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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":852624,"created_at":"2011-08-22T15:55:54.829-07:00","from_world_paper_id":11579575,"updated_at":"2024-11-11T16:32:26.765-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"books.google.com","grobid_abstract":"The Internet is first and foremost a communication technology, with the potent ial to change peoples' social interaction. This paper reviews 16 surveys that examine how Internet use can affect social interaction. Our meta-analysis shows that people's Internet use is not associated with their social interaction with family members. The evidence on interactions with friends is contradictory. Studies using cross-sectional designs suggest that more Internet use is sometimes associated with less interaction with friends. Studies using longitudinal repeated measures designs, which can reveal changes in interaction over time, suggest that more Internet use leads to a slight increase in interactions with friends. We discuss plausible interpretations of these findings and, more broadly, how the choice of research design changes what we learn about technology and social change.","publication_date":"2006,1,1","publication_name":"Computers, phones, and the …","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"5136380"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Internet and social interaction","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [577616,54272091]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card with-figures-carousel"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":5136380,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Internet and social interaction”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/5136380/mini_magick20180818-30286-rrs05r.png?1534581606" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Internet and social interaction</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="577616" href="https://itu.academia.edu/IrinaShklovski"><img alt="Profile image of Irina Shklovski" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/577616/205453/239752/s65_irina.shklovski.jpg" />Irina Shklovski</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54272091" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaraKiesler"><img alt="Profile image of Sara Kiesler" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Sara Kiesler</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2006, Computers, phones, and the …</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">43 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 852624; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=852624"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The Internet is first and foremost a communication technology, with the potent ial to change peoples' social interaction. This paper reviews 16 surveys that examine how Internet use can affect social interaction. Our meta-analysis shows that people's Internet use is not associated with their social interaction with family members. The evidence on interactions with friends is contradictory. Studies using cross-sectional designs suggest that more Internet use is sometimes associated with less interaction with friends. Studies using longitudinal repeated measures designs, which can reveal changes in interaction over time, suggest that more Internet use leads to a slight increase in interactions with friends. We discuss plausible interpretations of these findings and, more broadly, how the choice of research design changes what we learn about technology and social change.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><div class="primary-buttons "><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":5136380,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/852624/The_Internet_and_social_interaction"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span>See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":5136380,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/852624/The_Internet_and_social_interaction"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="852624" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="5136380" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/852624/The_Internet_and_social_interaction" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="figure-carousel--grid-container"><div class="carousel-wrapper figure-carousel--container"><h2 class="ds2-5-body-md carousel-heading">Figures (9)</h2><div class="carousel-container" id="loswp-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-loswp-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3730689/figure-1-the-internet-and-social-interaction"><img alt="" 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src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/5136380/table_003.jpg" /></a><figcaption class="figure-slide-caption ds2-5-body-xs"></figcaption></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3730748/table-4-the-internet-and-social-interaction"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/5136380/table_004.jpg" /></a><figcaption class="figure-slide-caption ds2-5-body-xs"></figcaption></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/3730757/table-5-the-internet-and-social-interaction"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/5136380/table_005.jpg" /></a><figcaption class="figure-slide-caption ds2-5-body-xs"></figcaption></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-loswp-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="33917531" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33917531/The_impact_of_the_Internet_on_the_social_lives_of_users_A_representative_sample_from_13_countries">The impact of the Internet on the social lives of users A representative sample from 13 countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66521946" href="https://idc-ac.academia.edu/TsahiZackHayat">Tsahi (Zack) Hayat</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">One of the most vociferous criticisms of the Internet has always been that it contributes to loneliness among its users. This study analyses results from the World Internet Project, comprised of representative samples from 13 countries (22,002 participants). Thus creating an exceptional international