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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_(1878)" title="معاهدة برلين (1878) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاهدة برلين (1878)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_m%C3%BCqavil%C9%99si_(1878)" title="Berlin müqaviləsi (1878) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Berlin müqaviləsi (1878)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Берлински договор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Берлински договор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinski_sporazum_(1878)" title="Berlinski sporazum (1878) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Berlinski sporazum (1878)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractat_de_Berl%C3%ADn_(1878)" title="Tractat de Berlín (1878) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tractat de Berlín (1878)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_smlouva_(1878)" title="Berlínská smlouva (1878) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Berlínská smlouva (1878)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin-traktaten_(1878)" title="Berlin-traktaten (1878) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Berlin-traktaten (1878)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_Vertrag_von_1878" title="Berliner Vertrag von 1878 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Berliner Vertrag von 1878" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliini_leping_(1878)" title="Berliini leping (1878) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Berliini leping (1878)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_(1878)" title="Συνθήκη του Βερολίνου (1878) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνθήκη του Βερολίνου (1878)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878) – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Berl%C3%ADn_(1878)" title="Tratado de Berlín (1878) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado de Berlín (1878)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_(%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B8)" title="پیمان برلین (۱۸۷۸) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیمان برلین (۱۸۷۸)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Berlin_(1878)" title="Traité de Berlin (1878) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traité de Berlin (1878)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%BC%EB%A6%B0_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD_(1878%EB%85%84)" title="베를린 조약 (1878년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베를린 조약 (1878년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80_(1878)" title="Բեռլինի պայմանագիր (1878) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեռլինի պայմանագիր (1878)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="बर्लिन की संधि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बर्लिन की संधि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktat_Berlin_(1878)" title="Traktat Berlin (1878) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Traktat Berlin (1878)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_di_Berlino_(1878)" title="Trattato di Berlino (1878) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattato di Berlino (1878)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_(1878)" title="ბერლინის ხელშეკრულება (1878) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერლინის ხელშეკრულება (1878)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlini_szerz%C5%91d%C3%A9s" title="Berlini szerződés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Berlini szerződés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Македонија и Берлинскиот конгрес – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Македонија и Берлинскиот конгрес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrede_van_Berlijn_(1878)" title="Vrede van Berlijn (1878) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrede van Berlijn (1878)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84_(1878%E5%B9%B4)" title="ベルリン条約 (1878年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベルリン条約 (1878年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktaten_i_Berlin,_1878" title="Traktaten i Berlin, 1878 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Traktaten i Berlin, 1878" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktat_berli%C5%84ski_(1878)" title="Traktat berliński (1878) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Traktat berliński (1878)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Berlim_(1878)" title="Tratado de Berlim (1878) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado de Berlim (1878)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Berlin_(1878)" title="Tratatul de la Berlin (1878) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tratatul de la Berlin (1878)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Берлинский трактат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берлинский трактат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktati_i_Berlinit_(1878)" title="Traktati i Berlinit (1878) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Traktati i Berlinit (1878)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl%C3%ADnska_zmluva" title="Berlínska zmluva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Berlínska zmluva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinski_sporazum_(1878)" title="Berlinski sporazum (1878) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Berlinski sporazum (1878)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC_(1878)" title="Берлински споразум (1878) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Берлински споразум (1878)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1878)" title="สนธิสัญญาเบอร์ลิน (ค.ศ. 1878) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สนธิสัญญาเบอร์ลิน (ค.ศ. 1878)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_(1878)" title="Berlin Antlaşması (1878) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Berlin Antlaşması (1878)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Берлінський трактат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Берлінський трактат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AF%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86_(1878%D8%A1)" title="معاہدہ برلن (1878ء) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاہدہ برلن (1878ء)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%E5%B9%B4%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="1878年柏林條約 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1878年柏林條約" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048169#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthEast_Europe_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SouthEast_Europe_1878.jpg/300px-SouthEast_Europe_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SouthEast_Europe_1878.jpg/450px-SouthEast_Europe_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SouthEast_Europe_1878.jpg/600px-SouthEast_Europe_1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1739" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Europe after the Congress of Berlin.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Treaty of Berlin</b> was a part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congress of Berlin (not yet started)">Congress of Berlin</a> (June 13-July 13, 1878). In it, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> wrote the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_San_Stefano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of San Stefano (not yet started)">Treaty of San Stefano</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problems">Problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Problems" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Problems"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Bulgaria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bulgaria"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most important problem in the treaty was deciding what would happen to the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Russia insisted that Bulgaria should not be mentioned in the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Treaty of San Stefano had created a huge Bulgarian state, which was just what the United Kings and Austria-Hungary did not want since Russia would become too powerful.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Independence" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Independence"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The treaty stated that <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> were to become <a href="/wiki/Independent" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent">independent</a>. The Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a> was to be occupied by <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>. </p><p>The three newly-independent states soon declared themselves to be <a href="/wiki/Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdoms">kingdoms</a> (Romania in 1881, Serbia in 1882 and Montenegro in 1910). Austria-Hungary officially took over <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a> in 1908, which caused a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_crisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosnian crisis (not yet started)">major European crisis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKrasner1999" class="citation book cs1">Krasner, Stephen D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TkrfTZlyUogC&dq=069100711X&pg=PA81"><i>Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/069100711X" title="Special:BookSources/069100711X"><bdi>069100711X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sovereignty%3A+Organized+Hypocrisy&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=069100711X&rft.aulast=Krasner&rft.aufirst=Stephen+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTkrfTZlyUogC%26dq%3D069100711X%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Berlin+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krasner, p.165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCrampton2005" class="citation book cs1">Crampton, R. J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eH1MSHM1hLUC&q=A+Concise+History+of+Bulgaria"><i>A Concise History of Bulgaria</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521850851" title="Special:BookSources/0521850851"><bdi>0521850851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Bulgaria&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0521850851&rft.aulast=Crampton&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeH1MSHM1hLUC%26q%3DA%2BConcise%2BHistory%2Bof%2BBulgaria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Berlin+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&oldid=9740656">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)&oldid=9740656</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1878_in_Europe" title="Category:1878 in Europe">1878 in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1870s_in_France" title="Category:1870s in France">1870s in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1870s_in_Germany" title="Category:1870s in Germany">1870s in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_Italy" title="Category:19th century in Italy">19th century in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1870s_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:1870s in the United Kingdom">1870s in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:19th century in the Ottoman Empire">19th century in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_treaties" title="Category:19th-century treaties">19th-century treaties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_Berlin" title="Category:19th century in Berlin">19th century in Berlin</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 31 August 2024, at 13:07.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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