CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133bcaefe424cd1',cH: '5n4fa6DBxJkXfFUqFir3bdsLdcaD2kovLrUcSLn0YZs-1739773913-1.2.1.1-LNgI5vk.myoaW4seMvCs8Y.xvsUV9HWAK_izobhmJptiB_Ny7TkaRqVeladMUgBC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=organisational%20development&__cf_chl_tk=Os9x9FGeQvD72DHUol2Lz8mS7Bf9DBXLYB1OlxyTimg-1739773913-1.0.1.1-oiWTmNQnaIb5N5TGrUyA0xdJbBNSJhrL5uwo2icZiK8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739773913',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=organisational%20development&__cf_chl_f_tk=Os9x9FGeQvD72DHUol2Lz8mS7Bf9DBXLYB1OlxyTimg-1739773913-1.0.1.1-oiWTmNQnaIb5N5TGrUyA0xdJbBNSJhrL5uwo2icZiK8",md: "_2GLasBQhxwh8HiIt8BOvNUXg3RZDOvwZdGhG9KgttQ-1739773913-1.2.1.1-RTiruV67_Vm5eyk2OtHaMSuilLrZJfV4zyX6wUlfp5aG52gPlDrhcpa0.ub5gG7b9b1nq2f0bSQI6oWXvTufzX3qGDYsIeWxTy51L4NL7UfE4IE02OcA9y6pmw3K3iJzieA.wAwIY7V1BGAQsN7c0HYxFfQc1WaW3JNPZo9Yccmk.zj31IgcbAIAFgJY7gz6WyzGQtUNTf6H4_ZW4vZc7DjzyTehA.PGvJUswHyoRscM64_3K298uVtGEhrX9fO3nUSi9B.F_f8WglW.S54lpRZaiIxIFCwjW8YfphOEuxW9Tb9O68Rf8iHGb0.t.GOMWS4N8DZdyYELG8wg35KC0j5VGsUpLTn.PVL7A88rP7NuU9f6ONTkYdptBtWWNgDYpTBJDJnlOlzQDYyWuX6Gq6kcvhiJSC0HdrqbndYToleGKZlm2AL.vTeqB9qeKVICB08E6ahHBGx8Bh9xjA0Ya2hTGa358G0FDTvYf3yqWt_e60OEZUmr1mkWbhlJgRF.TXeka0DNx2iuqFaTDB.OL3Oqn41Ty5v2yrrPZj0FcIKl4tKnTi_R736LqekwftrYa1rpVVFpH90CS.Nin5skDTb_wDDePXCrJ7Ov3p_h._.u5Fv_uBkXeUt7LmPBhgOjtLaveo5eidxHAmMtvBh2Kn0SO5PSufeTF5gJVje14AlNH9CgD_dDf1sg2cLh7k587Txnm6c50HG18ruvOLTyB_VQ3n.vZR73T0roPx0whlns57EfBJA0qTUtTxj5rLk1CsVzxQNpEsuJtphW5wRd1vHtRFQ2lfsw2OXOz9pLvXhJzLFzX0Bst.zf_J40QBkDrlnaK.hwrLIftSJ__QPRRvUqXiYGoHBKsimhujQY8OzuAhZH5.EhVrVbT.q2t.mGEI.ICqCLbEPhyf5fP5JWT3sNn8Ahhdj_ol93TYwlQmf88IfWrlBdozj022jzRa6DXJ_1uXtHhIC47MLNXVfQKakhlG0CFUumzlMIQqctUP0EIuDL08XORwgis7QA03HjjqYmXzybsXPHDFFVorkw5A6Of6duxQ0jnX4gPglFj.dqv60TdX5py_XenH3nxLq2qzm.HpheDIO5ilQ7DTheWIJYWEwoLlewWNeNj4Q1gnly4sO7Mc.wsE161yJFvgpy_4KawHi14LP7svq2HAckNRDwjb61dt74QrjObbATQEgpgfIyJTaO0rNQZ7veaebHNQIE0lJK1jbYKfV._Y0TA1AL9KOINg8NX4ISS51PaJAp_DPiG05t0xOHJ1qbhMstCzU31._TzCFKgSjeZCpc1EEIVUf85eaZehKhiSpYm0LtqgHbB1A8HB2Y5O9TuPyAuaQR090fOv2ajnrNx2x7V4mf_YIOm1gEQzzWlL7CfeWu1juPdUBWlus6rJCXbE9bmTEr2h76yN7RKwxgUwEU6Doh2B5zeYafSP0KY3cTjt9pRuU2ulNjERhj636bv7Fm0B6RzgFJVuKDloDQJ5uoMIk8_SJMC68IerOELsrBX3z90m_vLzL3B6gtSKWZkPRwinkAC1SL88tyZ.NVSFmxQtlA.Wu1P5lhZWcSXymmF.KEMAcr_21yZlNmw771JAcleSAq389vpxgONLP_uSFLbtagkELq9ID6sJ.TjhCocue5u0GMW.mu.Z.1xjA4N2U8eHVZT291JoUaSGOvmjWu_eFvsVpyl3gC1z2T_ydnVI_5MLdcbksJFPeUuzTJz7mdPOr6p1wN2VxESROVlCDq2Qb8jxKknWkXgTYc7DaZjt5Bbtgxi2h5KgJGOLqXrYQ.KGedFSmZttDuUowZYCfYR4R_gomHzwcUosgLHplX56W_gQh3fPu.Mg7k0w4tgFETq9yVEeDcJQOevNu7RTgr70PtVkBxFDxTGNY.3llqeMysnvaEdaE6STti7fWW2HNy3x.6XqCGHx2EuCekk6UzLr2E7BBFLY3wAa96wsIj4QVuE_p7mI6gIT3XzCSdralc",mdrd: "940tt.hYRREmWCALInduyF2LYdXEX2v6PUroueHbLJk-1739773913-1.2.1.1-0aCnVIxVA8kAtj0v22w8J9LacVPAiVlldBFR9gk7GDdl_Owm31GJHjVl2kaUOlmjMN1wd5M9gXzdqSmEmcp9myyZe22LFt0EPsICEOizkIrUITKykjtpyr7g3k1E9_Q44FVcW3vLQWESNAwOWuZ.hUzu9tGYmqCywy8RIoj8UIe.mUlnCI_suLqaTTMq1ZdBck00cJNA07t73NgX_kc9iUrxeI_ZqTKj9u56DM3shgwIrGtB9SYovygpH9Uro7SwRsaytjx87q4qPpaNfYKuRhA9SVulURrqn6V32vx7gRN55G1aC9OUFmFls1iAp0cgLorm54JJEdxtoL1qsHOMvuAaQc5egcmGx.Vw3oLHf5Ld_RoZy7m7EiCvCMCd1QBvAxq3DXkwwXzu6CF_KZhsQH9iHkzmK1DzvmgwNIZKmUJYxETAFgHdh.A.Kl3wGhofMT54AAwUWf1y8Y1mALDU8jnp1GvFOwmJq.ssFaCRnGkeO9Fyd4Ps49Wn8z4kt08gUtdC0x6Gh4wOLzD9btlGyVCnuOKsNhQ6RF6mwIcpB_cQICngZj.xKzcWfUq8qBr62sxc9o6zmNCLtskFdBpoYF6wUKk2Eeekt_Rw3kMOWY5eaoBPANXXQ3o6T351GS2gXwlbeXolODzENjvZmDSduQ8vDzm8S0vaqE42SIK87ZTYEeLaVU.WU3nJJeT0qxev0ST9CzH82m7uMfPbCyNfM.8x0Vfm3f14eyAUB9DYG6ydiXOzH_Tv2yg.qmygyHTnskAdcUGkjkA6NOb37.ZkJ7r1PEXDXztr7OD3XInLhT.3KSNad_U1mjv19yM5GgNCbrHooY8F1mwc2DL2cahiDckgZbFNetNa2Uf4McST9kULWvL4ypkzXhxUwGWCZYP3lOIlxcXMLdJ1bVviRdfvQC5UkmG0M6RKudI9vZuf2u5XGon08XKQJGa1L74V2mOYEjDx0copoE5xgANliOY6qgzNx6Z0UFXcRlDmA1gOEdxwS6Xnq0QsbEVzoOxpWQf2AyO7Vy8vc0jKzZNdKdgVzMyC7mXAeucHqTI6QJUmZkszIcBXVs3B_.1c_.rkEhT0goWlfAEmNndWTuzMAdPrS7JCyA8hBRHrzoFA_hfdfs9Qrp8Gdcus80n2X79.lUv8LQKX3jT.siqwSmsQulSBKf.to5hWEJ7Aa9aGHo1lHfxYKUKnjMd3odtL83SyMOEiU6bBF.XON7OkqT99YVJB6iHTnSmWcMnn7AxDrxSiD5DKf7CQyDJwpIsJXtN1DNgWFgJ6SNkkHdRoIHd1W66Eg_QIHzMm1QIHGTWKte._9poBdnKpjD___FdfN1vTGdka1.IbzyqnXIhKmZHSlsdXOxmd6BqHfJyZQW5gC7iqDGywK0ENRhwhp9ga8En0VkaS0zxr2myNIQ2fPfP5kh.0WD5ktU_pD7gOjWUhlmstddto8OuEtZ1olp0HsgTlX.dT3PiV348ARzNsgmAWjudhPRZ.pRPOm1odMKcT0ujDwAkeJouTrvBCR6hCyXjXHWMUY1cscz_1qk50c51cfqyRLWQ9hc0vcvUEI.NC.SNL7gBVehpeyI99wUhWJD3XtQ5bLDnm0SW9cGroM0_VLOApMjiGewFk05bUir_3l9IQkn18HYwJyxgSDIuPDxHFS5_d7csZNsboi96hk03deD_vDKMMdBQ8dgQnVQK.gT8B4vJcWp4.7dRmRnG1qux4P.TVsEosUmWwYk0_4aqept1cKa9Xz8RIlRtjiZ65Cg_7Khr8j.Yw74ZuPAsepkVANhNQ6ModVA5wmQ3.Of.Ii4L9Fu3g1NbkZOXlDroRKZ5neYBiabJ_R72rBwDLbU_QtyuirciWZlNPKVsOM1Y_qZro9eBoH9IW9zwTFd73hX3ML53yGQCDnFJWc2Sbgsva9Egxx9l0UIcizayq5GAGEBpe..qsI4Kk81N5pxTAG_oO3X7QtNq56i.g5rV3L6tyS2d1cxzgUbWew8uuuWfk_4hn1w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133bcaefe424cd1';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=organisational%20development&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Os9x9FGeQvD72DHUol2Lz8mS7Bf9DBXLYB1OlxyTimg-1739773913-1.0.1.1-oiWTmNQnaIb5N5TGrUyA0xdJbBNSJhrL5uwo2icZiK8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>