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class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gifts and gift-giving</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gifts_and_gift-giving-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gifts and gift-giving subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gifts_and_gift-giving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seasonal_gifts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seasonal_gifts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Seasonal gifts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seasonal_gifts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impolite_gifts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impolite_gifts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Impolite gifts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impolite_gifts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_gifts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_gifts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Other gifts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_gifts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Greetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters_and_postcards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters_and_postcards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Letters and postcards</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greeting_postcards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Greeting postcards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greeting_postcards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Respectful_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Respectful_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Respectful language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Respectful_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_and_public_employees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_and_public_employees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Service and public employees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_and_public_employees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Funerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_birthdays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_birthdays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Special birthdays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_birthdays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Business 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الإتيكيت في اليابان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإتيكيت في اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soziales_Verhalten_in_Japan" title="Soziales Verhalten in Japan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Soziales Verhalten in Japan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiqueta_en_Jap%C3%B3n" title="Etiqueta en Japón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etiqueta en Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="آداب معاشرت در ژاپن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آداب معاشرت در ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politesse_dans_la_culture_japonaise" title="Politesse dans la culture japonaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politesse dans la culture japonaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D6%87_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3_%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Սովորույթներ և վարվելակարգ Ճապոնիայում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սովորույթներ և վարվելակարգ Ճապոնիայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiket_di_Jepang" title="Etiket di Jepang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Etiket di Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galateo_in_Giappone" title="Galateo in Giappone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Galateo in Giappone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81%C5%86u_eti%C4%B7ete" title="Japāņu etiķete – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāņu etiķete" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n_etikett" title="Japán etikett – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán etikett" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A8%E3%83%81%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="日本のエチケット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本のエチケット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiyadagi_odatlar_va_odob-axloq_qoidalari" title="Yaponiyadagi odatlar va odob-axloq qoidalari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaponiyadagi odatlar va odob-axloq qoidalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiqueta_no_Jap%C3%A3o" title="Etiqueta no Japão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Etiqueta no Japão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comportamentul_social_%C3%AEn_Japonia" title="Comportamentul social în Japonia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comportamentul social în Japonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Обычаи и этикет в Японии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обычаи и этикет в Японии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya%27da_g%C3%B6rg%C3%BC_kurallar%C4%B1" title="Japonya'da görgü kuralları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonya'da görgü kuralları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Звичаї та етикет в Японії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Звичаї та етикет в Японії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9p_x%C3%A3_giao_t%E1%BA%A1i_Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n" title="Phép xã giao tại Nhật Bản – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phép xã giao tại Nhật Bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of etiquette in Japan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Japan" title="Category:Japan">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture of Japan</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geiko_2018_(29966920117).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Geiko_2018_%2829966920117%29.jpg/150px-Geiko_2018_%2829966920117%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Geiko_2018_%2829966920117%29.jpg/225px-Geiko_2018_%2829966920117%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Geiko_2018_%2829966920117%29.jpg/300px-Geiko_2018_%2829966920117%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="5568" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese history">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Era names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan" title="Demographics of Japan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Historical currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="History of science and technology in Japan">Science, and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_system_in_Japan" title="Health care system in Japan">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Imperial history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Japan" title="Historiography of Japan">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-occupation_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-occupation Japan">Post-Japanese occupation history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Zainichi Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cbeikei_Islanders" title="Ōbeikei Islanders">Ōbeikei Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_people" title="Yamato people">Yamato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukuyuans</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Japan" title="Languages of Japan">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_language" title="Hachijō language">Hachijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_languages" title="Ainu languages">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Writing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language" title="Japanese Sign Language">Japanese Sign Language</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditions">Traditions</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_clothing" title="Japanese clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_funeral" title="Japanese funeral">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_Japanese_games" title="List of traditional Japanese games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">Geisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C5%8Dbon" title="Wasōbon">Wasōbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Japan" title="Marriage in Japan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">Onsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sent%C5%8D" title="Sentō">Sentō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_values" title="Japanese values">Values</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Japan">folklore</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_deities" title="List of Japanese deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_creatures_from_Japan" title="List of legendary creatures from Japan">Legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_urban_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese urban legend">Urban legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_folktales" title="Japanese