representative sample. In analyzing those results, we argue that in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the Internet’s influence over individuals’ social lives; it is essential to consider the different types of social connections that might be influenced by the Internet. We assess the influence of Internet use over social interactions in separate life domains (e.g. with family members; friends; colleagues). Our analysis confirms that Internet usage can actually enhance the social lives of its users. Qualifications to the research are discussed while highlighting the different life domains in which we found significant correlations between Internet usage and increased social interactions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The impact of the Internet on the social lives of users A representative sample from 13 countries","attachmentId":53886615,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33917531/The_impact_of_the_Internet_on_the_social_lives_of_users_A_representative_sample_from_13_countries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33917531/The_impact_of_the_Internet_on_the_social_lives_of_users_A_representative_sample_from_13_countries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="50358393" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50358393/Internet_paradox_A_social_technology_that_reduces_social_involvement_and_psychological_well_being">Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="184421194" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sarasara1190">sara sara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?","attachmentId":68377057,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50358393/Internet_paradox_A_social_technology_that_reduces_social_involvement_and_psychological_well_being","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50358393/Internet_paradox_A_social_technology_that_reduces_social_involvement_and_psychological_well_being"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="14571975" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14571975/The_Internet_and_social_life">The Internet and social life</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33532629" href="https://yale.academia.edu/JohnBargh">John Bargh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annu. Rev. Psychol., 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Internet is the latest in a series of technological breakthroughs in interpersonal communication, following the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television. It combines innovative features of its predecessors, such as bridging great distances and reaching a mass audience.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Internet and social life","attachmentId":44057470,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14571975/The_Internet_and_social_life","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14571975/The_Internet_and_social_life"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="38138562" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38138562/Internet_Usage_Sociability_and_Socialization_docx">Internet Usage, Sociability, and Socialization.docx</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100169155" href="https://ust-ph.academia.edu/EiraSee">Eira See</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Internet Usage, Sociability, and Socialization.docx","attachmentId":58169890,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38138562/Internet_Usage_Sociability_and_Socialization_docx","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38138562/Internet_Usage_Sociability_and_Socialization_docx"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="3778899" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3778899/BARGH_MCKENNA_INTERNET_AND_SOCIAL_LIFE_THE_INTERNET_AND_SOCIAL_LIFE">BARGH MCKENNA INTERNET AND SOCIAL LIFE THE INTERNET AND SOCIAL LIFE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4643987" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TiborNeidhart">Tibor Neidhart</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Internet is the latest in a series of technological breakthroughs in interpersonal communication, following the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television. It combines innovative features of its predecessors, such as bridging great distances and reaching a mass audience.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"BARGH MCKENNA INTERNET AND SOCIAL LIFE THE INTERNET AND SOCIAL LIFE","attachmentId":31443719,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3778899/BARGH_MCKENNA_INTERNET_AND_SOCIAL_LIFE_THE_INTERNET_AND_SOCIAL_LIFE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3778899/BARGH_MCKENNA_INTERNET_AND_SOCIAL_LIFE_THE_INTERNET_AND_SOCIAL_LIFE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="106701629" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106701629/Disaggregated_Effects_of_Computer_Mediated_Communication_Usage_Patterns_on_Social_Networks">Disaggregated Effects of Computer Mediated Communication Usage Patterns on Social Networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31491664" href="https://independent.academia.edu/QureshiIsrar">Israr Qureshi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Various studies have reported that computer-mediated communication (CMC) increases, decreases and has no effect on social capital. These conflicting outcomes of CMC on social ties resulted in a rich debate. However, the core question remains unanswered-how does usage of CMC disrupt relationships and make individuals isolated but at the same time function as a channel for creating new and enduring social ties within and across the populations? We measure CMC usage for learning activities, leisure and socializing communications, and entertainment purpose. We find that those who use CMC more for entertainment have less developed social networks irrespective of the contexts we studied. Those who use CMC for leisure and socializing communication have well developed broader social networks and close friendships networks but less developed work networks. Finally, those who use CMC more for learning activities are more central in work networks but less central in broader social networks and close friendship networks.