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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Asclepius_and_his_cult" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asclepius_and_his_cult"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Asclepius and his cult</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asclepius_and_his_cult-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asclepieia_temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asclepieia_temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Asclepieia temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asclepieia_temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedures_performed_at_asclepieia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedures_performed_at_asclepieia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Procedures performed at asclepieia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procedures_performed_at_asclepieia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Asclepieia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Asclepieia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of Asclepieia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Asclepieia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asclepieion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="أسكليبيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسكليبيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Асклепион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Асклепион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepi%C3%A8on" title="Asclepièon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Asclepièon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askl%C3%A9pion" title="Asklépion – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Asklépion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepieion" title="Asklepieion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Asklepieion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepieion" title="Asklepieion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Asklepieion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepeion" title="Asclepeion – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asclepeion" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="آسکلپیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسکلپیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascl%C3%A9pi%C3%A9ion" title="Asclépiéion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Asclépiéion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepeion" title="Asclepeion – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asclepeion" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ասկլեպիոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ասկլեպիոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepeion" title="Asclepeion – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Asclepeion" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepieion" title="Asklepieion – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Asklepieion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3" title="アスクレペイオン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスクレペイオン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepiejon" title="Asklepiejon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Asklepiejon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepieia" title="Asclepieia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Asclepieia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Асклепион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Асклепион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Асклепион – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Асклепион" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asklepion" title="Asklepion – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asklepion" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Healing temples located in ancient Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about ancient healing temples. For the municipality of Argolis, see <a href="/wiki/Asklipieio" title="Asklipieio">Asklipieio</a>. For other buildings and structures related to Asclepius, see <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Asclepius_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Temple of Asclepius (disambiguation)">Temple of Asclepius</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kos_Asklepeion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kos_Asklepeion.jpg/250px-Kos_Asklepeion.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kos_Asklepeion.jpg/375px-Kos_Asklepeion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kos_Asklepeion.jpg/500px-Kos_Asklepeion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1453" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>The panoramic view of the city from the Asklepieion on <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Asclepieion</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀσκληπιεῖον</span> <i>Asklepieion</i>; Ἀσκλαπιεῖον in <a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric dialect</a>; <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>aesculapīum</i>), plurally <b>Asclepieia,</b> was a <b>healing temple</b> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> (and in the wider <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> world) that was dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a>, the first doctor-demigod in Greek mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanellou_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanellou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asclepius was said to have been such a skilled doctor that he could even raise people from the dead. Stemming from the myth of his great healing powers, pilgrims would flock to temples built in his honor in order to seek spiritual and physical healing. </p><p>Asclepieia included carefully controlled spaces conducive to healing and fulfilled several of the requirements of institutions created for healing.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment at these temples largely centered around promoting healthy lifestyles, with a particular emphasis on a person's spiritual needs. Characteristic of the Asclepieion was the practice of <i><a href="/wiki/Incubation_(ritual)" title="Incubation (ritual)">incubatio</a></i>, also known as 'temple sleep.' This was a process by which patients would go to sleep in the temple with the expectation that they would be visited by Asclepius himself or one of his healing children in their dream. During this time, they would be told what it is that they needed to do in order to cure their ailment. At the very least, they would wake up having not been directly visited by a deity and instead report their dream to a priest. The priest would then interpret the dream and prescribe a cure, often a visit to the baths or a <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nutton_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nutton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preliminary treatment for admission into the Asclepieia was <a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">catharsis</a>, or purification. It consisted of a series of cleansing baths and purgations, accompanied by a cleansing diet, which lasted several days.<sup id="cite_ref-greekmedicine.net_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greekmedicine.net-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these methods being regarded as ‘<a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">faith healing</a>,’ they were highly effective, as is evident by the numerous written accounts by patients attesting to their healing and providing detailed accounts of their cure. In the Asclepieion of <a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a>, three large marble boards dated to 350 BC preserve the names, case histories, complaints, and cures of about 70 patients who came to the temple with a problem and shed it there. Some of the surgical cures listed, such as the opening of an abdominal abscess or the removal of traumatic foreign material, are realistic enough to have taken place, with the patient in a dream-like state of induced sleep known as "<a href="/wiki/Incubation_(ritual)" title="Incubation (ritual)">enkoimesis</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ἐγκοίμησις</span>), not unlike anesthesia, induced with the help of soporific substances such as opium.