folktales">Folktales</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Food history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_ingredients" title="List of Japanese ingredients">Ingredients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_dishes" title="List of Japanese dishes">Dishes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_festivals" title="Japanese festivals">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon_(festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bon (festival)">Obon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_Day" title="Coming of Age Day">Coming of Age Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinamatsuri" title="Hinamatsuri">Hinamatsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanabata" title="Tanabata">Tanabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichi-Go-San" title="Shichi-Go-San">Shichi-Go-San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_festival_(Japan)" title="Cultural festival (Japan)">Cultural festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Japanese New Year</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Japan" title="Christianity in Japan">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">New religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Art</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pottery_and_porcelain" title="Japanese pottery and porcelain">Pottery and porcelain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_novel" title="Light novel">Light novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">performing arts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anison" class="mw-redirect" title="Anison">Anison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Noh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Japan">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Japan" title="Radio in Japan">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Japan" title="Television in Japan">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_mix" class="mw-redirect" title="Media mix">Media mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Mobile phone culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Japan" title="Video games in Japan">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Pornography</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Japan">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumo in Japan (page does not exist)">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Japan" title="Baseball in Japan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Japan" title="Football in Japan">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_in_Japan" title="Basketball in Japan">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Japan" title="Ice hockey in Japan">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_in_Japan" title="American football in Japan">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Japan" title="Rugby union in Japan">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_Olympics" title="Japan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan" title="Monuments of Japan">Monuments</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Landscape_(Japan)" title="Cultural Landscape (Japan)">Cultural Landscapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Property_(Japan)" title="Cultural Property (Japan)">Cultural Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Treasure_(Japan)" title="National Treasure (Japan)">National Treasures</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Japan">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Japan">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Japan">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_museums" title="Japanese museums">Museums</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Japan" title="Template:Culture of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Culture of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Etiquette in Japan</b> forms common societal expectations of <a href="/wiki/Social_behavior" title="Social behavior">social behavior</a> practiced throughout the nation of Japan. The <a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a> of Japan has changed greatly over the millennia as different civilizations influenced its culture. Modern Japanese etiquette has a strong influence from that of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>, but retains many of its unique traditional elements.<sup id="cite_ref-influence_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-influence-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bathing">Bathing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bathing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan,_Kyoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%2C_Kyoto.jpg/220px-Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%2C_Kyoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%2C_Kyoto.jpg/330px-Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%2C_Kyoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%2C_Kyoto.jpg/440px-Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%2C_Kyoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2251" data-file-height="2951" /></a><figcaption>A private <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">furo</i></span> in a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ryokan_(Japanese_inn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryokan (Japanese inn)">ryokan</a></i></span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bathing" title="Bathing">Bathing</a> is an important part of the daily routine in Japan, where bath tubs are for relaxing, not cleaning the body. Therefore, the body must be cleaned and scrubbed before entering the <a href="/wiki/Bathtub" title="Bathtub">bathtub</a> or <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ofuro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofuro">ofuro</a></i></span>. This is done in the same room as the tub, while seated on a small stool and using a hand-held shower. Soap, a wash cloth, and shampoo are provided, and the bather is expected to wash and rinse thoroughly twice before stepping into the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ofuro</i></span>. It is very important that no soap residue be transferred to the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ofuro</i></span> because the heated water is not drained after each person's use, and several hours (and the expense of a considerable amount of water) are required to heat fresh water. Any hair or debris is scooped from the water after the bath, and a lid is placed over the tub to maintain the water temperature and prevent <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporation</a>. Water heaters also continue to maintain the temperature. </p><p><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ryokan_(inn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryokan (inn)">Ryokan</a></i></span> baths have a small <a href="/wiki/Vestibule_(architecture)" title="Vestibule (architecture)">anteroom</a> for undressing before entering the bathing room. Usually there is a basket in which to place used towels and wash cloths.<sup id="cite_ref-bathing_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bathing-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a home or small inn, a traditional tub is square and deep enough that the water covers the bather's shoulders, but its length and width are small so the bather sits with the knees drawn up. A scoop is provided so the bather can douse their head with the tub water. Because the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ofuro</i></span> is meant for a relaxing private soak, yet serves numerous people, the bather needs to be careful not to indulge too long. Many <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryokan</i></span> close the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ofuro</i></span> for several hours every day so the room can be cleaned and aired, and some require guests to sign up for specific soak times. </p><p>In homes with small tubs, family members bathe one by one in order of <a href="/wiki/Seniority" title="Seniority">seniority</a>, traditionally starting with the oldest male or the oldest person in the household. If there are guests in the home, they will be given priority. In homes with larger tubs, it is not uncommon for family members to bathe together. Typically one or both parents will bathe with babies and toddlers, and even as children grow older they may still bathe with one of their parents. Some homes transfer the hot bath water to a clothes-washing machine. </p><p>Bathtubs are increasingly common in modern Japanese homes; however, in cities there are still many small and old apartments that do not have bathtubs, so public <a href="/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">bathhouses</a> called <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sent%C5%8D" title="Sentō">sentō</a></i></span> are common. A regular bathhouse will have <a href="/wiki/Tap_water" title="Tap water">tap water</a> heated in a boiler. In all but the most rural areas, public baths are segregated by gender. Customers bathe nude, many using a small washcloth to cover their genitals. Hotels, <a href="/wiki/Pachinko" title="Pachinko">pachinko</a> parlors and other venues may have on-site <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sentō</i></span> for customer use. The same soaping, scrubbing, and rinsing rules apply as in homes and <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryokan</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-bathing_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bathing-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Baths.