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<span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Accession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahmud's_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahmud's_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mahmud's rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahmud's_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fires_of_1750" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fires_of_1750"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fires of 1750</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fires_of_1750-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_the_Mughal_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_the_Mughal_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relations with the Mughal Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_the_Mughal_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Safavid_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Safavid_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relations with Safavid Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Safavid_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahmud I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoed_I" title="Mahmoed I – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mahmoed I" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="محمود الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمود الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Mahmud" title="I Mahmud – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Mahmud" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C)" title="بیرینجی محمود (عثمانلی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی محمود (عثمانلی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6" title="প্রথম মাহমুদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম মাহমুদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_1-s%C3%A8" title="Mahmud 1-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mahmud 1-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_I" title="Махмуд I – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Махмуд I" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_I" title="Махмуд I – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Махмуд I" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_I" title="Махмуд I – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Махмуд I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Ia%C3%B1" title="Mahmut Iañ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mahmut Iañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_I" title="Mahmut I – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahmut I" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I." title="Mahmud I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mahmud I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I." title="Mahmud I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mahmud I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84_%CE%91%CE%84" title="Μαχμούτ Α΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαχμούτ Α΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_la_1-a" title="Mahmud la 1-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mahmud la 1-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I.a" title="Mahmud I.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahmud I.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="محمود یکم، سلطان امپراتوری عثمانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمود یکم، سلطان امپراتوری عثمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ier" title="Mahmoud Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahmoud Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%9D%90%EB%AC%B4%ED%8A%B8_1%EC%84%B8" title="마흐무트 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마흐무트 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4_I" title="Մահմուդ I – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մահմուդ I" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE" title="महमूद प्रथम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महमूद प्रथम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I." title="Mahmud I. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mahmud I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מהמוט הראשון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהמוט הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93_I" title="მაჰმუდ I – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰმუდ I" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%82" title="I Махмұт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="I Махмұт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmudus_I_(sultanus_Ottomanicus)" title="Mahmudus I (sultanus Ottomanicus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahmudus I (sultanus Ottomanicus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmuds_I" title="Mahmuds I – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mahmuds I" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Mahmud_oszm%C3%A1n_szult%C3%A1n" title="I. Mahmud oszmán szultán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Mahmud oszmán szultán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_I" title="Махмуд I – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Махмуд I" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="محمود الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمود الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="محمود اول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="محمود اول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_I" title="Mahmut I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mahmut I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%95%E3%83%A0%E3%83%881%E4%B8%96" title="マフムト1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マフムト1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_I" title="محمود I – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمود I" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamude_I" title="Mamude I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mamude I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_I" title="Махмуд I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Махмуд I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmuti_I" title="Mahmuti I – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mahmuti I" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I." title="Mahmud I. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mahmud I." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I." title="Mahmud I. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mahmud I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="مەحموودی یەکەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەحموودی یەکەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_I" title="Махмуд I – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Махмуд I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%85%D0%BC%D2%AF%D0%B4_I" title="Мәхмүд I – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәхмүд I" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="สุลต่านมาห์มุดที่ 1 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สุลต่านมาห์มุดที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Mahmud" title="I. Mahmud – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Mahmud" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_I" title="Махмуд I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Махмуд I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="محمود اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمود اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%8C%82%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="马哈茂德一世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马哈茂德一世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%88%E8%8C%82%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="馬哈茂德一世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬哈茂德一世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mahmud I" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%8C%82%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="马哈茂德一世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马哈茂德一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199481#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mahmud+I%22">"Mahmud I"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mahmud+I%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mahmud+I%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mahmud+I%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mahmud+I%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mahmud+I%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mahmud I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman Caliph</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a><br />Sultan of the two lands, Khagan of the two seas<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg/220px-Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg/330px-Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg/440px-Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4830" data-file-height="6290" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour" title="Jean Baptiste Vanmour">Jean Baptiste Vanmour</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">Padishah</a>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1730 – <span class="nowrap">13 December 1754</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">2 August 1696<br /><a href="/wiki/Edirne_Palace" title="Edirne Palace">Edirne Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 December 1754<span style="display:none">(1754-12-13)</span> (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace" title="Topkapı Palace">Topkapı Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, Ottoman Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Turhan_Sultan" title="Tomb of Turhan Sultan">Tomb of Turhan Sultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mosque_(Istanbul)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mosque (Istanbul)">New Mosque</a>, Istanbul, Turkey</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consorts</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Ayşe Kadın</li> <li>Hatem Kadın</li> <li>Alicenab Kadın</li> <li>Verdinaz Kadın</li> <li>Hatice Rami Kadın</li> <li>Tiryal Kadın</li> <li>Raziye Kadın</li> <li>Meyyase Hanim</li> <li>Fehmi Hanim</li> <li>Sirri Hanim</li> <li>Habbabe Hanim</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Mahmud bin Mustafa</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saliha_Sultan_(mother_of_Mahmud_I)" title="Saliha Sultan (mother of Mahmud I)">Saliha Sultan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mahmud I's signature"><img alt="Mahmud I's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG/125px-Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG/188px-Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG/250px-Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="301" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mahmud I</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">محمود اول</span>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">I. Mahmud</i>; 2 August 1696  –  13 December 1754), known as <b>Mahmud the Hunchback</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of the Ottoman Empire">sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a> from 1730 to 1754. He took over the throne after the quelling of the <a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrona Halil rebellion">Patrona Halil rebellion</a>. His reign was marked by wars in Persia and <a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian-Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735–1739)">conflicts in Europe</a>. He delegated government affairs to his viziers and devoted time to writing poetry. <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah%27s_invasion_of_India" title="Nader Shah's invasion of India">devastating campaign</a> weakened the Mughal Empire and created the opportunity for Mahmud I to <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Persian_War_(1743%E2%80%931746)" title="Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746)">initiate war</a> with cooperation from <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a>. The alliance ended with the latter's death, leading to tensions between the Afsharids and the Ottomans. In 1748, he outlawed <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FitIW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitIW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born at <a href="/wiki/Edirne_Palace" title="Edirne Palace">Edirne Palace</a> on 2 August 1696, the son of <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a> (1664–1703); his mother was <a href="/wiki/Saliha_Sultan_(mother_of_Mahmud_I)" title="Saliha Sultan (mother of Mahmud I)">Saliha</a> <a href="/wiki/Valide_sultan" title="Valide sultan">Valide sultan</a>. Mahmud I was the older half-brother of <a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a> (1754–57). He developed a <a href="/wiki/Kyphosis" title="Kyphosis">humped back</a>. </p><p>His father Mustafa II mostly lived in Edirne. Mahmud passed his childhood in Edirne. On 18 May 1702 he started his education in Edirne. When his father deposed himself from the throne he was brought to Istanbul and locked up in <a href="/wiki/Kafes" title="Kafes">Kafes</a> where he spent 27 years of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015309_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015309-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not known what kind of culture he acquired during this time, since he continued to play chess, write poetry, and deal with music. In addition for childhood and youth, there were dangers,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> especially for the Kafes life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015309_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015309-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accession">Accession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Accession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 September 1730, <a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil" title="Patrona Halil">Patrona Halil</a> with a small group of fellow <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissaries</a> aroused some of the citizens of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> who opposed the reforms of <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaws_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaws-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweeping up more soldiers Halil led the riot to the <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace" title="Topkapı Palace">Topkapı Palace</a> and demanded the death of the grand vizer, <a href="/wiki/Nev%C5%9Fehirli_Damat_%C4%B0brahim_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha">Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha</a> and the abdication of Ahmed III. Ahmed III acceded to the demands, had İbrahim Pasha strangled, and agreed to his nephew, Mahmud, becoming sultan.