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id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=GIOVE" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=GIOVE" title="You're encouraged to log in; 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satellites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Satellites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Satellites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Satellites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Satellites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-GIOVE-A" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GIOVE-A"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>GIOVE-A</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GIOVE-A-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launched_on_28_December_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launched_on_28_December_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Launched on 28 December 2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launched_on_28_December_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Galileo_transmissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Galileo_transmissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>First Galileo transmissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Galileo_transmissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Technical details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GIOVE-B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GIOVE-B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>GIOVE-B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GIOVE-B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launched_on_27_April_2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launched_on_27_April_2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Launched on 27 April 2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launched_on_27_April_2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Galileo_navigation_transmissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Galileo_navigation_transmissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>First Galileo navigation transmissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Galileo_navigation_transmissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_details_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_details_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Technical details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_details_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GIOVE-A2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GIOVE-A2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>GIOVE-A2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GIOVE-A2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_segment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_segment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mission segment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_segment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GIOVE_Mission_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GIOVE_Mission_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>GIOVE Mission history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GIOVE_Mission_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE-B&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-B">GIOVE-B</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the satellites. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/GIOVE_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="GIOVE (disambiguation)">GIOVE (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><b>GIOVE</b></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> for '<a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>'; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈdʒɔːve]</a></span>), or <b>Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element</b>, is the name for two <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) to test technology in orbit for the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo positioning system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name was chosen as a tribute to <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, who discovered the first four <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellites</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, and later discovered that they could be used as a universal <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clock</a> to obtain the <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> of a point on the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s surface. </p><p>The GIOVE satellites are operated by the <a href="/wiki/GIOVE_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE Mission">GIOVE Mission</a><sup id="cite_ref-esa_int_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa_int-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/GIOVE_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE Mission">GIOVE-M</a>) segment in the frame of the risk mitigation for the In Orbit Validation (IOV) of the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo positioning system</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These validation satellites were previously known as the <i>Galileo System Testbed (GSTB) version 2 (GSTB-V2)</i>. In 2004 the <i>Galileo System Test Bed Version 1 (GSTB-V1)</i> project validated the on-ground algorithms for Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization (OD&TS). This project, led by ESA and <a href="/wiki/European_Satellite_Navigation_Industries" title="European Satellite Navigation Industries">European Satellite Navigation Industries</a>, has provided industry with fundamental knowledge to develop the mission segment of the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo positioning system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GIOVE satellites transmitted multifrequency ranging signals equivalent to the signals of future <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo</a>: L1BC, L1A, E6BC, E6A, E5a, E5b. The main purpose of the GIOVE mission was to test and validate the reception and performance of novel code modulations designed for <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo</a> including new signals based on the use of the BOC (<a href="/wiki/Binary_Offset_Carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary Offset Carrier">Binary Offset Carrier</a>) technique, in particular the high-performance E5AltBOC signal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satellites">Satellites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Satellites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/Giovea.jpg/250px-Giovea.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d0/Giovea.