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Japanese_Baths.jpg/220px-Japanese_Baths.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Japanese_Baths.jpg/330px-Japanese_Baths.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Japanese_Baths.jpg/440px-Japanese_Baths.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>1901 image of a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sentō</i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>An <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">onsen</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">温泉</span></span>)</span> is a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">hot spring</a>. These baths use water heated by geothermal springs and often are incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Resort" title="Resort">resort</a>-like destinations in the countryside where people stay for a day or more. They may have a variety of soaking pools and tubs, some indoors and some outdoors, some communal and some private. Larger <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">onsen</i></span> will have separate pools for men and women, and visitors normally bathe nude. </p><p>Many <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sentō</i></span> and <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">onsen</i></span> ban customers with <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoos</a>, which are traditionally <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a>, citing concerns over <a href="/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza">yakuza</a> activity.<sup id="cite_ref-bathing_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bathing-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bowing">Bowing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bowing_in_Japan" title="Bowing in Japan">Bowing in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greeting_in_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Greeting_in_Japan.jpg/220px-Greeting_in_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Greeting_in_Japan.jpg/330px-Greeting_in_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Greeting_in_Japan.jpg/440px-Greeting_in_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Bowing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greeting_when_sitting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Greeting_when_sitting.jpg/220px-Greeting_when_sitting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Greeting_when_sitting.jpg/330px-Greeting_when_sitting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Greeting_when_sitting.jpg/440px-Greeting_when_sitting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>Bowing in the tatami room</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bowing" title="Bowing">Bowing</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">お辞儀</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">o-jigi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> is probably the feature of Japanese etiquette that is best known outside Japan. Bowing is extremely important: although children normally begin learning how to bow at a very young age, companies commonly train their employees precisely how they are to bow.<sup id="cite_ref-ogasawara_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogasawara-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Basic bows are performed by bending from the waist with the back and neck straight, hands at the sides (males) or clasped at the lap (females), and eyes looking down. The body is composed but not rigid. Generally, the longer and deeper the bow, the stronger the emotion and respect expressed. </p><p>The three main types of bows are informal, formal, and very formal. Informal bows are made at about a fifteen-degree angle or just tilt over one's head to the front, and more formal bows at about thirty degrees. Very formal bows are deeper.<sup id="cite_ref-ogasawara_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogasawara-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The etiquette surrounding bowing, including the length, depth, and appropriate response, is exceedingly complex. For example, if one person maintains their bow longer than the other person expected (generally about two or three seconds), the person who rose first may express politeness by bowing a second time—and then receive another bow in response. This often leads to a long exchange of progressively lighter bows. </p><p>Generally, one who is considered lower ranking in Japanese society bows longer, more deeply, and more frequently than one of a higher rank. A higher ranked person addressing a lower ranked person will generally only nod slightly, and some may not bow at all. A lower ranked person will bend forward from the waist. It is important to try to gauge the appropriate depth and duration of bows in different situations: a bow that is too deep or too long for the situation can be interpreted as <a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">sarcasm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-barton_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bows of <a href="/wiki/Apology_(act)" title="Apology (act)">apology</a> tend to be deeper and last longer, occurring with frequency throughout the apology, generally at about 45 degrees with the head lowered and lasting for at least the count of three, sometimes longer. The depth, frequency, and duration of the bow increases with the sincerity of the apology and severity of the offense. Occasionally, in the case of apology and begging, people crouch (in a position similar to <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">sujud</a>) to show absolute submission or extreme regret. This is called <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dogeza" title="Dogeza">dogeza</a></i></span>. Even though <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">dogeza</i></span> was previously considered very formal, today it is mostly regarded as contempt for oneself, so it is not used in everyday settings. </p><p>Bows of thanks follow the same pattern. In extreme cases a kneeling bow is performed; this bow is sometimes so deep that the forehead touches the floor. This is called <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">most respectful bow</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">最敬礼</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">saikeirei</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-ogasawara_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogasawara-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When dealing with non-Japanese people, many Japanese will <a href="/wiki/Handshake" title="Handshake">shake hands</a>. Since many non-Japanese are familiar with the custom of bowing, this often leads to a combined bow and handshake which can become complicated. Bows may be combined with handshakes or performed before or after shaking hands. Generally when bowing in close proximity, as necessitated when combining bowing and shaking hands, people turn slightly to one side (usually the left) to avoid bumping heads.<sup id="cite_ref-barton_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Making_payment">Making payment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Making payment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is common for Japanese businesses to set out a small tray near a cash register so customers can place their money on the tray rather than handing it directly to the cashier. If a business provides such a tray, it is a breach of etiquette to disregard it and instead hold out the money for the cashier to take by hand.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tray should not be confused with the North American "<a href="/wiki/Take_a_penny,_leave_a_penny" title="Take a penny, leave a penny">Take a penny, leave a penny</a>" tray for small change. <a href="/wiki/Tip_(gratuity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tip (gratuity)">Tipping</a> is also generally a rare occurrence in Japan, and typically should not be attempted without the use of an envelope.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eating_and_drinking">Eating and drinking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eating and drinking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Japanese_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Japanese dining">Customs and etiquette in Japanese dining</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Itadakimasu_said.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Itadakimasu_said.png/220px-Itadakimasu_said.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Itadakimasu_said.png/330px-Itadakimasu_said.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Itadakimasu_said.png/440px-Itadakimasu_said.