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Disaggregated Effects of Computer Mediated Communication Usage Patterns on Social Networks","attachmentId":105760647,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106701629/Disaggregated_Effects_of_Computer_Mediated_Communication_Usage_Patterns_on_Social_Networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106701629/Disaggregated_Effects_of_Computer_Mediated_Communication_Usage_Patterns_on_Social_Networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="19830130" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19830130/Social_use_of_the_internet_and_loneliness">Social use of the internet and loneliness</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40597319" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%E6%80%9D%E6%BF%9B%E9%99%88">思濛陈</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Previous literature on internet use and psychological well-being mainly adopts correlational analysis, and treats "psychological well-being" as a "package" composed of such constructs as loneliness, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and so forth. These constructs are not carefully examined in terms of their nature, mechanism, causes, consequences, and furthermore, how they are related to communication. The present study focuses on loneliness and social use of the internet, and reviews the studies relevant to this topic from both social psychology and computer-mediated communication literature, as a response to the call for interdisciplinary research from scholars in these two areas. A pilot study was conducted revealing that recalling and writing stories of loneliness experience was a valid way to arouse mood loneliness. Two hundred and thirty four subjects participated in the formal study, composed of a survey testing trait loneliness and a 5-condition (face-to-face chatting, instant messenger chatting, watching video, writing assignments, and "do nothing"). Mood loneliness increased after people chatted online. People reported higher level of mood loneliness after chatted online than those conversed face to face. For people with high trait loneliness, the mood loneliness increase in computer-mediated communication condition was significantly higher than that in face-to-face communication condition. People gave more positive evaluation to iii face-to-face communication than computer-mediated communication. There was negative relationship between evaluation and posttest mood loneliness in social activity conditions, which are face-to-face and computer-mediated communication. Also in these two groups, evaluation to the communication was positively related to how long the communication lasted. Future communication researchers need to further investigate the psychosocial well-being constructs relevant to their studies. More experimental studies are needed for examination about the influence of Internet use on psychological well-being. Researchers should realize the difference of culture and diffusion of the Internet when trying to apply research models in computer-mediated communication to other countries. iv Dedicated to my parents, Hu Dechun and Mu Li v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation, along with the work in the past five years, is definitely a mission impossible without the help from the professors and schoolmates at The Ohio State University, my first stop of the world travel. You make my dream of exploring media come true, a dream that started 10 years ago when I chose journalism, but not law, as my college major. First of all, I want to thank my advisor, Dr. Dan McDonald, for your consistent guidance, help and care. You are always willing to give me a hand whenever needed, although my last name and first name always confuse you. To discuss questions with you in your office is such enjoyable experience of learning. You help me look at communication world from a scholar's view, strengthen my interests in this area, and teach me approaches to think about the nature of media. Moreover, I am grateful to Dr. Don Cegala. You never stop challenging me on my assumptions, propositions, study results, and ways of thinking. Meanwhile, you never leave me alone scratching my head, but work with me, point out directions, and help me resume momentum to conquer those challenges. I remember exactly that afternoon when you spent almost an hour with me editing that small questionnaire to be used in COMM927 term paper, although four and a half years have passed. That moment often vi automatically replays in my mind. I thank Dr. Art Ramirez for opening the window of computer-mediated communication research for me and leading me to a fantastic new world. You are like a tour guide showing me around so many attractions. Your COMM850 class is one of my favorite classes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social use of the internet and loneliness","attachmentId":40867390,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19830130/Social_use_of_the_internet_and_loneliness","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19830130/Social_use_of_the_internet_and_loneliness"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="10379558" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10379558/Does_the_Internet_make_people_socially_isolated_A_social_network_approach">Does the Internet make people socially isolated? A social network approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25529200" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohammadHadi3">Mohammad Hadi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bangladesh …, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present study investigated whether Internet use and type of Internet use are associated with social isolation within Internet users. There have been hopes and fears of the Internet's social impacts since it emerged. Among different social impacts, this paper focuses on the impact of the Internet on people's social connections. The main question of this study is that whether Internet use affects people's social ties? Based on a social network approach, two hypotheses are suggested; Firstly, Internet use will decrease social isolation and secondly, social use of Internet will reduce social isolation. A sample