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>GIOVE-A launch</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GIOVE-A">GIOVE-A</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: GIOVE-A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Previously known as <i>GSTB-V2/A</i>, this satellite was constructed by <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd">Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd</a> (SSTL). </p><p>Its mission has the main goal of claiming the frequencies allocated to <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a>. It has two independently developed Galileo signal generation chains and also tests the design of two on-board <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a> <a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">atomic clocks</a> and the orbital characteristics of the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_circular_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate circular orbit">intermediate circular orbit</a> for future satellites. </p><p>GIOVE-A is the first spacecraft whose design is based upon SSTL's new Geostationary Minisatellite Platform (GMP) satellite bus, intended for <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">geostationary orbit</a>. GIOVE-A is also SSTL's first satellite outside <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>, operating in <a href="/wiki/Medium_Earth_orbit" title="Medium Earth orbit">medium Earth orbit</a>), and is SSTL's first satellite to use deployable Sun-tracking solar arrays. Previous SSTL satellites use body-mounted solar arrays, which generate less power per unit area as they do not face the Sun directly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Launched_on_28_December_2005">Launched on 28 December 2005</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Launched on 28 December 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was launched at 05:19 UTC on December 28, 2005, on a <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">Soyuz-FG</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fregat" title="Fregat">Fregat</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Galileo_transmissions">First Galileo transmissions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First Galileo transmissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It began communicating as planned at 09:01 UTC while circling the Earth at a height of 23,222 km. The satellite successfully transmitted its first navigation signals at 17:25 GMT on 12 January 2006. These signals were received at <a href="/wiki/Chilbolton_Observatory" title="Chilbolton Observatory">Chilbolton Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, UK and the ESA Station at <a href="/wiki/Libin,_Belgium" title="Libin, Belgium">Redu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. Teams from SSTL and ESA have measured the signal generated by GIOVE-A to ensure it meets the frequency-filing allocation and reservation requirements for the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU), a process that was required to be complete by June 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GIOVE-A signal in space is fully representative of the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo</a> signal from the point of view of frequencies and modulations, chip rates, and data rates. However, GIOVE-A can only transmit at two frequency bands at a time (i.e., L1+E5 or L1+E6). </p><p>GIOVE-A codes are different from <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo</a> codes. The GIOVE-A navigation message is not representative from the structure and contents viewpoint (demonstration only purpose). The generation of <a href="/wiki/Pseudorange" title="Pseudorange">pseudorange</a> measurements and detailed analysis of the tracking noise and <a href="/wiki/Multipath_propagation" title="Multipath propagation">multipath</a> performance of GIOVE-A ranging signals have been performed with the use of the GETR (Galileo Experimental Test Receiver) designed by <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">Septentrio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been some public controversy about the open source nature of some of the Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) codes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early part of 2006, researchers at Cornell monitored the GIOVE-A signal and extracted the PRN codes. The methods used and the codes which were found were published in the June 2006 issue of <i>GPS World</i>. ESA has now made the codes public.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retirement">Retirement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GIOVE-A was retired (but not decommissioned) on 30 June 2012, after being raised in altitude to make way for an operational satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained under command by SSTL until 24 November 2021, when it was officially decommissioned.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GIOVE-B">GIOVE-B</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: GIOVE-B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Soyuz_rocket_launches_GIOVE-B_satellite" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Soyuz rocket launches GIOVE-B satellite"> Soyuz rocket launches GIOVE-B satellite</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <p>GIOVE-B (previously called <i>GSTB-V2/B</i>), has a similar mission, but has greatly improved signal generation hardware. </p><p>It was originally built by satellite consortium <a href="/wiki/European_Satellite_Navigation_Industries" title="European Satellite Navigation Industries">European Satellite Navigation Industries</a>, but following re-organization of the project in 2007, the satellite prime contractor responsibility was passed to <a href="/wiki/Astrium" title="Astrium">Astrium</a>. </p><p>GIOVE-B also has MEO environment characterization objectives, as well as signal-in-space and receiver experimentation objectives. GIOVE-B carries three <a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">atomic clocks</a>: two <a href="/wiki/Rubidium_standard" title="Rubidium standard">rubidium standards</a> and the first space-qualified passive <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_maser" title="Hydrogen maser">hydrogen maser</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Launched_on_27_April_2008">Launched on 27 April 2008</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Launched on 27 April 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giove_B_-_Rollout_(012).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="GIOVE B on the launch pad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28012%29.jpg/220px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28012%29.jpg/330px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28012%29.jpg/440px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giove_B_-_Rollout_(069).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="GIOVE B on the launch pad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28069%29.jpg/220px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28069%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28069%29.jpg/330px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28069%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28069%29.jpg/440px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28069%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giove_B_-_Rollout_(145).