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>A boy saying <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">"itadakimasu"</i></span> before eating, which is common practice according to Japanese etiquette</figcaption></figure> <p>Meals in Japan traditionally begin with the word <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">itadakimasu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">いただきます</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">I humbly receive</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span>. Similar to <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bon_app%C3%A9tit" class="extiw" title="wikt:bon appétit">bon appétit</a></i> or saying <a href="/wiki/Grace_(prayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace (prayer)">grace</a>, it expresses gratitude for all who played a role in providing the food, including farmers, as well as the living <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> that gave their life to become part of the meal.<sup id="cite_ref-Szatrowski_2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szatrowski_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saying <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">itadakimasu</i></span> before a meal has been described as both a secular<sup id="cite_ref-Szatrowski_2014_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szatrowski_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a religious practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Szatrowski_2014_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szatrowski_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ofuse_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ofuse-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon finishing a meal, the Japanese use the <a href="/wiki/Politeness" title="Politeness">polite</a> phrase <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">gochisōsama-deshita</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ごちそうさまでした</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">that was (the condition of) a(n honorable) feast</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span>. In response, the preparer often says <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">osomatsusama-deshita</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">おそまつさまでした</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">I think that meal was not feast</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not rude to have leftovers on the plate, as it is taken as a signal to the host that one wishes to be served another helping. Conversely, finishing one's meal completely, especially the rice, indicates that one is satisfied and therefore does not wish to be served any more.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children are especially encouraged to eat every last grain of rice (see also <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mottainai" title="Mottainai">mottainai</a></i></span> as <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> philosophy). It is impolite to pick out certain ingredients and leave the rest. It is expected to chew with the mouth closed. </p><p>It is acceptable to lift soup and rice bowls to the mouth so one does not spill food. <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a> is drunk directly from its (small) bowl. Larger soups and those with chunky ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> may come with a spoon to be used in conjunction with chopsticks.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noodles from hot soup are often blown on (once lifted from the soup) to cool them before eating; and it is appropriate to slurp certain foods, especially ramen or <a href="/wiki/Soba" title="Soba">soba</a> noodles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, slurping may not be practiced universally, and Western-style noodles (<a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a>) may adhere to this exception. </p><p>It is uncommon for Japanese people to eat or drink while walking in public. Drink <a href="/wiki/Vending_machine#Popularity_in_Japan" title="Vending machine">vending machines in Japan</a> generally have a recycling bin for used bottles and cans, so one can consume the drink there; and in summer months one may see groups drinking near a vending machine.<sup id="cite_ref-asta_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asta-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-putinja_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putinja-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some consider it rude to eat in public, but this is not a universally held aversion. </p><p>In Japanese restaurants, customers are given a rolled hand towel called <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Oshibori" title="Oshibori">oshibori</a></i></span>. It is considered rude to use the towel to wipe the face or neck; however, some people, usually men, do this at more informal restaurants. Non-woven towelettes are replacing the cloth <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">oshibori</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In any situation, an uncertain diner can observe what others are doing; for non-Japanese people to ask how to do something properly is also generally received with appreciation for the acknowledgment of cultural differences and expression of interest in learning Japanese ways.<sup id="cite_ref-putinja_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putinja-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chopsticks">Chopsticks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chopsticks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chopsticks" title="Chopsticks">Chopsticks</a></div> <p>Chopsticks<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">はし</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">hashi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> have been used in Japan since the <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a> (710–794).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many traditions and unwritten rules surrounding the use of chopsticks. For example, it is considered particularly taboo to pass food from chopsticks to chopsticks, as this is how bones are handled by the family of the deceased after a cremation. If one must pass food to someone else during a meal (a questionable practice in public), the person picks up the food by reversing the chopsticks to use the end which were not in direct contact with the handlers mouth, and place it on a small plate, allowing the recipient to retrieve it (with the recipient's own chopsticks). If no other utensils are available while sharing plates of food, the ends of the chopsticks are used to retrieve the shared food. Mismatched chopsticks are not used. Standing chopsticks vertically in a bowl of rice is avoided, as it recalls burning incense sticks standing up in sand, typically at funerals;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the act of stabbing the chopsticks into the food resembles an action devout Buddhists perform when offering ceremonial food to their ancestors at the household shrine. Placing chopsticks so that they point at someone else is considered a symbolic threat.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Japanese restaurants provide diners with single-use wooden/bamboo chopsticks that are snapped apart near their tops (which are thicker than the bottoms). As a result, the attachment area may produce small splinters. Rubbing chopsticks together to remove splinters is considered impolite, implying that one thinks the utensils are cheap.<sup id="cite_ref-asta_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asta-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-putinja_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putinja-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visiting_other_people's_houses"><span id="Visiting_other_people.27s_houses"></span>Visiting other people's houses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Visiting other people's houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_house_slippers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Japanese_house_slippers.jpg/220px-Japanese_house_slippers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Japanese_house_slippers.jpg/330px-Japanese_house_slippers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Japanese_house_slippers.jpg/440px-Japanese_house_slippers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3393" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Wooden step into a Japanese hotel, where a person takes off shoes and wears the house slippers provided</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greeting_at_the_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Greeting_at_the_entrance.jpg/220px-Greeting_at_the_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Greeting_at_the_entrance.jpg/330px-Greeting_at_the_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Greeting_at_the_entrance.jpg/440px-Greeting_at_the_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>At the entrance</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seeing_your_guests_off.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Seeing_your_guests_off.jpg/220px-Seeing_your_guests_off.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Seeing_your_guests_off.jpg/330px-Seeing_your_guests_off.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Seeing_your_guests_off.jpg/440px-Seeing_your_guests_off.