of 204 cybercafé users in Tehran was nominated to participate in the survey. Analyzing the findings, it appeared that the both Internet use and social use of Internet will be slightly associated with reduced level of social isolation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Does the Internet make people socially isolated? A social network approach","attachmentId":47422039,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10379558/Does_the_Internet_make_people_socially_isolated_A_social_network_approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10379558/Does_the_Internet_make_people_socially_isolated_A_social_network_approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="66717867" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66717867/Does_Online_Technology_Make_Us_More_or_Less_Sociable_A_Preliminary_Review_and_Call_for_Research">Does Online Technology Make Us More or Less Sociable? A Preliminary Review and Call for Research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47938" href="https://unc.academia.edu/KurtGray">Kurt Gray</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Perspectives on Psychological Science</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">How does online technology affect sociability? Emerging evidence—much of it inconclusive—suggests a nuanced relationship between use of online technology (the Internet, social media, and virtual reality) and sociability (emotion recognition, empathy, perspective taking, and emotional intelligence). Although online technology can facilitate purely positive behavior (e.g., charitable giving) or purely negative behavior (e.g., cyberbullying), it appears to affect sociability in three ways, depending on whether it allows a deeper understanding of people’s thoughts and feelings: (a) It benefits sociability when it complements already-deep offline engagement with others, (b) it impairs sociability when it supplants deeper offline engagement for superficial online engagement, and (c) it enhances sociability when deep offline engagement is otherwise difficult to attain. We suggest potential implications and moderators of technology’s effects on sociability and call for additional causal res...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Does Online Technology Make Us More or Less Sociable? A Preliminary Review and Call for Research","attachmentId":77801773,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66717867/Does_Online_Technology_Make_Us_More_or_Less_Sociable_A_Preliminary_Review_and_Call_for_Research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66717867/Does_Online_Technology_Make_Us_More_or_Less_Sociable_A_Preliminary_Review_and_Call_for_Research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1030200" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1030200/Social_Interactions_Across_Media_Interpersonal_Communication_on_the_Internet_Telephone_and_Face_To_face">Social Interactions Across Media: Interpersonal Communication on the Internet, Telephone and Face-To-face</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="191626" href="https://microsoft.academia.edu/NancyBaym">Nancy Baym</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Media & Society, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Two studies were conducted in this investigation to compare college students' interpersonal interaction online, face-to-face, and on the telephone. Our first study, a communication diary, assessed the relative amount of social interactions college students conduct via the internet in comparison to face-to-face conversation and telephone calls. Results indicated that the internet was used nearly as often as the telephone, however, face-to-face communication was far more frequent. The second study, a survey, compared reported use of the internet within local and long distance social circles to the use of other media within those circles, and examined participants' most recent significant social interactions conducted online, face-to-face, and on the telephone in terms of purposes, contexts, and quality. Major findings included that online interaction was perceived as high in quality, but slightly lower than telephone calls and face-to-face conversations. Use of the internet was positively correlated with the use of other modes of interpersonal communication. Together, results show that the internet is integrated into social life, but face-to-face remains the dominant mode of interpersonal communication. the School of Communication Studies at Kent State University. Her research focuses on intergenerational communication in cross-cultural contexts, and older people's age identity in language use. Her research draws on theories of social identity, and communication accommodation theory.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social Interactions Across Media: Interpersonal Communication on the Internet, Telephone and Face-To-face","attachmentId":51128602,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1030200/Social_Interactions_Across_Media_Interpersonal_Communication_on_the_Internet_Telephone_and_Face_To_face","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1030200/Social_Interactions_Across_Media_Interpersonal_Communication_on_the_Internet_Telephone_and_Face_To_face"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":5136380,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":5136380,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_5136380" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs"> Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium Human Factors in Telecommunication: User Experience of ICT's (pp. 105-112). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Prentice Hall., 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Impact of the Internet on Adolescents’ Development of Social Relationships and Identity.","attachmentId":3470246,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/589639/The_Impact_of_the_Internet_on_Adolescents_Development_of_Social_Relationships_and_Identity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/589639/The_Impact_of_the_Internet_on_Adolescents_Development_of_Social_Relationships_and_Identity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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