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="GIOVE B on the launch pad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28145%29.jpg/220px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28145%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28145%29.jpg/330px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28145%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28145%29.jpg/440px-Giove_B_-_Rollout_%28145%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_(052).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="GIOVE B on the launch pad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28052%29.jpg/220px-Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28052%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28052%29.jpg/330px-Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28052%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28052%29.jpg/440px-Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28052%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_(081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="GIOVE B on the launch pad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28081%29.jpg/220px-Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28081%29.jpg/330px-Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28081%29.jpg/440px-Giove_B_-_Launch_Day_%28081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The launch was delayed due to various technical problems,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took place on 27 April 2008 at 04:16 Baikonur time (22:16 UTC Saturday) aboard a <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">Soyuz-FG</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fregat" title="Fregat">Fregat</a> rocket provided by <a href="/wiki/Starsem" title="Starsem">Starsem</a>. The Fregat stage was ignited three times to place the satellite into orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Giove-B reached its projected orbit after 02:00 UTC and successfully deployed its solar panels.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Galileo_navigation_transmissions">First Galileo navigation transmissions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: First Galileo navigation transmissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GIOVE-B started transmitting navigation signals on May 7, 2008. The reception of the signals by GETR receivers and other means has been confirmed at a few ESA facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_details_2">Technical details</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to ESA, this is "a truly historic step for satellite navigation since GIOVE-B is now, for the first time, transmitting the GPS-Galileo common signal using a specific optimised waveform, <a href="/wiki/MBOC" class="mw-redirect" title="MBOC">MBOC</a> (multiplexed binary offset carrier), in accordance with the agreement drawn up in July 2007 by the EU and the US for their respective systems, Galileo and the future GPS III". </p><p>"<i>Now with GIOVE-B broadcasting its highly accurate signal in space we have a true representation of what Galileo will offer to provide the most advanced satellite positioning services, while ensuring compatibility and interoperability with GPS</i>", said ESA Galileo Project Manager, Javier Benedicto. </p><p>After launch, early orbit operations and platform commissioning, GIOVE-B's navigation payload was switched on and signal transmission commenced on May 7 and the quality of these signals is now being checked. Several facilities are involved in this process, including the GIOVE-B Control Centre at Telespazio's facilities in Fucino, Italy, the Galileo Processing Centre at ESA's European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), in the Netherlands, the ESA ground station at Redu, Belgium, and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) Chilbolton Observatory in the United Kingdom. </p><p>Chilbolton's 25-metre antenna makes it possible to analyse the characteristics of GIOVE-B signals with great accuracy and verify that they conform to the Galileo system's design specification. Each time the satellite is visible from Redu and Chilbolton, the large antennas are activated and track the satellite. GIOVE-B is orbiting at an altitude of 23 173 kilometres, making a complete journey around the Earth in 14 hours and 3 minutes. </p><p>The quality of the signals transmitted by GIOVE-B will have an important influence on the accuracy of the positioning information that will be provided by the user receivers on the ground. On board, GIOVE-B carries a passive hydrogen maser atomic clock, which is expected to deliver unprecedented stability performance. </p><p>The signal quality can be affected by the environment of the satellite in its orbit and by the propagation path of the signals travelling from space to ground. Additionally, the satellite signals must not create interference with services operating in adjacent frequency bands, and this is also being checked. </p><p>Galileo teams within ESA and industry have the means to observe and record the spectrum of the signals transmitted by GIOVE-B in real time. Several measurements are performed relating to transmitted signal power, centre frequency and bandwidth, as well as the format of the navigation signals generated on board. This allows the analysis of the satellite transmissions in the three frequency bands reserved for it. </p><p>The GIOVE-B mission also represents an opportunity for validating in-orbit critical satellite technologies, characterising the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) radiation environment, and to test a key element of the future Galileo system - the user receivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retirement_2">Retirement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GIOVE B was retired (but not decommissioned) on 23 July 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GIOVE-A2">GIOVE-A2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: GIOVE-A2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the delays of GIOVE-B, the European Space Agency again contracted with <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd">SSTL</a> for a second satellite, to ensure that the Galileo programme continues without any interruptions that could lead to loss of frequency allocations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of GIOVE-A2 was terminated due to the successful launch and in-orbit operation of GIOVE-B. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_segment">Mission segment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mission segment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>The GIOVE Mission</b> segment, or <b>GIOVE-M</b>, is the name of a project dedicated to the exploitation and experimentation of the GIOVE satellites.