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaws_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaws-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahmud's real reign began on 25 November 1730, after this incident. First of all, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> was taken under strict control. Measures were taken. About two thousand suspicious people were captured, some were executed, some were exiled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015311_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015311-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahmud's_rule"><span id="Mahmud.27s_rule"></span>Mahmud's rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mahmud's rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahmud I was recognized as sultan by the mutineers as well as by court officials but for some weeks after his accession the empire was in the hands of the insurgents. Halil rode with the new sultan to the <a href="/wiki/Ey%C3%BCp_Sultan_Mosque" title="Eyüp Sultan Mosque">Mosque of Eyüb</a> where the ceremony of girding Mahmud I with the <a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Osman" title="Sword of Osman">Sword of Osman</a> was performed; many of the chief officers were deposed and successors to them appointed at the dictation of the bold rebel who had served in the ranks of the Janissaries and who appeared before the sultan bare-legged and in his old uniform of a common soldier. A Greek butcher, named Yanaki, had formerly given credit to Halil and had lent him money during the three days of the insurrection. Halil showed his gratitude by compelling the Divan to make Yanaki <a href="/wiki/Hospodar" title="Hospodar">Hospodar</a> of Moldavia. However, Yanaki never took charge of this office. </p><p>The Khan of the Crimea assisted the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Agha_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha (Ottoman Empire)">Aga</a> of the Janissaries in putting down the rebellion. On 24 November 1731, Halil was strangled by the sultan's order<sup id="cite_ref-Shaws_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaws-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in his presence, after a Divan in which Halil had dictated that war be declared against Russia. His Greek friend, Yanaki, and 7,000 of those who had supported him were also put to death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The jealousy which the officers of the Janissaries felt towards Halil, and their readiness to aid in his destruction, facilitated the exertions of Mahmud I's supporters in putting an end to the rebellion after it had lasted over a year. </p><p>The Austrian ambassador, who came to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> in August 1740, was given a <a href="/wiki/Feast" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast">dinner</a> in Davudpaşa. Çavuşbaşı took the ambassador and took him to his mansion prepared in Beyoğlu. On the day of the Ulufe Court, he presented his name to the Sultan. Various demonstrations were held in places where welcome and farewell ceremonies were held for the ambassador from Yeniköy Pier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015316_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015316-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rest of Mahmud I's reign was dominated by wars in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Persian_War_(1730%E2%80%931735)" title="Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)">collapsing Safavid dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman-Persian_War_(1743-1746)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman-Persian War (1743-1746)">ascendance of</a> Nader Shah. Mahmud also faced a notable war in Europe—the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian-Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735–1739)">Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735–1739)</a>. </p><p>After the condemnation of Freemasonry by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XII" title="Pope Clement XII">Pope Clement XII</a> in 1738, he followed suit outlawing the organization and since that time Freemasonry was equated with <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and the broader Islamic world.<sup id="cite_ref-FitIW_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitIW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahmud I entrusted government to his <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">viziers</a> and spent much of his time composing poetry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fires_of_1750">Fires of 1750</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fires of 1750"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fire that started at the Ayazma gate in January 1750 lasted for 19 hours. Numerous shops, houses, and mansions burned until the fire reached <a href="/wiki/Vefa" title="Vefa">Vefa</a> district. The sultan dismissed Boynueğri Abdullah Pasha and appointed Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha on 9 January 1750. In the second fire that broke out on 31 March 1750, Bitpazan, Abacılar, Yorgancılar, Yağlıkcılar, Haffaflar were completely burned. The fire spread to Fingerkapi and Tatlikuyu. The sultan, with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Defterdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Defterdar">treasury</a>, repaired the burned down areas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015321_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015321-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahmud I started construction of the Cağaloğlu Bath, called Yeni Hamam, in the spring of 1740 on the site of Cağaloğlu Palace, which covers a large area. Foundation houses were built on the remaining empty lands and a neighborhood was established. The sultan opened the one in the courtyard of the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagia Sophia Mosque">Hagia Sophia Mosque</a>, the first of the three libraries it established in Istanbul, with a ceremony and made 4,000 volumes. In the library, Sahih-i Buharf reading of ten inhabitants every day was one of the conditions of the foundation. Mahmud also came to the Rosary Gate of Hagia Sophia several times, sat in the library and listened to the commentary of <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">tafsir</a>. The famine, which appeared due to the heavy winter, became increasingly heavier at the end of spring.