Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort

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} div.type-section h2 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: 300; } div.type-section h3 { margin-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-weight: 300; } .journal-tabs .tab-title.active a { } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/slick.css?f38b2db10e01b157?1732615622"> <meta name="title" content="Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort"> <meta name="description" content="Objectives: This study aimed to assess malnutrition and muscle mass depletion risk in gastrointestinal cancer patients, exploring the differences between gastric and colorectal cancer, with a focus on gender0specific variations and dietary intake. It also examined whether muscle depletion mediates the relationship between dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Methods: A sample of 100 Jordanian pre-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients (60 male, 40 female) with gastric or colorectal cancer were assessed for malnutrition risk using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and for muscle depletion using fat-free mass index (FFMI) and mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA). Results: The study found that 80% (95% CI: 0.708–0.873) of patients were at high risk of malnutrition, with over 60% experiencing severe muscle loss. Gastric cancer patients showed higher, though not statistically significant, malnutrition risk (90.2% vs. 72.9%) and muscle depletion compared to colorectal cancer patients. Advanced cancer stages were associated with significantly higher risk of malnutrition and muscle depletion. Significant gender-specific differences in muscle depletion via FFMI (p = 0.012) and via MUAMA (p = 0.028) were also noted, especially in females with gastric cancer. Additionally, males exhibited a significantly higher malnutrition risk (p < 0.001) based on cancer stage. Patients’ dietary intake was significantly (p < 0.001) below the recommended levels for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and essential fatty acids, which was associated with higher malnutrition risk, muscle depletion, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), and significant weight loss (>10%). Low dietary intake was strongly linked to increased malnutrition risk and muscle depletion, with muscle loss partially mediating (b = 0.4972, p < 0.0001) the relationship between poor dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Additionally, higher muscle mass was protective against malnutrition (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: 1.706–150.507), and cancer type was a significant predictor of malnutrition risk (OR = 14.4, 95% CI: 1.583–130.867). Conclusions: Malnutrition risk and significant muscle loss are common in GI cancer patients, highlighting the urgent need for tailored nutrition care plans and lifestyle modifications." > <link rel="image_src" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nutrients-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" > <meta name="dc.title" content="Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Nahla Al-Bayyari"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Marah Hailat"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ana Baylin"> <meta name="dc.type" content="Article"> <meta name="dc.source" content="Nutrients 2024, Vol. 16, Page 4000"> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-22"> <meta name ="dc.identifier" content="10.3390/nu16234000"> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="dc.rights" content="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> <meta name="dc.format" content="application/pdf" > <meta name="dc.language" content="en" > <meta name="dc.description" content="Objectives: This study aimed to assess malnutrition and muscle mass depletion risk in gastrointestinal cancer patients, exploring the differences between gastric and colorectal cancer, with a focus on gender0specific variations and dietary intake. It also examined whether muscle depletion mediates the relationship between dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Methods: A sample of 100 Jordanian pre-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients (60 male, 40 female) with gastric or colorectal cancer were assessed for malnutrition risk using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and for muscle depletion using fat-free mass index (FFMI) and mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA). Results: The study found that 80% (95% CI: 0.708–0.873) of patients were at high risk of malnutrition, with over 60% experiencing severe muscle loss. Gastric cancer patients showed higher, though not statistically significant, malnutrition risk (90.2% vs. 72.9%) and muscle depletion compared to colorectal cancer patients. Advanced cancer stages were associated with significantly higher risk of malnutrition and muscle depletion. Significant gender-specific differences in muscle depletion via FFMI (p = 0.012) and via MUAMA (p = 0.028) were also noted, especially in females with gastric cancer. Additionally, males exhibited a significantly higher malnutrition risk (p < 0.001) based on cancer stage. Patients’ dietary intake was significantly (p < 0.001) below the recommended levels for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and essential fatty acids, which was associated with higher malnutrition risk, muscle depletion, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), and significant weight loss (>10%). Low dietary intake was strongly linked to increased malnutrition risk and muscle depletion, with muscle loss partially mediating (b = 0.4972, p < 0.0001) the relationship between poor dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Additionally, higher muscle mass was protective against malnutrition (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: 1.706–150.507), and cancer type was a significant predictor of malnutrition risk (OR = 14.4, 95% CI: 1.583–130.867). Conclusions: Malnutrition risk and significant muscle loss are common in GI cancer patients, highlighting the urgent need for tailored nutrition care plans and lifestyle modifications." > <meta name="dc.subject" content="gastrointestinal cancer" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="malnutrition risk" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="muscle mass depletion" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="gastric cancer" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="colorectal cancer" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="dietary intake" > <meta name ="prism.issn" content="2072-6643"> <meta name ="prism.publicationName" content="Nutrients"> <meta name ="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-22"> <meta name ="prism.volume" content="16"> <meta name ="prism.number" content="23"> <meta name ="prism.section" content="Article" > <meta name ="prism.startingPage" content="4000" > <meta name="citation_issn" content="2072-6643"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Nutrients"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/1"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/22"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="16"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="23"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="4000"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Al-Bayyari, Nahla"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hailat, Marah"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Baylin, Ana"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3390/nu16234000"> <meta name="citation_id" content="mdpi-nu16234000"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/23/4000"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/23/4000/pdf?version=1732282972"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="PDF Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/23/4000/pdf?version=1732282972"> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/23/4000/pdf?version=1732282972"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@MDPIOpenAccess" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nutrients-logo-social.