<sup id="cite_ref-esa_int_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa_int-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GIOVE Mission was intended to ensure risk mitigation of the In Orbit Validation (IOV) phase of the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo positioning system</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GIOVE_Mission_history">GIOVE Mission history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: GIOVE Mission history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GIOVE Mission Segment began in October 2005 with the purpose of providing experimental results based on real data to be used for risk mitigation throughout the overall <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galileo_In_Orbit_Validation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galileo In Orbit Validation (page does not exist)">Galileo In Orbit Validation</a> (IOV) phase of the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_positioning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo positioning system">Galileo positioning system</a>. </p><p>The GIOVE Mission segment infrastructure was based on evolution of the Galileo System Test Bed Version 1 (GSTB-V1) infrastructure conceived to process data from the GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B satellites.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GIOVE Mission segment was composed of a central processing facility called the Giove Processing Center (GPC) and a network of thirteen experimental Giove Sensor Stations (GESS). </p><p>The main objectives of the GIOVE Mission Segment experimentation were in the areas of: </p> <ul><li>On-board clock characterisation</li> <li>Navigation message generation</li> <li>Orbit modelling</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEM10V638FE_index_0.html">First Galileo satellites named 'GIOVE'</a>, ESA press release, 9 March 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esa_int-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-esa_int_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esa_int_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaNA/SEMWL4N0LYE_index_0.html">GIOVE mission core infrastructure</a>, ESA press release, 26 February 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaNA/SEMUGJRMTWE_galileo_0.html">One year of Galileo signals; new website opens</a>, ESA press release, 12 January 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaNA/SEM6KYP3K3E_index_0.html">Galileo System Test Bed Version 1 experimentation is now complete</a>, ESA News release, 7 January 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.septentrio.com/sites/default/files/papers/SimskySleewaegenMertensWillemsHollreiserF3iongnss2007.pdf">A.Simsky et al. Multipath and Tracking Performance of Galileo Ranging Signals Transmitted by GIOVE-A</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120810151909/http://www.septentrio.com/sites/default/files/papers/SimskySleewaegenMertensWillemsHollreiserF3iongnss2007.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Proceedings of ION GNSS 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engineeringbritain.com/space/archives/40-Unlocking-the-truth-behind-GIOVE-A-signals.html">Unlocking the truth behind GIOVE-A signals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061029133845/http://www.engineeringbritain.com/space/archives/40-Unlocking-the-truth-behind-GIOVE-A-signals.html">Archived</a> 2006-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SSTL press release, 18 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEM4EDN0LYE_index_0.html">GIOVE-A navigation signal available to users</a>, ESA press release, 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sstl.co.uk/media-hub/latest-news/2012/galileo-pathfinder-giove-a-retires">"Galileo pathfinder GIOVE-A retires"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">SSTL</a></i>. 5 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SSTL&rft.atitle=Galileo+pathfinder+GIOVE-A+retires&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sstl.co.uk%2Fmedia-hub%2Flatest-news%2F2012%2Fgalileo-pathfinder-giove-a-retires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIOVE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sstl.co.uk/media-hub/latest-news/2021/giove-a-galileo-pathfinder-satellite-de-commission">"GIOVE-A, Galileo Pathfinder Satellite, De-commissioned after 16 Years of In-Orbit Service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">SSTL</a></i>. 24 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SSTL&rft.atitle=GIOVE-A%2C+Galileo+Pathfinder+Satellite%2C+De-commissioned+after+16+Years+of+In-Orbit+Service&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sstl.co.uk%2Fmedia-hub%2Flatest-news%2F2021%2Fgiove-a-galileo-pathfinder-satellite-de-commission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIOVE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gim-international.com/content/news/launch-giove-b-postponed?output=pdf">"Launch GIOVE-B Postponed"</a>. <i>GIM International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GIM+International&rft.atitle=Launch+GIOVE-B+Postponed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gim-international.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2Flaunch-giove-b-postponed%3Foutput%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIOVE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602023204/http://www.arianespace.com/site/news/releases/presrel08_04_27.html">"Starsem successfully launches second Europe navigation satellite"</a>. Arianespace. 2008-04-27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arianespace.com/site/news/releases/presrel08_04_27.html">the original</a> on 2008-06-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Starsem+successfully+launches+second+Europe+navigation+satellite&rft.pub=Arianespace&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arianespace.com%2Fsite%2Fnews%2Freleases%2Fpresrel08_04_27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGIOVE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jydCERiyJhe5puK-JKlQ-n6BqEtw">afp.google.com, Second test satellite for Galileo launched, reaches orbit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502021713/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jydCERiyJhe5puK-JKlQ-n6BqEtw">Archived</a> 2008-05-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/GIOVE-B_launch/SEMGVUZXUFF_0.html">ESA - GIOVE-B launch - GIOVE-B transmitting its first signals</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEM8LNN0LYE_index_0.html">GIOVE-A2 to secure the Galileo programme</a>, European Space Agency press release, 5 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giove.esa.int/page_index.php?menu=101&page_id=34">GIOVE System Architecture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070324074824/http://www.giove.esa.int/page_index.php?menu=101&page_id=34">Archived</a> 2007-03-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, GIOVE website.