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015315_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015315-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_the_Mughal_Empire">Relations with the Mughal Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relations with the Mughal Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a>'s devastating campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, created a void in the western frontiers of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, which was effectively exploited by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> Mahmud I, who initiated the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Persian_War_(1743%E2%80%9346)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Persian War (1743–46)">Ottoman–Persian War (1743–46)</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Emperor">Mughal Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a> closely cooperated with the Ottomans and their ambassador Haji Yusuf Agha, these relations between the two empires continued until Muhammad Shah's death in 1748.<sup id="cite_ref-Mughal-Ottoman_relations_Muhammed_Shah_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mughal-Ottoman_relations_Muhammed_Shah-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_Safavid_Empire">Relations with Safavid Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relations with Safavid Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1741, the ambassador of Nadir Shah from Iran government, Hacı Han, came to Istanbul with 3,000 people and his guards unit to prolong the peace between them. Among his gifts were fabrics embroidered with jewels, ten elephants, and valuable weapons. Hacı Han was given a banquet in Fener Bahçesin. It was also a problem to pass the elephants brought by hand to Istanbul, and wide shakes were laid on the barges, so wooden curtains were laid around them so that elephants could not be scared.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015317_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015317-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relations between the <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Afsharid Empire">Afsharid Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> became increasingly tense, reached a new dimension in February 1743, and Shah Safi, who was one of Shah Hussein's princes and held hostage on <a href="/wiki/Chios_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Chios Island">Chios Island</a>, was condemned and led to Nader Shah's inability to complete. He was sent to the Afsharid border with the troops that joined him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015318_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015318-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahmud I who was disturbed by <a href="/wiki/Fistula" title="Fistula">fistula</a> and during the harsh winter his health declined day by day. On Friday, 13 December 1754 he went for attending the Friday prayer. After attending the prayer he went back to his palace but in the journey he collapsed on his horse and died on the same day and was buried in his great-grandmother <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Turhan_Sultan" title="Tomb of Turhan Sultan">Turhan Sultan Mausoleum</a> in New Mosque, at Eminönü, in Istanbul, Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015323_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015323-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are eleven known consorts of Mahmud I, but he had no children by any of them (just as his heir, his younger half-brother <a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a>, who also remained childless), despite a reign of twenty-four years. This is why Sakaoğlu, a Turkish historian, speculates that Mahmud may have been castrated during his years of imprisonment in <a href="/wiki/Kafes" title="Kafes">Kafes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008454_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008454-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The known consorts of Mahmud I are:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Hace Ayşe Kadın. <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1n_(title)" title="Kadın (title)">BaşKadin</a> (first consort) until her death.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She built a school in Çörekçikapısı, near the <a href="/wiki/Fatih_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatih Mosque">Fatih Mosque</a>. The name <i>Hace</i> indicated that she had made the pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> by proxy. She died in 1746.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008451_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008451-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hatem Kadın. BaşKadin from the death of Ayşe Kadın in 1746 until the death of Mahmud I in 1754.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in 1769 and was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Ayazma_Mosque" title="Ayazma Mosque">Ayazma mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar" title="Üsküdar">Üsküdar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hace Alicenab Kadın.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She built schools and fountains in the Fatih neighborhood. The name <i>Hace</i> indicated that she had made the pilgrimage to Mecca by proxy. She died in 1775 and was buried in <a href="/wiki/New_Mosque_(Istanbul)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mosque (Istanbul)">Yeni Cami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENecepoğlu2002145_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENecepoğlu2002145-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008549-50_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008549-50-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li> <li>Hace Verdinaz Kadın. She built a school and a fountain in Murâdpaşa and another fountain in Galata. The name <i>Hace</i> indicated that she had made the pilgrimage to Mecca by proxy. She died on 16 December 1804, and was buried in Şehzâdebaşı. Her late death date suggests that she was one of the youngest consorts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENecepoğlu2002145_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENecepoğlu2002145-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008452_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008452-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145-6_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145-6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hatice Rami Kadın. She built a school and a fountain in Beşiktaş. A year after Mahmud I's death in 1755, she married Inspector Haremeyn Mustafapaşazade İbrahim Bey. She died on 16 January 1780.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKal'aTabakoğlu2003267_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKal'aTabakoğlu2003267-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŞapolyo1961319_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŞapolyo1961319-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tiryal Kadın, who died between 1785 and 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Raziye Kadın<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Meyyase Hanim<sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fehmi Hanim<sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sirri Hanim<sup id="cite_ref-çakmak_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Habbabe Hanim<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, according to Oztüna, Alicenab was instead the BaşKadin, while Ayşe was the second Kadın.