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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&params=50.8764_N_0.0102_E_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°52′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°00′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.8764°N 0.0102°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.8764; 0.0102</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic site in East Sussex, England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size:125%; text-align:center">Russian Memorial</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Memorial,_Lewes_(IoE_292975).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Russian_Memorial%2C_Lewes_%28IoE_292975%29.jpg/250px-Russian_Memorial%2C_Lewes_%28IoE_292975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Russian_Memorial%2C_Lewes_%28IoE_292975%29.jpg/375px-Russian_Memorial%2C_Lewes_%28IoE_292975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Russian_Memorial%2C_Lewes_%28IoE_292975%29.jpg/500px-Russian_Memorial%2C_Lewes_%28IoE_292975%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Russian Memorial, showing the north-west, west, and south-west panels</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_John_sub_Castro,_Lewes" title="Church of St John sub Castro, Lewes">St John sub Castro churchyard</a>, Abinger Place, <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&params=50.8764_N_0.0102_E_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°52′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°00′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.8764°N 0.0102°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.8764; 0.0102</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1877</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Built for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data">Philip Currey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architectural style(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Neo-Gothic</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #ACE1AF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade II</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Russian Memorial in the Churchyard of St John sub Castro</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">29 October 1985</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1043887</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Sussex_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian Memorial, Lewes is located in East Sussex"><img alt="Russian Memorial, Lewes is located in East Sussex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/East_Sussex_UK_location_map.svg/240px-East_Sussex_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/East_Sussex_UK_location_map.svg/360px-East_Sussex_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/East_Sussex_UK_location_map.svg/480px-East_Sussex_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="928" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.72%;left:24.387%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Russian Memorial, Lewes"><img alt="Russian Memorial, Lewes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">The memorial shown within East Sussex</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Russian Memorial</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> in the churchyard of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_John_sub_Castro,_Lewes" title="Church of St John sub Castro, Lewes">St John sub Castro</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, England (<a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&params=50.876402_N_0.010173_E_region:GB_scale:25000">TQ4152210471</a></span>). It was erected in 1877 at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a>, Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, in memory of 28 <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Finnish</a> soldiers of the Russian Army of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War#Baltic_theatre" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> who died while prisoners of war in Lewes between 1854 and 1856. It has been designated by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> as a Grade II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IoE292975_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE292975-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What became known as the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> was declared in March 1854. In June, concerned at the possible threat posed to Britain by the Russian <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic Fleet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> attacked the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Bomarsund,_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomarsund, Åland">Bomarsund</a>, in <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> off the coast of Finland during the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a>. That attack was repulsed, but a further attack by British and French forces in August proved successful. The fortress was destroyed and prisoners taken to Britain and France.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 340 members of the Fusilier Grenadiers were taken to <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>. The officers were Russian, but the men were mostly Finns<sup id="cite_ref-Times23Oct54_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times23Oct54-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a> was part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> at the time and many of the defenders of Bomarsund had been Finnish conscripts. </p><p>The officers, having given their <a href="/wiki/Parole#Prisoners_of_war" title="Parole">parole</a>, were housed with local families and integrated themselves into local society. After "several of the leading gentlemen of the county [had] been introduced to the officers, and others <a href="/wiki/Visiting_card" title="Visiting card">left their cards</a>", the officers went riding, appearing "delighted with the salubrity of the air",<sup id="cite_ref-Times23Oct54_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times23Oct54-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were invited to shoot on a local estate, succeeding in "bagging a large quantity of game", and attended a charity concert in <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Times6Nov54_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times6Nov54-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such freedom of movement left them "frequently subjected to annoyance, insult, and even personal violence from the low characters who loiter in the streets", though the local magistrates dealt severely with such offences.