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GIOVE&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/GIOVE-B_launch/index.html">ESA GIOVE-B launch pages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306144236/http://www.giove.esa.int/">GIOVE Mission Processing Centre website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008161213/http://directory.eoportal.org/pres_GIOVEGalileoInOrbitValidationElement.html">eoPortal description of GIOVE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061101213414/http://space.ballard.co.uk/">blog of GIOVE-A launch</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060813125739/http://www.ballard.co.uk/press_releases/company_releases.aspx?company=sstl">press releases</a> from Ballard Communications Management, used by SSTL.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071117155743/http://www.giove.esa.int/page_index.php?menu=705&page_id=73">Technical papers on GIOVE-A and B missions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306144236/http://www.giove.esa.int/">GIOVE Mission Processing Centre - Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008161213/http://directory.eoportal.org/pres_GIOVEGalileoInOrbitValidationElement.html">eoPortal description of GIOVE</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Space_Agency" title="Template:European Space Agency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Space_Agency" title="Template talk:European Space Agency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Space_Agency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Space Agency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Space_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Space Centres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esrange" title="Esrange">Esrange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">Vega C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">Space Operations Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_and_Technology_Centre" title="European Space Research and Technology Centre">Space Research and Technology Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Centre_for_Earth_Observation" title="ESA Centre for Earth Observation">ESA Centre for Earth Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astronaut_Centre" title="European Astronaut Centre">European Astronaut Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Astronomy_Centre" title="European Space Astronomy Centre">Space Astronomy Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Space_Applications_and_Telecommunications" title="European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications">Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Design_Facility" title="Concurrent Design Facility">Concurrent Design Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Telescope_European_Coordinating_Facility" title="Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility">Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESTRACK" title="ESTRACK">ESTRACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">ESM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_programme" title="Aurora programme">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat" title="CryoSat">CryoSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Programme_for_Life_and_Physical_Sciences_in_Space" title="European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space">ELIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Launchers_Preparatory_Programme" title="Future Launchers Preparatory Programme">FLPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Planet_Programme" title="Living Planet Programme">Living Planet Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme" title="Space Situational Awareness Programme">Space Situational Awareness Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency_Science_Programme" title="European Space Agency Science Programme">Science Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Vision" title="Cosmic Vision">Cosmic Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_Reusable_In-orbit_Demonstrator_in_Europe" title="Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe">PRIDE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Launcher_Development_Organisation" title="European Launcher Development Organisation">European Launcher Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation" title="European Space Research Organisation">European Space Research Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Television" title="ESA Television">ESA Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUMETSAT" title="EUMETSAT">EUMETSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Camp" title="European Space Camp">European Space Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Energy_and_Water_Exchanges" title="Global Energy and Water Exchanges">GEWEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Science_Archive" title="Planetary Science Archive">Planetary Science Archive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Projects_and_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Space_Agency_programs_and_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Space Agency programs and missions">Projects and missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Solar physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-2" title="ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> (1995–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_II_(spacecraft)" title="Cluster II (spacecraft)">Cluster II</a> (2000–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ESA_Vigil" title="ESA Vigil">Vigil</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Planetary science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a> (1985–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a> (1997–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (2003–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a> (2004–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a> (2005–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars <i>Trace Gas Orbiter</i></a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hera (spacecraft)">Hera</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EnVision" title="EnVision">EnVision</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Astronomy and<br />cosmology</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> (1975–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> (1978–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> (1983–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> (1990–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">Eureca</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> (1999–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> (2006–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARRAKIHS" title="ARRAKIHS">ARRAKIHS</a></i> (2030s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a></i> (2035)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a></i> (2035)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a> (1988–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#First_generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat First Generation</a> (1977–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-1</a> (1991–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-2</a> (1995–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#Second_Generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat Second Generation</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envisat" title="Envisat">Envisat</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetOp" title="MetOp">MetOp</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOCE" title="GOCE">GOCE</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity" title="Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity">SMOS</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-2" title="CryoSat-2">CryoSat-2</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_(spacecraft)" title="Swarm (spacecraft)">Swarm</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1" title="Sentinel-1">Sentinel-1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1A" title="Sentinel-1A">1A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1B" title="Sentinel-1B">1B</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2A" title="Sentinel-2A">2A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2B" title="Sentinel-2B">2B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2C" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinel-2C">2C</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3" title="Sentinel-3">Sentinel-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3A" title="Sentinel-3A">3A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3B" title="Sentinel-3B">3B</a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor" title="Sentinel-5 Precursor">Sentinel-5 Precursor</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-Aeolus" title="ADM-Aeolus">ADM-Aeolus</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(satellite)" title="Biomass (satellite)">Biomass</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meteosat_Third_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteosat Third Generation">Meteosat Third Generation</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-4" title="Sentinel-4">Sentinel-4</a></i>) (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ALTIUS" title="ALTIUS">ALTIUS</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(satellite)" title="FLEX (satellite)">FLEX</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-A" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-A">MetOp-SG-A</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-B" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-B">MetOp-SG-B</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SMILE_(spacecraft)" title="SMILE (spacecraft)">SMILE</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Far-infrared_Outgoing_Radiation_Understanding_and_Monitoring" title="Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring">FORUM</a></i> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_contribution_to_the_International_Space_Station" title="European contribution to the International Space Station">ISS contributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Transfer_Vehicle" title="Automated Transfer Vehicle">Automated Transfer Vehicle</a> (2008–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)">Cupola</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Robotic_Arm" title="European Robotic Arm">European Robotic Arm</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 2</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus-1" title="Olympus-1">Olympus-1</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(satellite)" title="Artemis (satellite)">Artemis</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-A" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-A">GIOVE-A</a> (2005–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-B" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-B">GIOVE-B</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HYLAS-1" title="HYLAS-1">HYLAS-1</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#In-Orbit_Validation_(IOV)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo IOV</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#Full_Operational_Capability_(FOC)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo FOC</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a> (2016–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Technology<br />demonstrators</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Reentry_Demonstrator" title="Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator">ARD</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA" title="PROBA">PROBA-1</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Engineers%27_Satellite_2" title="Young Engineers' Satellite 2">YES2</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-2" title="PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-V" title="PROBA-V">PROBA-V</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle" title="Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle">IXV</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS-SAT" title="OPS-SAT">OPS-SAT</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Cancelled<br />and proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDA (mission)">AIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane 5 ME">Ariane 5 ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calathus_Mission" title="Calathus Mission">Calathus Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_Polar_Lander" title="Ceres Polar Lander">Ceres Polar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Man-Tended_Free_Flyer" title="Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer">Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSTS" title="CSTS">CSTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_(spacecraft)" title="Don Quijote (spacecraft)">Don Quijote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.Deorbit" title="E.Deorbit">e.Deorbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_eXPErimental_Re-entry_Testbed" title="European eXPErimental Re-entry Testbed">EXPERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(spacecraft)" title="Hermes (spacecraft)">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(spacecraft)" title="Hopper (spacecraft)">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(spacecraft)" title="Marco Polo (spacecraft)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarcoPolo-R" class="mw-redirect" title="MarcoPolo-R">MarcoPolo-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLARIS" class="mw-redirect" title="SOLARIS">SOLARIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STE-QUEST" title="STE-QUEST">STE-QUEST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (spacecraft)">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-1" title="CryoSat-1">CryoSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli EDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Future missions in <i>italics</i> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" title="Category:European Space Agency">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons 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