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Seeing guests off</figcaption></figure> <p>It is considered an honor to be invited to someone's home in Japan. Many Japanese regard their homes as being too humble to entertain guests. Shoes are never worn inside the home – this ensures that the floor is not stained by soil, sand or dust that may be attached to the soles. Instead, shoes are removed in the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Genkan" title="Genkan">genkan</a></i></span> (mudroom or entrance foyer), and often replaced with slippers called <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Uwabaki" title="Uwabaki">uwabaki</a></i></span>. Just wearing socks is also acceptable in informal situations. <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Genkan</i></span> are found in even small apartments, where they are correspondingly small, and feature a small step up. Socks, however, are not generally removed – bare feet are acceptable when visiting a close friend, but not otherwise. There are also separate slippers used when using a bathroom, for reasons of hygiene. Slippers are not worn on <a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">tatami</a> (traditional Japanese floor mats), as doing so may wear the mats out.<sup id="cite_ref-genkan_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genkan-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wooden <a href="/wiki/Geta_(footwear)" title="Geta (footwear)">geta</a> are provided for short walks outside when entering the house. It is generally considered polite to wear shoes instead of sandals, but sandal wearers may carry a pair of white socks to put over their bare feet or stockings, so that their bare feet will not touch the slippers that the host offers, or they may use <a href="/wiki/Tabi" title="Tabi">tabi</a> socks, worn with the sandals. The shoes are turned around so that the toe faces the door after taking them off. During the winter time, if a guest is wearing a coat or hat, the guest will remove the coat or hat before the host opens the door. When the guest is leaving, they do not put on the coat or hat until the door has closed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding seating arrangements, see <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kamiza" title="Kamiza">kamiza</a></i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gifts_and_gift-giving">Gifts and gift-giving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gifts and gift-giving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20080317-100-dollar-muskmelon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/20080317-100-dollar-muskmelon.jpg/220px-20080317-100-dollar-muskmelon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/20080317-100-dollar-muskmelon.jpg/330px-20080317-100-dollar-muskmelon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/20080317-100-dollar-muskmelon.jpg/440px-20080317-100-dollar-muskmelon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption>¥10000 (approx. US$100) <a href="/wiki/Cucumis_melo" title="Cucumis melo">melon</a>, carefully cultivated and selected for its lack of imperfections, intended as a gift in the Japanese custom of gift-giving</figcaption></figure> <p>Many people will ask a guest to open a gift, but if they do not, the recipient will resist the urge to ask if they can open the gift. Since the act of accepting a gift can create a sense of unfulfilled obligation on the part of the receiver, gifts are sometimes refused, depending on the situation. However, refusing a gift from someone of a higher rank can be considered rude, and is usually frowned upon.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosrock_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosrock-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seasonal_gifts">Seasonal gifts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Seasonal gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two gift seasons in Japan, called [[[seibo (Japan)|seibo]]<span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B3%E6%9A%AE" class="extiw" title="ja:歳暮">ja</a>]</span>] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">歳暮</span></span>)</span> and [[[chūgen (Japan)|chūgen]]<span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83" class="extiw" title="ja:中元">ja</a>]</span>] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">中元</span></span>)</span>. One is for winter and the other is for summer. Gifts are given to those with whom one has a relationship, especially the people who have helped the gift giver. At those periods a subordinate will give gifts to a superior at the office, a pupil gives something to the master at tea ceremony classes, and even offices will prepare a courtesy gift for their business partners. For <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">chūgen</i></span>, July 20 is the latest date to deliver gifts for those living in Tokyo area.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosrock_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosrock-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impolite_gifts">Impolite gifts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Impolite gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_Paul%27s_Lemon_Pillar1UME.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rosa_Paul%27s_Lemon_Pillar1UME.jpg/220px-Rosa_Paul%27s_Lemon_Pillar1UME.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rosa_Paul%27s_Lemon_Pillar1UME.jpg/330px-Rosa_Paul%27s_Lemon_Pillar1UME.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rosa_Paul%27s_Lemon_Pillar1UME.jpg/440px-Rosa_Paul%27s_Lemon_Pillar1UME.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>White flowers are not appropriate gifts as they are associated with funerals and bereavement in Japan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some items prominently displaying the numbers 4 and 9 are not given, since the reading of 4<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tetraphobia" title="Tetraphobia">suggests death</a>, while 9<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ku</i></span>)</span> can also be read as a homonym for suffering or torture. Thus, a comb, or <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kushi</i></span> is a carefully avoided item to give as a gift,<sup id="cite_ref-Bosrock_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosrock-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as its name is reminiscent of the reading for 49<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shiku</i></span>)</span>, which is a homonym for 'suffering until death'.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For wedding gifts, mirrors and ceramic wares as well as glassware, scissors and knives are not appropriate gifts because of the symbolism of breaking up or cutting the relationship, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosrock_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosrock-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clocks and other timepieces are also avoided, as they may be seen as symbolic of the relationship fading with the passage of time.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a gift for a new home or a newly opened shop, anything that brings to mind fire or arson is avoided, including an ashtray, stove, heater or cigarette lighter, unless the intended recipient specifically requests it. If the recipient is older than the giver, or for those celebrating <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hwangab" class="mw-redirect" title="Hwangab">kanreki</a></i></span>, shoes and socks are considered "to stamp on" the person.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_gifts">Other gifts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another custom in Japan is for women to give men chocolate on <a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chocolate can be given to the object of the woman's affection, or to any man the woman is connected to. The latter is called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">giri-choko</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">義理チョコ</span></span>, obligation chocolate)</span>. Men who receive chocolate on Valentine's Day give something back to those they received from, one month later on <a href="/wiki/White_Day" title="White Day">White Day</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greetings">Greetings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Greetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Greetings are considered to be of extreme importance in Japanese culture. Students in elementary and secondary schools are often admonished to deliver greetings with energy and vigor. A lazy greeting is regarded with the type of disdain that would accompany a limp handshake in parts of the West. </p><p>The most common greetings are <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ohayō gozaimasu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">おはようございます</span></span>)</span> or "good morning", used until about 11:00<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m. but may be used at any time of day. If it is the first occasion that day the two people have met, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">konnichiwa</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">こんにちは</span></span>)</span> is used, which is roughly equivalent to "good day" or "good afternoon" and is used until late afternoon; and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">konbanwa</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">今晩は</span></span>)</span> or "good evening". <a href="/wiki/Japanese_honorifics" title="Japanese honorifics">Different forms</a> of these greetings may be used depending on the relative social statuses of the speaker and the listener.