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class=""><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%E2%88%921" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת" class=""><span>יצירת חשבון</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%E2%88%921" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים אישיים" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים אישיים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="תפריט משתמש" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he"><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%E2%88%921" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>יצירת חשבון</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%E2%88%921" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> דפים לעורכים שלא נכנסו לחשבון <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" aria-label="מידע נוסף על עריכה"><span>מידע נוסף</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="רשימת העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [y]" accesskey="y"><span>תרומות</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="דיון על העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [n]" accesskey="n"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="אתר"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="תוכן עניינים" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">תוכן עניינים</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">התחלה</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-תכונות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#תכונות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>תכונות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-תכונות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#קישורים_חיצוניים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>קישורים חיצוניים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="תוכן עניינים" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="תוכן עניינים" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מצב תוכן העניינים" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מצב תוכן העניינים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">‎−1</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="מעבר לערך בשפה אחרת. זמין ב־51 שפות" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 שפות</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF)" title="-1 (عدد) – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="-1 (عدد)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%92%E0%A7%A7" title="−১ – אסאמית" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="−১" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="אסאמית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menos_unu" title="Menos unu – אסטורית" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Menos unu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="אסטורית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="-1 (һан) – בשקירית" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="-1 (һан)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="בשקירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(angka)" title="-1 (angka) – באלינזית" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="-1 (angka)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="באלינזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1" title="-1 – בלארוסית" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="-1" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="בלארוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="−1 (лік) – בלארוסית טרשקביץ׳" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="−1 (лік)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="בלארוסית טרשקביץ׳" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1" title="-1 – בולגרית" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="-1" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="בולגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%93%E0%A7%A7" title="–১ – בנגלית" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="–১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="בנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1-_(%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95)" title="١- (ژمارە) – כורדית סוראנית" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١- (ژمارە)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="כורדית סוראנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minus_eins" title="Minus eins – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Minus eins" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – יוונית" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="יוונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menos_uno" title="Menos uno – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Menos uno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1" title="-1 – בסקית" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="-1" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="בסקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%92%DB%B1" title="−۱ – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="−۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(luku)" title="−1 (luku) – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="−1 (luku)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(nombre)" title="−1 (nombre) – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="−1 (nombre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_oner_nol" title="Ian oner nol – פריזית צפונית" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ian oner nol" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="פריזית צפונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menos_un" title="Menos un – גליסית" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Menos un" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="גליסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%92%E0%A5%A7" title="−१ – הינדי" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="−१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="הינדי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – ארמנית" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ארמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(angka)" title="−1 (angka) – אינדונזית" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="−1 (angka)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="אינדונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – אינגושית" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="אינגושית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8E%D9%9B%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF)" title="-1 (گرَٛنٛد) – קשמירית" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="-1 (گرَٛنٛد)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="קשמירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unus_negativus" title="Unus negativus – לטינית" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unus negativus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="לטינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF)" title="−1 (സംഖ്യ) – מליאלאם" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="−1 (സംഖ്യ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="מליאלאם" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%92%E0%A5%A7_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="−१ (संख्या) – מראטהית" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="−१ (संख्या)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="מראטהית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86)" title="-1 (ਸੰਖਿਆ) – פנג׳אבי" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="-1 (ਸੰਖਿਆ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="פנג׳אבי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menos_um" title="Menos um – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Menos um" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(num%C4%83r)" title="−1 (număr) – רומנית" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="−1 (număr)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="רומנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="−1 (число) – רוסית" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="−1 (число)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="רוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(nummer)" title="-1 (nummer) – סקוטית" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="-1 (nummer)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="סקוטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(number)" title="−1 (number) – אנגלית פשוטה" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="−1 (number)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית פשוטה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(%C5%A1tevilo)" title="−1 (število) – סלובנית" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="−1 (število)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="סלובנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – סרבית" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="סרבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921_(tal)" title="−1 (tal) – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="−1 (tal)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D)" title="-1 (எண்) – טמילית" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="-1 (எண்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="טמילית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – תאית" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="תאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – טורקית" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="טורקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1_(%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="-1 (число) – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="-1 (число)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1" title="-1 – אוזבקית" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="-1" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="אוזבקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1" title="-1 – וייטנאמית" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="-1" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="וייטנאמית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – סינית וו" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="סינית וו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="−1 – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="−1" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/-1" title="-1 – קנטונזית" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="-1" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="קנטונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310395#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="עריכת קישורים בין־לשוניים" class="wbc-editpage">עריכת הקישורים</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="מרחבי שם"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E2%88%921" title="צפייה בדף התוכן [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ערך</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94:%E2%88%921" rel="discussion" title="שיחה על דף התוכן [t]" accesskey="t"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="שינוי הגוון השפה" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">עברית</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="צפיות"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E2%88%921"><span>קריאה</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&action=edit" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הדף הזה [e]" accesskey="e"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&veaction=edit" title="עריכת הדף הזה [v]" accesskey="v"><span>עריכה</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&action=history" title="גרסאות קודמות של דף זה [h]" accesskey="h"><span>גרסאות קודמות</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">כלים</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> פעולות </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E2%88%921"><span>קריאה</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&action=edit" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הדף הזה [e]" accesskey="e"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&veaction=edit" title="עריכת הדף הזה [v]" accesskey="v"><span>עריכה</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&action=history"><span>גרסאות קודמות</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> כללי </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9F/%E2%88%921" title="רשימה של כל דפי הוויקי שמקשרים לדף הזה [j]" accesskey="j"><span>דפים המקושרים לכאן</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%E2%88%921" rel="nofollow" title="השינויים האחרונים בדפים המקושרים מהדף הזה [k]" accesskey="k"><span>שינויים בדפים המקושרים</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&oldid=38866142" title="קישור קבוע לגרסה הזאת של הדף הזה"><span>קישור קבוע</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&action=info" title="מידע נוסף על הדף הזה"><span>מידע על הדף</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%93%D7%A3_%D7%96%D7%94&page=%E2%88%921&id=38866142&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="מידע איך לצטט את הדף הזה"><span>ציטוט הדף הזה</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E2%2588%25921"><span>קבלת כתובת מקוצרת</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E2%2588%25921"><span>הורדת קוד QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> הדפסה/יצוא </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E2%88%921"><span>יצירת ספר</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E2%88%921&action=show-download-screen"><span>הורדה כ־PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&printable=yes" title="גרסה להדפסה של הדף הזה [p]" accesskey="p"><span>גרסה להדפסה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> במיזמים אחרים </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:-1_(number)" hreflang="en"><span>ויקישיתוף</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310395" title="קישור לפריט המשויך במאגר הנתונים [g]" accesskey="g"><span>פריט ויקינתונים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">מראה</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"><table class="infobox" style="width: 200px; font-size: 95%;"><caption dir="auto" style="background: #f8f8f8; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:0px;">−1 (<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="מספר שלם">מספר שלם</a>)</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row"> כתיב עשרוני</th><td> <span dir="ltr">1-</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"> במילים</th><td> מינוס אחד, מינוס אחת</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"> <a href="/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99" title="בסיס בינארי">כתיב בינארי</a></th><td> <div style="float:left"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C-2" title="משלים ל-2">2sC</a>: 11111111<sub>2</sub></div><br /><div style="float:left">SNR <small class="noprint" dir="rtl">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations" class="extiw" title="en:Signed