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The men were confined in the old County Gaol, which had been given a new lease of life as a naval prison. A workshop was set up so that they could produce wooden toys for sale to the public to earn themselves pocket money. By October 1854, it was reported that:<sup id="cite_ref-Times23Oct54_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times23Oct54-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>a large demand for these articles has sprung up, from <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3sd" title="£sd">6d.</a> upwards being the price paid for each article bought by the numerous customers, and with this price the men appear exceedingly well pleased. ... The toyshop-keepers at Brighton have taken the hint, and most of the shops of that description have "Russian toys" ticketted in their windows.</p></blockquote><p> The prison became quite a tourist attraction, admitting as many as 500 visitors in a day, and some days the sale of toys brought in as much as £40 (£4,700 at today's prices).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The receipts were used to purchase additional food and luxuries: according to the <i>Times</i>, "it has been said that they are too well fed", and "scarcely a prisoner is without a watch, and many of the time-pieces are of gold".<sup id="cite_ref-Times5May55_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times5May55-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The generous treatment afforded to the Finnish prisoners was not universally popular: a letter to the <i>Times</i> spoke of general disgust that:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... when we see bereaved widows and fatherless orphans of our butchered soldiers starving while points of military etiquette are being discussed, we are informed that the Russian prisoners at Lewes have had their wives brought over to live with them, are selling their toys as fast as they can make them at high prices, and to crown all, have received large sums of money from various noblemen and gentlemen to provide themselves with luxuries!</p></blockquote> <p>After a group of men had refused to go out for exercise unless accompanied by three of their number in solitary confinement for misconduct, and their protest had escalated to armed rebellion, 25 of the ringleaders were removed to a prison ship at <a href="/wiki/Sheerness" title="Sheerness">Sheerness</a>, and the remainder locked in their own cells at night.<sup id="cite_ref-Times5May55_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times5May55-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September 1855, 15 prisoners had died of disease – <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> was prevalent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The death-toll would rise to 28 by the end of their incarceration, and the dead were buried in the nearby churchyard of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_John_sub_Castro,_Lewes" title="Church of St John sub Castro, Lewes">St John sub Castro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-signedoff_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signedoff-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prisoners' popularity in Lewes remained undimmed. When peace was concluded between Britain and Russia in 1856, and the time came for their return home, the parting "is said to have been genuinely sorrowful".<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commanding officer publicly thanked the people of Lewes and wrote to the Senior Constable on behalf of his fellow officers, expressing gratitude for having "enjoyed the hospitality of many, and urbane treatment from all" and spoke of their pleasure at the prospect of returning home being "much modified by the regret we feel in thus bidding farewell to those who have shown so much kindness".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a civic farewell, the townsfolk lined the streets to watch them leave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorial">Memorial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Memorial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the behest of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a>, a monument was commissioned to commemorate those 28 Finnish prisoners of war who died during their captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-obelisk_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obelisk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by Philip Currey and made by local mason John Strong in a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">neo-Gothic</a> style, it stands in the churchyard of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_John_sub_Castro,_Lewes" title="Church of St John sub Castro, Lewes">St John sub Castro</a>, near the site of the naval prison,<sup id="cite_ref-IoE292975_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE292975-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the spot where the deceased were buried. The <i>Times</i> reported that on 1 May 1877, the work was inspected and approved by General Alexander Gorloff, the Russian <a href="/wiki/Military_attach%C3%A9" title="Military attaché">military attaché</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-signedoff_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signedoff-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Set on a round plinth above an octagonal stone base, the monument takes the form of an octagonal drum with cusped arches separated by <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> shafts, above which the stonework tapers in the form of a spire, topped by an octagonal <a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">tabernacle</a> and a cross. The whole is 17 feet (5.2 m) in height.<sup id="cite_ref-IoE292975_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE292975-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-signedoff_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signedoff-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each arch surrounds an inscribed panel. That on the east side reads "Sacred to the Memory of the Russian Soldiers who died Prisoners of War in Lewes in the years 1854 1855 1856", and on the west reads "Raised by Order of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia Alexander II 1877", and now carries an addition to show that the Soviet Embassy restored the memorial in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-IoE292975_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE292975-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The north panel reproduces the wording from the "simple Head Stone" placed over the original burial by "their Surviving Comrades": "Erected by the Finlanders Russian Prisoners of War as a Memorial of their Countrymen and fellow Prisoners who died During their Captivity in Lewes War Prison". That on the south side has four lines of verse, also transcribed from the first memorial, and the intervening panels are inscribed with the names of the 28 deceased.