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="131189377574"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="MDPI"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/23/4000" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Objectives: This study aimed to assess malnutrition and muscle mass depletion risk in gastrointestinal cancer patients, exploring the differences between gastric and colorectal cancer, with a focus on gender0specific variations and dietary intake. It also examined whether muscle depletion mediates the relationship between dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Methods: A sample of 100 Jordanian pre-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients (60 male, 40 female) with gastric or colorectal cancer were assessed for malnutrition risk using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and for muscle depletion using fat-free mass index (FFMI) and mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA). Results: The study found that 80% (95% CI: 0.708–0.873) of patients were at high risk of malnutrition, with over 60% experiencing severe muscle loss. Gastric cancer patients showed higher, though not statistically significant, malnutrition risk (90.2% vs. 72.9%) and muscle depletion compared to colorectal cancer patients. Advanced cancer stages were associated with significantly higher risk of malnutrition and muscle depletion. Significant gender-specific differences in muscle depletion via FFMI (p = 0.012) and via MUAMA (p = 0.028) were also noted, especially in females with gastric cancer. Additionally, males exhibited a significantly higher malnutrition risk (p < 0.001) based on cancer stage. Patients’ dietary intake was significantly (p < 0.001) below the recommended levels for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and essential fatty acids, which was associated with higher malnutrition risk, muscle depletion, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), and significant weight loss (>10%). Low dietary intake was strongly linked to increased malnutrition risk and muscle depletion, with muscle loss partially mediating (b = 0.4972, p < 0.0001) the relationship between poor dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Additionally, higher muscle mass was protective against malnutrition (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: 1.706–150.507), and cancer type was a significant predictor of malnutrition risk (OR = 14.4, 95% CI: 1.583–130.867). Conclusions: Malnutrition risk and significant muscle loss are common in GI cancer patients, highlighting the urgent need for tailored nutrition care plans and lifestyle modifications." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nutrients-logo-social.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Latest articles" href="https://www.mdpi.com/rss"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="PxTlsg7z2S00aHroktQd57fxygEjMiNHydKn3txhvwY"> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mcoq8dtq6sb2hf7z29j8w515jjoof7" /> <script id="Cookiebot" data-cfasync="false" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" type="text/javascript" async></script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); 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><div class='html-article-content'> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <strong>This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.</strong> </div> <span itemprop="publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"></span><span itemprop="url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/23/4000"></span> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <h1 class="title hypothesis_container" itemprop="name"> Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort </h1> <div class="art-authors hypothesis_container"> by <span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13433980' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Nahla Al-Bayyari</div><div id="profile-card-drop13433980" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Nahla Al-Bayyari</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/1378784?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Nahla%20Al-Bayyari" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Nahla%20Al-Bayyari&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nahla%20Al-Bayyari" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 1,*</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13433980" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#78571b161c551b1f115714571d1519111455080a170c1d1b0c1117165b48484c484e1d481b481e494f494f481e491b484f4a1d481b481e491a4c48481a4819491a4c48484c4849"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-4402" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1732615622" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13433981' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Marah Hailat</div><div id="profile-card-drop13433981" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Marah Hailat</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/3996853?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Marah%20Hailat" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Marah%20Hailat&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marah%20Hailat" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 2</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13433981" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#83ace0ede7aee0e4eaaceface6eee2eaefaef3f1ecf7e6e0f7eaeceda0b3b3b3e0b5e7b2e5b3e0b3b6b3b6b3e0b3b7b3b2b3e0b2bab6b7b6e2b1e7b3e2b3b3b3e0b3b7b3b2b7b0b3e6b3b1b3b3"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13433982' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Ana Baylin</div><div id="profile-card-drop13433982" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Ana Baylin</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/737670?