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters_and_postcards">Letters and postcards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Letters and postcards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles">Titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_honorifics" title="Japanese honorifics">Japanese honorifics</a></div> <p>The titles for people are <i>-chan</i> (most often for female close friends, young girls or infants of either gender), <i>-kun</i> (most often for male close friends, or young boys), <i>-san</i> (for adults in general) and <i>-sama</i> (for customers, and also used for feudal lords, <a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">gods</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">buddhas</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-reischauer_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reischauer-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Letter addresses, even those sent to close friends, are normally written in quite formal language. Unless some other title is available (<i><a href="/wiki/Sensei" title="Sensei">sensei</a></i>, for example, which can mean "doctor" or "professor" among other things) the standard title used with the addressee's name is the very formal <i>-sama</i> (様). Letters addressed to a company take the title <i>onchū</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">御中</span></span>)</span> after the company name. It is also considered important to mention in the address if the company is incorporated (<a href="/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha" title="Kabushiki gaisha">kabushiki gaisha</a>) or limited (<a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABgen_gaisha" title="Yūgen gaisha">yūgen gaisha</a>). When a letter is addressed to a company employee at their place of work, the address contains the full name of the place of work, as well as the title of the employee's position, and the full name of the employee.<sup id="cite_ref-reischauer_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reischauer-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letter_writing_materials">Letter writing materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Letter writing materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Personal letters are traditionally written by hand using blue or black ink, or with a writing brush and black ink. The preferred paper is <i><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">washi</a></i> (Japanese paper). Although letters may be written <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">vertically or horizontally</a> (<i>tategaki</i> and <i>yokogaki</i>), vertical orientation is traditional and more formal. Red ink in letter writing is avoided, since writing a person's name in red ink suggests a wish for that person to die.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosrock_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosrock-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greeting_postcards">Greeting postcards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Greeting postcards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Japanese New Year</a></div> <p>In Japan, holiday-goers do not send postcards. Instead, the tradition in Japan is for a holiday goer to bring back a souvenir, often edible (see "<a href="#Gifts_and_gift-giving">Gifts and gift-giving</a>"). However, New Year's greeting postcards, or <i>nengajō</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">年賀状</span></span>)</span>, are a tradition similar to Christmas cards in the West. If sent within a time limit, the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Post" title="Japan Post">Japanese post office</a> will deliver the cards on the morning of New Year's Day. These are decorated with motifs based on the year of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a> which is starting. They request the addressee's continued favor in the new year. If one receives a card from someone to whom one has not sent a card, etiquette dictates that one must send a card in return, to arrive no later than the seventh of January.<sup id="cite_ref-elwood_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elwood-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, if a relative of a person has died during that year, they will send a postcard written in black before the New Year apologizing for not sending a New Year's card. The rationale for this is that since their relative has died they cannot wish or experience a happy new year. In this case, the etiquette is not to send them a New Year's Greeting either. </p><p>Summer cards are sent as well. <i>Shochu-mimai</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">暑中見舞い</span></span>)</span> cards are sent from July to August 7 and <i>zansho-mimai</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">残暑見舞い</span></span>)</span> cards are sent from August 8 until the end of August. These often contain a polite inquiry about the recipient's health. They are usually sold from the post office and as such contain a lottery number.<sup id="cite_ref-elwood_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elwood-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Respectful_language">Respectful language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Respectful language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese" title="Honorific speech in Japanese">Honorific speech in Japanese</a></div> <p>There is an entire grammatical rule-set for speaking respectfully to superiors, customers, etc., and this plays a large part in good etiquette and in society as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese children are taught to act harmoniously and cooperatively with others from the time they go to pre-school. </p><p>This need for harmonious relationships between people is reflected in much Japanese behavior. Many place great emphasis on politeness, personal responsibility and working together for the universal, rather than the individual, good. They present disagreeable facts in a gentle and indirect fashion. They see working in harmony as the crucial ingredient for working productively.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_and_public_employees">Service and public employees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Service and public employees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japan is frequently cited by non-Japanese as a place where service is excellent. Such claims are difficult, if not impossible, to quantify. Nevertheless, service at public establishments such as restaurants, drinking places, shops and services is generally friendly, attentive and very polite, as reflected in a common reminder given by managers and employers to their employees: <i>"okyaku-sama wa kami-sama desu"</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">お客様は神様です</span></span>), or "the customer is a god." (This is comparable to the western saying, "<a href="/wiki/The_customer_is_always_right" title="The customer is always right">the customer is always right</a>" and the Sanskrit saying "<a href="/wiki/Atithi_Devo_Bhav" class="mw-redirect" title="Atithi Devo Bhav">atithi devo bhavati</a>"). Generally, service employees will seldom engage in casual conversation with a customer with the aim of forming a rapport as sometimes happens in western cultures. The service employees are expected to maintain a more formal, professional relationship with all customers. Private conversations among service staff are considered inappropriate when a customer is near. </p><p>In general, as in most countries, etiquette dictates that the customer is treated with reverence. In Japan this means that employees speak in a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_honorifics" title="Japanese honorifics">humble and deferential manner</a> and use respectful forms of language that elevate the customer. Thus, customers are typically addressed with the title <i>–sama</i> (roughly equivalent to "sir" or "madam" in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>). A customer is not expected to reciprocate this level of politeness to a server. </p><p>Dress for employees is normally neat and formal, depending on the type and style of establishment. Public employees such as <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan" title="Law enforcement in Japan">police officers</a>, taxi drivers, and the <a href="/wiki/Pusher_(railway_station_attendant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pusher (railway station attendant)">pushers</a> whose job is to ensure that as many people as possible board the rush-hour trains—and other types of employees who must touch people—often wear white gloves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funerals">Funerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Funerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_funeral" title="Japanese funeral">Japanese funeral</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JapaneseFuneralEnvelope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/JapaneseFuneralEnvelope.jpg/220px-JapaneseFuneralEnvelope.