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, according to Oztüna, Alicenab Kadın was instead the BaşKadin for the whole reign of Mahmud I and not Ayşe and Hatem therefore never obtained this title.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, according to Oztüna, she was instead Mahmud I's BaşKadin throughout his reign, with Ayşe second consort.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces89292.html">"Zeri Mahbub - Mahmud I, Egypt"</a>. <i>en.numista.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.numista.com&rft.atitle=Zeri+Mahbub+-+Mahmud+I%2C+Egypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.numista.com%2Fcatalogue%2Fpieces89292.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobrowolskaDobrowolski2011" class="citation book cs1">Dobrowolska, Agnieszka; Dobrowolski, Jarosław (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dexcBgAAQBAJ"><i>The Sultan's Fountain: An Imperial Story of Cairo, Istanbul, and Amsterdam</i></a>. American University in Cairo. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-523-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-523-8"><bdi>978-977-416-523-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Fountain%3A+An+Imperial+Story+of+Cairo%2C+Istanbul%2C+and+Amsterdam&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-977-416-523-8&rft.aulast=Dobrowolska&rft.aufirst=Agnieszka&rft.au=Dobrowolski%2C+Jaros%C5%82aw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdexcBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FitIW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FitIW_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FitIW_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Layiktez, Cecil "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/layiktez1.html">Freemasonry in the Islamic World</a>", Pietre-Stones Review of Freemasonry, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015309-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015309_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015309_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaws-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shaws_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaws_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaws_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Stanford J. and Shaw, Ezel Kural (1976) <i>History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, volume 1: Empire of the Gazis: the rise and decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808</i> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, p. 240, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-21280-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-21280-4">0-521-21280-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015311-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015311_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015316-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015316_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015321-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015321_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015315-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015315_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mughal-Ottoman_relations_Muhammed_Shah-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mughal-Ottoman_relations_Muhammed_Shah_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarooqi1989" class="citation book cs1">Farooqi, Naimur Rahman (1989). <i>Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748</i>. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal-Ottoman+relations%3A+a+study+of+political+%26+diplomatic+relations+between+Mughal+India+and+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1556-1748&rft.pub=Idarah-i+Adabiyat-i+Delli&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Farooqi&rft.aufirst=Naimur+Rahman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span> ASIN: B0006ETWB8. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uB1uAAAAMAAJ&q=Muhammad+Shah&cad=6">Google Books search</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015317-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015317_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015318-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015318_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015323-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2015323_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2015">Sakaoğlu 2015</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008454-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008454_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2008">Sakaoğlu 2008</a>, p. 454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Çağatay Uluçay - Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yılmaz Öztuna - Devletler ve Hanedanlar Cilt 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Necdet Sakaoünlar Sultan Kılkın</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008451-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008451_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2008">Sakaoğlu 2008</a>, p. 451.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUluçay2011">Uluçay 2011</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-çakmak-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-çakmak_21-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇakmak2016" class="citation book cs1">Çakmak, Abdullah (2016). <i>18. Yüzyılda Hayırsever Bir Padişah Kadını: Vuslat Kadın'ın Medine ve İstanbul Vakıfları</i>. Vakıflar Dergisi. pp. 77 n. 5, 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=18.+Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1lda+Hay%C4%B1rsever+Bir+Padi%C5%9Fah+Kad%C4%B1n%C4%B1%3A+Vuslat+Kad%C4%B1n%27%C4%B1n+Medine+ve+%C4%B0stanbul+Vak%C4%B1flar%C4%B1&rft.pages=77+n.+5%2C+6&rft.pub=Vak%C4%B1flar+Dergisi&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=%C3%87akmak&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaskan2001" class="citation book cs1">Haskan, Mehmet Nermi (2001). <i>Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar - Volume 1</i>. Üsküdar Belediyesi. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-759-76062-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-759-76062-5"><bdi>978-9-759-76062-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1llar+boyunca+%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar+-+Volume+1&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar+Belediyesi&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-9-759-76062-5&rft.aulast=Haskan&rft.aufirst=Mehmet+Nermi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFetvaci2014" class="citation book cs1">Fetvaci, Emine (6 February 2014). <i>Picturing History at the Ottoman Court</i>. Indiana University Press. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-05102-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-05102-8"><bdi>978-0-253-05102-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picturing+History+at+the+Ottoman+Court&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.isbn=978-0-253-05102-8&rft.aulast=Fetvaci&rft.aufirst=Emine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyarFleet2016" class="citation book cs1">Boyar, Ebru; Fleet, Kate (19 May 2016). <i>Ottoman Women in Public Space</i>. BRILL. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-004-31662-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-004-31662-1"><bdi>978-9-004-31662-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ottoman+Women+in+Public+Space&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft.isbn=978-9-004-31662-1&rft.aulast=Boyar&rft.aufirst=Ebru&rft.au=Fleet%2C+Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENecepoğlu2002145-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENecepoğlu2002145_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENecepoğlu2002145_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNecepoğlu2002">Necepoğlu 2002</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaskan2001" class="citation book cs1">Haskan, Mehmet Nermi (2001). <i>Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar - Volume 2</i>. Üsküdar Belediyesi. p. 734. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-759-76060-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-759-76060-1"><bdi>978-9-759-76060-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1llar+boyunca+%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar+-+Volume+2&rft.pages=734&rft.pub=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar+Belediyesi&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-9-759-76060-1&rft.aulast=Haskan&rft.aufirst=Mehmet+Nermi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008549-50-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008549-50_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2008">Sakaoğlu 2008</a>, p. 549-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008452-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESakaoğlu2008452_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSakaoğlu2008">Sakaoğlu 2008</a>, p. 452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145-6-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011145-6_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUluçay2011">Uluçay 2011</a>, p. 145-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUluçay2011146_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUluçay2011">Uluçay 2011</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKal'aTabakoğlu2003267-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKal'aTabakoğlu2003267_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKal'aTabakoğlu2003">Kal'a & Tabakoğlu 2003</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŞapolyo1961319-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŞapolyo1961319_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŞapolyo1961">Şapolyo 1961</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArgit2020" class="citation book cs1">Argit, Betül Ipsirli (29 October 2020). <i>Life after the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial Ottoman Court</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48836-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48836-5"><bdi>978-1-108-48836-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+after+the+Harem%3A+Female+Palace+Slaves%2C+Patronage+and+the+Imperial+Ottoman+Court&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft.isbn=978-1-108-48836-5&rft.aulast=Argit&rft.aufirst=Bet%C3%BCl+Ipsirli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Incorporates text from <i>History of Ottoman Turks</i> (1878)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeirce1993" class="citation book cs1">Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialharemwom00peir"><i>The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-195-08677-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-195-08677-5"><bdi>978-0-195-08677-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Harem%3A+Women+and+Sovereignty+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-195-08677-5&rft.aulast=Peirce&rft.aufirst=Leslie+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimperialharemwom00peir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKal'aTabakoğlu2003" class="citation book cs1">Kal'a, Ahmet; Tabakoğlu, Ahmet (2003). <i>İstanbul su külliyâtı: Vakıf su defterleri : Suyolcu 2 (1871-1921)</i>. İstanbul Araştırmaları Merkezi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-758-21504-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-758-21504-1"><bdi>978-9-758-21504-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%B0stanbul+su+k%C3%BClliy%C3%A2t%C4%B1%3A+Vak%C4%B1f+su+defterleri+%3A+Suyolcu+2+%281871-1921%29&rft.pub=%C4%B0stanbul+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1+Merkezi&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-9-758-21504-1&rft.aulast=Kal%27a&rft.aufirst=Ahmet&rft.au=Tabako%C4%9Flu%2C+Ahmet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŞapolyo1961" class="citation book cs1">Şapolyo, Enver Behnan (1961). <i>Osmanlı sultanları tarihi</i>. R. Zaimler Yayınevi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osmanl%C4%B1+sultanlar%C4%B1+tarihi&rft.pub=R.+Zaimler+Yay%C4%B1nevi&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=%C5%9Eapolyo&rft.aufirst=Enver+Behnan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNecepoğlu2002" class="citation book cs1">Necepoğlu, Gülrü (1 January 2002). <i>Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World, Volume 19</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-004-12593-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-004-12593-3"><bdi>978-9-004-12593-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muqarnas%3A+An+Annual+on+the+Visual+Culture+of+the+Islamic+World%2C+Volume+19&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-9-004-12593-3&rft.aulast=Necepo%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BClr%C3%BC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakaoğlu2008" class="citation book cs1">Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). <i>Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler</i>. Oğlak Yayıncılık. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-753-29623-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-753-29623-6"><bdi>978-9-753-29623-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu+m%C3%BClk%C3%BCn+kad%C4%B1n+sultanlar%C4%B1%3A+V%C3%A2lide+sultanlar%2C+h%C3%A2tunlar%2C+hasekiler%2C+kad%C4%B1nefendiler%2C+sultanefendiler&rft.pub=O%C4%9Flak+Yay%C4%B1nc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9-753-29623-6&rft.aulast=Sakao%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Necdet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUluçay2011" class="citation book cs1">Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (2011). <i>Padişahların kadınları ve kızları</i>. Ankara, Ötüken.