number representations">אנ'</a>)</small>: 100000001<sub>2</sub></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"> <a href="/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="בסיס הקסדצימלי">כתיב הקסדצימלי</a></th><td> <p><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C-2" title="משלים ל-2">2sC</a>: 0xFF<sub>16</sub><br /> </p> SNR <small class="noprint" dir="rtl">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations" class="extiw" title="en:Signed number representations">אנ'</a>)</small>: 0x101<sub>16</sub></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span dir="ltr">-1</span></b> (במילים ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99" title="מין דקדוקי">לשון זכר</a>: <b>מינוס אחד</b>; בלשון נקבה: <b>מינוס אחת</b>) ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מתמטיקה">מתמטיקה</a>, הוא <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="מספר שלם">המספר השלם</a> ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99" class="mw-redirect" title="מספר שלילי">שלילי</a> הגדול ביותר, הבא אחרי <span dir="ltr">-2</span> ולפני <a href="/wiki/0_(%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="0 (מספר)">0</a>. </p><p>בבניית מערכת המספרים השלמים מתוך <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99" title="מספר טבעי">המספרים הטבעיים</a>, <span dir="ltr">-1</span> מוגדר כ<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%99" title="מספר נגדי">מספר הנגדי</a> למספר <a href="/wiki/1_(%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="1 (מספר)">1</a>, כלומר המספר שסכומו עם 1 יהיה <a href="/wiki/0_(%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="0 (מספר)">0</a>. צירוף המספר <span dir="ltr">-1</span> <a href="/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%9C" title="כפל">וכפולותיו</a> – המספרים השליליים השלמים, למערכת המספרים הטבעיים (כולל 0), מאפשר את הגדרת פעולת ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8" title="חיסור">חיסור</a>. מערכת המספרים החדשה שנוצרת – המספרים השלמים, מקיימת מספר תכונות <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94" title="אלגברה">אלגבריות</a> שהופכות אותה ל<a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99)" title="חוג (מבנה אלגברי)">חוג</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="תכונות"><span id=".D7.AA.D7.9B.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>תכונות</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&action=edit&section=1" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: תכונות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%88%921&veaction=edit&section=1" title="עריכת פסקה: "תכונות"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>לפי <a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92" title="חוק הפילוג">חוק הפילוג</a> במספרים השלמים, לכל מספר x מתקיים השוויון: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ x+(-1)\cdot x=(1+(-1))\cdot x=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ x+(-1)\cdot x=(1+(-1))\cdot x=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e5cf537b84ff89f7f1ad91f15cd3d1b7b15e1ee" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:33.5ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ x+(-1)\cdot x=(1+(-1))\cdot x=0}"></span></dd></dl> <p>או באופן שקול: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ (-1)\cdot x=-x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ (-1)\cdot x=-x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f146a792bfcfa99b410181383077803b293c2a61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.606ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ (-1)\cdot x=-x}"></span></dd></dl> <p>בפרט, כיוון שיחידות הנגדי מבטיחה שמתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ -(-x)=x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ -(-x)=x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0e37922ec9dfcebbf7e367a22bf8f4a7ff020f5d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.796ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ -(-x)=x}"></span> לכל x, ניתן לקבל את הנוסחה: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ (-1)\cdot (-1)=1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ (-1)\cdot (-1)=1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d23f040ed36fffdd474d337145c3d9b8c2808328" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.08ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ (-1)\cdot (-1)=1}"></span></dd></dl> <p>כלומר <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/704fb0427140d054dd267925495e78164fee9aac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -1}"></span> הוא <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9A" title="איבר הפיך">איבר הפיך</a> ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="חוג השלמים">חוג השלמים</a> ולמעשה האיבר ההפיך היחיד חוץ מ-1. </p><p>תכונות חשובות אלו (מלבד היותו ההפיך הלא טריוויאלי היחיד) מתקיימות גם במקרה הכללי של <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ -1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ -1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec30525b0833bd10a1e3b08b55017414c5c568ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:4.584ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ -1}"></span> ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99)" title="חוג (מבנה אלגברי)">חוג</a> כלשהו (כלומר האיבר הנגדי ל<a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="איבר יחידה">איבר היחידה</a> הכפלי). </p><p>ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="מספרים מרוכבים">מספרים מרוכבים</a> מופיע <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/704fb0427140d054dd267925495e78164fee9aac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -1}"></span> פעמים רבות כיוון ש- <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bc8d2dfe9ddfc5489e5ce676d223cc41a9489763" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.383ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ i}"></span>, <a href="/wiki/I_(%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="I (מספר)">היחידה המדומה</a>, הוא ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99" title="שורש ריבועי">שורש הריבועי</a> של <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/704fb0427140d054dd267925495e78164fee9aac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -1}"></span>. כמו כן <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/704fb0427140d054dd267925495e78164fee9aac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -1}"></span> הוא <a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="שורש יחידה">שורש יחידה</a> פרימיטיבי מסדר 2, ולכן גם שורש יחידה מכל סדר זוגי. לפי <a href="/wiki/%D7%96%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="זהות אוילר">זהות אוילר</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{i\pi }=-1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{i\pi }=-1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/00ba628c5431f37a0be483c26111b1078c036f6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.894ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{i\pi }=-1}"></span>. </p><p>ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="תכנות">תכנות</a>, נפוץ השימוש ב- <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/704fb0427140d054dd267925495e78164fee9aac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -1}"></span> כערך אליו מאתחלים משתנים שמקבלים ערכים חיוביים, כדי לסמן שהמשתנה לא מכיל עדיין שום מידע שימושי. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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