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asclepieia also became home to future physicians as well. <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a> is said to have received his medical training at an asclepieion on the isle of <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>. Prior to becoming the personal physician to the Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> treated and studied at the famed asclepieion at <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:758px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view from the Asklepieion on Kos"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg/750px-Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg/1125px-Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg/1500px-Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6926" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Asklepieion_panoramic_view.jpg" title="File:Asklepieion panoramic view.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view from the Asklepieion on <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a></div></div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asclepius_and_his_cult">Asclepius and his cult</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepieion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Asclepius and his cult"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asclepius_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_21325.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Asclepius_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_21325.png/220px-Asclepius_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_21325.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Asclepius_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_21325.png/330px-Asclepius_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_21325.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Asclepius_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_21325.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Asclepius holding the staff with a snake wrapped around it that serves as the inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">symbol of medicine</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>In Greek mythology and religion, <a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a> was the god of medicine – son of the god <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> and mortal <a href="/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)" title="Coronis (mythology)">Coronis</a>. His name was said to means "cut open".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Asclepieion#Dubious" title="Talk:Asclepieion">discuss</a></i>]</sup> It is said that he was so named as a result of his mother's childbirth experience, during which time her womb had to be cut open in order for Asclepius to be born (now known as a <a href="/wiki/Cesarean_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesarean section">cesarean section</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i>Iliad</i>, Asclepius was a man, a physician to soldiers wounded on the battlefield at Troy. But by <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a>' day, he had become elevated to the status of a god.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asclepius’ father Apollo was himself a patron god of medicine. It was through Apollo that <a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a>, the wise and peaceful centaur, learned the art of healing. Under Apollo's mentorship, Chiron grew in his craft so much so that Apollo himself entrusted Chiron to train his son, Asclepius.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanellou_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanellou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his studies, Asclepius became so deft at medicine, especially the art of surgery, that he was able to return the living from the dead. His abilities quickly drew attention and jealousy from the other gods. As one story goes, Asclepius was killed by Zeus at the request of Hades, the god of the underworld, who feared Asclepius was stealing souls away from him.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanellou_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanellou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before his death, however, Asclepius had several children, including: <a href="/wiki/Machaon_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Machaon (physician)">Machaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podalirius" title="Podalirius">Podalirius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hygeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygeia">Hygeia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a>, who themselves were regarded as highly effective healers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanellou_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanellou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting around 350 BC, the cult of <a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a> became increasingly popular. He was admired for serving people despite their class and social status, which was not a common practice by <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Olympians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2022)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Asclepieion#Dubious" title="Talk:Asclepieion">discuss</a></i>]</sup> Doctors claiming to be the direct descendants of Asclepius referred to themselves as “Asclepiads.”<sup id="cite_ref-Kanellou_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanellou-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The symbol of <a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">a snake wrapped around a staff</a>, which is widely used by modern medical institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>, is modelled on the staff that Asclepius carried.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asclepieia_temples">Asclepieia temples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepieion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Asclepieia temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 300 asclepieia have been discovered throughout ancient Greece. Among the most famous of the temples were Trikka, Epidaurus, island of Kos, <a href="/wiki/Asklepieion_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Asklepieion of Athens">Athens</a>, Corinth and Pergamon.<sup id="cite_ref-Twofiftynine_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twofiftynine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These temples were often located in secluded locations surrounded modern spas or mountain sanatoriums. These sanctuaries could attract diverse audiences for various needs other than healing, which makes these spaces more complex than merely healing spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also characteristic of these temples were the presence of dogs and nonvenomous snakes, known as <a href="/wiki/Aesculapian_snake" title="Aesculapian snake">Aesculapian snake</a>, who would frequent the halls and dormitories and who played an important role in healing activities. </p><p>Asclepius may first have been worshipped as a <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">hero</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trikala#Antiquity" title="Trikala">Trikka (modern Trikala)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. Ancient mythographers generally regarded Trikka as the place of Asclepius' birth, but to date archaeological excavations have yet to uncover his sanctuary there.