a></i>. <b>62</b> (19–20): 433–7. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13580811">13580811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Svensk+Farmaceutisk+Tidskrift&rft.atitle=%5BScheele+%26+Klaproth%3B+a+comparison.%5D&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=19%E2%80%9320&rft.pages=433-7&rft.date=1958-07&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13580811&rft.aulast=Dann&rft.aufirst=G+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDann1953" class="citation journal cs1">Dann, G E (September 1953). "[Contribution of Martin Heinrich Klaproth to the development of chemistry.]". <i><a href="/wiki/Pharmazie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmazie">Pharmazie</a></i>. <b>8</b> (9): 771–9. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13120350">13120350</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmazie&rft.atitle=%5BContribution+of+Martin+Heinrich+Klaproth+to+the+development+of+chemistry.%5D&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=771-9&rft.date=1953-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13120350&rft.aulast=Dann&rft.aufirst=G+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rashleigh_(1729%E2%80%931811)" title="Philip Rashleigh (1729–1811)">Philip Ralshleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hawkins_(geologist)" title="John Hawkins (geologist)">John Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gregor" title="William Gregor">William Gregor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NNDB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NNDB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NNDB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDann,_Georg_Edmund1977" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dann, Georg Edmund (1977), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0001/bsb00016328/images/index.html?seite=713">"Klaproth, Martin Heinrich"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a></i> (in German), vol. 11, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 707–709</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Klaproth%2C+Martin+Heinrich&rft.btitle=Neue+Deutsche+Biographie&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=707-709&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Dann%2C+Georg+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaten.digitale-sammlungen.de%2F0001%2Fbsb00016328%2Fimages%2Findex.html%3Fseite%3D713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span>; (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/ppn118723367.html">full text online</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2007" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Ursula (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aurJv9AZgFcC&pg=PA125">"Apothecary-Chemists in Eighteenth-Century Germany"</a>. In Principe, Lawrence M. (ed.). <i>New narratives in eighteenth-century chemistry : contributions from the First Francis Bacon Workshop, 21–23 April 2005, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California</i>. Springer. pp. 97–137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9048175932" title="Special:BookSources/978-9048175932"><bdi>978-9048175932</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apothecary-Chemists+in+Eighteenth-Century+Germany&rft.btitle=New+narratives+in+eighteenth-century+chemistry+%3A+contributions+from+the+First+Francis+Bacon+Workshop%2C+21%E2%80%9323+April+2005%2C+California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Pasadena%2C+California&rft.pages=97-137&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9048175932&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaurJv9AZgFcC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocchietta1967" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rocchietta, S (February 1967). "[The pharmacist Martin Klaproth (1743–1817), pioneer of modern analytical chemistry, discoverer of uranium. On the 150th anniversary of his death]". <i><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Med." class="mw-redirect" title="Minerva Med.">Minerva Med.</a></i> (in Italian). <b>58</b> (13): 229. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5336711">5336711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minerva+Med.&rft.atitle=%5BThe+pharmacist+Martin+Klaproth+%281743%E2%80%931817%29%2C+pioneer+of+modern+analytical+chemistry%2C+discoverer+of+uranium.+On+the+150th+anniversary+of+his+death%5D&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=229&rft.date=1967-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5336711&rft.aulast=Rocchietta&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshallMarshall2008" class="citation journal cs1">Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unt.edu/~jimm/REDISCOVERY%207-09-2018/Hexagon%20Articles/klaproth.pdf">"Rediscovery of the elements: Klaproth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Hexagon</i>: 20–24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: Harper and Row/Dover. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486642352" title="Special:BookSources/9780486642352"><bdi>9780486642352</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Modern+Chemistry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=375&rft.edition=Dover+reprint+of+the+1970+3rd+printing+by+Harper+and+Row&rft.pub=Harper+and+Row%2FDover&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780486642352&rft.aulast=Ihde&rft.aufirst=Aaron+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D89BIAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kishawy-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kishawy_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKishawyHosseini2019" class="citation book cs1">Kishawy, Hossam A.; Hosseini, Sayyed Ali (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vYtoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57"><i>Machining difficult-to-cut materials : basic principles and challenges</i></a>. Springer. pp. 57–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-95966-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-95966-5"><bdi>978-3-319-95966-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Machining+difficult-to-cut+materials+%3A+basic+principles+and+challenges&rft.pages=57-58&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3-319-95966-5&rft.aulast=Kishawy&rft.aufirst=Hossam+A.&rft.au=Hosseini%2C+Sayyed+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvYtoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weeks-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weeks_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks1956" class="citation book cs1">Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp"><i>The discovery of the elements</i></a> (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements&rft.place=Easton%2C+PA&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveryoftheel002045mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chromium-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chromium_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks1932" class="citation journal cs1">Weeks, Mary Elvira (March 1932). "The discovery of the elements. V. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium". <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 459. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JChEd...9..459W">1932JChEd...9..459W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed009p459">10.1021/ed009p459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements.+V.+Chromium%2C+molybdenum%2C+tungsten+and+uranium&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=459&rft.date=1932-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed009p459&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932JChEd...9..459W&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmsley2003" class="citation book cs1">Emsley, John (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl"><i>Nature's building blocks : an A-Z guide to the elements</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/427">427</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198503408" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198503408"><bdi>978-0198503408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+building+blocks+%3A+an+A-Z+guide+to+the+elements&rft.pages=427&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0198503408&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturesbuildingb0000emsl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks1935" class="citation journal cs1">Weeks, Mary Elvira (September 1935). "The discovery of tellurium". <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>12</b> (9): 403. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1935JChEd..12..403W">1935JChEd..12..403W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed012p403">10.1021/ed012p403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+tellurium&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=403&rft.date=1935-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed012p403&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1935JChEd..12..403W&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CI-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CI_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CI_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compoundchem.com/2016/01/30/rejectedelements/">"A Periodic Table of Rejected Element Names"</a>. <i>Compound Interest</i>. 30 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM/pubhtml">the original</a> on 15 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fellowship+of+the+Royal+Society+1660%E2%80%932015&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fspreadsheets%2Fd%2F1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM%2Fpubhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wenamethestars.inkleby.com/feature/10367">"Klaproth H (Moon)"</a>. <i>We name the stars</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=We+name+the+stars&rft.atitle=Klaproth+H+%28Moon%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwenamethestars.inkleby.com%2Ffeature%2F10367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24997-1">"<i>Klaprothia</i> Kunth | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"</a>. <i>Plants of the World Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Klaprothia+Kunth+%7C+Plants+of+the+World+Online+%7C+Kew+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A24997-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walravens-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walravens_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalravens2006" class="citation journal cs1">Walravens, H (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/7404/walravens.pdf">"Julius Klaproth. His Life and Works with Special Emphasis on Japan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japonica_Humboldtiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japonica Humboldtiana (page does not exist)">Japonica Humboldtiana</a></i>. <b>10</b>: 177–191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japonica+Humboldtiana&rft.atitle=Julius+Klaproth.+His+Life+and+Works+with+Special+Emphasis+on+Japan&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=177-191&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Walravens&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedoc.hu-berlin.de%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F18452%2F7404%2Fwalravens.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Heinrich+Klaproth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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