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/JapaneseFuneralEnvelope.jpg/330px-JapaneseFuneralEnvelope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/JapaneseFuneralEnvelope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>The design of a traditional "<i>kōden-bukuro</i>", usually for amount below 5,000 yen</figcaption></figure> <p>People attending a Japanese funeral bring money called <i>kōden</i> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%85%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:香典">香典</a></span></span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> either in special funeral offering envelopes <i>kōden-bukuro</i> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%85%B8#香典袋" class="extiw" title="ja:香典">香典袋</a></span></span>)</span> or small plain white envelopes.<sup id="cite_ref-mente_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mente-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the <i>kōden-bukuro</i>, the folded end at the bottom is be placed under the top fold, as the opposite or the bottom fold over the top one suggests that bad luck will become a series of misfortunes. Formally, there is a small bag called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><b><a href="/wiki/Fukusa#For_covering_gifts" title="Fukusa">Fukusa</a></b></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">袱紗</span></span>, also written as 帛紗 and 服紗)</span> in which a person puts the envelope and brings to the funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-mente_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mente-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The appropriate format of <i>kōden-bukuro</i> varies depending on the ceremony style/religion as well as the amount of money put in. The title a person writes on the center of the face side is defined by religion as well as when to bring either for the Japanese wake or for the funeral proper. People also bring money to <i>shijūkunichi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">49日</span></span>)</span> the forty-ninth day service after death, especially when they did not attend the funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-mente_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mente-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, banknotes placed in <i>kōden-bukuro</i> should never be uncirculated, but rather be worn and bear signs of use; presenting new money is considered rude, as it could be taken to mean that the person giving the money had predicted the death and thus had time to order new banknotes to use.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_birthdays">Special birthdays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Special birthdays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Seven, five, three</b>: <a href="/wiki/Shichi-go-san" class="mw-redirect" title="Shichi-go-san">Shichi-go-san</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">七五三</span></span>) is an event held on November 15 for children of these ages.<sup id="cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Twenty</b>: The twentieth birthday, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">二十歳</span></span> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">二十</span></span>, is when a person becomes an adult and can drink alcohol and smoke tobacco.<sup id="cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pronounced <i>hatachi</i>.</li> <li><b>Sixty</b>: The sixtieth birthday is the occasion of <i>kanreki</i>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">還暦</span></span>, when five cycles of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a> have completed.<sup id="cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Seventy</b>: The seventieth birthday is the occasion of <i>koki</i>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">古希</span></span>, "age rarely attained", as taken from a verse <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">「人生七十古來稀なり」</span></span> meaning "very few live a long life up to 70 years of age" in a Chinese poem <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">"曲江二首其二"</span></span> by <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Seventy-seven</b>: The seventy-seventh birthday is the occasion of <i>kiju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">喜寿</span></span>, "happy age", because the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese character</a> 喜 written in cursive style looks like the characters for seventy-seven (七十七).<sup id="cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Eighty</b>: The eightieth birthday is the occasion of <i>sanju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">傘寿</span></span>, "umbrella age", because the Chinese character for umbrella, 傘 in cursive style as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仐</span></span>, looks like the characters for eighty (八十).</li> <li><b>Eighty-eight</b>: The eighty-eighth birthday is the occasion of <i>beiju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">米寿</span></span>, "rice age", because the Chinese character for rice, 米, looks like the characters for eighty-eight (八十八).<sup id="cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Ninety</b>: The ninetieth birthday is the occasion of <i>sotsuju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">卒寿</span></span>, "outgrowing age", because the Chinese character for outgrowth, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">卒</span></span> in cursive style as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">卆</span></span>, looks like the characters for ninety (九十).</li> <li><b>Ninety-nine</b>: The ninety-ninth birthday is the occasion of <i>hakuju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">白寿</span></span>, "white age", because the Chinese character for white, 白, looks like the Chinese character for one hundred, 百, with the top stroke (which means "one") removed.<sup id="cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Hundred</b>: The hundredth birthday is the occasion of <i>momoju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">百寿</span></span>, "centenary age". Also spelled <i>kiju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">紀寿</span></span>.</li> <li><b>Hundred and eight</b>: The hundred-and-eighth birthday is the occasion of <i>chaju</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">茶寿</span></span>, "tea age", because the Chinese character for tea, 茶, looks like the characters for ten, ten, and eighty-eight to add up to 108 (十、十、八十八).<sup id="cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_cards">Business cards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Business cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Business_card#Japan" title="Business card">Business card § Japan</a></div> <p>Business cards are exchanged with care, at the very start of the meeting. Standing opposite each person, people exchanging cards offer them with both hands so that the other person can read it.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cards are not tossed across the table or held out casually with one hand. Cards are accepted with both hands and studied for a moment, then set carefully on the table in front of the receiver's seat or placed in a business card holder with a smile.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If needed, one may ask how to pronounce someone's name at this juncture. When meeting a group of people, cards can be put in front of the receiver on the table for reference during the conversation or immediately placed in the receiver's card holder. Cards are never put in one's pocket or wallet, nor written on in the presence of the other person.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This attention to business card etiquette is intended to show respect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aizuchi" title="Aizuchi">Aizuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercultural_competence" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercultural competence">Intercultural competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_issues_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic issues in Japan">Ethnic issues in Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-influence-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-influence_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Info&rft.atitle=4+Types+of+Gifts+You+Should+Never+Give+in+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjpninfo.com%2F4235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Yeager2009" class="citation web cs1">Chris Yeager (2009-02-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725083844/http://jasgp.org/content/view/636/179/">"Valentine's Day in Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_America_Society_of_Greater_Philadelphia" title="Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia">Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia</a> (JASGP)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jasgp.org/content/view/636/179/">the original</a> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+America+Society+of+Greater+Philadelphia+%28JASGP%29&rft.atitle=Valentine%27s+Day+in+Japan&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft.au=Chris+Yeager&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjasgp.org%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F636%2F179%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElwood2001" class="citation book cs1">Elwood, Kate (2001). <i>Getting along with the Japanese</i>. Getting Closer to Japan (1st ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Ask. pp. 