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epidaurus, on the other hand, was the first place to worship Asclepius as a god, beginning sometime in the 5th century BC. The asclepieion at <a href="/wiki/Epidauros" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidauros">Epidaurus</a> is both extensive and well preserved. There is also an asclepieion located on the south slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a> which dates to around 420 BC. </p><p>Located on the <a href="/wiki/Argolid_Peninsula" title="Argolid Peninsula">Argolid plain</a> of the east Peloponnese in Greece, Epidaurus was the main asclepieion. The healing temple was named after Asclepius, the son of Apollo.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Epidaurus, there were various people such as physicians and priests who would assist those who sought a session of healing from these professionals. Patients would come pay homage to the gods by making pilgrimages to the site, performing a prayer or a sacrifice, giving monetary gifts or even sleep at the temple. The Epidaurus also served as a sanctuary for those who were extremely ill. It was eventually expanded to a one hundred eighty-room institution to house the dying and women in labour during the Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedures_performed_at_asclepieia">Procedures performed at asclepieia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepieion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Procedures performed at asclepieia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patients_sleeping_in_the_temple_of_Aesculapius_at_Epidaurus._Wellcome_V0018154.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Patients_sleeping_in_the_temple_of_Aesculapius_at_Epidaurus._Wellcome_V0018154.jpg/200px-Patients_sleeping_in_the_temple_of_Aesculapius_at_Epidaurus._Wellcome_V0018154.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Patients_sleeping_in_the_temple_of_Aesculapius_at_Epidaurus._Wellcome_V0018154.jpg/300px-Patients_sleeping_in_the_temple_of_Aesculapius_at_Epidaurus._Wellcome_V0018154.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Patients_sleeping_in_the_temple_of_Aesculapius_at_Epidaurus._Wellcome_V0018154.jpg/400px-Patients_sleeping_in_the_temple_of_Aesculapius_at_Epidaurus._Wellcome_V0018154.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption><i>Patients sleeping in the temple of Aesculapius at Epidaurus</i> by Ernest Board</figcaption></figure> <p>Signature to asclepian medicine was its holistic approach to patient care.<sup id="cite_ref-nutton_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nutton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It emphasized therapy through the natural environment, hence the carefully chosen locations, as well as care for the patient's psychological and emotional states. By attending to these things, the patient's innate healing mechanisms were activated, which promoted recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-Twofiftynine_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twofiftynine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were two steps in order for a patient to be considered to be treated in the asclepieion. The first of which is the <a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">Katharsis</a> or purification stage. This is when a patient undergoes a series of baths and other methods of purging, such as a clean diet over a series of several days or purging their emotions through art. The patient would then make an offering such as money or a prayer to the temple, therefore to Asclepius. The priest of the temple then gives the patient a prayer in which it would ease the patient's mind and create a more positive outlook for them. </p><p>Afterwards, comes <a href="/wiki/Incubation_(ritual)" title="Incubation (ritual)">incubation</a> or dream therapy. Patients would sleep in the “Abaton” or “Enkoimeterion,” which was a dormitory located in the asclepieion. Here, they would be lulled into a hypnotic state, and begin their dream journey.<sup id="cite_ref-Twofiftynine_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twofiftynine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they slept, they were visited by Asclepius or his daughters Hygeia and Panacea. These dream visitations were prognostic in nature, revealing the projected course of the disease and ultimate patient outcomes. During this time, patients would also discover what it was they needed to do once they woke in order to treat their disease. Upon awakening, the patient would recount their dream to a temple priest, who would then prescribe a treatment based on their interpretation. Other dreams were less direct, and more symbolic. The physician - priests at the Asclepions were also master dream interpreters who would divine the treatment to be followed from the patient's account of the dream. The god Asclepius had certain totem animals in whose guise he liked to visit the supplicants as they slept. These were the dog, the rooster, and of course, the snake.<sup id="cite_ref-greekmedicine.net_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greekmedicine.net-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Asclepieia">List of Asclepieia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepieion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of Asclepieia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Asclepius,_Epidaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Asclepius, Epidaurus">Asclepieion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_of_Asclepius,_Kos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temple of Asclepius, Kos (page does not exist)">Asclepieion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepieion_of_Athens" title="Asclepieion of Athens">Asclepieion of Athens</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">Acropolis</a>, established 419/18 BC</li> <li>Asclepieion of Athens in <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon#Sanctuary_of_Asclepius" title="Pergamon">Sanctuary of Asclepius</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pergamum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pergamum">Pergamum</a>, established early in the third century BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Asclepius,_Rome" title="Temple of Asclepius, Rome">Temple of Asclepius</a> on <a href="/wiki/Tiber_Island" title="Tiber Island">Tiber Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, dedicated in 289 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Asclepius,_Messene" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Asclepius, Messene">Asclepieion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Messene" title="Messene">Messene</a>, established in the third century BC</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepieion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Ancient Greek medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Bethesda" title="Pool of Bethesda">Pool of Bethesda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Eshmun" title="Temple of Eshmun">Temple of Eshmun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepieion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kanellou-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kanellou_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanellou_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanellou_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanellou_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanellou_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKanellou2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kanellou, V (2004). "Ancient Greek medicine as the foundation of contemporary medicine". <i>Techniques in Coloproctology</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 3–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10151-004-0095-z">10.1007/s10151-004-0095-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15655635">15655635</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45271478">45271478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Techniques+in+Coloproctology&rft.atitle=Ancient+Greek+medicine+as+the+foundation+of+contemporary+medicine&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-4&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45271478%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15655635&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10151-004-0095-z&rft.aulast=Kanellou&rft.aufirst=V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisse1990" class="citation book cs1">Risse, G. B. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=htLTvdz5HDEC&q=History+of+Hospital%2BAsclepieion&pg=PA56"><i>Mending bodies, saving souls: a history of hospitals</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199748693" title="Special:BookSources/9780199748693"><bdi>9780199748693</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mending+bodies%2C+saving+souls%3A+a+history+of+hospitals&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780199748693&rft.aulast=Risse&rft.aufirst=G.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhtLTvdz5HDEC%26q%3DHistory%2Bof%2BHospital%252BAsclepieion%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nutton-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nutton_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nutton_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For a full description of how healing was performed at the Asclepieion, see Vivien Nutton, <i>Ancient Medicine</i>, 109-110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greekmedicine.net-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greekmedicine.net_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greekmedicine.net_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekmedicine.net/mythology/asclepions.html">"Greek Mythology: The Asclepions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+Mythology%3A+The+Asclepions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greekmedicine.net%2Fmythology%2Fasclepions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAskitopoulouKonsolakiRamoutsakiAnastassaki2002" class="citation journal cs1">Askitopoulou, Helen; Konsolaki, Eleni; Ramoutsaki, Ioanna A.; Anastassaki, Maria (2002). "Surgical cures under sleep induction in the Asclepieion of Epidauros". <i>International Congress Series</i>. <b>1242</b>: 11–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0531-5131%2802%2900717-3">10.1016/S0531-5131(02)00717-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Congress+Series&rft.atitle=Surgical+cures+under+sleep+induction+in+the+Asclepieion+of+Epidauros&rft.volume=1242&rft.pages=11-17&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0531-5131%2802%2900717-3&rft.aulast=Askitopoulou&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Konsolaki%2C+Eleni&rft.au=Ramoutsaki%2C+Ioanna+A.&rft.au=Anastassaki%2C+Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtsma" class="citation web cs1">Atsma, Aaron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/Asklepios.html">"ASCLEPIUS: Greek God of Medicine & Doctors | Mythology"</a>. <i>theoi.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theoi.com&rft.atitle=ASCLEPIUS%3A+Greek+God+of+Medicine+%26+Doctors+%7C+Mythology&rft.aulast=Atsma&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FOuranios%2FAsklepios.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekmedicine.net/mythology/asclepius.html">"Greek Mythology: Asclepius"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+Mythology%3A+Asclepius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greekmedicine.net%2Fmythology%2Fasclepius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2007" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, D.B. (2007). "Un-forgetting Asclepius: An Erotics of Illness". <i>New Literary History</i>. <b>38</b> (3): 419–441. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fnlh.2007.0036">10.1353/nlh.2007.0036</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170262872">170262872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Literary+History&rft.atitle=Un-forgetting+Asclepius%3A+An+Erotics+of+Illness&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=419-441&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fnlh.2007.0036&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170262872%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=D.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_asclepius.html">"Greek Medicine - Asclepius"</a>. <i>nlm.nih.gov</i>. US National Library of Medicine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nlm.nih.gov&rft.atitle=Greek+Medicine+-+Asclepius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fhmd%2Fgreek%2Fgreek_asclepius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Twofiftynine-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Twofiftynine_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Twofiftynine_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Twofiftynine_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopoulou-AletraTogiaVarlami2010" class="citation journal cs1">Christopoulou-Aletra, H.; Togia, A.; Varlami, C. (2010). "The "smart" Asclepieion: A total healing environment". <i>Archives of Hellenic Medicine</i>. <b>27</b> (2): 259–263.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Hellenic+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+%22smart%22+Asclepieion%3A+A+total+healing+environment&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=259-263&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christopoulou-Aletra&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Togia%2C+A.&rft.au=Varlami%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://complexasklepieia.org/">"complex asklepieia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=complex+asklepieia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomplexasklepieia.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edelstein, E. J. and L. L. Edelstein. <i>Asclepius: a collection and interpretation of the testimonies</i>. 2 vols. The Publications of the Institute of the History of Medicine. (Baltimore, 1945): 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelfi2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Melfi, M. (2007). "I santuari di Asclepio in Grecia". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studia_Archaeologica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studia Archaeologica (page does not exist)">Studia Archaeologica</a></i> (in Italian). <b>157</b>: 511.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Archaeologica&rft.atitle=I+santuari+di+Asclepio+in+Grecia&rft.volume=157&rft.pages=511&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Melfi&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/epidaurus">"Epidaurus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-26</span></span> – via ancient.eu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Epidaurus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Fepidaurus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsclepieion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asclepieion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Temples_of_Asclepius" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Temples of Asclepius">Temples of Asclepius</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721075458/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/1/eh151.jsp?obj_id=2395">Ministry of Culture/ Asclepieion of Epidaurus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429152423/http://pautaliya-asklepion.free.bg/">Asclepieion of Pautaliya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081230101059/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/eh352.jsp?obj_id=2611">Ministry of Culture/ Asclepion of Trikala</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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