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Ana%20Baylin" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Ana%20Baylin&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ana%20Baylin" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 3,*</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13433982" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#c2eda1aca6efa1a5abedaeeda7afa3abaeefb2b0adb6a7a1b6abadace1f2f2f2f1f4f3f2f2f3faf2a6f2faf2a4f0f3f3f6f2a1f2faf2f0f2fbf6a4f2f6f2f7f3f6"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-0392" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1732615622" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a></span> </div> <div class="nrm"></div> <span style="display:block; height:6px;"></span> <div></div> <div style="margin: 5px 0 15px 0;" class="hypothesis_container"> <div class="art-affiliations"> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>1</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>2</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>3</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</div> </div> <div class="affiliation"> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>*</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bib-identity" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <em>Nutrients</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 4000; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234000">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234000</a> </div> <div class="pubhistory" style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="display: inline-block">Submission received: 6 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Revised: 20 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Accepted: 21 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Published: 22 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/nutrients/sections/Nutritional_Epidemiology">Nutritional Epidemiology</a>)<br/> </div> <div class="highlight-box1"> <div class="download"> <a class="button button--color-inversed button--drop-down" data-dropdown="drop-download-1527234" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527234" aria-expanded="false"> Download <i class="material-icons">keyboard_arrow_down</i> </a> <div id="drop-download-1527234" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--button" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <a class="UD_ArticlePDF" href="/2072-6643/16/23/4000/pdf?version=1732282972" data-name="Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort" data-journal="nutrients">Download PDF</a> <br/> </div> <a class="button button--color-inversed" href="/2072-6643/16/23/4000/review_report">Review Reports</a> <a class="button button--color-inversed" href="/2072-6643/16/23/4000/notes">Versions Notes</a> </div> </div> <div class="responsive-moving-container small hidden" data-id="article-counters" style="margin-top: 15px;"></div> <div class="html-dynamic"> <section> <h2>Abstract</h2> <div class="art-abstract art-abstract-new in-tab hypothesis_container"> Objectives: This study aimed to assess malnutrition and muscle mass depletion risk in gastrointestinal cancer patients, exploring the differences between gastric and colorectal cancer, with a focus on gender0specific variations and dietary intake. It also examined whether muscle depletion mediates the relationship between dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Methods: A sample of 100 Jordanian pre-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients (60 male, 40 female) with gastric or colorectal cancer were assessed for malnutrition risk using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and for muscle depletion using fat-free mass index (FFMI) and mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA). Results: The study found that 80% (95% CI: 0.708–0.873) of patients were at high risk of malnutrition, with over 60% experiencing severe muscle loss. Gastric cancer patients showed higher, though not statistically significant, malnutrition risk (90.2% vs. 72.9%) and muscle depletion compared to colorectal cancer patients. Advanced cancer stages were associated with significantly higher risk of malnutrition and muscle depletion. Significant gender-specific differences in muscle depletion via FFMI (<span class="html-italic">p</span> = 0.012) and via MUAMA (<span class="html-italic">p</span> = 0.028) were also noted, especially in females with gastric cancer. Additionally, males exhibited a significantly higher malnutrition risk (<span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001) based on cancer stage. Patients’ dietary intake was significantly (<span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001) below the recommended levels for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and essential fatty acids, which was associated with higher malnutrition risk, muscle depletion, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and significant weight loss (>10%). Low dietary intake was strongly linked to increased malnutrition risk and muscle depletion, with muscle loss partially mediating (b = 0.4972, <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.0001) the relationship between poor dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Additionally, higher muscle mass was protective against malnutrition (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: 1.706–150.507), and cancer type was a significant predictor of malnutrition risk (OR = 14.4, 95% CI: 1.583–130.867). Conclusions: Malnutrition risk and significant muscle loss are common in GI cancer patients, highlighting the urgent need for tailored nutrition care plans and lifestyle modifications. </div> <div class="art-keywords in-tab hypothesis_container"><strong>Keywords: </strong> <span itemprop="keywords" style="display:none">gastrointestinal cancer; malnutrition risk; muscle mass depletion; gastric cancer; colorectal cancer; dietary intake</span> <span> <a href="/search?q=gastrointestinal%20cancer">gastrointestinal cancer</a>; <a href="/search?q=malnutrition%20risk">malnutrition risk</a>; <a href="/search?q=muscle%20mass%20depletion">muscle mass depletion</a>; <a href="/search?q=gastric%20cancer">gastric cancer</a>; <a href="/search?q=colorectal%20cancer">colorectal cancer</a>; <a href="/search?q=dietary%20intake">dietary intake</a></span> </div> </section> </div> <div class="additional-content"> <h2><a name="cite"></a>Share and Cite</h2> <div class="social-media-links" style="text-align: 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Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort. <em>Nutrients</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>, 4000. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234000 </p> <div style="display: block"> <b>AMA Style</b><br> <p> Al-Bayyari N, Hailat M, Baylin A. Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort. <em>Nutrients</em>. 2024; 16(23):4000. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234000 </p> <b>Chicago/Turabian Style</b><br> <p> Al-Bayyari, Nahla, Marah Hailat, and Ana Baylin. 2024. "Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort" <em>Nutrients</em> 16, no. 23: 4000. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234000 </p> <b>APA Style</b><br> <p> Al-Bayyari, N., Hailat, M., & Baylin, A. (2024). 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