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Padi%C5%9Fahlar%C4%B1n+kad%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1+ve+k%C4%B1zlar%C4%B1&rft.pub=Ankara%2C+%C3%96t%C3%BCken&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Ulu%C3%A7ay&rft.aufirst=Mustafa+%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakaoğlu2015" class="citation book cs1">Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015). <i>Bu Mülkün Sultanları</i>. Alfa Yayıncılık. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6-051-71080-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-6-051-71080-8"><bdi>978-6-051-71080-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu+M%C3%BClk%C3%BCn+Sultanlar%C4%B1&rft.pub=Alfa+Yay%C4%B1nc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-6-051-71080-8&rft.aulast=Sakao%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Necdet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Mahmud I </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Dynasty">House of Osman</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 2 August 1696</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 13 December 1754</span>[aged 58] </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a> </b><br />20 Sep 1730 – 13 Dec 1754 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_caliphs" title="List of caliphs">Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate</a> </b><br />20 Sep 1730 – 13 Dec 1754 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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tree">Family tree (detailed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree_(simplified)" title="Ottoman family tree (simplified)">Family tree (simplified)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty#Succession_practices" title="Ottoman dynasty">Line of succession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Interregnum</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Süleyman Çelebi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa Çelebi</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%87elebi" title="Mustafa Çelebi">Mustafa Çelebi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cem_Sultan" title="Cem Sultan">Cem Sultan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire">Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV" title="Mehmed IV">Mehmed IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire">Suleiman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_II" title="Ahmed II">Ahmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahmud I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_III" title="Mustafa III">Mustafa III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_I" title="Abdul Hamid I">Abdul Hamid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_III" title="Selim III">Selim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_IV" title="Mustafa IV">Mustafa IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid I">Abdulmejid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_V" title="Murad V">Murad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a><sup>§§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> First Ottoman caliph • <sup>§§</sup> Caliph only <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Category</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Related templates: <a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_the_Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Template:Heads of the Osmanoğlu family">Heads of the Osmanoğlu family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mothers_of_the_Ottoman_Sultans" title="Template:Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans">Valide sultans</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="17px_Ottoman_princes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottoman_princes" title="Template:Ottoman princes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ottoman_princes" title="Template talk:Ottoman princes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman_princes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman princes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="17px_Ottoman_princes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/17px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/26px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/34px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span> Ottoman princes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaeddin_Pasha" title="Alaeddin Pasha">Alaeddin Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="23" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Pasha_(son_of_Orhan)" title="Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan)">Süleyman Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_Bey_(son_of_Orhan)" title="Halil Bey (son of Orhan)">Şehzade Halil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savc%C4%B1_Bey" title="Savcı Bey">Savcı Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakub_%C3%87elebi" title="Yakub Çelebi">Yakub Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Süleyman Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%87elebi" title="Mustafa Çelebi">Mustafa Çelebi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Mustafa" title="Küçük Mustafa">Küçük Mustafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_%C3%87elebi" title="Orhan Çelebi">Orhan Çelebi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cem_Sultan" title="Cem Sultan">Cem Sultan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Şehzade Ahmet">Şehzade Ahmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Korkut" title="Şehzade Korkut">Şehzade Korkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Abdullah_(son_of_Bayezid_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Abdullah (son of Bayezid II) (page does not exist)">Şehzade Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_(son_of_Bayezid_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Mahmud (son of Bayezid II) (page does not exist)">Şehzade Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Murad_(son_of_Cem_Sultan)" title="Şehzade Murad (son of Cem Sultan)">Şehzade Murad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Murad" class="mw-redirect" title="Şehzade Murad">Şehzade Murad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cveys_Pasha" title="Üveys Pasha">Üveys Pasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mustafa" title="Şehzade Mustafa">Şehzade Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed" title="Şehzade Mehmed">Şehzade Mehmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Abdullah" title="Şehzade Abdullah">Şehzade Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Bayezid" title="Şehzade Bayezid">Şehzade Bayezid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Cihangir" title="Şehzade Cihangir">Şehzade Cihangir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Yahya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Yahya">Sultan Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_(son_of_Mehmed_III)" title="Şehzade Mahmud (son of Mehmed III)">Şehzade Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_(son_of_Ahmed_I)" title="Şehzade Mehmed (son of Ahmed I)">Şehzade Mehmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Bayezid_(son_of_Ahmed_I)" title="Şehzade Bayezid (son of Ahmed I)">Şehzade Bayezid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_S%C3%BCleyman" title="Şehzade