38–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4872170652" title="Special:BookSources/4872170652"><bdi>4872170652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+along+with+the+Japanese&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.series=Getting+Closer+to+Japan&rft.pages=38-39&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ask&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=4872170652&rft.aulast=Elwood&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reischauer-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reischauer_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reischauer_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reischauer, Edwin O. (2002). Encyclopedia of Japan. Tōkyō: NetAdvance Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elwood-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elwood_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elwood_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElwood2001" class="citation book cs1">Elwood, Kate (2001). "Greeting Cards". <i>Getting along with the Japanese</i> (1st ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Ask. pp. 66–67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4872170652" title="Special:BookSources/4872170652"><bdi>4872170652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greeting+Cards&rft.btitle=Getting+along+with+the+Japanese&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pages=66-67&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ask&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=4872170652&rft.aulast=Elwood&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor" class="citation book cs1">Trevor, Malco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1903350026"><i>Japan – Restless Competitor: The Pursuit of Economic Nationalism</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+%E2%80%93+Restless+Competitor%3A+The+Pursuit+of+Economic+Nationalism&rft.aulast=Trevor&rft.aufirst=Malco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D1903350026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span> p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwintessential" class="citation web cs1">Kwintessential, Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020024918/http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/japan-country-profiles.html">"Japan – Etiquette and Culture"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/japan-country-profiles.html">the original</a> on 2008-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+%E2%80%93+Etiquette+and+Culture&rft.aulast=Kwintessential&rft.aufirst=Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kwintessential.co.uk%2Fresources%2Fglobal-etiquette%2Fjapan-country-profiles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElwood2001" class="citation book cs1">Elwood, Kate (2001). "Death". <i>Getting along with the Japanese</i> (1st ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Ask. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4872170652" title="Special:BookSources/4872170652"><bdi>4872170652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Death&rft.btitle=Getting+along+with+the+Japanese&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pages=88&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ask&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=4872170652&rft.aulast=Elwood&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mente-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mente_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mente_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mente_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMente1990" class="citation book cs1">Mente, Boye Lafayette De (1990). "Funerals". <i>Etiquette guide to Japan: know the rules that make the difference</i>. Rutland, Vt.: C.E. Tuttle Co. pp. 100–102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-3417-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-3417-2"><bdi>0-8048-3417-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Funerals&rft.btitle=Etiquette+guide+to+Japan%3A+know+the+rules+that+make+the+difference&rft.place=Rutland%2C+Vt.&rft.pages=100-102&rft.pub=C.E.+Tuttle+Co.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8048-3417-2&rft.aulast=Mente&rft.aufirst=Boye+Lafayette+De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLtd" class="citation web cs1">Ltd, Plaza Homes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realestate-tokyo.com/living-in-tokyo/religion/funerals/">"Japanese Funeral Etiquette: Some Helpful Guidelines"</a>. <i>PLAZA HOMES</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLAZA+HOMES&rft.atitle=Japanese+Funeral+Etiquette%3A+Some+Helpful+Guidelines&rft.aulast=Ltd&rft.aufirst=Plaza+Homes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realestate-tokyo.com%2Fliving-in-tokyo%2Freligion%2Ffunerals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElwoodAge-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ElwoodAge_36-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElwood2001" class="citation book cs1">Elwood, Kate (2001). "Age-Related Events". <i>Getting along with the Japanese</i> (1st ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Ask. pp. 84–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4872170652" title="Special:BookSources/4872170652"><bdi>4872170652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Age-Related+Events&rft.btitle=Getting+along+with+the+Japanese&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pages=84-85&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ask&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=4872170652&rft.aulast=Elwood&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/人生七十古来稀なり-538036">"人生七十古来稀なり"</a>. <i>デジタル大辞泉の解説</i>. The Asahi Shimbun Company / VOYAGE GROUP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%B3%89%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%A5%E7%A8%80%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%A5%E7%A8%80%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A-538036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rochelle Kopp (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanintercultural.com/en/news/default.aspx?newsID=222">Hosting Japanese visitors at your office</a>. <i>Japan Intercultural Consulting</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia Pringle (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanintercultural.com/en/news/default.aspx?newsID=47">"Hajimemashite: The chance of a lifetime"</a> <i>Japan Intercultural Consulting</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rochelle Kopp. Japanese Business Etiquette Guide, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanintercultural.com/en/japaneseBusinessEtiquetteGuide/whenJapaneseVisitYourOffice.aspx">When Japanese visit your office</a>. <i>Japan Intercultural Consulting</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Japan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commisceo-global.com/resources/country-guides/japan-guide">Japanese Culture, Customs, Business Practices & Etiquette</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/japan-country-profiles.html">Japan – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020024918/http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/japan-country-profiles.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seiyaku.com/seiyaku/en/western-wedding.html">Western Style Weddings in Japan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyotobaths.info/etiquette/">Public bathing etiquette in Japan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanesebusinessguide.com/japanese-business-meeting-etiquette-guide.html">Japanese Business Etiquette Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snippets.com/what-is-the-right-way-to-eat-sushi.htm">Illustrated Guide to Sushi Etiquette</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanintercultural.com/en/japaneseBusinessEtiquetteGuide/default.aspx">Japan Intercultural Consulting: Japanese Business Etiquette Guide</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBramble2008" class="citation book cs1">Bramble, P. Sean (2008). <i>Japan: a survival guide to customs and etiquette</i>. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-5488-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-5488-5"><bdi>978-0-7614-5488-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%3A+a+survival+guide+to+customs+and+etiquette&rft.place=Tarrytown%2C+NY&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-5488-5&rft.aulast=Bramble&rft.aufirst=P.+Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtiquette+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Etiquette_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Etiquette_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Asia" title="Etiquette in Asia">Etiquette in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Indonesia" title="Etiquette in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Israel (page does not exist)">Israel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_South_Korea" title="Etiquette in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Myanmar" title="Etiquette in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in the Philippines (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiquette_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiquette in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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