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The memorial was <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed</a> at Grade II by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> on 29 October 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-IoE292975_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE292975-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This status is given to "nationally important buildings of special interest".<sup id="cite_ref-EH2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EH2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of February 2001, it was one of 1,162 Grade II listed buildings, and 1,250 listed buildings of all grades, in the district of Lewes.<sup id="cite_ref-IoEStats-ESx_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoEStats-ESx-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_names">List of names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abraham Lindfors, Erik Kivi, Matts Mort, Adolf Granat, Matts Lilja, Carl Boll, John Kive; Johan Rof, David Kihl, Carl Udd, Matts Hellman, Carl Wec(?h/k)tars, Michel Gronroos, Victor Wass; Johan Mail, Gustaf (?)Husar, Johan Hellen, Gustaf Kyro, Victor Walander, Joel (?Inlo), Matts Lindstrom; Carl Grod Sergeant, Michel Sett, Micha Mild, Johan Oinstrom, Matts Asp, Carl Lind, Joseph Storm.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A popular Finnish folk-song, <i>Oolannin sota</i> (Crimean War), evolved from the earlier <i>Ålandin sota laulu</i> (Åland war song) which tells of the prisoners' capture and imprisonment in Lewes and is thought to have been written by one of the Lewes prisoners during his captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen Plaice used the story as the inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> of an opera, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Finnish_Prisoner" title="The Finnish Prisoner">The Finnish Prisoner</a></i>, set to music by <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Gough" title="Orlando Gough">Orlando Gough</a> and incorporating the song <i>Oolannin sota</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opera received its world premiere in Lewes in 2007 under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Susannah_Waters" title="Susannah Waters">Susannah Waters</a> with a cast of professional singers including members of the Finnish National Opera, a locally recruited amateur chorus, and a chorus of children.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production was the subject of a Finnish television programme which included material related to the memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_War_Memorial" title="Lewes War Memorial">Lewes War Memorial</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IoE292975-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IoE292975_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IoE292975_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IoE292975_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IoE292975_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IoE292975_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1043887" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1043887?section=official-list-entry">"Russian Memorial in the Churchyard of St John Sub Castro (1043887)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Russian+Memorial+in+the+Churchyard+of+St+John+Sub+Castro+%281043887%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1043887%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2004" class="citation web cs1">Bell, Marjatta (20 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005045148/http://www.finemb.org.uk/public/default.aspx?contentid=98110&nodeid=35864&contentlan=2&culture=en-GB">"The Crimean War in Finland"</a>. Embassy of Finland, London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finemb.org.uk/public/default.aspx?contentid=98110&nodeid=35864&contentlan=2&culture=en-GB">the original</a> on 5 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crimean+War+in+Finland&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Finland%2C+London&rft.date=2004-04-20&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Marjatta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finemb.org.uk%2Fpublic%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fcontentid%3D98110%26nodeid%3D35864%26contentlan%3D2%26culture%3Den-GB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times23Oct54-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Times23Oct54_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times23Oct54_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times23Oct54_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Russian Prisoners at Lewes". <i>The Times</i>. 23 October 1854. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Prisoners+at+Lewes&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1854-10-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times6Nov54-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Times6Nov54_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Russian Prisoners At Lewes". <i>The Times</i>. 6 November 1854. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Prisoners+At+Lewes&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1854-11-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Editorial". <i>The Times</i>. 15 September 1855. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Editorial&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1855-09-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times5May55-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Times5May55_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times5May55_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Russian Prisoners At Lewes". <i>The Times</i>. 5 May 1855. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Prisoners+At+Lewes&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1855-05-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner1854" class="citation news cs1">Verner, William, Jun. (27 November 1854). "The Russian Prisoners". <i>The Times</i>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Prisoners&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1854-11-27&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=William%2C+Jun.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Naval And Military Intelligence". <i>The Times</i>. 14 May 1855. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Naval+And+Military+Intelligence&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1855-05-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Russian Prisoners At Lewes". <i>The Times</i>. 24 September 1855. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Prisoners+At+Lewes&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1855-09-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-signedoff-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-signedoff_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-signedoff_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-signedoff_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Russian Prisoners in England". <i>The Times</i>. 2 May 1877. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Prisoners+in+England&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1877-05-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2007" class="citation news cs1">Coleman, Nick (10 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/jul/10/classicalmusicandopera2">"Chorus in a car park"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Chorus+in+a+car+park&rft.date=2007-07-10&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2007%2Fjul%2F10%2Fclassicalmusicandopera2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Verena (ed.). <i>The Town Book of Lewes 1837–1901</i>. Sussex Records Society. p. 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Town+Book+of+Lewes+1837%26ndash%3B1901&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Sussex+Records+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obelisk-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obelisk_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/509/Plea-for-help-with-obelisk.269920.jp">"Plea for help with obelisk"</a>. <i>Sussex Express</i>. Lewes. 1 August 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sussex+Express&rft.atitle=Plea+for+help+with+obelisk&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussexexpress.co.uk%2F509%2FPlea-for-help-with-obelisk.269920.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825082351/http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/object?id=249">"Monument to Russian prisoners of war (Tzar's Obelisk)"</a>. <i>Public Sculptures of Sussex</i>. University of Brighton / Public Monuments and Sculpture Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/object?id=249">the original</a> on 25 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Sculptures+of+Sussex&rft.atitle=Monument+to+Russian+prisoners+of+war+%28Tzar%27s+Obelisk%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk%2Fobject%3Fid%3D249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EH2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EH2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126151823/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/listed-buildings/">"Listed Buildings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/listed-buildings/">the original</a> on 26 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listed+Buildings&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-heritage.org.uk%2Fcaring%2Flisting%2Flisted-buildings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IoEStats-ESx-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IoEStats-ESx_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023073747/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/StatisticsPage/default.aspx?StatsCounty=EAST%20SUSSEX">"Images of England — Statistics by County (East Sussex)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Images_of_England" title="Images of England">Images of England</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/StatisticsPage/default.aspx?StatsCounty=EAST%20SUSSEX">the original</a> on 23 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Images+of+England&rft.atitle=Images+of+England+%E2%80%94+Statistics+by+County+%28East+Sussex%29&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imagesofengland.org.uk%2FStatisticsPage%2Fdefault.aspx%3FStatsCounty%3DEAST%2520SUSSEX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">transcribed from monument by JB, 22 December 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328160138/http://www.bomarsundssallskapet.ax/bomarsund_oolannin_sota.htm">"Oolannin sota – Suosittu laulu ja alkuperäinen "Ålandin sota laulu"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Popular song <i>Oolannin sota</i> (Crimean War) and the original "Åland war song"] (in Finnish). Bomarsundssällskapet (Bomarsund Society). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bomarsundssallskapet.ax/bomarsund_oolannin_sota.htm">the original</a> on 28 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oolannin+sota+%E2%80%93+Suosittu+laulu+ja+alkuper%C3%A4inen+%22%C3%85landin+sota+laulu%22&rft.pub=Bomarsundss%C3%A4llskapet+%28Bomarsund+Society%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bomarsundssallskapet.ax%2Fbomarsund_oolannin_sota.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002004239/http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/60EAC161-D6C8-4914-BAA2-1EA854D8D257/0/ESROAnnualReport200708.pdf">"Report of the County Archivist April 2007 to March 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. East Sussex Record Office. 2008. p. 17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/60EAC161-D6C8-4914-BAA2-1EA854D8D257/0/ESROAnnualReport200708.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+County+Archivist+April+2007+to+March+2008&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=East+Sussex+Record+Office&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastsussex.gov.uk%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F60EAC161-D6C8-4914-BAA2-1EA854D8D257%2F0%2FESROAnnualReport200708.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Memorial%2C+Lewes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Memorial,_Lewes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Photos of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825082351/http://publicsculpturesofsussex.co.uk/object?id=249">Russian Memorial</a> at Public Sculptures of Sussex</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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