Süleyman">Şehzade Süleyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Kas%C4%B1m" title="Şehzade Kasım">Şehzade Kasım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire">Ibrahim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer" title="Şehzade Ömer">Şehzade Ömer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV" title="Mehmed IV">Mehmed IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire">Suleiman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_II" title="Ahmed II">Ahmed II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahmud I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_III" title="Mustafa III">Mustafa III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_I" title="Abdul Hamid I">Abdul Hamid I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selim_III" title="Selim III">Selim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_IV" title="Mustafa IV">Mustafa IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Selim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Selim (page does not exist)">Şehzade Selim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid I">Abdulmejid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Efendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Efendi (page does not exist)">Mustafa Efendi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_V" title="Murad V">Murad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Kemaleddin" title="Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin">Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Burhaneddin_(son_of_Abdulmejid_I)" title="Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)">Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nureddin_(son_of_Abdulmejid_I)" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)">Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Yusuf_Izzeddin" title="Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin">Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Selim_S%C3%BCleyman" title="Şehzade Selim Süleyman">Şehzade Selim Süleyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_Celaleddin" title="Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin">Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_%C5%9Eevket" title="Şehzade Mehmed Şevket">Şehzade Mehmed Şevket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Seyfeddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin">Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Selaheddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin">Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Selim" title="Şehzade Mehmed Selim">Şehzade Mehmed Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Ziyaeddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin">Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ibrahim_Tevfik" title="Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik">Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abd%C3%BClkadir" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir">Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_Necmeddin" title="Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin">Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nuri" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nuri">Şehzade Ahmed Nuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Burhaneddin_(son_of_Abdul_Hamid_II)" title="Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdul Hamid II)">Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer_Hilmi" title="Şehzade Ömer Hilmi">Şehzade Ömer Hilmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Cemaleddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin">Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Abdurrahim_Hayri" title="Şehzade Abdurrahim Hayri">Şehzade Abdurrahim Hayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abd%C3%BClhalim" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abdülhalim">Şehzade Mehmed Abdülhalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer_Faruk" title="Şehzade Ömer Faruk">Şehzade Ömer Faruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nureddin_(son_of_Abdul_Hamid_II)" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdul Hamid II)">Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed Abdulaziz">Mehmed Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_%C5%9Eevket" title="Şehzade Mahmud Şevket">Şehzade Mahmud Şevket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_%C5%9Eerafeddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Şerafeddin">Şehzade Mehmed Şerafeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Tevhid" title="Şehzade Ahmed Tevhid">Şehzade Ahmed Tevhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abid" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abid">Şehzade Mehmed Abid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Nizameddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin">Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul">Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">22nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nihad" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nihad">Şehzade Ahmed Nihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Osman_Fuad" title="Şehzade Osman Fuad">Şehzade Osman Fuad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abd%C3%BClkerim" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkerim">Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkerim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Orhan" title="Mehmed Orhan">Mehmed Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_Osman" title="Ertuğrul Osman">Ertuğrul Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_Nam%C4%B1k" title="Şehzade Mahmud Namık">Şehzade Mahmud Namık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_Osman" title="Bayezid Osman">Bayezid Osman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">23rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ali_Vasib" title="Şehzade Ali Vasib">Şehzade Ali Vasib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCndar_Ali_Osman" title="Dündar Ali Osman">Dündar Ali Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harun Osman">Harun Osman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199481#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199481#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199481#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1033536903">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2014135909">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p331211637">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810622868405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007591851405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c86a0d49-706b-4df3-bccf-10372c6056bb">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1033536903.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1033536903">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/189994622">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahmud-i--osmanli">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&oldid=1257480225">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_I&oldid=1257480225</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1696_births" 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